CN108226294A - A kind of ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam - Google Patents
A kind of ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN108226294A CN108226294A CN201611200865.8A CN201611200865A CN108226294A CN 108226294 A CN108226294 A CN 108226294A CN 201611200865 A CN201611200865 A CN 201611200865A CN 108226294 A CN108226294 A CN 108226294A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/267—Welds
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ultrasonic detection methods of lack of penetration weld seam, using TOFD defectoscopes and at least two ultrasonic probes, include the following steps：(1) according to testing conditions and the specification of fillet weld, the type and frequency of probe to be used are selected；(2) two probes are in direct contact, measure the time that Probe index, forward position and ultrasonic wave are propagated in voussoir of popping one's head in；(3) it determines to use the centre-to-centre spacing popped one's head in, will pop one's head on the scanning frame of TOFD defectoscopes；(4) by workpiece test block, ultrasonic probe is calibrated；(5) using the TOFD defectoscopes after calibration, reference block is detected；(6) determine the TOFD probe group numbers used and carry out scanning number, with ensure covering detection weld seam depth and width range；(7) scanning is carried out to workpiece；(8) image is analyzed.The ultrasonic detection method of the present invention, detection efficiency is high, data are comprehensive, detection non-blind area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic examination technical field more particularly to a kind of ultrasonic detection methods of lack of penetration weld seam.
Background technology
Ultrasonic examination is to penetrate the depths of metal material using ultrasound, and when entering another section by a section,
The characteristics of interface edge reflects checks a kind of method of part defect, when ultrasonic beam is passed to from piece surface by popping one's head in
Metal inside encounters defect with back wave just occurs respectively during part bottom surface, impulse waveform is formed on fluorescent screen, according to these
Impulse waveform judges defective locations and size.There are many wave modes when ultrasonic wave is propagated in the medium, most common in inspection to be
Longitudinal wave, shear wave, surface wave and Lamb wave.It is simpler with the detectable cast metals of longitudinal wave, blank, cut deal, large forgings and shape
The defects of field trash, crack, the draw, white point in the presence of single product, layering；With the circumferential direction in the detectable tubing of shear wave and
Axial crack, scuffing, gas pore in weld metal, slag inclusion, crack, it is lack of penetration the defects of；With the casting of the detectable simple shape of surface wave
Surface defect on part；With the defects of detectable thin plate of Lamb wave.
Ultrasonic creeping wave is the compression longitudinal wave that refraction angle is 90 °, and maximal amplitude direction and surface are into a low-angle, only on surface
Lower propagation, surface scattering is relatively weak, insensitive to surface roughness, is particularly suitable for detection Coarse Austenite material surface, near
The inspection of defect in surface defect and thin pieces, such as the crackle of casting, overlay cladding sub-surface defect crackle and bolt root
Deng.
During ultrasound examination, the transmitting and reception of ultrasonic wave pick up what is realized by popping one's head in.The performance of probe is straight
Connecing influences the characteristic of ultrasonic wave, influences the detection performance of ultrasonic wave.The probe used in ultrasound detection is the pressure using material
Electrical effect realizes the energy converter that electric energy, acoustic energy are converted.Critical component in probe is chip, and chip, which is one, has piezoelectric effect
Monocrystalline or polycrystal thin slice, its effect be to convert electric energy and acoustic energy mutually.
Fillet weld is widely used in the departments such as electric power petrochemical industry on the hardwares such as each middle container conduit, matter
Amount situation directly influences the safe operation of equipment.Fillet weld is different from butt weld to the connection mode of structural elements, weldering
Mutually having a certain degree for the structure of both sides is stitched, from the point of view of terms of mechanics, stress concentration is easily caused, leads to crack initiation,
And crack orientation is existing parallel also has vertical weld direction.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that：For technical problem of the existing technology, the present invention provides one
The ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam is planted, detection efficiency is high, data are comprehensive, detection non-blind area.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical solution proposed by the present invention is：
A kind of ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam, using TOFD defectoscopes and at least two ultrasonic probes, packet
Include following steps：
(1) according to testing conditions and the specification of fillet weld, the type and frequency of probe to be used are selected；
(2) two probes are in direct contact, measure Probe index, when forward position and ultrasonic wave are propagated in voussoir of popping one's head in
Between；
(3) it determines to use the centre-to-centre spacing popped one's head in, will pop one's head on the scanning frame of TOFD defectoscopes；
(4) by workpiece test block, ultrasonic probe is calibrated；
(5) using the TOFD defectoscopes after calibration, reference block is detected；
(6) determine the TOFD probe group numbers used and carry out scanning number, with ensure covering detection weld seam depth
And width range；
(7) scanning is carried out to workpiece；
(8) image is analyzed.
