CN101806777A - Near surface flaw quantification detection method based on ultrasonic TOFD method - Google Patents

Near surface flaw quantification detection method based on ultrasonic TOFD method Download PDF

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CN101806777A
CN101806777A CN 201010115420 CN201010115420A CN101806777A CN 101806777 A CN101806777 A CN 101806777A CN 201010115420 CN201010115420 CN 201010115420 CN 201010115420 A CN201010115420 A CN 201010115420A CN 101806777 A CN101806777 A CN 101806777A
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weld seam
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ultrasonic
axle
ellipse
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CN101806777B (en
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迟大钊
刚铁
姚英学
周安
袁媛
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a near surface flaw quantification detection method based on an ultrasonic TOFD method, which relates to the field of ultrasonic detection. The invention solves the problems that the B-scan process is greatly influenced by the height and width of the welding seam and the detected objects are restricted in the existing flaw locating method using B-scan. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the time delay of the detection system; marking a three-dimensional detection coordinate system on the detected object, arranging two probes, carrying out A-scan on the welding seam, determining the propagation distance of the flaw wave in the detected object and the positions of the sound incident points of the two ultrasonic probes according to the acquired A-scan signal to acquire an semielliptic equation; moving one of the ultrasonic probes to a new detection point, and repeating the operations above to acquire another semielliptic equation; and solving the two semielliptic equations simultaneously to obtain the coordinates of the intersecting point of the two semielliptic equations, and acquiring the transverse and burial depth position of the flaw end according to the coordinates of the intersecting point. The invention is applicable to the field of ultrasonic detection.

Description

A kind of near surface flaw quantification detection method based on the ultrasonic TOFD method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ultrasound examination field, relate to a kind of near surface flaw quantification detection technique based on ultrasonic diffraction time difference method.
Background technology
Ultrasonic diffraction time difference method, be called for short ultrasonic TOFD (Time of Flight Diffraction) method, be a kind ofly defective to be positioned the nondestructiving detecting means of quantitative measurment, be suitable for the detection of the welding line structure defective of big thickness based on the diffracted signal that receives the defective end.Adopt the ultrasonic TOFD method to exist to the insensitive technical matters of near surface flaw.In order to address this problem, paper 1: Zhang Rui etc., one echo transit time of ultrasonic diffraction method weld metal crack in situ quantitation is harmless to be estimated, the mechanical engineering journal, 2000, proposed detection method that ultrasonic TOFD and pulse echo combine at 36 (5): 54~57, and this technology effectively improves the identification to nearly table defective, but needs additional detected equipment.Paper 2:Chi Dazhao et al, Background removal and welddefect detection based on energy distribution of image (image background based on energy distribution is removed and defect recognition) China Welding, 2007,16 (1): 14~18 proposed a kind of based on signal and image process method, lateral wave by filtering and near surface flaw aliasing, extract the near surface flaw signal and it is carried out quantitative measurment, this method has improved the identification capability of near surface flaw, but when lateral wave time base flutter and energy changes in amplitude in each measuring point signal were big, this method existed lateral wave to suppress not exclusively or damage the problem of near surface flaw signal.Harbin Institute of Technology on Dec 17th, 2009 application, application number is disclosed technical scheme in 200910311663.4 the application for a patent for invention " a kind of near-surface defect recognition method based on ultrasonic TOFD ", on the basis of conventional TOFD method, a kind of compressional wave secondary bottom reflection method has been proposed, this method adopts A, B, three kinds of scan modes of D, and need not adopt the ancillary hardware facility, need not signal and Flame Image Process and can find near surface flaw in the detected body, so this method has overcome the problem that conventional TOFD method is not easy to discern near surface flaw.In order to obtain defective lateral attitude and depth of burial position accurately, this method generally need detection faces be done the B scanning of crossing over weld seam above defective, judge the accurate position of defective on the B scan image that obtains.But obtaining of B scan image will just can be carried out after weld reinforcement is removed processing, when the height that has weld reinforcement is big, and the accessibility difference that B scanning detects or unreachable.And when the lateral dimension of weld seam hour, do not satisfy B scanning to detect required space, so the accurate location information of defective in weld seam also is difficult to obtain.
