CN101782383B - Method for detecting motion direction of drag anchor in oceansoil - Google Patents
Method for detecting motion direction of drag anchor in oceansoil Download PDFInfo
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- CN101782383B CN101782383B CN2010101001605A CN201010100160A CN101782383B CN 101782383 B CN101782383 B CN 101782383B CN 2010101001605 A CN2010101001605 A CN 2010101001605A CN 201010100160 A CN201010100160 A CN 201010100160A CN 101782383 B CN101782383 B CN 101782383B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of oceanographic engineering, and relates to a method for detecting motion direction of a drag anchor in oceansoil, which comprises the following steps: firstly, measuring a motion track of an anchor plate along the direction of the upper surface of the anchor plate, changing an included angle of the motion direction and the upper surface of the anchor plate by using the measured motion track, and acquiring a group of motion tracks of the anchor plate along different motion directions by a computational simulation; secondly, measuring an actual position of the anchor plate by a probe in the embedding process; and finally, comparing the measured motion tracks with the actual position, wherein the minimum relative error is the motion direction of the anchor plate. Through the method, the motion direction of a drag anchor in any form in the invisible oceansoil is accurately and stably measured and a definite conclusion is given.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to marine technology field ocean engineering technology, be used for scientific research, the measurement of new type of deep-water mooring foundation.
Background technology
21 century, energy development was unprecedentedly rapid, and the hydrocarbon resources exploitation advances to the deep-sea gradually, along with increasing gradually of large-scale and the marine compliant structure thing of ultra-large type, was applicable to that the mooring system of deep water and super deep water comes into one's own day by day.Research and develop new type of deep-water mooring system and new type of deep-water mooring technology, become an important research field of exploitation of international ocean hydrocarbon resources and international ocean engineering circle.
Along with the offshore oil and gas resource exploitation to the deep water propelling, correspondingly, the mooring system of marine floating production platform is also had higher requirement.Basis as mooring system, novel towing anchor can bear level and vertical load simultaneously with it, have higher anti-pulling capacity, possess advantages such as in light weight, material province, storage easy to operate, easy, recyclable and repeated use simultaneously, become the first-selection of deep sea mooring system gradually.Novel towing anchor matches with the tightening type mooring system, can not only economical with materials, reduce investment, and also can reduce the mooring radius simultaneously, optimize the mooring mode.
Abroad, present novel towing anchor all exists a lot of problems to remain deep understanding and solution at aspects such as design, construction and application.At home, more there is not the autonomous precedent of using novel towing anchor.Because towing anchor is embedded in the sightless ocean soil, anchor slab is implemented accurately location, and survey it and embed emphasis and the difficult point that movement locus becomes research, and the embedding movement locus of research towing anchor, must accurately know its direction of motion in soil, the research of direction of motion has conclusive effect in the detection of anchor slab movement locus.At present at the international level in, mainly have following two kinds of methods about the research and the Detection Techniques of towing anchor direction of motion in the soil body:
1, theoretical research
At the theoretical research of towing anchor direction of motion in soil, mainly be based on the stress model of anchor slab in soil, suppose the direction of motion of anchor slab, adopt the movement locus of numerical value iterative anchor slab.Most of researcher supposes in its theoretical stress model that all anchor slab moves (researcher comprises Aubeny, DNV-RP-E302, Elkhatib, Murff, Neubecker, O ' Neill, Ruinen, Stewart, Thorne etc.) along the direction that is parallel to the anchor slab principal plane.
2, experimental study
1993, Dunnavant and Kwan adopted centrifuge experiment that the kinetic characteristic of towing anchor in clay launched research, have investigated the influence of each parameter to the anchor slab embedded performance.Experiment selects for use soft porcelain earth as embedding medium, groove width 109cm, long 114cm, dark 91cm, the model anchor slab is selected 1: 100 Vryhof Stepris Mk3 anchor and Bruce FFTS Mk4 anchor scaled model for use, adopt pulling force sensor that drag is implemented to measure, survey the movement locus of anchor slab simultaneously with X ray.Investigate the influence of different acceleration level, different soil shear strength, different anchor slab weight, different towing cable diameter to the anchor slab embedded performance.Experimental result shows that when towing finished, anchor slab plate face was all near level, and promptly anchor slab moves along plate face direction.