In the above method, it is preferable that two ultrasonic probes one are creeping wave probe, another is tiltedly visited for shear wave
Head, scans in TOFD and carries out top creeping wave probe scanning to weld seam simultaneously, and lower part carries out transverse wave double-bevel detector scanning.
In the above method, it is preferable that using non-destructive testing simulation software CIVA, fillet weld is modeled, to what is built up
Part model carries out wave beam emulation, so as to select suitable ultrasonic probe and voussoir, and determines to focus on rule.
In the above method, it is preferable that two ultrasonic probes are one group, and one is creeping wave probe, another is horizontal stroke
Wave angle probe, scans in TOFD and carries out top creeping wave probe scanning to weld seam simultaneously, and lower part carries out transverse wave double-bevel detector scanning.
In the above method, it is preferable that in the step (6), selected probe should be short pulse, lead directly to wave and bottom reflection
The pulse length of wave is no more than two periods.
In the above method, it is preferable that the time window of the straight-through wave and bottom wave signal is at least up to 20 signal periods.
In the above method, it is preferable that before the initial position of the time window should be arranged on straight-through wave arrival receiving transducer,
After window width should be arranged on a wave mode converted wave of workpiece bottom.
In the above method, it is preferable that in the step (2), two probes are in direct contact, its highest wave is found out in instrument
Position, the intermediate point of two probe contacts is Probe index, and a half-distance of overlapping is forward position, and it is readable to sweep signal by A
Go out the time that ultrasonic wave is propagated in voussoir of popping one's head in.
In the above method, it is preferable that the A sweep characteristic parameter selection number consistent with time resolution requirement
Change frequency, usually the 5 of nominal probe frequency times.
In the above method, it is preferable that in the step (3), using 2/3T criterion or other appropriate selections to determine
Use the centre-to-centre spacing of probe.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
(1) ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam of the invention, a scanning can cover entire weld seam, and detection is easy
Fast, most common non-parallel scanning only needs a people that can operate, and detection efficiency is high.
(2) ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam of the invention, all detection datas are remembered in real time in detection process
Record, and available computer processing, record data can be used for long-range interpretation and result to trace, data record comprehensively.
(3) ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam of the invention utilizes the scanning weldering of TOFD technologies in detection process
Seam middle part, the transverse wave double-bevel detector scanning root of weld, creeping wave probe scanning face of weld avoid the appearance of check frequency, it is ensured that inspection
Survey accuracy rate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the scanning schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the direct wave datagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the primary reflection datagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing.It should be understood that this place is retouched
The specific embodiment stated is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to restrict the invention.
For ease of description, spatially relative term can be used herein, as " ... on ", " ... top ",
" ... upper surface ", " above " etc., for describing such as a device shown in the figure or feature and other devices or spy
The spatial relation of sign.It should be understood that spatially relative term is intended to comprising the orientation in addition to device described in figure
Except different direction in use or operation.For example, if the device in attached drawing is squeezed, it is described as " in other devices
It will be positioned as " under other devices or construction after the device of part or construction top " or " on other devices or construction "
Side " or " under other devices or construction ".Thus, exemplary term " ... top " can include " ... top " and
" in ... lower section " two kinds of orientation.The device can also other different modes positioning (being rotated by 90 ° or in other orientation), and
And respective explanations are made in opposite description to space used herein above.
The ultrasonic detection method of the lack of penetration weld seam of the present invention is carried out using TOFD defectoscopes and two ultrasonic probes
Detection.Specifically include following steps：
(1) data review prepares
Before examinations, the letters such as workpiece situation, weld seam situation and defect situation to be detected should be learned more about
Breath, this is beneficial to design better detection scheme.
(2) workpiece is detected to prepare
Check weld appearance, reinforcement width and height, whether the thickness of the base material on both sides consistent etc..Scanning face side reinforcement
It is wide to influence PCS settings；Bottom welding seam is wide to lead to lower surface check frequency increase；Uniform thickness attachment weld may not cause
Multiple bottom surface waves；Check whether scanning face situation is smooth.Remove spatter, iron filings, grease and the other impurities on surface.It checks
Whether roughness, which influences, couples, and machining surface Ra is generally required to be no more than 6.3 μm, shot-peening table and Ra are no more than 12.5 μm；Really
Fixed and marker detection region, draws axis of a weld and detection zone width；It is required that the weld seam of removal reinforcement, should polish reinforcement
To concordant with neighbouring base material；Retain the weld seam of reinforcement, if face of weld has undercut, larger protuberance and recess etc. that should also carry out
Appropriate reconditioning, and make rounding off in order to avoid influencing the evaluation of testing result；If it is necessary, can to the base material on weld seam both sides into
Whether row has the inspection of layering and tear, this helps to explain band-like signal in D/B scannings.
