CN101856757A - Powder medium diffusion reaction resistance soldering method of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Powder medium diffusion reaction resistance soldering method of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a powder medium diffusion reaction resistance soldering method of aluminum and aluminum alloy materials, which is applicable to soldering of aluminum and aluminum alloy materials. In the method, an aluminum base alloy powder medium or a zinc aluminum powder solder medium is used as a filling layer to improve contact resistance of the aluminum alloy materials difficult to solder at the initial stage of soldering, resistance heat is used as a soldering heat source, and partial melting of a material surface to be soldered and rapid melting of powder medium are generated at the same time under the action of the resistance heat so as to form the alloy solder. An oxidized film is broken to prompt the powder medium to produce eutectic reaction at the interface part of the material to be soldered under the impact action of proper electrode pressure, and eutectic is formed at the interface part by relying on the diffusion action among different metals so as to realize reliable material connection. The method can realize soldering at the atmospheric environment or the protective environment of the inert gas, and has strong flexibility and ideal engineering significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of powder medium diffusion reaction resistance brazing method of aluminium alloy, be applicable to aluminium and aluminum alloy plate materials, wire rod, the welding of especially difficult weldering aluminum alloy materials.
Background technology
Because the physical and chemical performance that aluminium and aluminium alloy had is easy to generate a series of problem in welding process, mainly show as:
(1) metal material such as aluminium alloy has bigger thermal conductivity and less resistivity.In welding process, a large amount of welding heats is transmitted to rapidly in metallic matrix and the surrounding environment to be lost.Therefore, need higher welding energy effect relatively could realize the high-quality welding of this class material.
(2) affinity of aluminium and oxygen is big, and under atmospheric environment, easy and oxygen forms has dystectic dense oxidation film, hinders metal melting in welding process, thereby forms dreg defect, perhaps produces pore in weld seam.
(3) linear expansion coefficient of aluminium alloy is about the twice of steel, during welding, and often owing to bigger internal stress produces distortion, even in brittle temperature range generation fire check.
(4) owing to need higher welding current during resistance welded, make and easily alloying takes place between aluminum alloy materials and the electrode material and produce spot corrosion, thereby influence the raising of welding quality at electrode surface, also greatly reduced electrode life.
Use pulverous cored solder, be disclosed among the CN1211484 with the method for attachment connection aluminium of soldering and the exemplary of aluminum alloy materials, use therein powder cored solder is before welding, be heated fusing, make its fritting on the materials to be welded surface, form fine and close solid-state solder layer, again with method for brazing with the solder layer remelting, and realize the soldering of materials to be welded.In addition, in disclosed CN86102511, during the welding of the actuating motor armature of automobile, tractor, with the thermal spraying form of spray gun heating, make the fritting before welding of powder cored solder on the workpiece solder side, make the purpose that reaches resistance brazing after the solder reflow by resistance heated again.
In the electric resistance welding process, the quality of material solderability depends on the contact resistance size of material to a great extent.And this class material of aluminium alloy, contact resistance is less, so the electric resistance welding solderability is relatively poor, has influenced in a large amount of raisings of using the welding quality of aluminum alloy materials industry such as automobiles.For soldering processes commonly used, arc brazing welding aluminum alloy for example, because the fusing point of solder and the fusing point of aluminium and aluminum alloy materials be more or less the same, thereby brazing quality also is difficult to control.These problems also affect the application of aluminium alloy in industrial production always.