Summary of the invention
The present invention realizes in the method for defect location for solving the existing B of employing scanning, the process of described B scanning is subjected to the influence of the height of weld seam and width bigger, the restricted problem of measuring object provides a kind of near surface flaw quantification detection method based on the ultrasonic TOFD method.The concrete steps of this method are:
Step 1: according to thickness h and two the refraction angle θs of ultrasound wave in detected body that ultrasonic probe sends of detected body, adjust between two ultrasonic probes apart from S, S is satisfied: S ≈ 4 * h * tg θ, and the time delay t of detection system 0
Step 2: the three-dimensional detection coordinates of mark xyz system on detected weld seam, described coordinate is a rectangular coordinate system, and wherein, the center line of z axle and detected weld seam coincides, the x axle is positioned at surface, detected weld seam place, and defective end to be detected is positioned on the xy plane; Described two ultrasonic probes are positioned on the x axle, and two ultrasonic probes are the center symmetry with the initial point, and detected body is carried out A sweep, obtain the first row A sweep signal, the time delay t that obtains according to described A sweep signal and step 1 0Calculate the propagation distance S of defect waves in detected weld seam 1Sound incidence point A, B with two ultrasonic probes in the xy plane is two focuses of ellipse then, with 2a 1=S 1As long axis of ellipse, with
Figure GSA00000047929000021
As the minor axis of ellipse, acquisition is positioned at the semielliptical equation of the negative semiaxis of y axle on xy plane;
Step 3: keep a ultrasonic probe position motionless, another ultrasonic probe is moved to B ' along the x axle locate, and then detected body is carried out A sweep, obtain secondary series A sweep signal, according to the time delay t of described A sweep signal and step 1 acquisition 0Calculate the propagation distance S of defect waves in detected weld seam 2, sound incidence point A, the B ' with two ultrasonic probes in the xy plane is two focuses of ellipse then, with 2s 2=S 2As long axis of ellipse, with
Figure GSA00000047929000022
As the minor axis of ellipse, acquisition is positioned at the semielliptical equation of the negative semiaxis of y axle on xy plane;
Step 4: the semielliptical equation of step 2 acquisition and the semielliptical equation of step 3 acquisition are carried out simultaneous solution, obtain two semielliptical intersecting point coordinate (x 1, y 1), then the lateral attitude of defective end D in weld seam is x 1, the depth of burial of defective end in weld seam is 2h-|y 1|.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention proposes a kind of accurate localization method of near surface flaw of only foundation two row A sweep signals, adopt the detection method of TOFD compressional wave secondary bottom reflection, geometric relationship in the A sweep signal that obtains according to different probe positions place between travel-time, probe sound incidence point and the defective end of defect waves, lateral attitude and the depth of burial of accurate in locating near surface flaw end in weld seam.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the detection sound travel synoptic diagram of ultrasonic TOFD compressional wave secondary bottom reflection method, wherein 1 expression side direction wave trajectory, bottom reflection wave trajectory of 2 expressions, 3 expression defective wave trajectories, 4 are represented secondary bottom reflection wave trajectories, 5 and 6 represent two ultrasonic probes respectively, the signal waveforms that Fig. 2 obtains for A sweep, wherein 7 expression lateral waves, bottorm echo of 8 expressions, 9 expression defect waves, 10 expression secondary bottorm echos; Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of detection system time delay, and Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of the inventive method.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: in conjunction with Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 present embodiment is described, the described a kind of near surface flaw quantification detection method of present embodiment based on the ultrasonic TOFD method, its concrete steps are:
Step 1: according to thickness h and two the refraction angle θs of ultrasound wave in detected body that ultrasonic probe sends of detected body, adjust between two ultrasonic probes apart from S, S is satisfied: S ≈ 4 * h * tg θ, and the time delay t of detection system 0
