CN101841018A - Single crystal lithium manganese oxide for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Single crystal lithium manganese oxide for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN101841018A
CN101841018A CN201010205239A CN201010205239A CN101841018A CN 101841018 A CN101841018 A CN 101841018A CN 201010205239 A CN201010205239 A CN 201010205239A CN 201010205239 A CN201010205239 A CN 201010205239A CN 101841018 A CN101841018 A CN 101841018A
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single crystal
manganese oxide
sintering
lithium manganese
crystal grain
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CN101841018B (en
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唐朝辉
王志兴
彭文杰
袁荣忠
蒋湘康
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BASF Shanshan Battery Materials Co Ltd
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HUNAN SHANSHAN NEW MATERIAL CO Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a single crystal lithium manganese oxide for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. The single crystal lithium manganese oxide is a pure spinel prepared by doping at least three elements of Li, M1 and M2 with a chemical formula of Li(Mn2-x-y-zLixM1yM2z)O4, the specific surface area thereof is 0.2-0.6m<2>/g, and the tap density thereof is 1.5-2.5g/cm<3>; and in the chemical formula, M1 and M2 are respectively one element of Fe, Co, Al, Ca, Mg, Ti, Cr, Ni and Y, wherein 0.05<=x<=0.15, 0.01<=y<=0.1, and 0.01<=z<=0.1. The invention can eliminate oxygen defects caused in the high temperature sintering process, has low specific surface area of single crystal particles, inhibits Mn from dissolving better, has excellent multiplying power property and normal temperature and high temperature circulation performance, and can satisfy use requirements of power vehicles even electric vehicles; 10C/1C ratio thereof is over 95%, and the service life thereof is at least 5 years; and the invention can be applied to lithium ion batteries used in the fields of cellphones, electric tools, electric motor cars, electric vehicles and the like.

Description

Single crystal lithium manganese oxide for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of anode material for lithium ion battery; A kind of single crystal lithium manganese oxide for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof specifically.
Background technology
Being used for the electric automobile anode material for lithium ion battery at present mainly is with monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide and LiFePO4.LiFePO4 good cycle wherein, but poorly conductive, synthesis technique stability is bad, is difficult to realize stabilization of industry production; Though the monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide can be used for positive electrode, spinel-type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2O 4) there is the John-Teller effect in material, easily recurring structure distortion causes rapid decay in charge and discharge process, and particularly under the service condition of higher temperature, capacity attenuation is more outstanding.
The PCT patent 200880000855.7 of Nippon Mining and Metals Co., Ltd's application discloses use general formula Li 1+xMn 2-yM yO 4(M is the element more than a kind that is selected among Al, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cu, Ba, W and the Pb, 0.1≤x≤0.2,0.06≤y≤0.3), phase I 350～700 ℃ of constant temperature 3～9 hours, 1～5 hour mode of 800～1000 ℃ of constant temperature of second stage, two sections continuous constant temperatures synthesize product D 50Be that specific area is at 1.0～2.0m between 6～9um 2Between/the g, tap density is at 0.5-1.0g/cm 3Between.
200810016180.7 of Qingdao LNCM Co., Ltd.'s application discloses a kind of micron order mono-crystalline structures modification positive spinel monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide LiMn 2-zM zO 40≤z≤0.5 and preparation method thereof, be that composite oxides with manganese and modified metal M are the preparation raw material, 400～1200 ℃ of heat treatments were synthesized in 1～48 hour, and the porous aggregate that these composite oxides are made up of nano microcrystalline, this aggregate average-size is between the 5-20 micron, and the composite oxide power specific area is greater than 20m 2/ g (BET method mensuration); The modification monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide material of preparation is made up of micron order regular octahedron monocrystalline basically, and the single crystal grain average-size is between the 5-20 micron, and specific area is less than 0.5m 2/ g.
High temperature sintering very easily brings oxygen defect in the crystal structure in the spinel-type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide material building-up process, the problem of decline of generation capacity and cycle performance variation, with two sections continuous constant temperature synthesis techniques of first low temperature, back high temperature, and one section high temperature sintering in the patent 200810016180.7 all is easy to generate this problem in the patent 200880000855.7.The present invention uses first section high temperature sintering to form desirable single crystal grain, and the metal oxide of doping enters crystal structure smoothly; Second section with process annealing then, eliminates oxygen defect, makes the product perfect crystalline.
