CN101790940A - Technology for culturing high-resistance kiwifruit stock and grafting excellent kiwifruit scion variety onto the high-resistance kiwifruit stock - Google Patents
Technology for culturing high-resistance kiwifruit stock and grafting excellent kiwifruit scion variety onto the high-resistance kiwifruit stock Download PDFInfo
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- CN101790940A CN101790940A CN201010139458A CN201010139458A CN101790940A CN 101790940 A CN101790940 A CN 101790940A CN 201010139458 A CN201010139458 A CN 201010139458A CN 201010139458 A CN201010139458 A CN 201010139458A CN 101790940 A CN101790940 A CN 101790940A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technology for culturing a high-resistance kiwifruit stock and grafting excellent kiwifruit scion variety onto the high-resistance kiwifruit stock, belonging to the technology of culturing high-resistance fruit tree in the field of the agricultural technology. The technology for culturing and grafting high-resistance kiwifruit stock comprises the steps of culturing the high-resistance kiwifruit stock, grafting the excellent kiwifruit scion variety and culturing the high-resistance kiwifruit stock and the excellent kiwifruit scion variety. The actinidia valvata stock is used as the stock, and the actinidia valvata tree belongs to the actinidia of the actinidiaceae, is the plant which is peculiar to the mountainous area in the southern china and is the liane which tends to grow nearby the water source area, has developed root system and can be cultured in the mountains area, the plain area and the area where water is easy to accumulate. After the excellent kiwifruit scion variety is grafted onto the actinidia valvata stock, the actinidia valvata stock and the excellent kiwifruit scion variety can be strongly compatible, and the characteristic of the excellent kiwifruit scion variety can be kept. Compared with the prior art, the kiwifruit tree has strong waterlogging resisting and insect resisting capacity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the high resistance fruit tree planting technique in the agricultural technology field, be specifically related to the cultivation and the grafting method of a kind of anti-stain, disease and insect resistance kiwi fruit stock.
Technical background
Kiwi fruit is the king of universally acknowledged fruit, has high nutritive value and medical care effect, is especially developed country's competitively one of the new type of health fruit of development and best fruit of world health organisation recommendations at present of countries in the world.China is the kiwi fruit original producton location, and about 1,000,000 mu of cultivated area accounts for 50% of the global kiwi fruit cultivation gross area; Produce 650000 tons of Kiwi fresh fruits per year, account for 40% of Gross World Product.China's kiwi fruit area under cultivation and output all rank first in the world.
Chinese actinidia root is a fleshy root, and main root is undeveloped, and during 2～3 true leaves of seedling, main root just stops growing.Along with growing of lateral root, main root tapers off and forms the lateral root group of similar clustering property.Because the root system of kiwi fruit is shallow, the root cortex is thick, to soil hypoxia response sensitivity, in the Chang Buneng existence of accumulated water area.Kiwi fruit anti-stain poor ability, particularly seedling phase, all death in one day of root accumulated water becomes shoot root portion accumulated water promptly all to catch an illness in 48 hours and death.Therefore the soil accumulated water is bigger than the threat of arid, will pay special attention to when kiwi fruit is built the garden addressing.
At present, the domestic kiwi fruit kind of wideling popularize cultivation is mainly the kind of seed selections such as " good No. 1 of rice ", " Qin Mei ", " Jin Kui ", all adopt the seedling of Chinese gooseberry and delicious kiwi fruit to make stock, ubiquity the not anti-stain of kind, not disease-resistant two hang-ups, and is particularly particularly outstanding with the performance of easy ponding mountain area in China flat area.Therefore, the basic anvil material of a kind of function admirable of seed selection carries out grafting, utilizes the merit of stock and characteristic to strengthen cultivar resistance and adaptability, can improve survival rate, enlarges the training scope of carrying; Simultaneously, the anvil seedling of selecting for use is bred easily, can make full use of the elite stand branch again, increases breeding quantity, helps obtaining specification unanimity, best in quality, high resistance nursery stock that proterties is stable.Therefore, the researching and solving of the cultivation of high resistance kiwi fruit stock and graft technology thereof is to the survival rate that improves the kiwi fruit cultivation, reduce damage by disease and insect, increase output, improve aspects such as fruit quality extremely important meaning is all arranged.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of cultivation and grafting method of high resistance kiwi fruit stock, have very strong anti-stain and diseases and insect pests resistance with the kiwi fruit after this base anvil material grafting, less demanding to growing environment, adaptability is strong, survival rate height after the grafting, kiwi fruit output and fruit quality all have significant improvement.
