CN101823074A - Method for remedying soil contaminated by DDT as pesticide residue through earthworm-based bioaugmentation and biodegradation - Google Patents
Method for remedying soil contaminated by DDT as pesticide residue through earthworm-based bioaugmentation and biodegradation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for remedying the soil contaminated by DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(pchlorophenyl)ethane) as a pesticide residue through earthworm-based bioaugmentation and biodegradation. The method comprises the following steps: feeding eiseniafoetida or amynthas rubusto in the contaminated soil; further feeding fermented chicken manure and/or cattle manure and fully and evenly mixing the chicken manure and/or cattle manure and the soil; and feeding the fermented chicken manure and/or cattle manure every three months, wherein the feeding density of the eiseniafoetida or amynthas robust is 5 to 30 earthworms per each kilogram of soil; the mass ratio between the chicken manure and/or cattle manure and the soil is 0.2-1:1; and the water content of the soil in the soil remediation is maintained at 55% to 65%. The invention has the advantage that the requirements for the external environment are low, so the invention is widely applicable to most of the soil contaminated by the DDT at current; and the method for remedying the soil contaminated by DDT as an organic chlorine pesticide is simple, effective and low-cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the environmental biochemistry technical field, be specifically related to the reparation and the improvement of contaminated soil, relate in particular to a kind of method of the DDT of reparation contaminated soil.
Background technology
DDT[1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(pchlorophenyl) ethane] as a kind of artificial synthetic organo-chlorine pesticide,, but also caused the severe contamination of atmosphere, water body and soil environment simultaneously for major contribution has been made in world food production.DDT has height and holds characteristics such as the property stayed, broad spectrum toxicity, lipophilicity and half volatile, is typical persistence organic pollutant (POPs).Although as far back as 70～eighties of 20th century, world's most countries has just stopped producing and using DDT, and the DDT that applies the farmland still has part to residue in the soil environment medium, and its recall rate is still very high.Therefore, DDT does not disappear because it is limited to use to the pollution of soil, but in the regular period long-term existence.
In view of seriousness and the harmfulness of DDT to soil pollution, DDT contaminated soil recovery technique has caused global common concern, and it mainly comprises physics, chemistry and biological method.Physics is repaired with chemistry and is repaired because the disposal cost costliness easily causes secondary pollution, because of rather than a kind of desirable contaminated soil restorative procedure.Bioremediation technology is to utilize specific biology (plant, microorganism or protozoan etc.) absorption, conversion, removing or degrading pesticide pollutant, thereby realize the biotechnology that soil sanitation, ecological effect are recovered, be a kind of generally acknowledged effectively, the method for safety, cheapness and non-secondary pollution.
Chinese scholars is carried out biological restoration to the DDT contaminated soil at present, adopts plant and method of microorganism more.The time that phytoremediation needs may be long, and adaptive capacity to environment is relatively poor; Microorganism is repaired the race problem then have microbe inoculation and indigenous microorganism, and problem such as repairing effect is not good enough when pollutant levels are hanged down.Utilize soil animal (earthworm) repairing polluted soil then different, earthworm extensively is distributed in all over the world, has extremely strong adaptive capacity to environment and fertility, shows patience, bioaccumulation and resistance far above microorganism for pollution stress.Earthworm is by to the stirring, engulf and digest drainage of soil, and the acupoint that forms of impacting soil, changes the soil physics structure, improves the aeration, infiltration rate of soil etc.The all right broken digestion of organic matter material of earthworm; make it to mix with the soil mineral particle; quicken decomposition of soil organic matter; organic matter in the earthworm alimentary canal through effects such as microorganism, enzyme and mucus; character improves, and (particle diminishes, the CN ratio reduces; humidity increases), help the utilization of microorganism to nutrient.Form little territory environment of similar bioreactor in the earthworm alimentary canal, can also promote the decomposed and reconstituted of organic aggregate of soil and iron and manganese oxides, improve the desorption and the dissolubility of pollutant, increase surperficial touch opportunity.Earthworm movement not only exerts an influence to population structure and the quantity of microorganism, but also activation of microorganism is exerted an influence.Earthworm movement also exerts an influence to soil pH value, improves microorganism microenvironment of living in, the indirect microbiological property that influences.Yet at present, earthworm is in soil pollution, and the effect report during particularly organo-chlorine pesticide DDT pollution is repaired is very limited, needs to do further research.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, and a kind of method that remains in DDT in the natural environment soil with the earthworm bioaugmentation and biodegradation is provided.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The invention provides a kind of earthworm bioaugmentation and biodegradation soil DDT pesticide residual contamination restorative procedure, its step is as follows:
(1) Eisenia Foetida (top layer kind) or grand Pheretimatschiliensis (internal layer kind) are rendered in the contaminated soil;
(2) in the soil that step (1) is handled, throw in chicken manure and/or the cow dung of having fermented, and chicken manure and/or cow dung and soil are fully mixed;
(3) threw in chicken manure and/or the cow dung of having fermented once more every three months, and chicken manure and/or cow dung and soil are fully mixed.