Step 2: the three-dimensional detection coordinates of mark xyz system on detected weld seam, described coordinate is a rectangular coordinate system, and wherein, the center line of z axle and detected weld seam coincides, the x axle is positioned at surface, detected weld seam place, and defective end D to be detected is positioned on the xy plane; Described two ultrasonic probes are positioned on the x axle, and two ultrasonic probes are the center symmetry with initial point O, and detected body is carried out A sweep, obtain the first row A sweep signal, the time delay t that obtains according to described A sweep signal and step 1 0Calculate the propagation distance S of defect waves in detected weld seam 1Sound incidence point A, B with two ultrasonic probes in the xy plane is two focuses of ellipse then, with 2a 1=S 1As long axis of ellipse, with
Figure GSA00000047929000031
As the minor axis of ellipse, acquisition is positioned at the semiellipse L of the negative semiaxis of y axle on xy plane 1Equation;
Step 3: keep ultrasonic probe 5 positions motionless, another ultrasonic probe 6 is moved to B ' along the x axle locate, and then detected body is carried out A sweep, obtain secondary series A sweep signal, according to the time delay t of described A sweep signal and step 1 acquisition 0Calculate the propagation distance S of defect waves in detected weld seam 2, sound incidence point A, the B ' with two ultrasonic probes in the xy plane is two focuses of ellipse then, with 2a 2=S 2As long axis of ellipse, with
Figure GSA00000047929000032
As the minor axis of ellipse, acquisition is positioned at the semiellipse L of the negative semiaxis of y axle on xy plane 2Equation;
Step 4: with the semiellipse L of step 2 acquisition 1Equation and the semiellipse L that obtains of step 3 2Equation carry out simultaneous solution, obtain two semielliptical intersecting point coordinate (x 1, y 1), then the lateral attitude of defective end D in weld seam is x 1, the defective end depth of burial of D in weld seam is 2h-|y 1|.
Comprise four road sound waves in the described A sweep signal of present embodiment step 2 and step 3, first via sound wave is a lateral wave, the second the tunnel is a bottorm echo, Third Road is a defect waves, the four the tunnel is the secondary bottorm echo, and wherein said defect waves and secondary bottom reflection wave trajectory are " W " shape.
The described defect waves of present embodiment be meant the detected weld seam bottom reflection of compressional wave that a ultrasonic probe is launched arrive the D place, defective end of detected weld seam concurrent gain interest penetrate after, the ripple that behind detected weld seam bottom reflection, is received once more by another ultrasonic probe.
The described time delay t of step 2 in the present embodiment according to described A sweep signal and step 1 acquisition 0Calculate the propagation distance S of defect waves in detected weld seam 1Method be: according to t time of arrival of defect waves 1And the velocity of sound v of defect waves in detected weld seam, according to formula S 1=(t 1-t 0) * v obtains.
The described time delay t of step 3 in the present embodiment according to described A sweep signal and step 1 acquisition 0Calculate the propagation distance S of defect waves in detected weld seam 2Method be: according to t time of arrival of defect waves 2And the velocity of sound v of defect waves in detected weld seam, and according to formula S 2=(t 2-t 0) * v obtains.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 and by concrete parameter declaration this method:
According to thickness h and two the refraction angle θs of ultrasound wave in detected body that ultrasonic probe sends of detected body, adjust between two ultrasonic probes apart from S, and S satisfies: S ≈ 4 * h * tg θ, and the time delay t of detection system 0Mark xyz detection coordinates system on detected weld seam, in conjunction with Fig. 4, the center line of z axle and detected weld seam coincides, and the x axle is positioned at surface, detected weld seam place, and defective end D to be detected is positioned on the xy plane; Arrange two ultrasonic probes on the x axle along z axle symmetria bilateralis, the sound incidence point of described two ultrasonic probes is respectively A, B, and beginning A sweep is obtained the first row A sweep signal, according to the defect waves travel-time t that reads 1And the velocity