1997 and calendar year 2001, it is the drum centrifuge of 1.2m that O ' Neill and Randolph adopt diameter, the peak acceleration that can provide is 485g, the high 300mm of soil sample in the hydro-extractor, wide 200mm, charger are used to provide vertically and rotary power, and the maximum load that can provide is 10kN, hydro-extractor worktable and experimental trough rotation are provided by servomotor, and peak torque is 500Nm.It is the Vryhof Stevpris anchor scaled model of 1: 80 and 1: 160 that the model anchor slab adopts guide, adopts two groups of different design anchor shin angles---32 ° and 50 °, distinguish corresponding sandy soil and two kinds of soil properties of clay.Test with the rigidity arm of force and implement to load,, strainmeter is installed, be used for the load of measurement level and vertical direction at anchor slab and firm arm connecting pin rear side.Experimental result shows that when anchor slab reached capacity the embedding state, the direction of motion of anchor slab equated with the anchor slab key groove that with the angle of surface level promptly as can be known, under limit insert depth, the direction of motion of anchor slab is parallel with the anchor slab lower surface.
Make a general survey of above research method, the direction of motion research data of towing anchor in invisible ocean soil is relatively very few at present, and most of researcher all adopts assumed condition, not the research of development system.Only experimental data also mostly concentrates on the research of aspects such as anchor slab bearing capacity, the experimental studies results of direction of motion also only limits to when towing finishes or under anchor slab reaches capacity insert depth, in conjunction with the geometric shape of azimuthal numerical value of anchor slab and anchor slab, infer the direction of motion of anchor slab.Simultaneously, towing anchor is complex-shaped, and the direction of motion of difformity anchor slab is also different, and its accurate movement direction research and Detection Techniques still are blank.
Application number discloses a kind of towing anchor embeds movement locus in ocean soil measuring method and device for the patented claim of " 200910068327.1 ", the inventor continues further investigation on the basis of this device, and proposes the detection method of a kind of towing anchor direction of motion in ocean soil.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of towing anchor direction of motion detection method in ocean soil that is applicable to model flume experiment and the test of on-the-spot land.
For this reason, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The detection method of a kind of towing anchor direction of motion in ocean soil comprises the following steps:
(1) with the backguy transducer arrangements in flume wall, the guiding by pulley blocks is connected to the anchor slab afterbody with backguy, and makes its external part concordant with Shamian Island;
(2) obliquity sensor is embedded in the towing anchor, guarantees that obliquity sensor is parallel with the anchor slab upper surface, make its absolute angle of directly measuring anchor slab upper surface and surface level, i.e. anchor slab azimuth angle alpha
i, and establish direction of motion and anchor slab upper surface angle is Δ α;
(3) towing anchor is applied horizontal applied force, make it embed the soil body;
(4) gather displacement signal and the inclination angle signal that backguy sensor and obliquity sensor obtain in real time;
(5) establish Δ α=0, according to the iterative formula x of movement locus
1=D
1Cos α
1, y
1=D
1Sin α
1, x
i=x
I-1+ (D
i-D
I-1) cos (α
i+ Δ α) (i 〉=2) and y
i=y
I-1+ (D
i-D
I-1) sin (α
i+ Δ α) (i 〉=2) calculate instantaneous horizontal stroke, the ordinate of towing anchor, x in the formula
1, y
1Be anchor slab initial horizontal, ordinate, D
1And α
1Be respectively the backguy elongation and the anchor slab position angle of gathering the instantaneous deduction initial length of beginning, x
iAnd y
iBe horizontal stroke, the ordinate of anchor slab, D
iBe the backguy elongation of deduction initial length, α
iBe the anchor slab position angle, iterative formula can obtain anchor slab embedding path curves along direction of motion Δ α=0 in the soil body thus;
(6) according to the determined anchor slab of step (5) embedding path curves along direction of motion Δ α=0 in the soil body, change the value of Δ α, be the state that the angle of skimulated motion direction and anchor slab upper surface changes, the path curves of simulation calculation anchor slab when the different motion direction embeds;
(7) adopt the probe measurement method to survey anchor slab a certain instantaneous actual position in telescopiny: along model tank horizontal stroke, vertical precise marking scale, embedding motion process segmentation with anchor slab, the real-time detection of employing probe comprises a plurality of sensing points of anchor slab final position, writes down horizontal stroke, the ordinate of each measurement point;
(8) determine the direction of motion of a certain shape anchor slab: comparison step (5) and (6) determined anchor slab are along the path curves of each direction of motion and the relative error between the determined anchor slab actual position of step (7), the error reckling i.e. the direction of motion of this shape anchor slab in soil, is characterized by " direction of motion of this shape anchor slab becomes Δ α angle with its upper surface ".