1, method feature of the present invention
Method disclosed by the invention comprises the cultivation of high resistance kiwi fruit stock and two steps of grafting cultivation of kiwi fruit.
(1) cultivation of high resistance kiwi fruit stock
The basic anvil material of selecting for use is the Actinidiaceae actinidia for to calyx kiwi fruit (Actinidia valvata).To the calyx kiwi fruit is the endemic plant resource in southern china mountain area, self-sow is in the mountain area of 400 meters to 1100 meters of height above sea level, well developed root system, it is the liane of liking near the water source growth, it not only suits in the mountain area cultivation, but also is suitable for flat area and easily ponding zone (rice field, low-lying land etc.) cultivation.With the calyx kiwi fruit is made stock, after the improved seeds grafting of kiwi fruit, show very strong affinity, can keep the proterties of improved seeds, domestic research and the practice of not carrying out this respect as yet at present.
The basic anvil material that the present invention recommended promptly to the calyx kiwi fruit in cultivating the process of stock, seed is handled by the husky alternating temperature of hiding, and to select sand loam better, transplants in spring or summer behind the germinating to seedling when nursing young plants in hothouses, long after certain rugosity (more than 0.5 centimetre) when seedling, get final product grafting; Tendril spray or the hard branch of perhaps selecting for use about 10 centimetres of length to have two full buds are made plugged ear, carry out vegetative propagation in sand loam cuttage (25 ℃～27 ℃ of control temperature), cultivate basic anvil, take root for getting final product grafting after surviving.
(2) high resistance kiwi fruit stock and good kiwi fruit kind grafting cultivation
In high resistance kiwi fruit stock and good kiwi fruit kind grafting cultivation process, high resistance kiwi fruit anvil seedling was transplanted 1 year earlier, reached 0.5 centimetre of rugosity when above, carried out grafting with the kiwi fruit scion.Gather on the developmental branch that the kiwi fruit scion should be pure in kind, healthy and strong, substantial, eye is full more than annual, with the method grafting of above-mentioned stock with cut-grafting or side grafting, management in good time promptly gets high resistance kiwi fruit sapling.
Can adapt to cultivation under the environmental conditions such as Different Altitude, different physical features, different soils, level land, different river valley to the high resistance kiwi fruit sapling behind the calyx kiwi fruit stock grafting, make the cultivation of kiwi fruit no longer be confined in high altitude mountainous area or the higher mountain region of physical features, can also adapt to the lower channel basin of physical features, easily soak or Plain cultivation.
2, advantage of the present invention
The present invention compared with prior art has following remarkable advantage:
1. adaptability is strong, in Different Altitude, and different physical features, different soils, ground such as level land, different river valley can both make the kiwi fruit normal growth, can enlarge the kiwi fruit cultural area.
2. solved because of making stock with conventional seedling, the serious degradation problem of kiwi fruit improved seeds.
3. anti-stain, disease-resistant worm abilities such as (root rot, crown gall, root knot nematode diseases) are strong, solve the not anti-stain of the former stock of kiwi fruit and the damage by disease and insect problem that causes.
4. the kind high yield behind the high anti-stock grafting, the fruit type is big, and fruit shape is rectified, and size is neat, raciness.
3, the specific embodiment of the invention
The first step, the cultivation of kiwi fruit base anvil.Select robust growth for use, the good plant of no damage by disease and insect does the elite stand of seed collecting, the seed of the abundant ripening fruits of gathering, carry out sand and hide the alternating temperature processing, that is: seed is mixed with wet husky 1: 6～8, husky water content is about 20%, the container earthen basin, bottom is put 10 centimetres wet sand, put the seed that mixes river sand on it, the wet sand that upper cover is 5 centimetres, high and dry in physical features, well-drained local trench-digging by north back of the body sun, then container is put into trench, container upper cover last layer straw, straw upper berth damp sand loam is inserted wisp sorghum stalks when putting container, the Elisha hides seed and ventilates, and lamination handles that seed germination rate can reach 95% after 60 days.When nursing young plants in hothouses, select sand loam better, transplant in spring or summer, long after certain rugosity (more than 0.5 centimetre) when seedling, get final product grafting; Tendril spray or the hard branch of perhaps selecting for use about 10 centimetres of length to have two full buds are made plugged ear, in sand loam cuttage (25 ℃～27 ℃ of control temperature), carry out vegetative propagation, cultivate basic anvil.