of sound v of defect waves in detected weld seam, and according to formula S 1=(t 1-t 0) * v obtains the propagation distance S of defect waves in detected weld seam 1, according to as can be known shown in Figure 4, the defective wave trajectory for since a ultrasonic probe 5 sound incidence point to another ultrasonic probe 6 sound incidence point end, the path is: A-E-D-F-B, then the propagation distance of defect waves is: S 1=AE+ED+DF+FB according to the principle of geometrical calculation as can be known, extends line segment AE and BF respectively to y axle negative sense, intersect at a D ', then S 1=AD '+D ' B, sound incidence point A, the B with two ultrasonic probes in the xy plane is two focuses of ellipse then, with 2a 1=S 1Be long axis of ellipse, with
Figure GSA00000047929000041
Be the minor axis of ellipse, obtain to be positioned at the semiellipse L on xy plane 1Equation;
x 2/a 1 2+y 2/b 1 2=1 y<0;
Keep ultrasonic probe 5 positions motionless, another ultrasonic probe 6 is moved to B ' along the x axle locate, begin A sweep once more, obtain secondary series A sweep signal, and according to the travel-time t that reads defect waves 2, according to formula S 2=(t 2-t 0) * v obtains the propagation distance S of defect waves in detected weld seam 2, according to Fig. 4 as can be known, the defective wave trajectory for since a ultrasonic probe 5 sound incidence point to another ultrasonic probe 6 sound incidence point end, the path is: A-E-D-F '-B ', then the propagation distance S of defect waves 1=AE+ED+DF '+F ' B ' according to the principle of geometrical calculation as can be known, extends line segment AE and BF ' respectively to y axle negative sense, intersect at a D ', then S 2=AD '+DB ', sound incidence point A, the B ' with two ultrasonic probes in the xy plane is two focuses of ellipse then, with 2a 2=S 2As long axis of ellipse, with
Figure GSA00000047929000051
As the minor axis of ellipse, obtain to be positioned at the equation of semiellipse L2 of the negative semiaxis of y axle on xy plane; (x-BB '/2) 2/ a 2 2+ y 2/ b 2 2=1y<0,
Two semiellipse L that simultaneous obtains 1And L 2Equation
Figure GSA00000047929000052
Find the solution the coordinate (x that obtains two semielliptical intersection point D ' 1, y 1); According to the process of the propagation distance of calculating defect waves for above-mentioned twice as can be known, two semielliptical intersection point D ' are the mirror image symmetric points of the plane of symmetry for defective end D with soldered object bottom surface, the horizontal ordinate x of then described intersection point D ' 1Be the lateral attitude of D in weld seam, defective end; And the defective end depth of burial of D in weld seam is 2h-|y 1|.
Present embodiment as detected object, is to arrange probe on the aluminium alloy plate of 20.0mm with artificial defect in the aluminium alloy plate at thickness, and two probe sound incidence point spacings are 40.0mm, obtain the A sweep signal.According to velocity of sound 6260m/s in the aluminium alloy, be 5.30us through repeatedly measuring the calculating system delay; Demarcate the xyz coordinate system on detected body, coordinate system unit is mm.The actual coordinate of defective end this moment in the xy coordinate plane is (8.0 ,-1.87).The process that adopts method of the present invention to detect the particular location of defective end is: arrange probe, two Probe index spacing 110.0mm in z axle symmetria bilateralis.According to the due in that obtains defect waves in the A sweep signal is 26.71us, and calculating the propagation path length of sound wave in detected body is 134.0mm.Determine in the xy coordinate plane, with two ultrasonic probes sound incidence point (55.0,0) and (55.0,0) be the semiellipse L of focus 1Equation be:
x 2/a 1 2+y 2/b 1 2=1 y<0;
Keep ultrasonic probe 5 invariant positions, another ultrasonic probe 6 is moved to location point (65.0,0) locate, at this moment two Probe index spacing 120.0mm.Obtain the due in 28.10us of defect waves in the A sweep signal, calculating and obtaining the propagation distance of sound wave in detected body is 142.7mm.Determine in the coordinate system with two ultrasonic probe sound incidence points (55.0,0) and (65.0,0) to be the semiellipse L of focus 2Equation be:
(x-BB′/2) 2/a 2 2+y 2/b 2 2=1y<0;
Simultaneous above-mentioned two equations are also found the solution: Wherein x=-7.8mm is defective lateral attitude under the coordinate system in detected body, and 2h-|y|=2.0mm is corresponding depth of burial position.
