CN101801099A - 高速率分组数据和低时延数据传输的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及高速率分组数据和低时延数据传输的方法和装置。在无线通信***(50)中,一种分组数据和低时延数据的组合传输的方法。在一实施例中,并行信令信道提供消息至接收机(56,58,60),指示分组数据的目标接收者。此消息也标识用于分组数据传输的传输信道。随后,各接收机选择性地只对消息标识此接收机作为目标接收者的分组信息进行解码。如果此目标接收者是另一个移动单元,则可忽略贮存在缓冲器中的数据包。在一实施例中,消息和数据包在一条并行信道上同时发送。在一实施例中,把信息缩截成高速率分组数据传输。
Description
本申请是申请号为01821313.8,国际申请日为2001年10月月24日,发明名称为“高速率分组数据和低时延数据传输的方法和装置”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及下列美国专利申请:
美国专利申请08/963,386,题目为“高速率分组数据传输的方法和装置”,申请日为1997年11月3日,并转让于本受让人,此专利申请引入于此,作参考资料;和
美国专利申请09/697,372,题目为“确定高速率分组数据无线通信***中数据速率的方法和装置”,与上文同期申请,并转让于本受让人,此专利申请引入于此,作参考资料。
技术领域
本发明涉及无线数据通信。本发明尤其涉及无线通信***中高速率分组数据和低时延数据传输的一种新的改进的方法和装置。
背景技术
无线数据传输的需求增长和通过无线通信技术所取得的服务扩展导致了特种数据服务的发展。此类服务之一是指“高数据速率(HDR)”。在“TL90-54421-1HDR空中接口技术规范”中提出一个示例性HDR型***,上述技术规范也称“HAI技术规范”。一般HDR在无线通信***中提供一种有效的传输分组数据的方法。在要求话音和分组数据两种服务的应用中,困难就产生了。话音***考虑为低时延数据***,因为话音通信是交互式的,因此是实时处理。其他低时延数据***包括话音,多媒体和其他实时数据***。HDR***不是为话音通信而设计的,而是用来使数据传输最佳化的,因为HDR***中基站通过各移动用户传播信息,一次仅向一个移动用户发送数据。信息的传播引入时延。对数据传输来说,此类时延时可承受的,因为信息不是实时应用的。对比之下,对于话音通信,传播时延是不能接受的。
现需要一种组合***来传送高速分组数据信息以及低时延数据,如话音信息。在此类组合***中,更需要一种确定高速率分组数据传输的数据速率的方法。
发明内容
此揭示的实施例为无线通信***中高速率分组数据和低时延数据传输提供一种新的和改进的方法。在一实施例中,无线通信***中一个基站首先设定低时延数据,有效地作为高优先级,然后,在满足低时延数据后,按照有用的功率来调度分组数据服务。分组数据服务在某一时刻向一个移动用户发送分组数据。另一个实施例在某一时间提供分组数据至多个移动用户,在多个用户之间分配有用功率。在某一给定的时刻,根据信道质量,选择一个用户作为目标接收者。基站确定有用功率与导频信道功率之比,并把此比值提供给所选择的移动用户。此比值也称为“业务-导频”比,或“T/P”比。移动用户利用此比值来计算数据速率和回送此信息至基站。
在一实例中,基站提供“广播-导频”比,或“B/P”比给移动用户,其中,此比值考虑广播功率即,基站总的有用的传输功率,和导频功率即,用于导频信道的广播功率的功率部分。移动用户确定从基站请求的归一化数据速率,其中归一化数据速率是B/P的函数。把归一化数据速率发送至基站并就合适的数据速率作出决定。把选择的数据速率发送至移动用户。
在一示例性实例中,使用并行的信令信道来提供T/P比信息给移动用户。使用独立的载频,或通过多种方法的任一种方法来产生独立的信道,就可实施此并行的信令信道。
根据另一个实例,T/P比是通过分组数据信息信道来提供的,其中,T/P比包括在数据包的首部中,或是与分组数据一起连续提供。另外的实例根据导频信道的SNR会实施另一种量度,以估算通信信道的SNR,其中,把量度提供至移动用户,以便确定数据速率。移动用户请求以确定的数据速率或低于确定的数据速率来进行传输。一方面,工作于多个传输信道上传输分组数据和低时延数据的无线通信***包括在多个传输信道内的第一组信道,第一组信道指派为分组数据传输,分组数据以帧形式来传输;多个传输信道内的第二组信道,第二信道指派为低时延数据传输;多个传输信道内的信令信道,信令信道指派为信息传输,其中,各信息标识分组数据目标接收者。
