CN101834329B - 一种小型化隔离器 - Google Patents

一种小型化隔离器 Download PDF

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CN101834329B
CN101834329B CN 201010171110 CN201010171110A CN101834329B CN 101834329 B CN101834329 B CN 101834329B CN 201010171110 CN201010171110 CN 201010171110 CN 201010171110 A CN201010171110 A CN 201010171110A CN 101834329 B CN101834329 B CN 101834329B
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崔庆生
郑国敏
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Xi'an Leixun Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Xian Leixun Science & Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种小型化隔离器,包括一个端口上接有负载的三端口环形器,三端口环形器包括外部腔体、石榴石盘、安装在石榴石盘上且含有偏置磁场的合金永磁材料钐钴以及布设在合金永磁材料钐钴和所述石榴石盘之间的Y形中心导体;三端口环形器的等效电路为三个分别接在三端口环形器的三个端口上且均由电感L和电容C组成的LC阻抗匹配电路,三端口环形器的三个端口上分别接有一个由电感Li和电容Ci并联组成的LC并联谐振电路且三个LC并联谐振电路的阻抗分别与三个LC阻抗匹配电路的阻抗相抵消。本发明结构简单、体积小、加工制作方便、非常适合批量生产且设计新颖合理、使用效果好,大幅度小型化隔离器的同时,能保证隔离器有足够带宽。