The method that adopts the present invention to propose can be implemented accurate, stable measurement and provide definite conclusion the direction of motion of towing anchor in invisible ocean soil of any form.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 towing anchor embeds the measurement mechanism of movement locus and arranges synoptic diagram in the soil body.
Design of Fig. 2 model anchor slab and the embedding figure of sensor.
Each direction of motion synoptic diagram of Fig. 3 model anchor slab.
The movement locus figure of Fig. 4 operating mode one anchor slab under each direction of motion.
The movement locus figure of Fig. 5 operating mode two anchor slabs under each direction of motion.
The movement locus figure of Fig. 6 operating mode three anchor slabs under each direction of motion.
Description of reference numerals is as follows:
1 towing anchor, 2 tanks, 3 obliquity sensors, 4 backguy sensors
6 backguys of 5 pulley blockss
(annotate: among Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, solid line is a sensor measurement, and the point that looses is the probe measurement result)
Embodiment
At first introduce the measurement mechanism that the present invention adopts below.As shown in Figure 1, comprise the tank 2 that is used to load the soil body, backguy sensor 4, obliquity sensor 3, data acquisition system (DAS) and pulley blocks 5.On the axis of described towing anchor, be provided with groove, obliquity sensor 3 is embedded in the groove, backguy sensor 4 is fixed on the tank 2, guide effect by pulley blocks 5 is connected to towing anchor 1 afterbody with the backguy of backguy sensor, and displacement signal, the inclination angle signal of backguy sensor 4 and obliquity sensor 3 are admitted to data acquisition system (DAS).
The anchor slab that the present invention is directed to arbitrary shape all can be implemented, method is: at first, measure the movement locus that anchor slab moves along anchor slab upper surface direction, and utilize the movement locus recorded, change direction of motion and anchor slab upper surface angle, utilize the method for calculating simulation, obtain the one group movement locus of anchor slab along the different motion direction; Secondly, adopt the physical location of probe measurement anchor slab in telescopiny; At last, will measure track and actual position compares, the relative error reckling is the direction of motion of anchor slab.
Concrete technical scheme is as follows:
1～2 selecting for use for detecting devices; 3～6 is anchor slab goes out anchor slab along different motion direction iteration movement locus; 7～8 for comparing the error of anchor slab iteration track and actual position, determines the direction of motion of anchor slab.
1, builds model flume experiment system (as shown in Figure 1), implement the direction of motion of anchor slab in soil and survey.
2, major equipment: one of backguy sensor; One of obliquity sensor; One of probe; Acquisition system one cover; The model anchor slab of different shape is some.
3, utilization backguy sensor measurement anchor slab embeds the total displacement of motion.Concrete grammar: in flume wall, the guiding by pulley blocks is connected to the anchor slab afterbody with backguy, and makes its external part concordant with Shamian Island with the backguy transducer arrangements.Backguy is drawn out along with the embedding of anchor slab, because the restoring force of backguy is very little, and the existence of earth resistance effect, backguy will present with anchor slab and embed the movement locus similar shapes.Deduction backguy sensor is by the length of pulley blocks and soil body surface, and what measured value reflected will be the total displacement of anchor slab transient motion.
4, obliquity sensor is measured angle (the title anchor slab azimuth angle alpha of anchor slab upper surface and surface level
i).Concrete grammar: obliquity sensor is embedded in anchor slab inside, parallel with the anchor slab upper surface, directly measure the absolute angle of anchor slab upper surface and surface level, i.e. the anchor slab azimuth angle alpha
iOnly relevant with the anchor slab form because of the direction of motion of anchor slab, in telescopiny, the relative position of itself and anchor slab upper surface remains unchanged, and establishes direction of motion and anchor slab upper surface angle is Δ α;
5, establish Δ α=0, the movement locus of iterative computation anchor slab.The anchor slab instantaneous azimuth of measuring through obliquity sensor, the anchor slab transient motion total displacement of backguy sensor measurement and introduce the most key anchor slab transient motion direction by following iterative formula, obtain anchor slab at instantaneous horizontal stroke, ordinate arbitrarily.
x
1＝D
1cosα
1 (1)
y
1＝D
1sinα
1 (2)
x
i＝x
i-1+(D
i-D
i-1)cos(α
i+Δα)(i≥2) (3)
y
i＝y
i-1+(D
i-D
i-1)sin(α
i+Δα)(i≥2) (4)
Wherein formula (1) (2) expression anchor slab embeds horizontal stroke, the ordinate of the instantaneous anchor slab of beginning.
