CN101861261A - 混合动力系 - Google Patents

混合动力系 Download PDF

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CN101861261A
CN101861261A CN200880111768A CN200880111768A CN101861261A CN 101861261 A CN101861261 A CN 101861261A CN 200880111768 A CN200880111768 A CN 200880111768A CN 200880111768 A CN200880111768 A CN 200880111768A CN 101861261 A CN101861261 A CN 101861261A
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hybrid power
power system
energy
accumulating device
energy accumulating
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理查德·朗福特
克里斯多佛·布斯·德莱尼
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LANGFORD PERFORMANCE ENGINEERI
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种混合动力系，所述混合动力系包括用于驱动车辆的一组车轮的电动机、和电连接到电动机用于将电能供应给电动机的能量储存装置。混合动力车电动机还包括一个或多个气体涡轮机，所述气体涡轮机电连接到能量储存装置，并且适于产生用于储存在能量储存装置内的电能。

Description

混合动力系
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力车，并且具体地涉及混合动力系。
背景技术
当前，大多数车辆由具有较高的碳排放物的四冲程内燃机驱动。当前的环境气候迫使研制排放更低、或零碳排放物的车辆。
此技术领域的发展包括所有电动车辆，所述电动车辆具有由储存在车载可再充电能量储存***(RESS)供给动力的电动机。RESS通过外部电源充电。然而，这种车辆在一定范围内受限制，并且受限于用于给RESS再充电的越野设备。
最新的发展已经还包括通常被公知为混合电动车辆(HEVs)的混合动力车，所述混合动力车具有用于车辆推进的多于一个的燃料动力源。这种车辆的示例是石油-电动混合车辆，所述石油-电动混合车辆具有电动机和内燃机。HEV通常通过储存来自当使车辆减速时的再生制动的动能而保持给电池充电。另外，内燃机经由发电机产生电力，所述电力用于给RESS再充电或将动力直接供给电动机，从而驱动车辆的车轮。
然而，如果要实现零碳排放物或近似零碳排放物，则传统的四冲程内燃机的使用仍然是不理想的。此外，对于用于电动机的装置来说理想的是重量轻、无振动、尺寸较小、具有很少的部件、维修容易并且相对便宜、具有长寿命并且在冷启动不需要加热期。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供了一种混合动力系，所述混合动力系包括用于驱动车辆的一组车轮的电动机、和电连接到电动机用于将电能供应给电动机的能量储存装置，其中，混合动力车电动机还包括至少一个微涡轮机，所述至少一个微涡轮机电连接到能量储存装置，并且适于产生用于储存在能量储存装置内的电能。
电动机可以包括永磁DC或AC电动机。
混合动力系有利地还包括操作控制器，所述操作控制器可操作以保持气体涡轮机在大致恒定速度下旋转。气体涡轮机有利地被供给有柴油或诸如生物柴油或生物乙醇的生物燃料，所述生物燃料例如由油菜籽、向日葵籽或有助于零或近似零碳排放的任何其它适当的物质制成。
能量储存装置优选地是可再充电的，并且可以包括至少一个电池组。有利地被冷却并且以紧凑而又节省空间的布局被布置的所述电池组或每一个电池组可以包括多个电池。所述电池或每一个电池可以是锂离子电池。
混合动力系还可以包括能量输出控制器，所述能量输出控制器可操作以监测和控制电能在电动机与能量储存装置之间的流动。除了电能从能量储存装置流动到电动机之外，电能还可以从电动机流动到能量储存装置，其中，其中，电能在车辆的制动或减速期间由电动机生成，这有利地由电池管理***来控制。涡轮发电机/电池接口优选地由根据需求有利地提供恒定充电率或可变充电率的软件来控制。充电率有利地通过在一段时间内监测从电池组得到的牵引电动机载荷来确定，使得处理器可以命令涡轮机以在不会过度对电池单元进行放电或不会将电池温度增加到预定温度(例如，40°)以上的情况下与充电率相匹配。牵引电动机载荷有利地每次监测几毫秒。
混合动力系还可以包括机械/电转换装置，所述机械/电转换装置可操作以在气体涡轮机与能量储存装置之间转换机械能和电能。机械/电转换装置可以包括AC或DC电转换器。
混合动力系还可以包括监测装置，所述监测装置可操作以监测一个或多个电池充电/放电和温度、再生能、电池电荷电势、振荡放电和电池在电池组内的状态、涡轮机状态和电动机。
混合动力车电动机还可以包括用于优化电动机与车轮之间的扭矩比的机械装置。机械装置可以包括变速***和离合器。机械装置有利地是手动多速齿轮箱。
当电动机驱动车辆车轮时，气体涡轮机可以与电动机同时操作，或者当电动机停止以继续给电储存装置充电时独立于电动机操作。
附图说明
以下参照下面的附图更加详细地说明本发明，其中：
图1是根据本发明的混合动力系的示意图；和
图2是用于控制图1的混合动力系的控制器的示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，混合动力系10包括具有驱动轴14的直流电动机12，所述驱动轴从所述直流电动机延伸。驱动轴具有第一端16和第二端18。第一端16可旋转地连接到电动机12，而第二端18连接到机械装置20，用于可旋转地驱动一组车辆车轮22。相对于旨在要被驱动的车辆的重量预先确定电动机12的马力。
机械装置20具有变速***和离合器。机械装置提供对电动机12与车轮22之间的扭矩比的手动或自动调节。
混合动力系10还包括电池组形式的可再充电能量储存装置24。能量储存装置24通过能量储存控制器30电连接到电动机12。能量储存控制器30控制电力从能量储存装置24到电动机12的数量和流动。
电力由气体涡轮机32生成，所述气体涡轮机被供给有柴油或诸如生物柴油的生物燃料。尽管要认识的是其它生物燃料可以等同地适用于在本发明的操作中被加入气体涡轮机内。
气体涡轮机32通过机械/电转换装置34电连接到能量储存装置24。机械/电转换装置34包括交流发电机和AC-DC转换器，使得气体涡轮机的机械旋转被转换成AC电源，所述AC电源随后被AC-DC转换器转换成用于储存在能量储存装置24内的DC电源。能量输入控制器36监测储存在能量储存装置24内的能量，并且控制对所生成的电力的需求。
气体涡轮机32还包括操作控制器38，所述操作控制器38监测气体涡轮机32的操作以确保所述气体涡轮机以恒定速度旋转。使气体涡轮机32在恒定速度下工作增加了效率，并且能够使混合动力车电动机10驱动具有零碳排放物、或近似零碳排放物的车辆。
电力在车辆的制动或减速期间由电动机12生成。这种再生制动能从电动机12流动到可再充电能量储存装置24。能量储存控制器30控制再生制动能从电动机12到可再充电能量储存装置24的数量和流动。
还参照图2，控制器30电连接到电池组38以通过控制器30将动力提供给动力装置40，用于驱动电动机12。
监测电池组24的电压和温度，并将所述电压和温度供给到控制器30内。
动力装置40a和40b由电池组24通过两个单独可选择的动力路径(小功率路径42a和大功率路径42b)中的一个供给动力。
小功率路径和大功率路径42a和42b中的每一个都分别具有电流传感器44a和44b，用于测量牵引电动机载荷，并因此测量正在从电池得到的电荷的速度。
两个电流传感器44a和44b都连接到控制器。
控制器30还具有安全切断断开装置46a和46b，所述安全切断断开装置在电流传感器44a和44b与动力装置40a和40b之间分别串联连接在小功率路径和大功率路径中。
在当需要立即停止到动力装置40a和40b的动力的情况下，控制器30致动切断装置46a和46b。
控制器30还包括分别到动力装置40a和40b的引导控制连杆48a和48b。
控制器30还包括到的点火***50和涡轮机32以及到驱动器显示器52和控制车辆的其它特征的车载计算机54的电连接。
在使用中，控制器30通过测量电流44a和44b监测电池电压温度39和牵引电动机载荷，并且控制涡轮机32以确保电池组24被充分充电以给动力装置40a和40b提供动力，同时确保电池组的温度不会超过40℃。
与传统的柴油机装置相比，根据本发明的混合式电动机车辆的重量和尺寸近似小一半，并且近似产生三分之一的排放物。当允许混合动力车仅在来自车载电池的电力下移动大约45英里并且实现超过80英里每加仑的燃料消耗数时，这尤其有利。