Low specific surface area is the index that spinel-type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide material is all pursued always, be subjected to himself structural limitations, material surface contacts with electrolyte in the cyclic process, easily recurring structure collapses and the disproportionated reaction of manganic ion, make the cycle performance variation, cause using difficulty and strengthen, and lower specific area can be beneficial to the raising of cycle performance in electric automobiles; When tap density was higher, the amount of material was also more in the unit volume, and packing, transportation aspect all more have superiority.The D that mentions in the patent 200880000855.7 50Be that specific area is at 1.0～2.0m between 6～9um 2Between/the g, tap density is at 0.5-1.0g/cm 3Between, by the control of this particle size range, exist the too high and vibration density of specific area to spend low shortcoming.Synthetic material controllable specific surface area of the present invention is built in 0.2～0.6m 2Between/the g, tap density is at 1.5-2.5g/cm 3Between, have the better application prospect.
In addition, the dissolving situation that an important indicator judging spinel-type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide quality of materials is Mn, battery is in charge and discharge process, some side reactions can take place in electrolyte accordingly, produce the hydrofluoric acid (HF) of trace, HF can with LiMn 2O 4Material reacts, produce inactive monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide, cause generation and the stripping of irreversible Mn, reduce the charge/discharge capacity and the electric performance stablity of material, solving the manganese problems of dissolution also is the problem that exploitation monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide material must face, and above two patents are not all mentioned the inhibitory action that Mn is dissolved and solved.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, a kind of single crystal lithium manganese oxide for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof is provided.Its high temperature circulation and multiplying power cycle performance excellence when being used for anode material for lithium ion battery with realization; Can eliminate the oxygen defect that brings in the high-temperature sintering process; Can effectively suppress the Mn dissolving.
Monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide of the present invention is that chemical formula is Li (Mn 2-x-y-zLi xM1 yM2 z) O 4The pure spinel-type of at least three kinds of element dopings of Li, M1, M2; Its specific area is 0.2～0.6m 2/ g; Tap density is 1.5～2.5g/cm 3Between; M1 in the formula and M2 are that any one element among Fe, Co, Al, Ca, Mg, Ti, Cr, Ni, the Y is formed; 0.05≤x in the formula≤0.15,0.01≤y≤0.1,0.01≤z≤0.1).
The preparation method of monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide may further comprise the steps:
(1) with raw material electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) and lithium carbonate (Li 2CO 3), and a kind of among the oxide of doping metals M1, M2: Fe, Co, Al, Ca, Mg, Ti, Cr, Ni or the Y.More than; By molecular formula Li (Mn 2-x-y-zLi xM1 yM2 z) O 4Mixed 1-5 hour 0.05 the ratio of≤x≤0.15,0.01≤y≤0.1,0.01≤z≤0.1 joins in the mixing tank, mix;
(2) first sections sintering: in sintering temperature is 800-1200 ℃, constant temperature sintering 5-20 hour; Make alloy enter lattice, form single crystal grain, reduce the specific area of monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide material through the high temperature mode;
(3) will carry out powder handling through the single crystal grain ball mill crushing of first section sintering, sieve, obtain the single crystal grain that granularity is the 3-15 micron through the 100-300 order;
(4) second sections sintering: in temperature is 400-800 ℃, constant temperature sintering 5-20 hour; The process annealing that is used for material is eliminated issuable oxygen defect in first section sintering process, makes its complete crystallization, obtains the spinel-type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide LiMn of complete in crystal formation 2O 4
(5) the single crystal grain ball mill crushing behind sintering is carried out powder handling, sieve, obtain D50 and be 6～12 microns single crystal grain through the 200-400 order.