The powder medium diffusion reaction resistance brazing method that the present invention proposes is compared with the soldering tech of existing use powder cored solder, has reduced the fritting operation of powder cored solder, forms welding point in the powder medium fusing.And, during for fear of electric resistance welding, this class material contact resistance of aluminium alloy is little, the shortcoming that solderability is relatively poor, the aluminium base powder medium layer of certain particle size evenly sprayed or be coated in surface of the work to be welded, utilize powder medium to contact with the partial points that surface of the work to be welded forms, both helped improving the welding initial stage contact resistance of workpiece welding surface, welding current density by workpiece contact-making surface to be welded when improving welding, help under the resistance heat effect, making the powder medium packed layer to melt fast again, and make the diffusion reaction that produces between mother metal and packed layer under the eutectic condition under electrode pressure effect and the pressurize effect thereof, thereby successfully realize welding.In sum, the solder technology that has above feature does not simultaneously see that at home and abroad report is arranged.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of easy enforcement, with acieral powder medium or zinc-aluminium powder brazing alloy medium powder medium diffusion reaction resistance brazing method as packed layer, make the welding initial stage contact resistance of the relatively poor metal material of solderability such as aluminium alloy obtain changing, under relative less current effect, improve welding current density by workpiece to be welded inside, and be aided with suitable electrode pressure, make the diffusion reaction that produces between the powder packed layer of mother metal and fusing under the eutectic condition, connect thereby form reliably.
To achieve these goals, the present invention takes following technical measures:
The powder medium diffusion reaction resistance brazing method of a kind of aluminium and aluminium alloy, carry out according to the following steps:
(1) acieral powder medium or zinc-aluminium powder medium are mixed with acetone soln;
(2) evenly spray or evenly apply described powder medium at the solder side of workpiece to be welded, between the solder side of workpiece to be welded, form the uniform powder medium packed layer of thickness;
(3) treat the acetone volatilization of powder medium packed layer after, clamping workpiece to be welded closely contacts the workpiece solder side to be welded of attaching powder medium between upper/lower electrode;
(4) apply electrode pressure and impact, and under impact force action, compress to be welded, make the fragmentation of matrix surface oxide-film, the effect that in the subsequent technique process, keep-ups pressure by the electrode pressure percussion.
(5) logical welding current, the heating effect that has a resistance makes the powder medium fusing form solder alloy, eutectic reaction takes place under pressure, and produce diffusion at weld interface;
(6) stop the welding current effect, keep the electrode pressure certain hour, cool off naturally to weldment;
(7) stop the electrode pressure effect, upper/lower electrode is removed, and finishes welding.
Described welding surroundings is to weld under the atmospheric environment, or inert gas such as argon shield welding down.
Described workpiece to be welded is sheet material or wire rod, and the welding point form mainly is a lap joint.
The resistance heat effect that is heated to be generation under the welding current effect of the described welder's for the treatment of part and powder medium packed layer, welding current are that single main welding current form or main welding current add auxiliary welding current form.
The described end face of welding electrode up and down is a sphere shape, in addition, also can adopt truncated cone.
In welding process, workpiece solder side to be welded melts on a small quantity or does not produce fusing, and powder medium produces eutectic reaction at material interface to be welded place, and relies on the diffusion between dissimilar metal, is forming eutectic at the interface, thereby realizes the reliable connection of material.
Innovation of the present invention is that applying of powder medium changed welding forming mechanism, improved the solderability of material.The powder medium diffusion reaction resistance brazing schematic diagram of aluminium alloy as shown in Figure 1, its welding forming mechanism is as shown in Figure 2.Because the graininess shape facility of powder medium 2, from microcosmic, between the powder particle and the contact area between powder particle and the workpiece to be welded 1 reduce greatly, thereby improved the welding initial stage contact resistance of material to be welded.On the other hand, also constituted some small relatively conductive channels between the powder particle, made in the welding process, under the prerequisite that does not improve the welding current absolute value, current density is greatly improved.Therefore, at the welding initial stage, applying of powder medium 2 improves the material contact resistance, thereby obtains to realize that material melts needed a large amount of resistance heat.Resistance heat between the interface makes powder medium packed layer 2 produce fusing, forms liquid phase 8 between linkage interface, and makes oxide-film 9 fragmentations at linkage interface place under the effect of electrode pressure 5.Because the sphere shape or the truncated cone shape of electrode end surface, broken oxide-film 9 flows to the edge of welding point according to melt relative current direction 10, the oxide-film amount in the welding point is reduced, thereby improves the quality of welding point.In the mid-term of welding, the electrode pressure 5 that upper/lower electrode 3,4 produces forces material interface contact to be welded good, and together is heated to more than the eutectic temperature with powder medium packed layer 2 under the continuation effect of welding current.Powder formulated medium packed layer 2 utilizes dissimilar metal to form the characteristics of eutectic, relies on intermetallic mutual diffusion, is forming eutectic at the interface, and as solder workpiece 1 to be welded is being linked together.In the later stage of welding, welding current fails, but continues to keep the effect of electrode pressure 5, to guarantee slowly to obtain reliable welding point in the cooling procedure.
