Aluminium-alloy piston fog quenching heat-treatment technology method and device thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to Heat treatment for aluminium alloy piston technology, particularly aluminium-alloy piston is carried out fog quenching and handle, to improve the heat treating method and the device thereof of piston machine performance.
Background technology
The processing of aluminum alloy materials piston super saturated solid solution is that the quench cooled of aluminium-alloy piston is a bigger link of technical difficulty; Super saturated solid solution is handled---quench direct relation aluminum alloy materials final properties.The super saturated solid solution treatment effect is good during quenching, and super saturated solid solution degree higher position can guarantee fully that piston reaches high performance, and the maximum of performance piston is active.According to aluminum current alloy material piston thermal treatment situation, the quenching super saturated solid solution is handled the requirement of selecting for use of heat-eliminating medium: guarantee to obtain high super saturated solid solution degree after the aluminum alloy materials piston quench cooled, guarantee can obtain uniform surface hardness and satisfactory performance after the timeliness; The piston quench cooled quenching crack and serious deformation can not occur, and piston mass is brought up to higher performance class.
Aluminium-alloy piston thermal treatment present situation
Heat treatment for aluminium alloy piston (super saturated solid solution the processing)+artificial aging of normally quenching is handled.The method of quenching reheats quenching after having afterheat in casting quenching and casting to finish.The quench treatment type of cooling generally has following several mode: naturally cooling in whole immersion cooling, local immersion cooling, the cooling of fan high wind, the air.
Aluminium alloy quenching solution treatment makes water be controlled at 60 ℃~100 ℃ scopes as quenching medium requirement water temperature.The temperature that the super saturated solid solution of aluminum alloy materials product is handled is then 540 ℃ of following temperature, and carrying out quench treatment below the temperature at this is the fastest stage of water cooling.When adopting hot water to carry out Cooling Quenching, though speed of cooling is slowed down, the fluctuation that water temperature is little will change the speed of cooling of water.Water temperature is high more, and speed of cooling is slow more.Adopt water as heat-eliminating medium then be distributed in the fastest stage of speed of cooling the quench cooled of aluminum alloy materials is handled unfavorable.Water carries out quench treatment stain seal with residuary water on piston, guarantee that any surface finish of piston must be carried out surperficial cleaning.
Adopt machine oil as the aluminum alloy materials quenching medium, then the fastest speed of cooling is very favourable to the Aluminium Alloy Solution Treatment quenching at hot stage, reduces the distortion that helps reducing the aluminum alloy materials product in low thermophase speed of cooling.Oil temperature variation simultaneously is minimum to the speed of cooling influence, has improved the refrigerative homogeneity like this, and corresponding raising aluminum alloy materials quench cooled homogeneity reduces the distortion of part.But be to use the production cost of oil, cause the pollution of environment simultaneously as heat-eliminating medium increase piston.
The cooling of employing high wind, speed of cooling is slower, can not guarantee to satisfy the super saturated solid solution processing of aluminum alloy part, and especially the high wind cooling guarantees that the situation of degree of supersaturation is poorer when the part net thickness is big.