Advantage of the present invention: at least three kinds of element dopings that adopt Li, M1, M2; Can eliminate the oxygen defect that brings in the high-temperature sintering process; Its single crystal grain, specific area is low, can better suppress the dissolving of Mn; Its high rate performance excellence, 10C/1C ratio can reach more than 95%, and the 20C/1C ratio can reach more than 90%.The structure of its monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide material in the charge and discharge cycles process is more stable, normal-temperature circulating performance and high temperature cyclic performance excellence, and its 25 ℃ of normal temperature 1000 all capability retentions that circulate can reach more than 80%; Its 50 ℃ of high temperature circulation, 500 all capability retentions can reach more than 75%; The excellence of this normal-temperature circulating performance and high temperature cyclic performance can satisfy the demand that power is used even electric automobile uses; Its long service life can guarantee that reach more than 5 years the useful life of battery at least.Can mix use by a certain percentage with other lithium ion cell anode material lithium cobaltate, ternary material etc., also can use separately.On the lithium ion battery that can be used for using in fields such as mobile phone, electric tool, battery-operated motor cycle, electric automobile.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synthetic spinel type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide LiMn of embodiment 1 2O 4XRD figure spectrum;
Fig. 2 is embodiment 1 synthetic spinel type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide LiMn 2O 4The SEM collection of illustrative plates;
Fig. 3 is embodiment 1 synthetic spinel type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide LiMn 2O 4Normal temperature (25 ℃) loop attenuation collection of illustrative plates;
Fig. 4 is embodiment 1 synthetic spinel type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide LiMn 2O 4High temperature (50 ℃) loop attenuation collection of illustrative plates;
Fig. 5 is embodiment 1 synthetic spinel type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide LiMn 2O 4The multiplying power test curve;
Fig. 6 is the synthetic spinel type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide LiMn of embodiment 2 2O 4XRD figure spectrum;
Fig. 7 is the synthetic spinel type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide LiMn of embodiment 3 2O 4XRD figure spectrum.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
(1) presses Li (Mn 1.8Li 0.1Co 0.05Mg 0.05) O 4Design is with the lithium carbonate (Li of 10 kilograms of raw material electrolytic manganese dioxides (EMD) and corresponding weight 2CO 3), blended metal oxide Co 2O 3And MgO joins in the mixing tank and to mix 1-5 hour, mixes;
(2) first sections sintering: in sintering temperature is 1150 ℃, constant temperature sintering 5 hours; Make alloy enter lattice, form single crystal grain, reduce the specific area of monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide material through the high temperature mode;
(3) will carry out powder handling through the single crystal grain ball mill crushing of first section sintering, sieve, obtain the single crystal grain that D50 is the 3-15 micron through 200 orders;
(4) second sections sintering: in temperature is 600 ℃, constant temperature sintering 15 hours; The process annealing that is used for material is eliminated issuable oxygen defect in first section sintering process, makes its complete crystallization, obtains the spinel-type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide LiMn of complete in crystal formation 2O 4
(5) the single crystal grain ball mill crushing behind sintering is carried out powder handling, sieve, obtain D50 and be 6～12 microns single crystal grain through 300 orders.
Ma Erwen 2000 particle size analyzers carry out testing graininess, and it is between 6～12 microns that synthetic product controllable granularity accumulative total volume distributed median in particle size distribution reaches 50% D50.In addition, specific area is at 0.2～0.6m 2Low number range between the/g, tap density is at 1.5～2.5g/cm 3Between.
The spinel-type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide LiMn that embodiment 1 is synthetic 2O 4The XRD figure spectrum of having carried out, its result shows that synthetic product is pure spinel-type LiMn as shown in Figure 1 2O 4Material.Embodiment 1 synthetic spinel-type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide has been carried out ESEM (SEM) test, and its result as shown in Figure 2.One time the single crystal grain size mainly is distributed between 2～15 microns, and the formation of single crystal grain effectively reduces the specific area of material, has reduced material and electrolyte contact-making surface in the lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 1 synthetic spinel-type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide is used for 063048 model box hat battery, synthetic spinel-type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide is carried out the electrical property assessment, negative pole use that Shanghai China fir China fir new material Co., Ltd produces Delanium YT7, the LD-124 that electrolyte uses Dongguan China fir China fir new material Co., Ltd to produce.At first in the ratio of monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide: SP (conductive carbon black): PVDF (binding agent): NMP (organic solvent)=94:2:4 with mixing of materials, then it is uniformly coated on the Al paper tinsel collector, make positive plate after drying, the section, the negative plate collector uses Copper Foil, battery process before carrying out the cycle performance assessment changes into and activation procedure, so that the activity of battery is given full play to.The battery design capacity is 500mAh, discharges and recharges assessment and all carries out with 1C, and selecting temperature is 25 ℃ of normal temperature tests, 50 ℃ of high temperature tests.