Claims (20)

1.一种混合动力系，包括：
电动机，所述电动机用于驱动车辆的一组车轮；和
能量储存装置，所述能量储存装置电连接到所述电动机，用于将电能供应给所述电动机，
其中，混合动力车电动机还包括至少一个微型涡轮机，所述至少一个微型涡轮机电连接到所述能量储存装置，并且适于产生用于储存在所述能量储存装置中的电能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系，包括操作控制器，所述操作控制器能够操作以保持气体涡轮机在大致恒定速度下旋转。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力系，其中，所述气体涡轮机被供给有柴油或生物燃料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力系，其中，所述生物燃料选自生物柴油或生物乙醇中的一种。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力系，其中，所述能量储存装置是可再充电的。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力系其中，所述能量储存装置包括至少一个电池组。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力系，其中，所述电池组或每一个电池组包括多个电池。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的混合动力系，其中，所述能量储存装置包括一个或多个锂离子电池。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力系，包括能量输出控制器，所述能量输出控制器能够操作以监测和控制电能在所述电动机与所述能量储存装置之间的流动。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力系，包括电池管理***，所述电池管理***能够操作以监测和控制电荷从所述气体涡轮机到所述能量储存装置的流动。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力系，包括机械/电转换装置，所述机械/电转换装置能够操作以在所述气体涡轮机与所述能量储存装置之间转换机械能和电能。
12.根据权利要求11所述的混合动力系，其中，所述机械/电转换装置包括交流发电机。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的混合动力系，其中，所述机械/电转换装置包括电AC-DC转换器。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力系，包括机械装置，所述机械装置具有变速装置和离合器，用于手动或自动调节所述电动机与所述车轮之间的扭矩比。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力系，其中，所述电动机包括永磁DC电动机。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力系，还包括控制装置，所述控制装置能够操作以监测和控制所述电池组相对于牵引电动机载荷的充电率。
17.根据权利要求16所述的混合动力系，其中，所述控制装置能够操作以控制所述充电率，使得所述涡轮机给所述电池充分充电，以与牵引电动机载荷相匹配，同时监测所述电池组的温度在40℃以下。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的混合动力系，其中，所述控制装置能够操作，以每次监测所述牵引电动机载荷不超过几毫秒。
19.一种包括如前述任一项权利要求所述的混合动力系的车辆。
20.一种控制混合动力系的方法，包括以下步骤：
监测牵引电动机载荷；
控制涡轮充电器，以相对于所述牵引电动机载荷给电池组充电；以及
监测所述电池组的温度等于或低于40℃。
CN200880111768A 2007-10-15 2008-10-15 混合动力系 Pending CN101861261A (zh)

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