按照一方面,在支持在多个传输信道上分组数据传输和低时延数据传输的无线通信***中,一种方法包括通过一组分组数据通道来传输分组数据;通过信令信道传输与分组数据有关的控制信息,其中信令信道是分组数据信道组分开的。其中,控制信息标识有关分组数据的目标接收者。
按照另一方面,工作于通过第二组信道的至少一个信道来接收分组数据的无线装置,此无线装置包括一个工作于通过信令信道来接收信息的处理器,和从收到的信息中确定目标接收者信息的编码信息;数据速率确定单元按照目标接收者信息和编码信息,工作于计算数据速率。
附图说明
现揭示的方法和装置的特征,目的和优点从下面详述,并结合相同的参考字符可相应地标识全部的附图就可成为更显而易见,和其中:
图1示出高数据速率(HDR)协议无线通信***的一个实施例的方块图形式;
图2示出说明如图1中的HDR***工作的状态图;
图3以图表形式示出如图1的在HDR无线通信***内多个分组数据用户的使用方案;
图4以图表形式示出如图1的HDR无线通信***内用户所收到的功率。
图5按照一实施例以方块图形式示出包括低时延数据用户的HDR无线通信***;
图6~8按照多个实施例以图表形式示出在HDR无线通信***中由用户接收的功率;
图9按照一实施例以方块图形式示出在HDR无线通信***中的接收机一部分;
图10按照一实施例以流程图形式示出采用信令信道的无线通信***中处理业务数据的方法;和
图11按照一实施例以流程图形式示出无线通信***中确定传输的数据速率的方法。
具体实施方式
尽管最好在一个***中实施高速率分组数据服务和低时延话音型服务的时候,由于话音服务和数据服务之间的很大差异,故这是一个困难的任务。特别是,话音服务具有严格的和事先规定的时延要求。一般话音帧总单向时延必须小于100ms。与话音比较起来,数据时延能成为用于使数据通信***效率最佳化的一个可变参数。按给予用户的信道条件在时间上会有变化,所以有可能根据信道条件选择较佳时间来传输分组信息。
话音和数据服务之间又一个差异是涉及话音服务要求一个固定的和共同的服务等级对所有用户。如,在数字式***中,GOS(服务等级)要求一个固定的和相等的传输速率对所有用户,具有的时延不大于话音帧的帧差错率(FER)的最大可容许值。相比之下,对数据服务,GOS是不固定的,而是从用户至用户之间是变化的。对数据服务,GOS是一个提高数据通信***总效率所最佳化的一个参数。数据通信***的GOS一般定义为事先规定的数据量,以后称为数据包转移中出现的总时延。
话音服务和数据服务之间还有一个很大的差异是前者要求可靠的通信链路,在示例性CDMA通信***中,此链路由软越区切换来提供。软越区切换可形成从2个或更多基站的冗余传输以便提供可靠性。然而,此增加的可靠性对数据传输是不需要的,因为错误地收到的数据包是可以重发的。对数据服务,用于支持软越区切换所用的发送功率可更有效地用于发送附加的数据。
与话音和其他低时延数据通信相比较,高数据速率数据通信一般使用分组交换技术来传输,而不是采用电路交换技术。把数据分组为一小批一小批,控制信息作为首部和/或尾部附加在上面。数据和控制信息的组合形成一个分组。当分组数据传输通过***时,会引入多种时延,甚至于还包括丢失一个或多个部分。HDR和其他分组数据***一般容许时间变化的时延的分组数据和丢失的分组数据。这就可能通过调度传输与最佳信道条件来研究分组数据***的时延容差。在一实施例中,对多用户的传输是根据各个传输链路的质量来调度的。此传输在一个时间使用所有的有用功率来传输数据至多个用户中的一个用户。因为多个用户事先不知道目标接收者、传输调度、数据速率和/或配置信息,包括调制技术,信道编码等等,这会引入可变时延。在一实施例中,接收机请求数据速率和相应的配置,而不是各接收机估算此类信息。调度由调度算法来确定,并在同步信息中送出。