The powder medium diffusion reaction resistance brazing method of the aluminium alloy that the present invention proposes can be realized the reliable welding of aluminium and aluminum alloy materials, is aluminium alloy is welded the abundant of processing method and replenishes, and has the following advantages and effect:
(1) powder medium and surface of the work to be welded form some somes contact interfaces, utilize the variation of the contact-making surface of powder particle and material to be welded to improve the welding initial stage contact resistance at material position to be welded, thereby improve the weldability of difficult wlding material.
(2) constitute some small relatively conductive channels between the powder particle, under the prerequisite that does not increase the welding current absolute value, the current density by material position to be welded is greatly improved, thereby obtain needed a large amount of resistance heats of welding initial stage.
(3) in the welding process, the a small amount of fusing of workpiece solder side to be welded or do not produce fusing, the powder medium packed layer is heated to more than the eutectic temperature under the resistance heat effect, eutectic reaction takes place on the interface form eutectic, relies on the diffusion between dissimilar metal to realize reliable the connection.
(4) utilize the oxide-film of the broken filling interface of effect of electrode pressure.
(5) utilize the squeezing action of sphere shape electrode, and under the convection action of molten solder, discharge broken oxide-film, thereby form reliable welding point.
(6) powder filled media prescription is flexible, can improve the metallurgical behavior of weld metal.
(7) welding of realization aluminium and aluminum alloy materials under atmospheric environment or under the inert gas shielding, face of weld need not special cleaning, the welding efficiency height, cost is low, and joint is reliable, has comparatively desirable engineering Practical significance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the powder medium diffusion reaction resistance brazing schematic diagram of aluminium alloy.
Fig. 2 is the Al alloy powder medium diffusion reaction resistance brazing forming mechanism schematic diagram of regional A among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are respectively the welding process flow schematic diagrames of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2.
Among the figure, the oxide-film of 1 Al alloy parts, 2 powder medium packed layers, 3 top electrodes, 4 bottom electrodes, 5 upper/lower electrode pressure, 6 welding currents, 7 sources of welding current, 8 liquid phases, 9 fragmentations, 10 liquid phases are to flow path direction;
F electrode pressure, I welding current, I
1Main welding current, I
2Auxiliary welding current, t
1Electrode pressure duration, t
2Welding current duration, t
3The auxiliary welding current duration.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
Embodiment 1: the clamping of material to be welded and welding process flow are the welding procedure of single main welding current form respectively as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 3.2024 Al alloy parts 1 are two overlap joints that thickness is the slab construction of 1mm.After aluminium base powder medium mixed with acetone, evenly be sprayed at the surface at Al alloy parts 1 position to be welded, form powder medium packed layer 2 by pressure sprayer.Setting main welding parameter is: welding current I=10000A, electrode pressure F=2350N, welding current duration t
2=2.0s.After treating the acetone volatilization of powder packed layer,, be clamped between the upper/lower electrode 3,4 flat panel workpieces overlap joint to be welded.Apply electrode pressure F, make workpiece pressing to be welded tight.Keep the effect of electrode pressure F, apply welding current I, the duration is 2.0s.After the welding current effect finishes, keep electrode pressure F certain hour, to the welding end.Remove upper/lower electrode 3,4, take off workpiece.