X in the formula (3) (4)
iAnd y
iBe horizontal stroke, the ordinate of any instantaneous anchor slab, D
iBe the backguy elongation of deduction initial length, α
iBe the position angle of anchor slab, Δ α is the angle of direction of motion and anchor slab upper surface.
By the monitoring and the storage of acquisition system and computing machine, record backguy elongation and the azimuthal change procedure of anchor slab, using formula (1)～(4) will obtain anchor slab embedding path curves along direction of motion Δ α=0 in the soil body.
6, according to the determined anchor slab of step 5 embedding path curves along direction of motion Δ α=0 in the soil body, change the value of Δ α, i.e. simulation changes the state of the angle of direction of motion and anchor slab upper surface, for example Δ α is respectively 0 °, ± 2 °, ± 4 °, ± 6 ° (get counterclockwise for just), the embedding geometric locus of each direction of motion during the angle Δ α value change of simulation calculation direction of motion and anchor slab upper surface.
7, adopt the probe measurement method to survey anchor slab a certain instantaneous actual position in telescopiny.Concrete grammar: along model tank horizontal stroke, vertical precise marking scale, the embedding motion process of anchor slab is divided into six sections, adopts the probe real-time detection to comprise six sensing points of anchor slab final position, write down horizontal stroke, the ordinate of each measurement point.
8, determine the direction of motion of a certain shape anchor slab.Comparison step 5 and 6 determined anchor slabs are along the relative error between each direction of motion path curves and the 7 determined anchor slab actual positions, the error reckling i.e. the direction of motion of this shape anchor slab in soil, is characterized by " direction of motion of this shape anchor slab becomes Δ α angle with its upper surface ".
The model experiment of inventor's specialized designs is in order to check the feasibility of these Detection Techniques.The base regime of experiment is as follows:
The soil body is saturated sand, and adopting anchor wide is the simplification square model anchor slab enforcement experiment of 250mm, and obliquity sensor is wherein embedding, parallel with the anchor slab upper surface, as shown in Figure 2 in the description of drawings.Get direction of motion and the anchor slab upper surface angle Δ α of anchor slab in soil and be respectively 0 °, ± 2 °, ± 4 °, ± 6 ° (get counterclockwise for just) is as shown in Figure 3 in the description of drawings.Design three groups of operating modes altogether, wherein the angle of heaving pile point place's towing cable and the anchor slab face angle of anchor slab plane (promptly make a concerted effort with) is respectively 24 °, and 29.5 ° and 33.3 °, each operating mode triplicate.
Adopt the probe measurement method to survey anchor slab in the experimentation at a certain instantaneous actual position, its method is, along the horizontal and vertical precise marking scale of model tank, the embedding motion process of model anchor slab is divided into six sections, the real-time detection of employing probe comprises six measurement points of anchor slab final position, writes down horizontal stroke, the ordinate of each measurement point.
Experimental result shows, at square anchor slab, when the anchor slab edge becomes 0 ° of direction to move with the anchor slab upper surface, artificial actual path of surveying and measurement track relative error minimum, the relative error of three kinds of operating modes is respectively 5.63%, 4.65% and 3.35%, and the anchor slab edge becomes with the anchor slab upper surface ± 2 °, ± 4 °, in the time of ± 6 °, its measurement track and real trace relative error are bigger, in summary, at the square anchor slab that model experiment is adopted, the direction of motion of anchor slab becomes 0 ° with upper surface, and promptly the direction of motion of square anchor slab is parallel with the anchor slab upper surface.
Promote as can be known, anchor slab at arbitrary shape, adopt above detecting strategy, install obliquity sensor parallel with the anchor slab upper surface, suppose some and the angled direction of motion of anchor slab upper surface, implement experiment, measure the movement locus of anchor slab under each direction of motion, and the real motion track of itself and probe measurement compared, the relative error reckling i.e. the direction of motion of this shape anchor slab.
The present invention can effectively be applied to the scientific research carried out at novel towing anchor, comprises the experiment of laboratory model flume experiment and on-the-spot land.
