CN101781990A - Construction method for dealing with tunnel collapses - Google Patents
Construction method for dealing with tunnel collapses Download PDFInfo
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- CN101781990A CN101781990A CN200910261829A CN200910261829A CN101781990A CN 101781990 A CN101781990 A CN 101781990A CN 200910261829 A CN200910261829 A CN 200910261829A CN 200910261829 A CN200910261829 A CN 200910261829A CN 101781990 A CN101781990 A CN 101781990A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the tunnel construction field, in particular to a construction method for dealing with tunnel collapses to solve the existing problems such as high security risks, construction difficulty and failures to guarantee the construction quality. To achieve such purposes, the construction method comprises the following steps: solidifying the preliminary bracing of the adjourning landslides with temporary umbrella arches, and sealing off the collapse surface with spraying concrete after the collapsed cave is stabilized. The method also requires building of a working platform with ruins in the cave, and laying of sand bags on the platform to form an arch-shaped solid membrane. A concrete solidified ring is built by infusing concrete through the reserved pipeline. On top of the concrete solidified ring, a buffer ring is formed by infusing the solidified ring with sands and fly ash mixture, then the supporting system of the cave is constructed when the required strength of the concrete solidified ring is met. With the construction method, the security of the construction can be guaranteed with no quality or security risk to the collapsed section. The materials required in the method are easily available and cheap. Compared with the traditional construction methods, the new construction method can save up to 30 percent of material cost, 50 percent of risk charges, and 20 percent of labor expense for each linear meter of similar collapsed tunnels. The method of invention is efficient, safe, economical and risk-free.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tunnel construction field, be specially a kind of collapse job practices in cave of tunnel of handling.
Background technology
Continuous development along with national economy, the highway of China, railway and diversion works construction are being advanced by leaps and bounds, in order to satisfy the high fast good requirement that economizes, construction of tunnel quantity is more and more, tunnel construction scale and difficulty of construction are also increasing, although the tunnel construction level has also obtained rapid progress, but for various reasons, Tunnel Landslide still can't be avoided, especially vault is middle-size and small-size caves in more commonly, and middle-size and small-size the caving in of vault generally all can form the cave of collapsing that differs in size, and the cave of collapsing that has collapses to a certain degree and will settle out, this cave of collapsing deals with general not too big difficulty, and the cave meeting of collapsing that has is continuous or interruption continues to cave in, if this caving in can not get timely processing, the scope of caving in is expansion constantly, very likely cause landslip, it is very big that this cave of collapsing deals with difficulty.For example open collection railway tunnel country rock based on granulite folder granite peamatite and diabase vein; owing to be subjected to geological structure motion effects of many phases; the country rock tectonic joint is grown; joint plane is smooth and accompany soft layer; rock crushing is block, chunky shape crush texture, and structural fracture water and bedrock fracture water are grown, and the part has pressure-bearing property; vault takes place through regular meeting and caves in this country rock in work progress, caving under the effect of crevice water generally can natural stability.
The collapse method in cave of conventional process tunnel is to take different treatment measures according to ratio of rise to span, when the cave ratio of rise to span h (highly) that collapses/B (width)＜0.7, adopt outer preliminary bracing to add the method processing that the internal layer preliminary bracing adds protection again, when the cave ratio of rise to span h (highly) that collapses/B (width) 〉=0.7, the method that adopts outer preliminary bracing to add protection is handled.After but Tunnel Landslide forms the cave of collapsing, outer preliminary bracing difficulty of construction generally all compares difficulty, security risk is big, construction quality is difficult to guarantee, when construction internal layer preliminary bracing or lining cutting, be easy to be smashed to press stride, even it is big to cause secondary security incident, overcoat to perform difficulty by the top body that caves in, difficult quality guarantee stays quality and potential safety hazard for the landslide section.