Embodiment 2: the clamping of material to be welded and welding process flow are the welding procedure that main welding current adds auxiliary welding current form respectively as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 4.Compare with technological process shown in Figure 3, Fig. 4 technological process is at main welding current I
1Increased auxiliary welding current I afterwards
2, make the welding point packed layer keep the higher temperature certain hour, to help the carrying out of diffusion between dissimilar metal.2024 Al alloy parts 1 are two overlap joints that thickness is the slab construction of 1mm.After aluminium base powder medium mixed with acetone, evenly be sprayed at the surface at workpiece 1 position to be welded, form packed layer 2 by pressure sprayer.Setting main welding parameter is: main welding current I
1=10000A, auxiliary welding current I
2=8000A, electrode pressure F=2350N, main welding current duration t
2=2.0s, auxiliary welding current duration t3=1.5s.After treating the acetone volatilization of powder packed layer,, be clamped between the upper/lower electrode 3,4 flat panel workpieces overlap joint to be welded.Apply electrode pressure F, make workpiece pressing to be welded tight.Keep the effect of electrode pressure F, apply main welding current I
1, the duration is 2.0s.Main welding current I
1After effect finishes, auxiliary welding current I
2Generation effect immediately, the duration is 1.5s.After the welding current effect finishes, keep electrode pressure F certain hour, to the welding end.Remove upper/lower electrode 3,4, take off workpiece.
Claims (5)
1. the powder medium diffusion reaction resistance brazing method of aluminium and aluminum alloy materials is characterized in that this welding method may further comprise the steps:
(1) acieral powder medium or zinc-aluminium powder medium are mixed with acetone soln;
(2) on the solder side of workpiece to be welded, evenly spray or evenly apply described powder medium, between the solder side of workpiece to be welded, form the uniform powder medium packed layer of thickness;
(3) treat the acetone volatilization of powder medium packed layer after, clamping workpiece to be welded closely contacts the workpiece solder side to be welded of attaching powder medium between upper/lower electrode;
(4) apply electrode pressure and impact, and under impact force action, compress to be welded, make the fragmentation of matrix surface oxide-film by the electrode pressure percussion, and the effect that in the subsequent technique process, keep-ups pressure;
(5) logical welding current, the heating effect that has a resistance makes the powder medium fusing form solder alloy, eutectic reaction takes place under pressure, and produce diffusion at weld interface;
(6) stop the welding current effect, keep electrode pressure, cool off naturally to weldment;
(7) stop the electrode pressure effect, remove upper/lower electrode, finish welding.
2. the powder medium diffusion reaction resistance brazing method of aluminium according to claim 1 and aluminum alloy materials is characterized in that: described workpiece to be welded is directly welding under atmospheric environment, or realizes welding under logical inert gas shielding.
3. the powder medium diffusion reaction resistance brazing method of aluminium according to claim 1 and aluminum alloy materials is characterized in that: described workpiece to be welded is sheet material or wire rod.
4. the powder medium diffusion reaction resistance brazing method of aluminium according to claim 1 and aluminum alloy materials, it is characterized in that: treat the resistance heat effect that produces under the welding current effect that is heated to be of welder's part and powder medium packed layer, welding current is that single main welding current form or main welding current add auxiliary welding current form.
5. the powder medium diffusion reaction resistance brazing method of aluminium according to claim 1 and aluminum alloy materials is characterized in that: the described end face of welding electrode up and down is sphere shape or truncated cone.