The charge and discharge cycles of battery decay collection of illustrative plates as shown in Figure 3 under its normal temperature (25 ℃) loop attenuation collection of illustrative plates normal temperature; The result shows: circulation early stage, decling phase was to comparatively fast, along with cycle-index increases, the amplitude of decay descends gradually, its 500 times and 1000 circulation volume conservation rates can reach 87.8% and 81.7% respectively, by electric tool and the power vehicle frequency computation part that discharges and recharges with battery, 1000 circulations can guarantee that reach more than 5 years the useful life of battery at least.Fig. 4 is the charge and discharge cycles decay collection of illustrative plates of battery under the high temperature, 300 circulation back capability retentions are 84.7%, near 85%, 500 circulation volume conservation rates 76.4%, greater than 75%, the circulation weekly of 500 circulations all decays and is lower than 0.05%, can satisfy when causing battery temperature to raise because of reasons such as machinery heating or weather, still keeps better cycle performance.
Its charging and discharging curve is the ratio benchmark with 1C as shown in Figure 5, and the 2C/1C ratio is 99%, and the 10C/1C ratio reaches 95.5%, and the 20C/1C ratio reaches 90.8%, the high-rate discharge ability excellence.Concrete data see Table 1.Lithium ion battery, is had relatively high expectations to high rate performance when using as power fields such as electric automobiles with spinel-type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide anode material.The monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide material that the present invention synthesizes still can reach more than 90% with the relative ratios of 1C under the high magnification of 20C, shows excellent high rate performance.
Table 1 synthetic spinel type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide LiMn 2O 4The multiplying power test data
Figure 967632DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The present invention has carried out the Mn dissolving test of simulated battery system behind 85 ℃ of baking 18h to synthetic monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide material, under this test condition, the stripping quantity of Mn is in 0.001～0.002% scope, and other commercial Mn stripping quantity that uses common low-grade specification monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide differs about 10 times up to 0.01～0.02% on year-on-year basis.
The present invention is according to theory analysis and checking; from control of material specific area and doping system two aspects the material synthesis technique has been carried out preferably; lower specific area inhibition material contacts with electrolyte; alloy enters lattice; and form the oxide layer of finite concentration gradient on the surface, effectively protected contacting of material and electrolyte.
Embodiment 2:
Press Li (Mn 1.82Li 0.15Al 0.015Cr 0.015) O 4Design is with the lithium carbonate (Li of raw material electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) 10kg and corresponding weight 2CO 3), blended metal oxide Al 2O 3And Cr 2O 3, 950 ℃ of one-stage sinterings, constant temperature sintering 8 hours; 700 ℃ of bis sinterings, constant temperature sintering 12 hours, other synthesis condition is identical with embodiment 1.
The XRD of synthetic product and SEM figure shown in Fig. 6,7, have complete crystal formation and desirable single crystal grain respectively.
Embodiment 3:
Press Li (Mn 1.84Li 0.06Fe 0.05Ti 0.05) O 4Design is with the lithium carbonate (Li of raw material electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) 10kg and corresponding weight 2CO 3), blended metal oxide Fe 2O 3And TiO 2, 800 ℃ of one-stage sinterings, constant temperature sintering 10 hours; 800 ℃ of bis sinterings, constant temperature sintering 10 hours, other synthesis condition is identical with embodiment 1.
Shown in Fig. 8,9, the product complete in crystal formation possesses single crystal grain simultaneously respectively for the XRD of synthetic product and SEM figure.
Embodiment 4-11:
According to preparation method of the present invention, with different condition (other is with embodiment 1) in the table 2, synthetic a series of spinel-type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide Li (Mn 2-x-y-zLi xM1 yM2 z) O 4Positive electrode active materials.
The monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide that table 2 different condition is synthetic

Claims (2)

1. a single crystal lithium manganese oxide for lithium ion battery is characterized in that, is that chemical formula is Li (Mn 2-x-y-zLi xM1 yM2 z) O 4The pure spinel-type of at least three kinds of element dopings of Li, M1, M2; Its specific area is 0.2～0.6m 2/ g; Tap density is 1.5～2.5g/cm 3Between; M1 in the formula and M2 are that any one element among Fe, Co, Al, Ca, Mg, Ti, Cr, Ni, the Y is formed; 0.05≤x in the formula≤0.15,0.01≤y≤0.1,0.01≤z≤0.1).