Naturally cooling in air then can not guarantee the degree of supersaturation of aluminium-alloy piston quench treatment can not guarantee that the performance of piston reaches requirement.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of aluminium-alloy piston fog quenching thermal treatment process at the weak point that has the aluminum alloy heat treatment process now, to improve the mechanical property of piston, simultaneously, obtains customer requirements or the desired surface-brightening part of technology.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: a kind of aluminium-alloy piston fog quenching heat-treatment technology method, carry out according to the following steps:
A), adopt metal die to pour into a mould the alloy aluminum liquid after the melting;
B), take off piston blank spare from Piston mould, piston blank spare is placed on the Cooling Quenching platform, the vaporific gas that spraying plant produced is formed by water, gas by being positioned at Cooling Quenching platform below carries out quench cooled thermal treatment with the piston blank spare of 420 ℃~545 ℃ of temperature: by adjusting compressed-air actuated pressure and flow, perhaps adjust intake pressure and flooding quantity, thereby satisfy the speed of cooling of spray cooling; Require under the bright and clean situation at piston cavity, piston crown or skirt section are carried out spray cooling; Require under the bright and clean situation piston cavity to be carried out spray cooling in the skirt of piston appearance;
The spraying plant structure is: pressurized air air inlet valve is screwed in the threeway afterbody, with nozzle on same axis; Water inlet tap is screwed in the threeway side, at an angle, is connected with valve; The negative pressure that valve, threeway, nozzle form certain interval each other forms the district; Water inlet tap has the flooding quantity of conciliation water hole by the threeway direction;
C), after the temperature of the piston blank spare of b step spray cooling reaches room temperature, carry out artificial aging thermal treatment again: piston blank spare is heated to 170 ℃ ± 5 ℃, and constant temperature 3 hours is heated to 250 ℃ ± 5 ℃ constant temperature 2 hours again;
D), c step piston blank spare after artificial aging thermal treatment, naturally cooling was reduced to room temperature in air, finished natural aging thermal treatment again through 24 hours.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of thermal treatment unit that adopts above-mentioned processing method, so that carry out quench cooled thermal treatment by the vaporific gas that is formed by water, gas.
Another object of the present invention is achieved in that the spraying plant that a kind of aluminium-alloy piston fog quenching heat-treatment technology method adopts, its structure is: Cooling Quenching platform below is provided with spraying plant, its structure is: pressurized air air inlet valve is screwed in the threeway afterbody, with shower nozzle on same axis; Water inlet tap is screwed in the threeway side, at an angle, is connected with valve; Valve, threeway, nozzle constitute the negative pressure with certain interval each other and form the district.
Above-mentioned water inlet tap has the flooding quantity of conciliation aperture near the threeway direction.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the piston machine performance is improved
I〉aluminium-alloy piston art work sheet performance requriements: hardness: HB100~130, same piston difference of hardness is not more than 10 HBS, and same stove piston difference of hardness is not more than 30 HBS; Tensile strength: σ
b〉=196MPa, σ
300 ℃〉=69MPa; Volume stability: δ≤0.03%D.
Ii〉fog quenching+artificial aging piston performance index are as follows: hardness: HB104~113; Tensile strength: σ
b=241.30MPa, σ
300 ℃=110.31MPa; Linear expansivity: α
Room temperature-200=19.89 * 10
-6/ ℃, α
Room temperature-300=21.48 * 10
-6/ ℃; Volume stability: δ≤0.011%D.Improve and guarantee that some performance of piston adopts the way Danone of adjusting the piston artificial aging time enough to satisfy the requirement of piston property.
2, fog quenching is convenient to adjust speed of cooling, can adjust compressed-air actuated pressure and/or flow easily, perhaps, adjusts water surface pressure and/or flow, thereby adjusts speed of cooling easily, and thermal treatment can be carried out according to predetermined cooling curve easily.
3, aluminium-alloy piston any surface finish, no spot
Can obtain according to customer requirements or according to the surface-brightening part of processing requirement.
Characteristics of the present invention are further to set forth in conjunction with embodiment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention's (quench cooled) structure drawing of device of spraying;
Fig. 2 is piston fog quenching artificial aging heat treatment cycle curve figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 illustrates, and a kind of aluminium-alloy piston fog quenching heat-treatment technology method carries out according to the following steps:
A), adopt metal die to pour into a mould the alloy aluminum liquid after the melting;
B), take off piston blank spare from Piston mould, piston blank spare is placed on the Cooling Quenching platform, the vaporific gas that spraying plant produced is formed by water, gas by being positioned at Cooling Quenching platform below carries out quench cooled thermal treatment with the piston blank spare under 420 ℃~545 ℃ of the temperature: by adjusting compressed-air actuated pressure and flow, perhaps adjust intake pressure and flooding quantity, thereby satisfy the speed of cooling of spray cooling; Require under the bright and clean situation at piston cavity, piston crown or skirt section are carried out spray cooling; Require under the bright and clean situation piston cavity to be carried out spray cooling in the skirt of piston appearance;
C), after the temperature of the piston blank spare of b step spray cooling reaches room temperature, carry out artificial aging thermal treatment again: piston blank spare is heated to 170 ℃ ± 5 ℃, and constant temperature 3 hours is heated to 250 ℃ ± 5 ℃ constant temperature 2 hours again;
D), c step piston blank spare after artificial aging thermal treatment, naturally cooling was reduced to room temperature in air, finished natural aging thermal treatment again through 24 hours.(referring to Fig. 2).