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102275046A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2011-12-14 | 重庆理工大学 | Resistance brazing method for zinc-coated steel plate |
| CN104002004A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-08-27 | 镇江四洋特种金属材料制造有限公司 | Thick metal plate large-area butt joint braze welding method |
| CN104668688A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-06-03 | 湘潭电机股份有限公司 | Vacuum resistive brazing method for lap piece |
| US20160008912A1 (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-01-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Current schedule for optimized reaction metallurgical joining |
| CN105312745A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-02-10 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Reaction material pre-placement for reaction metallurgical joining |
| CN106881530A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-23 | 镇江海姆霍兹传热传动***有限公司 | Spraying red copper layer welding method |
| CN108422057A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-21 | 兰州理工大学 | A kind of ultrasonic wave added D.C. resistance brazed aluminum alloy method |
| CN110539046A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-12-06 | 江苏中车电机有限公司 | Large-area lap joint resistance brazing method for copper or copper alloy thick plate |
| CN110722260A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Aluminum alloy diffusion connection method for spraying aluminum powder additive on interface |
| CN111482686A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-04 | 西安工业大学 | Metal welding method |
| CN111558770A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-21 | 苏州大图热控科技有限公司 | Instantaneous liquid phase diffusion welding method for aluminum plate |
| CN113714937A (en) * | 2021-09-11 | 2021-11-30 | 安徽军明机械制造有限公司 | Treatment process for reducing burr production in resistance welding process of steel member |
| CN113802021A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-17 | 湖南烁科热工智能装备有限公司 | Equipment for continuously preparing high-silicon aluminum alloy in grading pressure infiltration manner |
| CN114453692A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2022-05-10 | 张耀豪 | Magnesium alloy brazing method |
| CN115446410A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-09 | 北京经纬恒润科技股份有限公司 | Welding method |
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| CN105798411B (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2019-02-15 | 兰州理工大学 | The compound docking method for welding of aluminium alloy ultrasound resistance |
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Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102275046A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2011-12-14 | 重庆理工大学 | Resistance brazing method for zinc-coated steel plate |
| CN104002004B (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2016-09-28 | 镇江四洋特种金属材料制造有限公司 | A kind of thick sheet metal large area docking method for welding |
| CN104002004A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-08-27 | 镇江四洋特种金属材料制造有限公司 | Thick metal plate large-area butt joint braze welding method |
| CN105312745B (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2018-12-11 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Reaction material for reacting metallurgy connection is preset |
| CN105269161A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-01-27 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Current schedule for optimized reaction metallurgical joining |
| CN105312745A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-02-10 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Reaction material pre-placement for reaction metallurgical joining |
| US20160008912A1 (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-01-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Current schedule for optimized reaction metallurgical joining |
| US10240222B2 (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2019-03-26 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Current schedule for optimized reaction metallurgical joining |
| CN104668688A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-06-03 | 湘潭电机股份有限公司 | Vacuum resistive brazing method for lap piece |
| CN106881530A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-23 | 镇江海姆霍兹传热传动***有限公司 | Spraying red copper layer welding method |
| CN106881530B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2018-11-02 | 镇江海姆霍兹传热传动***有限公司 | Spray red copper layer welding method |
| CN108422057A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-21 | 兰州理工大学 | A kind of ultrasonic wave added D.C. resistance brazed aluminum alloy method |
| CN110539046A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-12-06 | 江苏中车电机有限公司 | Large-area lap joint resistance brazing method for copper or copper alloy thick plate |
| CN110722260A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Aluminum alloy diffusion connection method for spraying aluminum powder additive on interface |
| CN111482686A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-04 | 西安工业大学 | Metal welding method |
| CN111558770A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-21 | 苏州大图热控科技有限公司 | Instantaneous liquid phase diffusion welding method for aluminum plate |
| CN114453692A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2022-05-10 | 张耀豪 | Magnesium alloy brazing method |
| CN113802021A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-17 | 湖南烁科热工智能装备有限公司 | Equipment for continuously preparing high-silicon aluminum alloy in grading pressure infiltration manner |
| CN113714937A (en) * | 2021-09-11 | 2021-11-30 | 安徽军明机械制造有限公司 | Treatment process for reducing burr production in resistance welding process of steel member |
| CN115446410A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-09 | 北京经纬恒润科技股份有限公司 | Welding method |
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