Summary of the invention
The present invention exists that security risk is big, difficulty of construction big, construction quality is difficult to guarantee even can cause problem such as secondary security incident in order to solve existing the collapse construction method of spreading manuer in holes of tunnel of handling, and a kind of collapse job practices in cave of tunnel of handling is provided.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: a kind of collapse job practices in cave of tunnel of handling, may further comprise the steps: A adopts interim cover to encircle and reinforces and closes on the preliminary bracing of landslide section: the interim arch that overlaps adopts shaped steel to bend according to the tunnel cross-section size, with the fixing interim cover arch steelframe of radially anchor pole and dowel, make cover arch steelframe be close to the preliminary bracing outline line; Effectively control landslide scope further develops to the tunnel shaped segment, also provides certain safety guarantee to subsequent treatment, removes after interim cover arch also is convenient to; The B sprayed mortar seals the face that caves in: after the face that caves in the cave of waiting to collapse is stable a little, utilize manipulator in time along the cave outline line that collapses the face of caving in to be carried out the sprayed mortar sealing, the sprayed mortar label is not less than C20, and thickness is no less than 10cm; The face of caving in is in time carried out the sprayed mortar sealing, and the continuation that can effectively control the landslide scope enlarges, and makes the face of caving in stable as early as possible, for subsequent treatment provides safety guarantee; C utilizes the affected industry platform of hole quarrel heap: make the step job platform with hole quarrel heap in the cave scope of will collapsing; D pile sand pocket is made fetal membrane: pile sand pocket on job platform, make it form an arc entity fetal membrane, when pile sand pocket fetal membrane, will reserve concrete pumping pipe and stack, concrete height detection pipe and cushion each one of layer height detector tube than the big 30cm of tunnel excavation outline line; Pile up the hole quarrel and make platform, the pile sand pocket is made loose tool, can in time dwindle the space, cave of collapsing, and it is stable to help the face of caving in; In addition, draw materials conveniently, cost is low, speed of application is fast, and the machine people cooperates the reduction security risk of can effectively increasing work efficiency; E is the pumping concrete perfusion above fetal membrane: by reserving concrete pumping pipe pumping of concrete, form the fixed circle of concrete, slump is controlled at 140～160mm; Hole quarrel platform and sand pocket fetal membrane supporting ﹠ stablizing, safe and reliable, concrete thickness and the perfusion side amount of can guaranteeing reaches requirement; F sets up cushion coat on the fixed circle of concrete that step e forms: pour on the fixed circle of concrete by flyash and sand 1: 2 composite mix by weight by the concrete pumping pipe, form cushion coat, mix and stir the material slump and be controlled at 140～160mm, buffer layer thickness is not less than 80cm; Cushion coat can effectively be resisted eminence and cave in megalith to the damage of the fixed circle of concrete, and the sand pocket fetal membrane is readily removable to be removed, and is convenient to follow-up construction; G excavates landslide section after the fixed circle of concrete reaches intensity: at first excavate and go up arc guide sand pocket fetal membrane, and perform and lead preliminary bracing, the excavation cyclic advance of last arc guide sand pocket fetal membrane is 50～80cm; Lead preliminary bracing under in leading and perform under in the staggered excavation then; After the barrel excavation supporting was shaped, the excavation inverted arch was also built the inverted arch concrete; After the inverted arch construction finishes, remove interim cover arch, and perform landslide section secondary lining as early as possible; Constantly circulate according to above-mentioned steps, realize the excavation of landslide section; The strictness of landslide section barrel is carried out excavation supporting by the benching tunnelling method standard, and strict construction principle by " short drilling depth, strong supporting, fast closed, tight lining cutting " is carried out operation, and the concrete excavation step of benching tunnelling method is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art; H landslide section two is strengthened excessively by the preliminary bracing and the lining cutting standard of the construction of landslide section, and excessively segment length is not less than 5m, to guarantee landslide section two construction safety, eliminates the landslide influence.