Earthworm is thrown in density and causes crowded too greatly easily, influence the growth and breeding of earthworm, density is too little to make that again the biological total amount of earthworm is low excessively, reduce its treatment effect, the input density that draws earthworm by experiment is 5～30/kg soil, best input density is 30/kg of Eisenia Foetida soil, 15/kg of grand Pheretimatschiliensis soil.
Fermented-chicken manure and/or cow dung are thrown in when too much, can cause its waste, and if throw in when very few, can not guarantee the required nutritional labeling of breeding of earthworm again.Drawing fermented-chicken manure and/or cow dung and soil quality ratio by experiment is 0.2～1: 1.The best in quality ratio is 0.2: 1.
The fermentation process of chicken manure and/or cow dung is that straw screen or mat or plastic sheeting cover fermentation, and sweat is 18-24 days.Fermentation poultry dung and/or cow dung overdrying should be sprayed water and be watered, and can extrude small quantity of water droplets with hand-tight holding the time to be advisable.Water spray watered again every 5 days, turned over and spared several times.Fermentation bait should be a pitchy, ordorless, loose, tack-free.
In the repair process, the water content of soil remains on 55～65%.
Adopt its beneficial effect of method of the present invention to be summarized as follows:
(1) it is effectively simple, with low cost to adopt earthworm that the DDT contaminated soil is repaired.
(2) adopt earthworm to carry out the DDT contaminated soil and repair to external world that environmental condition requires low, suitable most at present by DDT contaminated soil large-scale application.
(3) adopt earthworm to carry out DDT contaminated soil recovery technique and can pass through earthworm growth, growth, breeding under field conditions (factors), continue contaminated soil is repaired.
(4) adopt earthworm to carry out elimination and the detoxifcation that DDT contaminated soil recovery technique not only can be quickened DDT in the soil, can also be by the activity of earthworm the various physicochemical properties of improving the soil, quicken the decomposition of the soil organism, optimize the reaction condition of other pollutant detoxifications, the form of other pollutants that contain in the living things catalysis soil transforms and degradation reaction, as: heavy metal Cu, Pb, Zn etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the different stocking density design sketch (bar/kg soil) of Eisenia Foetida.
Fig. 2 is the different stocking density design sketch (bar/kg soil) of grand Pheretimatschiliensis.
When Fig. 3 accounts for the different weight percentage of soil quality for the quality of throwing in fermented-chicken manure and/or cow dung, the feeding effect figure of Eisenia Foetida (g/kg soil).
When Fig. 4 accounts for the different weight percentage of soil quality for the quality of throwing in fermented-chicken manure and/or cow dung, the feeding effect figure of grand Pheretimatschiliensis (g/kg soil).
Fig. 5 is in the 2mgDDT/kg soil, the amount of subduing (mg/kg soil) of different cultivars, the soil DDT after 180 days of varying number earthworm place.
Fig. 6 is in the 4mgDDT/kg soil, the amount of subduing (mg/kg soil) of different cultivars, the soil DDT after 180 days of varying number earthworm place.
Fig. 7 is in the 2mgDDT/kg soil, the content (mg/kg soil) of different cultivars, the soil DDD after 180 days of varying number earthworm place.
Fig. 8 is in the 4mgDDT/kg soil, and different cultivars, varying number earthworm are handled the content (mg/kg soil) of soil DDD after 180 days.
Fig. 9 is in the 2mgDDT/kg soil, and different cultivars, varying number earthworm are handled the content (mg/kg soil) of soil DDE after 180 days.
Figure 10 is in the 4mgDDT/kg soil, and different cultivars, varying number earthworm are handled the content (mg/kg soil) of soil DDE after 180 days.
Figure 11 is in the 2mgDDT/kg soil, and different cultivars, varying number earthworm are handled the content (mg/kg soil) of soil DDMU after 180 days.
Figure 12 is in the 4mgDDT/kg soil, and different cultivars, varying number earthworm are handled the content (mg/kg soil) of soil DDMU after 180 days.
Figure 13 is in the 2mgDDT/kg soil, and DDT series catabolite average quality accounts for gross mass percentage after 180 days.
Figure 14 is in the 4mgDDT/kg soil, and DDT series catabolite average quality accounts for gross mass percentage after 180 days.
Wherein: handle for every group and repeat n=3, blank and processing significant difference level is used P＜0.05 (*) respectively, P＜0.01 (* *), P＜0.001 (* * *) expression.