在请求数据速率之前,接收机确定最佳数据速率,其中数据速率可以是基于在用的传输功率的。数据速率正比于传输功率和信道质量。如本文中所采用的一种组合***是能处理低时延数据和分组数据两种传输的***。在一种能处理话音和分组数据传输的组合***中,有用的功率和有用的数据速率随着时间话音活动而变化。接收机在确定数据速率中并不知道***的话音活动。组合***的一个例子是“宽带码分多址”如,1.85至1.99GHz个人通信业务(PCS)应用的W-CDMA(宽带码分多址)空中接口兼容性标准的ANSI J-STD-01建议标准,也称为“W-CDMA”。其他***包括“CDMA 2000扩展频谱***的TIA/EIA/IS-2000标准,也称”CDMA2000标准“或其他按用户连接***。
符合由HAI技术规范所限定的协议的分组数据***20示于图1。在此***20中,基站与移动站20至28通信。各移动站26-28由一个变址值0至N来标识,N是***20内移动站总数。示出的分组数据信道24作为1个说明可交换连接的多路复用器。基站22也可称为提供用户连接的“访问终端器件”,特别是1次一个用户。注意,访问终端一般连接至计算器件如膝上计算机或个人数字助理。访问终端也可是具有Web访问能力的蜂窝状电话。同时,分组数据信道24也可指定“访问网络”,提供分组交换数据网络和访问终端器件之间的数据连接。在一实例中,基站22连接移动站26~28至因特网。
在典型的HDR***中,分组数据通信以一个通向所选择的接收者的链路而进行,其中,分组数据信道24调度多个移动站26~28,一次一个。正向通信信道是指从基站发送数据,而反向通信信道是指从移动站26~28发出数据。分组数据***20通过在一给定的时间实现一条到达一个用户的链路,来调度用户。这正好相反于多链路同时保持着的低时延数据传输***。使用单链路可使选择的链路使用较高的数据传输速率,和通过使信道条件最佳化为至少一条链路的传输最佳化。理想情况是,当信道处于最佳条件时,基站就只使用一条信道。
期望数据服务的移动站26~28用户通过“数据速率控制”(DRC)信道提供正向通信通道至基站22。用户按照收到信号的质量加以调度,其中调度要保证对用户按公正准则来加以调度。如,公正的准则可防止***偏向那些(比起距离远的移动用户)离基站近的移动用台。请求的数据速率根据在被调度的用户所收到的信号质量。对载波对干扰比(C/I)进行测量,并用来确定通信的数据速率。
图2示出说明图1***20的工作状态图,如符合于HAI技术规范的HDR***工作。此状态图说明与一个移动用户MSi的工作。在状态30,标以“INIT”,基站22可以访问分组数据信道24。在此状态期间,初始化包括取得正向导频信道和同步控制。在完成初始化时,工作移至状态32,标以“IDLE”。在空间状态中,对用户的连接是关闭的,分组数据信道24等待进一步打开连接的命令。当移动站MSi在加以调度时,工作移至状态34,标以“TRANSMIT”(传送)。在状态34,与MSi进行传输,其中MSi使用反向业务信道,而基站22使用正向业务信道。如果传输或连接失败,或传输终止,则工作回到“IDLE”状态32。如果调度移动站26-28内的另一个用户,则此传输将终止。如果调度移动站26-28之外的新的用户MSj,工作就回到“INIT”(起始)状态30来建立此连接。这样,***能调度用户26-28以及通过另外的访问网络所连接的用户。
调度用户通过多用户分集可使***20对移动站26-28的服务最佳化。有关移动站26-29内3个移动站MSO,MSi和MSN的使用图形的例子示于图3。各用户收到的功率(按分贝计)作为时间函数加以图示。在时间t1时,MSN接收一个强的信号,而MSO和MSi收到的信号没有这么强。在时间t2时,MSi收到最强的信号,而在时间t3时,MSN收到最强的信号。因此,***20能环绕时间t1,调度与MSN通信,环绕时间t2与MSi通信,及环绕时间t3,与MSO通信。基站至少部分是根据从各移动站26-28所收到的DRC来确定调度。