The result gets inaccuracy for fear of one-shot measurement, can average through repeatedly measuring, and obtains more reliable defective end position.
Obtaining in the Ultrasonic C-Scan system that can adopt U.S. physical acoustics company (PAC) to produce of the described A sweep signal of present embodiment realizes.

Claims (4)

1. near surface flaw quantification detection method based on the ultrasonic TOFD method is characterized in that its implementation method is:
Step 1: according to thickness h and two the refraction angle θs of ultrasound wave in detected body that ultrasonic probe sends of detected body, adjust between two ultrasonic probes apart from S, S is satisfied: S ≈ 4 * h * tg θ, and the time delay t of detection system 0
Step 2: the three-dimensional detection coordinates of mark xyz system on detected weld seam, described coordinate is a rectangular coordinate system, and wherein, the center line of z axle and detected weld seam coincides, the x axle is positioned at surface, detected weld seam place, and defective end (D) to be detected is positioned on the xy plane; Described two ultrasonic probes are positioned on the x axle, and two ultrasonic probes are the center symmetry with initial point (O), and detected body is carried out A sweep, obtain the first row A sweep signal, the time delay t that obtains according to described A sweep signal and step 1 0Calculate the propagation distance S of defect waves in detected weld seam 1Sound incidence point A, B with two ultrasonic probes in the xy plane is two focuses of ellipse then, with 2a 1=S 1As long axis of ellipse, with
Figure FSA00000047928900011
As the minor axis of ellipse, acquisition is positioned at the semiellipse (L of the negative semiaxis of y axle on xy plane 1) equation;
Step 3: keep a ultrasonic probe (5) position motionless, another ultrasonic probe (6) is moved to B ' along the x axle to be located, and then detected body carried out A sweep, obtain secondary series A sweep signal, the time delay t that obtains according to described A sweep signal and step 1 0Calculate the propagation distance S of defect waves in detected weld seam 2, sound incidence point A, the B ' with two ultrasonic probes in the xy plane is two focuses of ellipse then, with 2a 2=S 2As long axis of ellipse, with
Figure FSA00000047928900012
As the minor axis of ellipse, acquisition is positioned at the semiellipse (L of the negative semiaxis of y axle on xy plane 2) equation;
Step 4: with the semiellipse (L of step 2 acquisition 1) equation and the semiellipse (L that obtains of step 3 2) equation carry out simultaneous solution, obtain two semielliptical intersecting point coordinate (x 1, y 1), then the lateral attitude of defective end (D) in weld seam is x 1, the depth of burial of defective end (D) in weld seam is 2h-|y 1|.
2. a kind of near surface flaw quantification detection method based on the ultrasonic TOFD method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the propagation distance S of the described calculating defect waves of step 2 in detected weld seam 1Method be: according to the travel-time t of defect waves in detected weld seam 1And the velocity of sound v of defect waves in detected weld seam, and according to formula S 1=(t 1-t 0) * v obtains.
3. a kind of near surface flaw quantification detection method based on the ultrasonic TOFD method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the propagation distance S of the described calculating defect waves of step 3 in detected weld seam 2Method be: according to the travel-time t of defect waves in detected weld seam 2And the velocity of sound v of defect waves in detected weld seam, and according to formula S 2=(t 2-t 0) * v obtains.
4. a kind of near surface flaw quantification detection method according to claim 1 based on the ultrasonic TOFD method, it is characterized in that, defect waves be meant defective end (D) that the detected weld seam bottom reflection of compressional wave that a ultrasonic probe is launched arrives detected weld seam locate concurrent gain interest penetrate after, the ripple that behind detected weld seam bottom reflection, is received once more by another ultrasonic probe.
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CN111579646B (en) * 2020-05-29 2021-07-06 中国地质大学(北京) In-situ nondestructive testing method for stone cultural relic fracture
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