2. the preparation method of the described single crystal lithium manganese oxide for lithium ion battery of claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) with raw material electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) and lithium carbonate (Li 2CO 3), and a kind of among the oxide of doping metals M1, M2: Fe, Co, Al, Ca, Mg, Ti, Cr, Ni or the Y, by molecular formula Li (Mn 2-x-y-zLi xM1 yM2 z) O 4Mixed 1-5 hour 0.05 the ratio of≤x≤0.15,0.01≤y≤0.1,0.01≤z≤0.1 joins in the mixing tank, mix;
(2) first sections sintering: in sintering temperature is 800-1200 ℃, constant temperature sintering 5-20 hour; Make alloy enter lattice, form single crystal grain, reduce the specific area of monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide material through the high temperature mode;
(3) will carry out powder handling through the single crystal grain ball mill crushing of first section sintering, sieve, obtain the single crystal grain that granularity is the 3-15 micron through the 100-300 order;
(4) second sections sintering: in temperature is 400-800 ℃, constant temperature sintering 5-20 hour; The process annealing that is used for material is eliminated issuable oxygen defect in first section sintering process, makes its complete crystallization, obtains the spinel-type monocrystalline lithium manganese oxide LiMn of complete in crystal formation 2O 4
(5) the single crystal grain ball mill crushing behind the sintering is carried out powder handling, sieve, obtain D50 and be 6～12 microns single crystal grain through the 200-400 order.
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Cited By (11)

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CN103035904A (en) * 2012-12-21 2013-04-10 浙江工业大学 Modified lithium manganate material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN103682308A (en) * 2013-11-28 2014-03-26 东北大学 Method for preparing lithium-ion battery material LiNi<0.5>Mn<1.5-x>Ca<x>O<4>
CN104241640A (en) * 2014-10-10 2014-12-24 国家电网公司 Lithium nickel-cobalt-aluminum positive electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN109420551A (en) * 2017-08-22 2019-03-05 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 Positive electrode and preparation method thereof, the battery comprising the positive electrode
CN111485278A (en) * 2020-03-29 2020-08-04 桂林理工大学 Solid-phase reaction synthesis method of electrode active material single crystal
CN111509219A (en) * 2020-04-13 2020-08-07 江门市科恒实业股份有限公司 Lithium manganate battery material and preparation method thereof
CN111682170A (en) * 2020-05-20 2020-09-18 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Single crystal ternary cathode material and preparation method and application thereof
CN112086617A (en) * 2020-09-03 2020-12-15 星恒电源(滁州)有限公司 High-lithium-ion-conductivity positive plate and preparation method thereof
CN112993241A (en) * 2021-04-02 2021-06-18 中南大学 Preparation method of single-crystal lithium manganate material
CN113582256A (en) * 2021-09-28 2021-11-02 金驰能源材料有限公司 High-nickel single crystal positive electrode material, precursor thereof and preparation method of precursor
WO2024050758A1 (en) * 2022-09-08 2024-03-14 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Lithium-containing nickel-manganese composite oxide, preparation method therefor, and positive pole piece, secondary battery and electric device comprising same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103035904A (en) * 2012-12-21 2013-04-10 浙江工业大学 Modified lithium manganate material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN103682308A (en) * 2013-11-28 2014-03-26 东北大学 Method for preparing lithium-ion battery material LiNi<0.5>Mn<1.5-x>Ca<x>O<4>
CN104241640A (en) * 2014-10-10 2014-12-24 国家电网公司 Lithium nickel-cobalt-aluminum positive electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN109420551A (en) * 2017-08-22 2019-03-05 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 Positive electrode and preparation method thereof, the battery comprising the positive electrode
CN111485278A (en) * 2020-03-29 2020-08-04 桂林理工大学 Solid-phase reaction synthesis method of electrode active material single crystal
CN111509219B (en) * 2020-04-13 2022-04-15 江门市科恒实业股份有限公司 Lithium manganate battery material and preparation method thereof
CN111509219A (en) * 2020-04-13 2020-08-07 江门市科恒实业股份有限公司 Lithium manganate battery material and preparation method thereof
CN111682170A (en) * 2020-05-20 2020-09-18 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Single crystal ternary cathode material and preparation method and application thereof
CN112086617A (en) * 2020-09-03 2020-12-15 星恒电源(滁州)有限公司 High-lithium-ion-conductivity positive plate and preparation method thereof
CN112993241A (en) * 2021-04-02 2021-06-18 中南大学 Preparation method of single-crystal lithium manganate material
CN112993241B (en) * 2021-04-02 2022-06-10 中南大学 Preparation method of single-crystal lithium manganate material
CN113582256A (en) * 2021-09-28 2021-11-02 金驰能源材料有限公司 High-nickel single crystal positive electrode material, precursor thereof and preparation method of precursor
WO2024050758A1 (en) * 2022-09-08 2024-03-14 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Lithium-containing nickel-manganese composite oxide, preparation method therefor, and positive pole piece, secondary battery and electric device comprising same

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