***20内的示例性HDR传输示于图4。导频信道传输是和分组数据信道混杂在一起的。如,导频信道使用从时间t0至t1的所有有用的功率,同样从时间t2至t3。分组数据信道使用时间t1至t2的所有有用的功率和从时间t3等等。各移动站26-28根据作为由导频信道所采用的总的有用的功率来计算数据速率。数据速率与有用功率成正比。当分组数据***20是传送分组数据至移动站26-28时,此导频信道精确地反映有用的功率计算。然而,当话音和其他低时延数据服务在一个无线通信***中耦合时,计算就更复杂。
图5按一实施例示出CDMA无线通信***50。基站52与多个移动用户进行通信,此基站采用的服务包括,但不限于只是低时延数据服务如,话音服务,低时延数据和分组数据服务和/或只是分组数据服务。此***实施cdma2000兼容性协议进行发送分组数据的服务同时还与低时延数据服务一起工作。在一给定的时间,移动站58和60(MS1和MS2)只使用分组数据服务,而移动站62(MS4)只使用话音服务。基站52通过正向和反向信道72与MS462保持通信链路,和通过正向和反向通信70与MS3,56保持通信链路。对HDR通信,基站52通过分组数据信道54调度用户进行数据通信。还示出HDR通过信道64与MS3,56进行通信,通过信道66与MS1,58进行通信,通过信道68与MS260进行通信。各分组数据服务的用户在各自的DRC上提供数据速率信息至基站52。在一实施例中,***50在一个给定的时期,调度一个分组数据。而在另一些实施例中,同时调度多个链路,其中,各个链路只使用一部分有用的功率。
按照一实施例,***50的工作图示于图6。导频信道是连续提供的,这是一种典型的低时延数据***。当传输起始、处理和终止时,低时延数据信道所采用的功率随时间而变化,并按照特定的通信。在导频信道和低时延数据服务都满足后,分组数据信道可采用有用的功率。分组数据信道也称“存贮的辅助信道(PSCH)”,包括在专用的和共用的信道分配后可取得的***资源。如图6所示,动态资料的分配涉及存贮的所有专用的功率和扩频码,如沃尔什码来组成PSCH。有关PSCH可取得的最大传播功率为Iormax。
按照一实施例,PSCH信道格式限定并行的子信道,每个子信道具有唯一的扩频码。然后对一个数据帧进行编码、交错和调制。形成的信号在子信道上多路分解。在接收机上,将信号加在一起以重建帧。可变帧长度编码方案可在较低帧速率/每时间段提供较长的帧。各编码的分组分片为子分组数据,其中各子分组通过一个或多个时间段发送出去,提供增量的冗余。
与图4相比,利用HDR传输,增加低时延数据为测量可用的功率引入一个可变的层次。特别是,在只是分组数据的***中,如图4所示,所有扩频码如沃尔什码都可应用在选择的传输链路上。当话音或低时延数据服务加到分组数据服务上时,可用的代码数成为可变的,随着时间而变化。当话音和低时延数据服务数量变化时,用于传输数据的代码数量也变化。
如图6所示,在时期从t0至t1期间对MS1加以调度,从t1至t2,对MS2加以调度。在从t2至t3时间的期间,对多个分组的数据链路加以连接,包括MS1,MS3和MS4。在从t3至t4时间期间,再次仅对MS1加以调度。如图所示,在整个时期t0至t4内,低时延数据信道能耗用的功率不断变化,影响分组数据通信可用的功率。当各移动站在接收传输前,计算数据速率时,如果有用的功率降低,而数据速率没有相应的变化,则在传输中会出现问题。为了向移动站56-60提供有关有用的功率的最新信息,基站52确定有用的功率对导频信道功率之比。此比值也称为“业务-导频比”,或“T/P”比。基站52向受调度的移动站56-60提供此比值。移动站56-60使用T/P比,连同导频信道的SNR,本文与称“导频SNR”一起,来确定数据速率。在一实施例中,导频SNR根据T/P比来加以调整,以计算“业务SNR”,其中业务SNR与数据速率相关。随后,移动站56-60发送数据速率回到基站52,作为DRC数据速率的请求。
在一实施例中,T/P比包括在分组数据的首部,或缩截为或***至分组数据通信之间的高速率分组数据信道。如图7所示,T/P比值信息在业务前传送出去,并提供移动站56-60有关作为低时延数据信道变化结果的有用的功率的修正信息。此类变化也影响用于扩展信息信号的代码如,沃尔什码的数量。有用的功率减少和代码减少,其结果是降低数据速率。如,在一实施例中,如果有多个分组数据链路,则对于给定用户或所有用户的分组数据是在CDMA***中相应于沃尔什码16-19的信道上传送的。
在图8所示的一个示例性实施例中,使用并行信令信道向移动用户提供T/P比信息。并行信令信道是由独立的沃尔什码所载送的低速率信道。此并行信令信道向目标接收者传送用于业务的信道和采用的编码类型。使用独立的载频,或通过可形成独立的信道的多种方法的任一种,就可实施并行的信令信道。