1, laboratory model flume experiment
In the laboratory model flume experiment, with ocean clay and sandy soil embedding medium as anchor slab, the backguy sensor is connected the anchor slab afterbody, install obliquity sensor parallel with the anchor slab upper surface, suppose some and the angled direction of motion of anchor slab upper surface, implement experiment, measure the movement locus of anchor slab under each direction of motion, the real motion track of itself and probe measurement is compared, and the relative error reckling i.e. the direction of motion of this shape anchor slab.
2, on-the-spot land experiment
Embodiment is basic identical with the model flume experiment.
Claims (1)
1. the detection method of towing anchor direction of motion in ocean soil comprises the following steps:
(1) with the backguy transducer arrangements in flume wall, the guiding by pulley blocks is connected to the anchor slab afterbody with backguy, and makes its external part concordant with Shamian Island;
(2) obliquity sensor is embedded in the towing anchor, guarantees that obliquity sensor is parallel with the anchor slab upper surface, make its absolute angle of directly measuring anchor slab upper surface and surface level, i.e. anchor slab azimuth angle alpha
i, and establish direction of motion and anchor slab upper surface angle is Δ α;
(3) towing anchor is applied horizontal applied force, make it embed the soil body;
(4) gather displacement signal and the inclination angle signal that backguy sensor and obliquity sensor obtain in real time;
(5) establish Δ α=0, according to the iterative formula x of movement locus
1=D
1Cos α
1, y
1=D
1Sin α
1, x
i=x
I-1+ (D
i-D
I-1) cos (α
i+ Δ α) (i 〉=2) and y
i=y
I-1+ (D
i-D
I-1) sin (α
i+ Δ α) (i 〉=2) calculate instantaneous horizontal stroke, the ordinate of towing anchor, x in the formula
1, y
1Be anchor slab initial horizontal, ordinate, D
1And α
1Be respectively the backguy elongation and the anchor slab position angle of gathering the instantaneous deduction initial length of beginning, x
iAnd y
iBe horizontal stroke, the ordinate of anchor slab, D
iBe the backguy elongation of deduction initial length, α
iBe the anchor slab position angle, iterative formula can obtain anchor slab embedding path curves along direction of motion Δ α=0 in the soil body thus;
(6) according to the determined anchor slab of step (5) embedding path curves along direction of motion Δ α=0 in the soil body, change the value of Δ α, be the state that the angle of skimulated motion direction and anchor slab upper surface changes, the path curves of simulation calculation anchor slab when the different motion direction embeds;
(7) adopt the probe measurement method to survey anchor slab a certain instantaneous actual position in telescopiny: along model tank horizontal stroke, vertical precise marking scale, embedding motion process segmentation with anchor slab, the real-time detection of employing probe comprises a plurality of sensing points of anchor slab final position, writes down horizontal stroke, the ordinate of each sensing point;
(8) determine the direction of motion of a certain shape anchor slab: comparison step (5) and (6) determined anchor slab are along the path curves of each direction of motion and the relative error between the determined anchor slab actual position of step (7), the error reckling i.e. the direction of motion of this shape anchor slab in soil, is characterized by " direction of motion of this shape anchor slab becomes Δ α angle with its upper surface ".
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| CN104089755A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-10-08 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Test method for gravel structure drag-resistant anchor model covering submarine pipeline |
| CN104280060A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-01-14 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and device for measuring shape of mooring foundation installation mooring rope in seabed soil |
| CN105645327B (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2017-12-26 | 上海阜有海洋科技有限公司 | Ocean engineering towing trial trailer system and traction method |
| CN106096288A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 浙江大学 | The security evaluation of suction type injection plate anchor and method for early warning |
| CN110155245B (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2021-02-09 | 河海大学常州校区 | Anchor pulling experiment platform |
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| CN101526348A (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2009-09-09 | 天津大学 | Measuring method of embedded movement locus of towing anchor in soil body and device thereof |
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| CN101526348A (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2009-09-09 | 天津大学 | Measuring method of embedded movement locus of towing anchor in soil body and device thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 张炜 等.拖曳锚嵌入机理及运动特性实验研究.《第七届全国土木工程研究生学术论坛》.2009, * |
| 盛志刚 等.深水系泊新型拖曳锚研发关键技术.《海洋工程》.2009,第27卷(第2期),1-7. * |
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