Second step, high resistance kiwi fruit stock and good kiwi fruit kind grafting cultivation.On the good kiwi fruit developmental branch that kind is pure, healthy and strong, substantial, eye is full more than annual, gather the kiwi fruit scion, with of the method grafting of above-mentioned stock, promptly obtain high resistance kiwi fruit sapling through rich water quality management, pruning in good time with cut-grafting or side grafting.Generally grafting then, next year examination flower, examination fruit were gone into operation, entered high yield period on the 4th year on the 3rd year.
Employing resists the comparative trial of steeping survival rate to the kiwi fruit that calyx kiwi fruit stock and conventional seedling stock carry out grafting, sees table 1 for details.
The anti-stain of table 1 pair calyx kiwi fruit stock and conventional seedling stock survival rate contrast experiment
| Accumulated water is handled | To calyx kiwi fruit stock grafting seedling survival rate | The kiwi fruit stock grafting seedling survival rate of growing directly from seeds |
| Root soaked 24 hours | ??100％ | ??37％ |
| Root soaked 48 hours | ??100％ | ??15％ |
| Root soaked 72 hours | ??100％ | ??0％ |
Result of the test shows, adopting the calyx kiwi fruit is that the anti-stain survival rate of kiwi fruit of stock grafting is apparently higher than seedling kiwi fruit stock.
The kiwi fruit nursery stock that employing is carried out grafting to calyx kiwi fruit stock and conventional seedling stock is transplanted under varying environment, carries out the comparative trial of disease and insect resistance, sees table 2 for details.
Table 2 pair calyx kiwi fruit stock and conventional seedling stock disease and insect resistance contrast experiment
| Cultivation condition | To calyx kiwi fruit stock grafting seedling | The routine kiwi fruit stock grafting seedling that grows directly from seeds |
| With the plant companion planting that canker is arranged | Reactionless | A month postoperative infection canker |
| With the plant companion planting that damping off is arranged | Reactionless | A month postoperative infection damping off |
| In the soil that the bat moth larvae is arranged, cultivate | Reactionless | Be subjected to the harm of bat moth larvae after one month |
| In being arranged, the soil of root knot nematode disease cultivates | Reactionless | Be subjected to the harm of root knot nematode disease after one month |
Result of the test shows, utilizes the calyx kiwi fruit obviously is better than the kiwi fruit stock that grows directly from seeds for the diseases and insect pests resistance of the kiwi fruit of grafted with base anvil.
Claims (3)
1. the cultivation and the graft technology thereof of one kind high resistance kiwi fruit stock, it is characterized in that: the basic anvil material of selecting for use is to calyx kiwi fruit (Actinidia valvata), be the Actinidiaceae actinidia, it comprises cultivation and high resistance kiwi fruit stock and two steps of good kiwi fruit kind grafting cultivation of kiwi fruit stock.
2. the cultivation and the graft technology thereof of a kind of high resistance kiwi fruit stock according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the cultivating process of kiwi fruit stock seed is handled by the husky alternating temperature of hiding, and nurses young plants in hothouses, long after certain rugosity (more than 0.5 centimetre) when seedling, get final product grafting; Tendril spray or the hard branch of perhaps selecting for use about 10 centimetres of length to have two full buds are made plugged ear, carry out vegetative propagation in sand loam cuttage (25 ℃～27 ℃ of control temperature), cultivate basic anvil, take root for getting final product grafting after surviving.
3. the cultivation and the graft technology thereof of a kind of high resistance kiwi fruit stock according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in high resistance kiwi fruit stock and good kiwi fruit kind grafting cultivation process, high resistance kiwi fruit anvil seedling was transplanted 1 year earlier, reach 0.5 centimetre of rugosity when above, carry out grafting with the kiwi fruit scion; Gather on the developmental branch that the kiwi fruit scion should be pure in kind, healthy and strong, substantial, eye is full more than annual, with the method grafting of above-mentioned stock with cut-grafting or side grafting, management in good time promptly gets high resistance kiwi fruit sapling.