注意,用于特定用户的分组数据是在1个或多个事先选择的信道上传送的。如,在CDMA无线通信***的一个实施例中,将沃尔什代码16至19赋予数据通信。在图8所示的示例性实施例中,信令信息是在具有低传输速率的独立的信道上传送的。信令信息可与数据包同时发送。信令信息指出数据包的目标接收者,数据包的传输信道和采用的编码。信令信息可用独立的沃尔什代码,或通过缩截或***法进行分时多路复用至高速率数据中。
在一种实施例中,信令信息被编码为比数据包帧更短的帧,如首部,可使接收机解码此信令信息并作出相应的处理决定。对可能针对该接收机的接收数据进行缓冲处理,等待处理决定。如果接收机不是数据的目标接收者,则接收机就放弃缓冲的数据,或中断数据的所有处理如缓冲等。如果此信令信道不包含该接收机的数据,则此接收机放弃缓冲器,并且接收机使用信令信息中指出的参数对缓冲的数据进行解码,减少***的任何待机时间。
在一个实施例中,将并行信令信道传送至多个用户。因为多个用户能够对到达各个用户的数据加以区别,因而多个用户中的各个用户也能接收公共分组数据。这样,通过信令信息来提供此配置信息,各用户能检索和解码此分组数据。在一实施例中,向多个用户传输消息,其中,还传送一个组标识符。属于此组的移动用户事先知道此组标识符。此组标识符放在信息首部。此组标识符可以是独特的沃尔什代码或其他标识此组的手段。在一实施例中,移动用户可能属于多个组。
图9示出***50内适合分组数据服务的移动站80的一部分。T/P比值信息提供至T/P处理器82。导频信号提供至SNR测量单元84,以计算收到的导频信号的SNR。T/P比和导频SNR的输出提供至乘法器86,以确定信息SNR。此信息SNR然后提供至数据速率相关器88,此相关器88执行从业务SNR至相关数据速率适应性变换。随后,数据速率相关器88生成通过DRC进行传输的数据速率。这部分的移动站80所执行的功能可用于专用硬件、软件、固件或它们之组合。
T/P比可用并行的信令信道来传输,如图8所示。因为接收机将根据T/P比来确定数据速率,所以信令信息不包括数据速率。接收机然后根据传送的同步信息确定数据到达时间。信令信息与数据并行地传送。在另一实例中,把信令信息穿入数据。
图10是按照一实施例示出在能够进行分组数据和低时延数据两种传输的组合的无线通信***中处理数据的方法100。移动站接收信息帧,此帧是通过信息信道而收到的,步骤102。此信息帧在步骤104加以缓冲。缓冲可使移动站在较晚时间来处理此信息,而不至于丢失传送的数据。如,对收到的数据进行缓冲的同时,进行另外处理。或者在本实例中采用数据缓冲时延处理,直到移动站确定数据的目标接收者。目标为另外移动站的数据不予处理,并且宁可予以忽视,以节省可贵的处理能力。当移动站确认自己是目标接收者时,此缓冲的数据可用于检索和处理。缓冲的数据表示收到的射频的抽样。另外一些实例可确定传输的数据速率,而不用对信息进行缓存,其中,对接收到的信息加以处理,不用首先贮存于缓冲器中。
继续参见图10,在步骤104,移动站对有关信息帧的接收者信息进行解码。在判断方框108中,此过程判断给定的移动用户是否与此目标接收者匹配。如果不匹配,此过程继续至步骤110,以放弃缓冲的信息帧。然后,处理回到步骤102,以接收下一个信息帧。如果此移动站用户与目标接收者是匹配的,则在步骤112处对此业务信道帧进行解码,然后,处理过程回到步骤102。对一小部分传输解码并避免不必要的解码和处理的能力提高了移动用户的工作效率,并减少了相关的功耗。
图11示出按照一实施例的组合无线通信***中确定数据速率的各种方法。在步骤122,移动站通过业务和导频信道接收信号。在步骤124,移动站根据收到的导频信号确定“导频SNR”。在此实施例中,导频信号是在指定的导频传输的唯一的信道上传送的。在另外些实例中,导频信号可以在一个或更多信道上缩截成一个或多个传输信号。在一实施例中,导频信号在不同于信息信道频率的预定频率下传送。对分组数据传输,基站和各移动站确定用于传输的数据速率。在一实施例中,基站确定传输速率,并通知移动站。在另一个实施例中,基站和移动站协商一个数据速率,其中,相互提供信息。此判断方框126按照作出的数据速率判断来分开处理流程。如果移动站作出数据速率判断,则处理过程继续进行至步骤136。如果移动站没有作出数据速率判断,则处理过程继续进行至步骤128。