Aluminium alloy is in the heat-treatment quenching process of cooling, because aluminium alloy self, have following characteristics in the thermal treatment process of cooling: 1) the aluminium-alloy piston solid solution temperature is low, and quenching temperature is generally 420~545 ℃ of temperature ranges; Burn-off phenomenon appears in temperature too high (especially cast aluminium alloy) easily, and temperature is crossed low-alloy aluminium alloy solute element and separated out and can not guarantee degree of supersaturation; 2) aluminium-alloy piston process of cooling heat transfer rate is fast, the high 0.53 * 418.68/W. of the thermal conductivity of aluminium (m.K)
-1, heat transfer rate is fast, and quench cooled process heart portion heat can transmit out soon; Aluminum alloy materials thermal conduction is fast, so cooling rate could guarantee the solid solution strengthening effect of material, the over-all properties of aluminium alloy after the assurance timeliness soon during aluminum alloy materials product quench cooled.3) aluminium-alloy piston structural shape complexity, each position wall thickness difference is bigger, adopts each position temperature head of afterheat in casting quenching piston bigger; 4) the aluminium alloy thermal capacitance is big by 0.215 * 4.1868 * 10
3/ J. (kg.K)
-1, density is hanged down 2.6984/g.cm
3, the heat-eliminating medium amount that compares the aluminium alloy needs of equivalent weight with iron alloy increases; 5) the quench cooled process transport velocity of carrying out after the aluminium alloy heating subsequently wants fast, avoids supersaturated solid solution to decompose in early days, influences strengthening effect and alloy property; 6) the aluminum alloy materials heat treatment process does not have the transformation of tissue, and therefore the cooling in the solution treatment process just must guarantee that aluminum alloy materials reaches the super saturated solid solution degree of trying one's best big, just can guarantee the final performance of aluminum alloy materials; 7) for the higher aluminum alloy part of some surface requirements, can not there be any spot in the thermal treatment rear surface.
It is a kind of new quench cooled mode that aluminium alloy spray cooling super saturated solid solution is handled.The fog quenching cooling is to adopt water, gas to form the heat-eliminating medium of vaporific gas as solution treatment, the quenching that can be good at solving aluminum alloy part.The fog quenching cooling can both well solve the speed of cooling of spraying by adjusting the compressed-air actuated amount of spraying or adjusting the amount that forms spray water xi.Increasing compressed-air actuated gas flow and pressure can increase the speed of cooling of spray cooling, and the flow that increases spray cooling water also will increase the speed of cooling of spray cooling.Spray cooling can carry out spray cooling at certain part simultaneously, can guarantee to require the light part not contaminated, thereby obtains the surface-brightening part of requirement.For example: piston requires inner chamber bright and clean, then can carry out spray cooling to head or skirt section; Require the skirt section appearance bright and clean, then can spray cold inner chamber; So both guaranteed the surface that the clean part of part requirement light can obtain to require, and guaranteed that part obtained the over-all properties that requires.
Referring to Fig. 1, the spraying plant that a kind of aluminium-alloy piston fog quenching heat-treatment technology method adopts, its structure is: Cooling Quenching platform 5 belows are provided with spraying plant, and its structure is: pressurized air air inlet valve 2 is screwed in threeway 3 afterbodys, with shower nozzle 1 on same axis; Water inlet tap 4 is screwed in threeway 3 sides, at an angle, is connected with valve; Valve 2, threeway 3, nozzle 1 constitute the negative pressure with certain interval each other and form the district.Water inlet tap 4 has the flooding quantity of conciliation aperture near the threeway direction.
Cooling Quenching platform 5 belows are provided with tank 6, and tank 6 bottoms are stretched in water inlet pipe (being installed into water nozzle on it) lower end.