(3) selection probe
Correct selection probe type and frequency.Selected probe should be short pulse, lead directly to wave and bottorm echo
Pulse length is no more than two periods.Ensureing the frequency selection requirement of time sense is：The time of straight-through wave and bottom wave signal
Window is at least up to 20 signal periods；To ensure signal-to-noise ratio, to decaying, big coarse grain material can suitably reduce frequency；Frequency
Selection should also consider with wafer diameter and wave beam Diffusion Synthetic.Using non-destructive testing simulation software CIVA, fillet weld is built
Mould carries out wave beam emulation to the part model built up, selects suitable probe and voussoir, and determines to focus on rule.
(4) measure of probe parameter
Measure the time that Probe index, forward position and ultrasonic wave are propagated in voussoir of popping one's head in.Assay method is by two probes
It being in direct contact, finds out the position of its highest wave in instrument, the intermediate points of two probe contacts is Probe index, and the one of overlapping
Half-distance is forward position, by A sweep signal it is readable go out time for being propagated in voussoir of popping one's head in of ultrasonic wave.
(5) setting probe spacing (PCS)
Determine to use the centre-to-centre spacing of probe using 2/3T criterion or other appropriate selections.Probe is mounted on scanning
On frame, the reinforcement width and scanning face that confirm PCS and weld seam can be adapted.
(6) TOFD probe group numbers and necessary scanning number are selected
Determined according to regulatory requirements using several groups of scannings several times of popping one's head in and carry out, with ensure covering detection weld seam depth
And width range.If necessary to use one group or more ultrasonic probe, should repeatedly be selected according to above (3), (4) step.
Parameter optimization, frequency, wafer size and centre-to-centre spacing including probe should be carried out according to the region of each self-test to each group of probe
Deng.
(7) TOFD defectoscopes are calibrated
Two workpiece test blocks are chosen, the parameter of TOFD defectoscopes and ultrasonic probe is modified.
(8) reference block is detected
Using the TOFD defectoscopes and ultrasonic probe after calibration, reference block is detected,
(9) A sweep acquisition parameter is selected
Digitization frequencies are selected, should be consistent with time resolution requirement, to obtain enough wave amplitude resolution capabilities.Number
Word frequency is usually 5 times of nominal probe frequency；Selection filtering setting, to obtain best signal-to-noise ratio.Minimum bandwidth should be
0.5 to 2 times of nominal probe frequency；Selective exitation pulse width is set, to obtain shortest signal and maximum depth resolution
Power；Setting signal average value is to minimum requirements, to obtain a rational signal-to-noise ratio；Set pulse recurrence frequency, it is desirable that with number
Match according to picking rate.
(10) time window is set
If being a scanning in depth direction, time window can be set according to straight-through wave or shape transformation bottom wave.Window
Before initial position should be arranged on straight-through wave arrival receiving transducer, window width should be arranged on a wave mode converted wave of workpiece bottom
Afterwards, whether signal shows after bottom reflection longitudinal wave signal to observe.Some near surface flaws, longitudinal wave signal appear in
Near straight-through wave, thus it is difficult to observe by.But these defects can generate the signal propagated in the form of shear wave simultaneously, because and horizontal
Wave sound speed is about the half of longitudinal wave, after these signals appear in bottom reflection longitudinal wave signal, observes these signals to finding
It is useful with the certain defects of verification.If carrying out subregion scanning, the not straight-through wave of some subregions and bottom wave in depth direction,
Just must be by calculating and setting time window to these scanning areas, and checked in reference block.
(11) scanning (as shown in Figure 1) is carried out to workpiece for measurement
Direct wave circumferential direction scanning is carried out to workpiece for measurement, the distance in probe voussoir forward position to weld seam is a, is made along pipeline circumferential direction
Scanning is carried out to fillet weld inside region with direct wave, obtains datagram as shown in Figure 2.
Primary reflection circumferential direction scanning is carried out to workpiece for measurement, the distance in probe voussoir forward position to weld seam is b, and pipeline is circumferential
Scanning is carried out to fillet weld lateral area using primary reflection, obtains 3 datagram as shown in the figure.