在一实施例中,确定数据速率的方法包含移动站和基站的协商。在协商中,移动站确定最大可获得的数据速率。如果移动站是基站唯一的接收机,则最大可获得的数据速率可代表数据速率。在此情况下,来自基站获的总发射功率是专用于移动站的。如图所示,在步骤128,移动站接收传播-导频比,或B/P比,传播功率是基站的总发送功率。导频功率是从基站传送的导频信号所耗用的功率。移动站确定归一化数据速率,作为B/P比和导频SNR的函数。如果所有传播功率都是用于移动户和导频信号的数据业务,则归一化数据速率对应于移动用户所请求的数据速率,而忽略诸如图5所示***50内的其他用户。换言之归一化数据速率是最大可获得的数据速率。随后,在步骤132,归一化数据速率随后通过“归一化数据速率信道(NDRC)”发送至基站。基站从各移动站接收NDRC,并为各移动用户确定相应的数据速率。然后,在步骤134,将数据速率指示符发送至各移动站。接着,处理过程继续至步骤144,并且,移动站以此数据速率接收业务,最后返回至步骤122。
B/P比表示一般随时间变化较慢的常数。基站知道总传播功率和用于导频信道的功率之比。另外的实施例施行另外的功率指示符,如,采用发送信号的能量的中外表示法,信号功率频谱密度等等。
继续参见图11,在确定数据速率的另一方法中,数据速率的判断是由移动站作出的。对于该实施例,在步骤136,移动站接收信息对导频比,即T/P比。在步骤138,移动站通过按照用于业务传输所用的功率来调整导频SNR,使用此计算的导频SNR来生成“业务SNR”。在本实例中,使用T/P比来调整导频SNR。通信SNR然后反映出使用有用的功率的业务传输的估算的SNR。在步骤140,使业务SNR与数据速率相关。业务SNR可与载波-干扰(C/I)比或其他信道质量指示符相关。在一实施例中,查找表贮存业务SNR和相关的数据速率。然后,在步骤142,在“数据请求信道”(DRC)上提供作为对基站请求的数据速率。处理过程继续至步骤144。
在另一实施例中,移动站使用收到的导频信号来估算T/P比。此收到的导频信号提供一个用于对业务信息进行解码的信道估算值。低通滤波器滤可以用来对来自收到的导频信号中的噪声分量进行滤波。滤波提供了导频信号中接收到的噪声的估算值。随后,根据滤波结果,估算T/P比。作为例子,考虑下述的***模型:
其中,rk t和rk p分别是在移动站处接收到的业务和导频信号。信道增益c是复数。有关业务和导频的噪声分别用nk i和nk p表示。导频和业务的集总功率(lumped power)分别为P和T。如上所述,和其中Ec t和Ec p分别表示yw和导频信道的每一片(chip)的能量,并且,其中,Gt和Gp是相应的处理增益。注意,由于都带有零均方和方差Nt的不同代码信道之间的正交性,所以噪声nk t和nk p被看作是单独。对于上述***模型来说,业务-导频比的估算值由下式给出:
使用下列估算法可求出业务-导频比的最大似然(ML)估算值:
取近似后,(3)简化为:
其中,假设构象具有单位平均功率。
其中,(5)的估算是渐近地无偏的。注意,最佳的估算考虑测试统计数的第1动量(moment),同时(5)的估算计划估算第2阶动量。在此二方法形成的无偏的估算的同时,第2阶动量一般将引入较大的估算方差。还考虑到,使用第1阶动量,所需的数据序列是得不到的,故移动站要事先使用平列模式(constellation)的专门格式。
在另一实施例中,T/P比估算法利用来估算并取得经验概率密度函数(PDK)注意,为使M足够大,xk可近似地认为是具有平均Rsk的高斯。然后,可以从xk的PDF中提取R估算值。在这方面有许多方法是从xk的PDK中来估算R。在从PDF中提取业务-导频比中,有几个特征可加利用。如,与高SNR相关的高阶调制中,把xk组合入几个群。这些群的中心布局类似于sk的并行模式的布局。对M-PAM,M-QAM和M-PSK,一些并行模式点的间隔是相等的。注意,各群的分布近似遵循高斯PDF。利用源编码如,压缩和/或声码和信道编码等,发送的符号是大体相等。
在频域或时域中,算法继续进行。对频域分析,并行模式的数个点可排列为相等的间隔,如xk的PDF的群,表示PDF是周期性的。然后,此间隔或周期由频域分析来确定。如,通过计算PDF函数的DFT来产生直方图,此算法再找出主要周期。根据主要周期和2个并行模式点之间的周期来计算R。对M-QAM,二维PDF函数可看作是两个独立的一维函数。另外,在时域中可采用相等间隔的特性。如,通过计算PDF的自相关函数,紧跟在零偏置后的第1旁瓣的位置可提供二个相近群的中心之间的平均周期的估算。