The specific embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Pick up from vegetable garden soil for examination soil, the abundant at ambient temperature air-dry back of soil sample mixing is pulverized, and crosses the 2mm sieve.The earthworm kind is selected Eisenia Foetida (top layer kind) and grand Pheretimatschiliensis (internal layer kind) for use.
The earthworm of two kinds of kinds of experimental design respectively adds 5 (A), 10 (B), 15 (C), 20 (D), 25 (E), 30 (F), 35 (G), 40 (H), 45 (I), 50 (L) totally 20 processing samples.Each handles the heavy 1kg of soil sample, each adds fermented-cow dung 500g, cow dung is milled afterwards and the abundant mixing of soil, threw in the fermented-cow dung 500g that milled once more every three months, and with the abundant mixing of soil, soil moisture content remains on 55～65% always in the repair process, and three repetitions are established in each processing.Experimental design is measured the effect of 30d, 60d, the different earthworm density raisings of 90d three phases, and measurement result is seen Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
The result shows: 30d, 60d, 90d three phases, earthworm bar number growth reproduction in 5～30 processing is better, surpass 30 after earthworm because density is excessive, begin to present death trend, and the death rate is with increase the relation of being proportionate with earthworm density.Therefore, take all factors into consideration earthworm survival rate and earthworm biomass to the contaminant degradation effect, add 30 Eisenia Foetidas or 15 grand Pheretimatschiliensis in every 1kg soil, can guarantee the normal growth reproduction of earthworm, can guarantee the biomass of earthworm again, thereby guarantee the degradation efficiency of organic pollutant.
Earthworm feeding effect test when the quality that embodiment 2. throws in fermented-chicken manures and/or cow dung accounts for the different weight percentage of gross mass
For examination soil is rice soil, and the abundant at ambient temperature air-dry back of soil sample mixing is pulverized, and crosses the 2mm sieve.The earthworm kind is selected Eisenia Foetida (top layer kind) and grand Pheretimatschiliensis (internal layer kind) for use.
The quality that two kinds of earthworms of experimental design respectively add fermented-chicken manure and/or cow dung accounts for 5% (A), 10% (B), 15% (C), 20% (D), 25% (E), 30% (F), 40% (G), 60% (H), 80% (I), 100% (L) totally 20 processing of soil quality.Each handles the heavy 1kg of sample, experiment is that the processing of Eisenia Foetida respectively adds 30 with earthworm, the processing of grand Pheretimatschiliensis respectively adds 15, threw in fermentation poultry dung and/or cow dung once more every three months, and with the abundant mixing of soil, keep soil moisture content 55～65% in the repair process, three repetitions are established in each processing always.Experimental design is measured the feeding effect of 30d, 60d, 90d three phases earthworm, and measurement result is seen Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
The result shows: 30d, 60d, 90d three phases, and the quality of throwing in fermented-chicken manure and/or cow dung accounts in 20%～100% processing of soil quality, and the earthworm growth reproduction is better; The quality of throwing in fermented-chicken manure and/or cow dung accounts for soil quality and is lower than 20%, and earthworm because the organic matter in the soil reduces gradually, begins to present the trend that oeverall quality descends, activity is not high after raising a period of time.Therefore, take all factors into consideration earthworm biomass and cost of investment problem, the quality of fermented-chicken manure and/or cow dung accounts for 20% of soil quality in the soil, can guarantee the normal growth reproduction of earthworm, guarantee the degradation efficiency of organic pollutant, can save the cost of investment of fermented-chicken manure and/or cow dung again to the full extent.
Embodiment 3. different earthworm kinds, density are to DDT biodegradation measure of merit
Each handles the heavy 2kg of soil sample experimental design, pick up near the topsoil (0～20cm) of the green banyan circle of Agricultural University Of South China (23 ° of 09.190N, 113 ° of 21.244E) for examination soil, soil types is the red earth on the granite based, the content of agricultural chemicals can be ignored in the soil, the abundant at ambient temperature air-dry back of soil sample mixing is pulverized, and crosses the 2mm sieve.The earthworm kind is selected Eisenia Foetida (top layer kind, numbering: E) with grand Pheretimatschiliensis (internal layer kind, numbering: A) for use.DDT concentration in soil is that (numbering: C1) (numbering: C2), owing to directly add the homogeneous that DDT is difficult to guarantee sample in soil, this experiment elder generation is dissolved in DDT that (2mg/kg handles shared DDT0.08g, ethanol 10mL in the ethanol to 2mg/kg with 4mg/kg; 4mg/kg handles shared DDT0.16g, ethanol 20mL), respectively divide equally 20 parts after mixed liquor is diluted with water to the 300g field capacity of sample (handle), be sprayed onto equably in the soil sample, leave standstill after one month and put into earthworm.1) and 60 (numberings: 2) earthworm of two kinds of different cultivars is carried out 180 days DDT degraded situations respectively and measure, blankly respectively do three repetitions with processing experimental design is according to two kinds of different earthworm density, promptly 30 (numberings:.Measurement result is seen Fig. 5～Figure 13.