(12) analysis of image data and workpiece for measurement performance rating
Image data is transmitted to computer, data are analyzed.
Above-mentioned only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention not makees the present invention limitation in any form.It is although of the invention
It is disclosed above with preferred embodiment, however it is not limited to the present invention.Therefore, it is every without departing from technical solution of the present invention
Content, technical spirit any simple modifications, equivalents, and modifications made to the above embodiment, should all fall according to the present invention
In the range of technical solution of the present invention protection.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam, special using TOFD defectoscopes and at least two ultrasonic probes
Sign is, includes the following steps：
(1) according to testing conditions and the specification of fillet weld, the type and frequency of probe to be used are selected；
(2) two probes are in direct contact, measure the time that Probe index, forward position and ultrasonic wave are propagated in voussoir of popping one's head in；
(3) it determines to use the centre-to-centre spacing popped one's head in, will pop one's head on the scanning frame of TOFD defectoscopes；
(4) by workpiece test block, ultrasonic probe is calibrated；
(5) using the TOFD defectoscopes after calibration, reference block is detected；
(6) determine the TOFD probe group numbers used and carry out scanning number, with ensure covering detection weld seam depth and width
Spend range；
(7) scanning is carried out to workpiece；
(8) image is analyzed.
2. the ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that two ultrasonic waves
First is visited as creeping wave probe, another is transverse wave double-bevel detector, scans in TOFD and weld seam progress top creeping wave probe is swept simultaneously
It retouches, lower part carries out transverse wave double-bevel detector scanning.
3. the ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that imitated using non-destructive testing
True software CIVA, models fillet weld, wave beam emulation is carried out to the part model built up, so as to select suitable ultrasonic wave
Probe and voussoir, and determine to focus on rule.
4. the ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in the step (6),
Selected TOFD probes should be short pulse, and the pulse length for leading directly to wave and bottorm echo is no more than two periods.
5. the ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the straight-through wave and bottom
The time window of wave signal is at least up to 20 signal periods.
6. the ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the time window
Before initial position should be arranged on straight-through wave arrival receiving transducer, window width should be arranged on a wave mode converted wave of workpiece bottom
Afterwards.
7. the ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in the step (2),
Two probes are in direct contact, the position of its highest wave is found out in instrument, the intermediate point of two probe contacts is Probe index,
One half-distance of overlapping is forward position, by A sweep signal it is readable go out time for being propagated in voussoir of popping one's head in of ultrasonic wave.
8. the ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the A sweep feature
The parameter selection digitization frequencies consistent with time resolution requirement, usually the 5 of nominal probe frequency times.
9. the ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in the step (3),
Determine to use the centre-to-centre spacing of probe using 2/3T criterion or other appropriate selections.
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| CN201611200865.8A CN108226294A (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2016-12-22 | A kind of ultrasonic detection method of lack of penetration weld seam |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110007001A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-12 | 武汉国检检测技术有限公司 | Steel bridge U rib special multichannel ultrasonic imaging detection method |
| CN110765505A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-02-07 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method for predicting extreme internal pressure of oil-gas pipeline with surface scratch composite recess |
| CN110824005A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-21 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection process for welding seam backing welding of bogie frame |
| CN114235963A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-25 | 一重集团大连核电石化有限公司 | Method for detecting cracks under surfacing layer |
| CN116381052A (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-07-04 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Probe parameter determination method for TOFD detection of inner surface defect of outer cylinder |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110007001A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-12 | 武汉国检检测技术有限公司 | Steel bridge U rib special multichannel ultrasonic imaging detection method |
| CN110765505A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-02-07 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method for predicting extreme internal pressure of oil-gas pipeline with surface scratch composite recess |
| CN110765505B (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2023-06-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Prediction method for limiting internal pressure of oil-gas pipeline with surface scratch composite depression |
| CN110824005A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-21 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection process for welding seam backing welding of bogie frame |
| CN114235963A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-25 | 一重集团大连核电石化有限公司 | Method for detecting cracks under surfacing layer |
| CN114235963B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2024-04-16 | 一重集团大连核电石化有限公司 | Method for detecting cracks under build-up welding layer |
| CN116381052A (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-07-04 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Probe parameter determination method for TOFD detection of inner surface defect of outer cylinder |
| CN116381052B (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-03-01 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Probe parameter determination method for TOFD detection of inner surface defect of outer cylinder |
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Application publication date: 20180629 |