在又一实例中,首先找出PDF群的N个中心。对于k=0,1…N-1,此方法假设估算的中心是{dk},而对于k=0,1…,N-1,构象点{ak}是同阶(order)的。应用最小平方算法,可产生下列的R估算
注意,PDF函数的中心可由多种方法来确定。
因为构象点大体上相等,故此方法是首先从PDF中找出累计概率函数(CDF)。通过对CDF应用门限的方案来实行组群。然后使用第一阶动量通过组内的平均来计算各组的中心。在另外些实施例中,可采用如在图像处理中所用的特征取出的技术,其中如,特征可以是建立在高斯PDF近似值上的峰值或模塑(template)。注意,图像分段技术如,如成群或区域生长可提供使经验的PDF的点成组的方法。比较(6)与(4),描述了成群处理和硬解码之间的相似性,其中(4)中实际信号sk是由(b)中的硬解码的符号am所替代。
在典型的HDR***中,如图1所示的***20,在某一时刻在基站之间建立起一条链路。在一实施例中,一种无线通信***加以扩展,可在某一时刻支持多个用户。换言之,图5的***50可使基站52同时发送数据至移动单元56,58和60的多个数据用户。注意,在图5中示出3个移动单元的同时,在***50内也可以有任何数量的移动单元与基站52通信。多个用户的扩大要通过分组数据信道54提供多路通信。在一给定的时间,受到分组数据信道支持的用户称为“工作接收机”。各工作接收机对信令消息进行解码,以确定分组数据信道54的T/P比。各工作接收机处理T/P比,不考虑其他工作接收机的潜在能力。基站从各工作接收机接收数据速率请求,并按比例分配功率。
回到图1,在传统的HDR通信***中,许多信息是事先知道的,包括,但不限于构象信息、编码方案、信道标识和传输分组数据的有用的功率。构象信息是指数字数据信息调制到载波上用于传输的调制方案。调制方案包括,但不限于“二进制相移键控”、“正交相移键控(QPSK)”、“正交幅度变换(QAM)”等等。编码方案拥有把源信息编码成数字式形式的方面,包括,但不限于“乱码编码”、“卷积编码”、“差错编码”如,循环冗余检验(CRC),速率设定等等。接收机通过DRC可请求构象和编码信息。信道标识包括,但不限于扩频通信***中扩展代码如,沃尔什代码,并且可以包括载频。信道标识可事先确定并且是固定的。根据已知的总的有用的发送功率和已知的导频信号功率,通常用于分组数据传输的传输功率是已知的。
在1个分组数据和低时延数据的组合***中,有些上述的信息是事先不知道的,而是这些信息受到与低时延数据所分享的有用的功率和有用的信道的变化的影响,如话音通信。下面表中作出一比较。
表1HDR***中可用的信息
HDR | 组合 | 组合 | |
信息 | 只有分组数据 | T/P | 信令信道 |
目标接收者 | 解码数据包 | 解码数据包 | 消息 |
构象 | DRC | DRC | DRC |
编码 | DRC | DRC | DRc |
信道 | 固定的 | 未知的 | 消息 |
数据业务功率 | 固定的 | T/P | 未知的 |
信令信道的使用,如图8所示,向接收机提供了许多信息。此消息标识目标接收者和分组数据传输用的信道。DRC信息请求数据速率,规定构象和编码。设有可用的业务功率指示符,其中在一个实例中,此指示符表示有用的业务功率与导频信号强度之比,提供了确定数据速率的量度。按照一个采用分开的并行的信令信道的实例,有关目标接收者,构象和编码的信息通过业务信道和/或DRC来传输的,同时有关数据信道和数据的业务功率是通过并行信令信道传输的。
上述的实施例和实施例组合的应用可把分组数据和低时延数据传输结合在一个无线通信***中。如上所述,话音与分组数据的组合会在传输过程中引入变数。分开的信令信道的应用在无线通信***中提供信息给接收机,而不会使通信质量降级。信令信道的信息可标识目标接收者信息。把有用的通信指示传输至接收机可提供有助于接收机确定从发射机来的数据速率。同样,由多接收机使用信息指示时,其中各接收机从中计算数据速率,此发射机接收有助于发射机在分配传输信道为分组数据传输至多接收机的信息。