The result shows: Eisenia Foetida and grand Pheretimatschiliensis all can quicken the degraded of DDT in the soil, and degradation effect is obvious.
Therefore conclude, earthworm is by changing the soil physics structure, quicken decomposition of soil organic matter, improve soil microbial activities and soil enzyme activities, and the little territory environment that forms similar bioreactor in the earthworm alimentary canal, the desorption and the dissolubility of raising pollutant increase surperficial touch opportunity, the biological form of quickening the catalysis pollutant transforms and degradation reaction, is the method for DDT in the sustainable reparation natural soils of a kind of effective ecology.
Claims (7)
1. the restorative procedure of an earthworm bioaugmentation and biodegradation soil DDT pesticide residual contamination is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) Eisenia Foetida or grand Pheretimatschiliensis are rendered in the contaminated soil;
(2) in the soil that step (1) is handled, throw in chicken manure and/or the cow dung of having fermented, and chicken manure and/or cow dung and soil are fully mixed;
(3) threw in chicken manure and/or the cow dung of having fermented once more every three months.
2. the restorative procedure of earthworm bioaugmentation and biodegradation soil DDT pesticide residual contamination according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the input density of Eisenia Foetida or grand Pheretimatschiliensis is 5～30/kg soil.
3. according to the restorative procedure of the described earthworm bioaugmentation and biodegradation of claim 2 soil DDT pesticide residual contamination, it is characterized in that: the input density of Eisenia Foetida is 30/kg soil, and the input density of grand Pheretimatschiliensis is 15/kg soil.
4. the restorative procedure of earthworm bioaugmentation and biodegradation soil DDT pesticide residual contamination according to claim 1 is characterized in that: chicken manure and/or cow dung are 0.2～1: 1 with the soil quality ratio.
5. the restorative procedure of earthworm bioaugmentation and biodegradation soil DDT pesticide residual contamination according to claim 4 is characterized in that: chicken manure and/or cow dung are 0.2: 1 with the soil quality ratio.
6. the restorative procedure of earthworm bioaugmentation and biodegradation soil DDT pesticide residual contamination according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the repair process, the water content of described soil remains on 55～65%.
7. the restorative procedure of earthworm bioaugmentation and biodegradation soil DDT pesticide residual contamination according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described fermentation of step (2) is that straw screen or mat or plastic sheeting cover fermentation, and sweat is 18-24 days.
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| CN101947541A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2011-01-19 | 上海第二工业大学 | Method for remediation of soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| CN102847705A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-01-02 | 华南农业大学 | Restoration method for degrading soil PCP residue through cooperation of earthworms and microbes |
| CN103087968A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-05-08 | 成都新朝阳作物科学有限公司 | Production technique of organic fertilizer |
| CN103348797A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-10-16 | 匡仲平 | Method for improving farmland soil |
| CN103464453A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-12-25 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for restoring soil with soil-borne diseases |
| CN103875659A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-06-25 | 吴唐青 | Pesticide decomposing agent and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113231462A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-10 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for stimulating indigenous flora to rapidly degrade cypermethrin in soil |
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| CN101648206A (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2010-02-17 | 南京大学 | Earthworm strengthening repair method of soil polluted by phenanthrene, pyrene or pentachlorophenol |
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| CN101947541A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2011-01-19 | 上海第二工业大学 | Method for remediation of soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| CN102847705A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-01-02 | 华南农业大学 | Restoration method for degrading soil PCP residue through cooperation of earthworms and microbes |
| CN103087968B (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-10-15 | 成都新朝阳作物科学有限公司 | Production technique of organic fertilizer |
| CN103087968A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-05-08 | 成都新朝阳作物科学有限公司 | Production technique of organic fertilizer |
| CN103348797A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-10-16 | 匡仲平 | Method for improving farmland soil |
| CN103464453A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-12-25 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for restoring soil with soil-borne diseases |
| CN103464453B (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-09-16 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method of repairing soil-borne disease soil |
| CN103875659A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-06-25 | 吴唐青 | Pesticide decomposing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN104475436A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-01 | 山水园林股份有限公司 | Method for repairing mine discarded polluted soil layer |
| CN110496853A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-11-26 | 杭州楠溪生态环境科技有限公司 | A method of improving Soil self-purification |
| CN113231462A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-10 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for stimulating indigenous flora to rapidly degrade cypermethrin in soil |
| CN113231462B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-07-29 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for stimulating indigenous flora to rapidly degrade cypermethrin in soil |
| CN113683179A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-11-23 | 华南农业大学 | Method for degrading bisphenol compounds in water body based on magnetic lignin hydrogel activated persulfate |
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