Description

一种小型化隔离器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用于移动电话等通讯器材上的隔离器,尤其是涉及一种小型化隔离器。
背景技术
随着移动电话的小型化发展趋势,其重量和厚度的减小均越来越快,由此引起移动电话内部所使用隔离器的小型化也大有加速之势。国外5mm见方的隔离器已得到广泛应用,而4mm、3.5mm甚至3.0mm见方的隔离器也已经开始出现。同时,实际加工制造过程中不仅隔离器设计师关注隔离器的小型化,移动电话设计师也很重视。可是众所周知隔离器的小型化必然影响带宽,因而隔离器的小型化与带宽宽度不能同时兼备,很难将两者同时进行改善。
集总参数隔离器是在三端口环形器的其中一个端口上加匹配负载而组成的,上述三端口环行器的基本结构是一个石榴石盘上加装合金永磁材料钐钴(SmCo)偏置,并且合金永磁材料钐钴(SmCo)偏置中覆盖着三个彼此各成120度的Y形中心导体。为了获得一个小尺寸的隔离器,每一个构成元素:石榴石、合金永磁材料钐钴(SmCo)和电容都得小型化。一个带并行LC谐振电路的理想环行器相当于一个低通滤波器
Figure GSA00000120353500011
那么传输特性的带宽随着电感量的越来越小将变得很窄,因而电感量L也正比于石榴石的尺寸。因此如果减小石榴石盘的尺寸,则电感量L随之减小,带宽也相应地降低。
综上,如何在减小石榴石盘与合金永磁材料钐钴(SmCo)尺寸的同时,保证隔离器的带宽不随之降低,这正是目前隔离器小型化设计面临的一大难题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术中的不足,提供一种小型化隔离器,其结构简单、体积小、加工制作方便、非常适合批量生产且设计新颖合理、使用效果好,在大幅度小型化隔离器的同时,能保证隔离器有足够的带宽。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种小型化隔离器,包括一个端口上接有负载的三端口环形器,所述三端口环形器包括外部腔体、石榴石盘、由钐钴永磁材料合金制成且含有偏置磁场的钐钴永磁体以及布设在所述钐钴永磁体和所述石榴石盘之间的Y形中心导体,所述石榴石盘、Y形中心导体和所述钐钴永磁体由下至上封装在所述外部腔体内,所述钐钴永磁体安装在所述石榴石盘上,其特征在于:所述三端口环形器的等效电路包括三个分别接在三端口环形器的三个端口上且均由电感L和电容C组成的LC阻抗匹配电路,且所述三端口环形器的三个端口上分别接有一个由电感Li和电容Ci并联组成的LC并联谐振电路,三个所述LC并联谐振电路的阻抗分别为三个所述LC阻抗匹配电路阻抗的共轭匹配阻抗,其中Li=μK,μ为所述石榴石盘的磁导率,且K为所述石榴石盘的空芯电感;所述LC阻抗匹配电路中的电感L2=(Z/ω)2(Z0/Z-1),电容C2=(1/ωZ0)2(Z0/Z-1),其中ω=2πf0,f0为所述LC并联谐振电路的谐振频率,Z和Z0分别为所述LC阻抗匹配电路的输入阻抗和输出阻抗。
所述Y形中心导体通过沉淀工艺蚀刻在所述石榴石盘上。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1、结构简单、体积小且加工制作方便,能实现全自动化生产线,免于人工干预,极大地降低了成本,加快了批量生产的速度,交货周期也大大缩短。
2、设计新颖合理且使用效果非常好,增加LC阻抗匹配电路,将足够的电容量放进封装在外部腔体中,即使石榴石盘的尺寸减少1/10,也可以保证隔离器有足够的带宽(甚至在减少石榴石体积到十分之一的情况下,通过增加LC阻抗匹配电路的匹配电路即LC并联谐振电路增加13%的带宽),从而实现隔离器的小型化。
3、实用价值高,推广应用前景广泛。
综上所述,本发明结构简单、体积小、加工制作方便、非常适合批量生产且设计新颖合理、使用效果好,在大幅度小型化隔离器的同时,能保证隔离器有足够的带宽。
下面通过附图和实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
附图说明
图1为本发明的等效电路图。
图2为本发明LC阻抗匹配电路中的电感L和电容C在谐振频率f0处的分布关系图。
图3为本发明未带匹配电路时模拟得到的石榴石盘尺寸减少与带宽的展宽效果图。
图4为本发明带匹配电路时模拟得到的石榴石盘尺寸减少与带宽的展宽效果图。
图5为本发明通过模拟电路获得的石榴石盘尺寸减少与带宽改变的关系图。
图6为本发明电容C和Ci与Z/Z0在f0处的关系图。
图7为本发明LC阻抗匹配电路的电路原理图。
附图标记说明:
1-三端口环形器。
具体实施方式
如图1及图7所示,本发明,包括一个端口上接有负载的三端口环形器1,所述三端口环形器1包括外部腔体、石榴石盘、由钐钴永磁材料合金制成且含有偏置磁场的钐钴永磁体(SmCo)以及布设在所述钐钴永磁体和所述石榴石盘之间的Y形中心导体,所述石榴石盘、Y形中心导体和所述钐钴永磁体由下至上封装在所述外部腔体内,所述钐钴永磁体安装在所述石榴石盘上。所述三端口环形器1的等效电路包括三个分别接在三端口环形器1的三个端口上且均由电感L和电容C组成的LC阻抗匹配电路,且所述三端口环形器1的三个端口上分别接有一个由电感Li和电容Ci并联组成的LC并联谐振电路;三个所述LC并联谐振电路的阻抗分别为三个所述LC阻抗匹配电路阻抗的共轭匹配阻抗,其中Li=μK,μ为所述石榴石盘的磁导率,且K为所述石榴石盘的空芯电感;所述LC阻抗匹配电路中的电感L2=(Z/ω)2(Z0/Z-1),电容C 2=(1/ωZ0)2(Z0/Z-1),其中ω=2πf0,f0为所述LC并联谐振电路的谐振频率,Z和Z0分别为所述LC阻抗匹配电路的输入阻抗和输出阻抗。具体而言:三个所述LC阻抗匹配电路包括三个分别串接在三端口环形器1三个端口上的电感L和三个一端分别与三个电感L相接且另一端均接地的电容C,三端口环形器1的三个端口分别经电感L后输出且其输出端经电容C后接地。三个所述LC阻抗匹配电路中的电容C和电感L的数值对应均相同,三个所述LC并联谐振电路中的电感Li和电容Ci的数值对应均相同。三个所述LC并联谐振电路的一端分别与三端口环形器1的三个端口相接,且其另一端均接地。因而,若三端口环形器1工作在谐振频率f0处时,由于三个所述LC并联谐振电路的阻抗分别与三个所述LC阻抗匹配电路的阻抗彼此相抵消(具体是阻抗的虚部相互抵消),因而能够有效展宽三端口环形器1的频带。
本实施例中,所述Y形中心导体通过沉淀工艺蚀刻在所述石榴石盘上。就整个等效电路来说,Z和Z0均为所述LC阻抗匹配电路的所接负载额等效输出阻抗即所述LC阻抗匹配电路的特性阻抗。
首先,对所述LC阻抗匹配电路进行分析可知,由于L2=(Z/ω)2(Z0/Z-1),电容C2=(1/ωZ0)2(Z0/Z-1),则当Z/Z0=0.5,电感L达到最大值Lmax。本实施例中,Lmax=(3979×106)/f0,且f0=836MHz。
结合图2可见,电感L有个最大值4.76nH,随着Z/Z0的不断越小,电容C也越来越大,上述趋势对设计小型匹配电路非常有用,因为在小型空间内很难设计小型的电感,但是比较容易产生大电容,因而选用一个高电介质材料并应用多层结构减少电容的厚度。
所述石榴石盘的尺寸由其空心电感K(代表一个变量)表示(来自于IEEE相关文献资料),为优化隔离器期望设计一个归一化的σ=2磁场。如果操作频率f0、特性阻抗Z、石榴石盘的饱和磁场4πMs预先确定,则K的值(即石榴石盘的尺寸)也会自动确定。当三端口环形器1的特性阻抗为Z0=50Ω时,所述石榴石盘的空芯电感值表示为K0;当三端口环形器1的特性阻抗为Z(阻抗值为变量)时,所述石榴石盘的空芯电感值为K(电感值为变量),则K/K0=Z/Z0的关系保持为常数。结合图3和图4,当f0=836MHz,空芯电感K0=1.6nH,Z0=50Ω,μr=1,μt=0.5,φ=0.8,4πMs=900G时,获得σ=2.1和w=5.2%,此处带宽定义为20dB隔离损耗的频率范围,其中μr和μt均为铁氧体的填充因子,并且Φ是一个圆极化占有率。另一方面,图5中的实线表明,所述三端口环行器1中所述石榴石盘的尺寸缩至原有尺寸的十分之一,且当K=0.16nH,所述LC阻抗匹配电路的输出和输入阻抗分别为50Ω和5Ω时,所述石榴石盘中的归一化域σ=2.1。
从图5中可见,虽然所述石榴石盘的尺寸减少到十分之一,插损带宽变得更宽并且隔离损耗为双集中特性,得到的特定带宽超过13%,并且展宽效应在高频段特别大。具体而言,水平轴表示阻抗变化率即Z/Z0,垂直轴表示特定带宽,内部场保持σ=2.1不变。随着阻抗变化率Z/Z0的减少,特定带宽逐渐增加,并且在十分之一处有一个最大值。对LC阻抗匹配电路来说,这个最大值点要求L=2.72nH且C=12.1pF,展宽效应在比值小于0.3时非常明显。
结合图6,所述LC并行谐振电路中电容量Ci值反比于阻抗变化率Z/Z0,随着阻抗变化率Z/Z0的不断减少,电容量Ci变得更大。特别地,在Z/Z0=0.1时,所需电容Ci的值超过100pF,因此为实现超小型隔离器,电容的最小化是很重要。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何限制,凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (2)