这样,现已陈述了无线通信***中高速率数据传输的新的和改进的方法和装置。尽管在本文中讨论的典型实施例中描述了CDMA***,大各种实施例都可应用于所有无线按用户连接的方法。为了实行有效的通信***,该典型实施例是针对HDR来描述的,但也可有效应用于IS-95,W-CDMA,IS-2000,GSM,TDMA等等。
本行业专业人员懂得,整个上述说明中所参照的数据,指令,命令,信息,信号,数据位,符号和片码等都可方便地由电压,电流,电磁波,磁场或粒子,光场或粒子,或任何上述组合等来表示。
这些专业人员也知道本文中所揭示的有关实施例所描述的各种图示逻辑块,模块,电路和算法步骤等均可以电子硬件,计算机软件或此二者的组合来实施。各种图示的部件,功能块,模块,电路和步骤一般均以其功能性来加以描述。功能性的实施是否采用硬件或软件,这取决于特定的应用和加上总***上的设计制约,和如何最佳地为各个特定应用实施所陈述的功能性。
如,本文所揭示的有关实例所描述的各种图示的逻辑图,模块,电路和算法步骤等都可用下列方法来实施或完成,如数字式信号处理器(DSP),专用集成电路(ASIC),现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其他可编程逻辑器件,分立式门或晶体管逻辑电路,分立式硬件部件如,寄存器和先入先出型,执行1组固件指令的处理器,任何常规的可编程软件模块和处理器,或可完成本文所述的功能所设计的任何组合。处理器最好为微处理器,但在另外方法中,处理器也是一般常规的处理器,控制器,微控制器或状态机。软件模块可驻留在RAM,FLASH存贮器,ROM,电子可编程ROM,电子可擦可编程ROM,寄存器,硬盘,可取下的盘片,小型碟片ROM(CD-ROM)或本行业熟知的任何贮存媒体形式。处理器可驻留在ASIC(未示出)。ASIC可驻留在电话中(未示出)。处理器可以DSP和微处理机组合或有2只微处理机结合DSP核芯来实施。
本文所提供的最佳实例的上述说明可使本行业任何专业人员制作或利用本发明。对本行专业人员来说,这些实例的各种改进也是显而易见的,在不使用本发明技术情况下,本文限定的类属原则可应用至其他实例中。因此,本发明并不想局限于本文所示的实例,而是给予与本文所揭示的原则和新的特征相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种在无线通信***中使用的方法,所述***支持在多个传输信道上进行分组数据传输和低时延数据传输,所述方法包括下述步骤:
通过一组分组数据信道,发送分组数据;和
通过信令信道,发送与所述分组数据相关的控制信息,其中所述信令信道与此组分数据信道分开,所述控制信息标识相关分组数据的目标接收者/所述传输信道或者用于所述分数数据传输的信道,并且所述控制信息还标识所述分组数据的编码方案;
接收来自多个移动单元的数据请求;
按照所述数据请求,确定传输调度;
给所述多个移动单元中的每个单元,指派优先级;和
根据所述优先级,在所述多个移动单元中确定业务调度,
其中,将高优先级给予相比其他多个移动单元遇到较少干扰的移动单元。
2.一种在无线通信***中使用的方法,所述***支持在多个传输信道上进行分组数据传输和低时延数据传输,所述方法包括下述步骤:
通过一组分组数据信道,发送分组数据;和
通过信令信道,发送与所述分组数据相关的控制信息,其中所述信令信道与此组分数据信道分开,并且所述控制信息标识相关分组数据的目标接收者。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述控制信息还标识所述分组数据的编码方案。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括下述步骤:
接收来自多个移动单元的数据请求;和
按照所述数据请求,确定传输调度。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,
给所述多个移动单元中的每个单元,指派优先级;和
根据所述优先级,在所述多个移动单元中确定业务调度。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,将高优先级给予相比其他多个移动单元遇到较少干扰的移动单元。
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