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102227995A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2011-11-02 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for quickly improving outplanting rate of culture of kiwi fruit seedlings |
| CN102487735A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-06-13 | 四川苍溪猕猴桃研究所 | Kiwifruit inarching method |
| CN102783368A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-11-21 | 贵州梵之语实业有限公司 | White kiwi breeding and cultivating technology |
| CN103535240A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-01-29 | 山东省果树研究所 | Breeding method for peach seedlings |
| CN104472234A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-01 | 重庆文理学院 | Rootstock-grafted cultivation method for kiwi fruit |
| CN105075772A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-25 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Cultivating method of rootstock seedlings of kiwi fruits |
| CN105123281A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-09 | 贵州大学 | Kiwi berry spring high budding method |
| CN105918045A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-09-07 | 溆浦瑞昌农民专业合作社 | Kiwifruit cultivation method |
| CN106134788A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2016-11-23 | 马井芳 | A kind of cultural method of the grafted with base anvil of Fructus actinidiae chinensis |
| CN106416762A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-02-22 | 资源县山水美水果种植园（微型企业） | Secondary grafting method of hongyang kiwifruit |
| CN106472121A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-03-08 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of cultural method viewing and admiring the multiple Kiwifruit Cultivars of potted plant Fructus actinidiae chinensiss grafting |
| CN106561214A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-04-19 | 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 | Cutting seedling growing method for improving freezing resistance of pomegranate |
| CN106818225A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-13 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | A kind of tender anvil grafting rapid breeding method of Kiwi berry |
| CN107409771A (en) * | 2017-06-04 | 2017-12-01 | 贵州村华秋实现代生态农业有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of red kiwifruit |
| CN107494148A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 安徽秋歌农业开发有限公司 | A kind of high glycoform Kiwi berry implantation methods |
| CN109757287A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-05-17 | 四川和泽农业有限公司 | A kind of Kiwi berry orchard establishment and implantation methods |
| CN112931013A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-11 | 四川省自然资源科学研究院 | Rapid propagation and culture method of excellent kiwi fruit stock |
| JP2023020859A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2023-02-09 | ▲楊▼▲鳳▼考 | Method for growing kiwi fruit variety having spot, cold resistance, low sugar content and heavy fruity aroma, and slow to mature |
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Cited By (22)
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| CN102227995A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2011-11-02 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for quickly improving outplanting rate of culture of kiwi fruit seedlings |
| CN102487735A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-06-13 | 四川苍溪猕猴桃研究所 | Kiwifruit inarching method |
| CN102487735B (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-04-24 | 四川苍溪猕猴桃研究所 | Kiwifruit inarching method |
| CN102783368A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-11-21 | 贵州梵之语实业有限公司 | White kiwi breeding and cultivating technology |
| CN102783368B (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2013-12-04 | 贵州梵之语实业有限公司 | White kiwi breeding and cultivating technology |
| CN103535240A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-01-29 | 山东省果树研究所 | Breeding method for peach seedlings |
| CN104472234A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-01 | 重庆文理学院 | Rootstock-grafted cultivation method for kiwi fruit |
| CN106134788A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2016-11-23 | 马井芳 | A kind of cultural method of the grafted with base anvil of Fructus actinidiae chinensis |
| CN105075772A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-25 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Cultivating method of rootstock seedlings of kiwi fruits |
| CN105123281B (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2018-02-13 | 贵州大学 | A kind of method that Kiwi berry spring high position bud connects |
| CN105123281A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-09 | 贵州大学 | Kiwi berry spring high budding method |
| CN105918045A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-09-07 | 溆浦瑞昌农民专业合作社 | Kiwifruit cultivation method |
| CN106416762A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-02-22 | 资源县山水美水果种植园（微型企业） | Secondary grafting method of hongyang kiwifruit |
| CN106561214A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-04-19 | 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 | Cutting seedling growing method for improving freezing resistance of pomegranate |
| CN106472121A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-03-08 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of cultural method viewing and admiring the multiple Kiwifruit Cultivars of potted plant Fructus actinidiae chinensiss grafting |
| CN106818225A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-13 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | A kind of tender anvil grafting rapid breeding method of Kiwi berry |
| CN107409771A (en) * | 2017-06-04 | 2017-12-01 | 贵州村华秋实现代生态农业有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of red kiwifruit |
| CN107494148A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 安徽秋歌农业开发有限公司 | A kind of high glycoform Kiwi berry implantation methods |
| CN109757287A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-05-17 | 四川和泽农业有限公司 | A kind of Kiwi berry orchard establishment and implantation methods |
| CN112931013A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-11 | 四川省自然资源科学研究院 | Rapid propagation and culture method of excellent kiwi fruit stock |
| JP2023020859A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2023-02-09 | ▲楊▼▲鳳▼考 | Method for growing kiwi fruit variety having spot, cold resistance, low sugar content and heavy fruity aroma, and slow to mature |
| JP7301187B2 (en) | 2021-07-29 | 2023-06-30 | ▲楊▼▲鳳▼考 | Method for breeding kiwifruit cultivars with mottled, cold-tolerant, low sugar content, strong fruit aroma, and late maturing |
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