1.一种小型化隔离器,包括一个端口上接有负载的三端口环形器(1),所述三端口环形器(1)包括外部腔体、石榴石盘、由钐钴永磁材料合金制成且含有偏置磁场的钐钴永磁体以及布设在所述钐钴永磁体和所述石榴石盘之间的Y形中心导体,所述石榴石盘、Y形中心导体和所述钐钴永磁体由下至上封装在所述外部腔体内,所述钐钴永磁体安装在所述石榴石盘上,其特征在于:所述三端口环形器(1)的等效电路包括三个分别接在三端口环形器(1)的三个端口上且均由电感L和电容C组成的LC阻抗匹配电路,且所述三端口环形器(1)的三个端口上分别接有一个由电感Li和电容Ci并联组成的LC并联谐振电路;三个所述LC阻抗匹配电路包括三个分别串接在三端口环形器(1)三个端口上的电感L和三个一端分别与三个电感L相接且另一端均接地的电容C,三端口环形器(1)的三个端口分别经电感L后输出且其输出端经电容C后接地;三个所述LC并联谐振电路的一端分别与三端口环形器(1)的三个端口相接,且其另一端均接地;三个所述LC并联谐振电路的阻抗分别为三个所述LC阻抗匹配电路阻抗的共轭匹配阻抗,其中Li=μK,μ为所述石榴石盘的磁导率,且K为所述石榴石盘的空芯电感;所述LC阻抗匹配电路中的电感L2=(Z/ω)2(Z0/Z-1),电容C2=(1/ωZ0)2(Z0/Z-1),其中ω=2πf0,f0为所述LC并联谐振电路的谐振频率,Z和Z0分别为所述LC阻抗匹配电路的输入阻抗和输出阻抗。
2.按照权利要求1所述的一种小型化隔离器,其特征在于:所述Y形中心导体通过沉淀工艺蚀刻在所述石榴石盘上。
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CN103403955B (zh) * 2013-01-06 2015-07-22 华为技术有限公司 一种环形器、隔离器及电路组件
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