Among the above-mentioned steps A, interim cover arch like this, both can guarantee that interim cover arch possesses support capacity, removed after also being convenient to wave sprayed mortar covering jacket arch steelframe;
Among the above-mentioned steps D, the concrete pumping pipe goes out the rise top of open height scar and is not less than 30cm, and minimum altitude will satisfy influx height, and the exhaust outlet height exceeds cushion coat and is not less than 30cm, and rise top scar is not less than 10cm; Concrete height detection pipe and the outlet of buffering layer height detector tube preferably are positioned at mix and should not flow to the place, to guarantee the overall perfusion effect.In order to prevent to cause the perfusion difficulty, stack must be set because of the pouring into to make in the cave of collapsing and form sealed high pressure of the mix of concrete and flyash and sand; In order to judge that accurately whether perfusion reaches the requirement height, must establish the height detection pipe.Whether the setting of concrete pumping pipe, stack, concrete height detection pipe and buffering layer height detector tube rationally is the key that guarantees this worker method construction quality, and its quantity can be reserved according to actual needs.
Adopt job practices of the present invention, after Tunnel Landslide formed the cave of collapsing, at first preliminary bracing adopted interim cover arch to reinforce to contiguous landslide section, prevents that the landslide scope from further developing to the tunnel shaped segment; After cave the to be collapsed face that caves in is stablized a little, utilize manipulator in time the face of caving in to be carried out the sprayed mortar sealing, control landslide scope continues to enlarge, and the face of caving in is stablized as early as possible, for subsequent treatment provides safety guarantee; Utilize excavator to pile affected industry platform with the hole quarrel in the cave scope of collapsing, pile sand pocket on platform makes it form the arc entity fetal membrane than the big 30cm of tunnel excavation profile; By reserving the elephant trunk concrete perfusion, the hole irrigation that will collapse is full or reach the fixed circle of safe thickness formation concrete, and the mix that perfusion powder coal ash and sand form on concrete forms cushion coat again; After concrete strength reaches, draw the bag of digging sand, perform the barrel support system by the construction principle of " short drilling depth, strong supporting "; Cave in section two preliminary bracing and lining cutting by excessive forward one section of landslide segment standard, do not stay safe mass hidden danger to pass through the landslide section smoothly.
Job practices of the present invention adapts to the cave of collapsing, all tunnels and handles; close on the landslide section by the reinforcing of interim cover arch; utilize the manipulator sprayed mortar to seal the face that caves in; the heap quarrel is made platform; the sign indicating number sand pocket is made the quick blocking of fetal membrane; man-computer cooperation has effectively been evaded secondary security risk; pumping of concrete and flyash+sand mix is convenient to control construction quality; make the top, hole form enough strong enough big protection entity; under concrete cover, carry out the barrel excavation supporting; safe and reliable; stay quality and potential safety hazard can for the landslide section; in addition; draw materials conveniently; with low cost; adopt this job practices to compare with conventional method; handle the cave of collapsing, every linear meter(lin.m.) equal extent tunnel and will save cost of materials 30%; security risk takes 50%; expenses of labour 20% has fast; safety; economical; do not stay characteristics such as hidden danger, have certain popularization value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a construction technology process block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 handles the collapse working procedure figure in cave of tunnel for the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a monitoring measurement measuring point arrangement diagram of the present invention;
Among the figure: the 1-cave outline line that collapses; The 2-job platform; The 3-fetal membrane; 4-tunnel excavation outline line; 5-concrete pumping pipe; The 6-stack; 7-concrete height detection pipe; 8-cushion coat height detection pipe; The fixed circle of 9-concrete; The 10-cushion coat; The last arc guide sand pocket of 11-fetal membrane; Lead A among the 12-; Lead B among the 13-; Lead C under the 14-; Lead D under the 15-; 16-inverted arch E.
The specific embodiment
A kind of collapse job practices in cave of tunnel of handling may further comprise the steps:
A adopts the reinforcing of interim cover arch to close on the preliminary bracing of landslide section: the tunnel at first evacuates to safe location with personnel's equipment when landslide takes place, treat landslide form the cave of collapsing stable a little after, establishment officer adopts interim cover arch to reinforce to closing on the preliminary bracing of landslide section immediately, prevents that the landslide scope from further developing to the tunnel shaped segment; Interim cover arch adopts the above shaped steel of I16 to bend, and with the fixing interim cover arch of anchor pole and dowel radially, makes cover arch steelframe be close to the preliminary bracing outline line, and partial aperture is tight with the timber wedge contract, and interim cover arch encircles steelframe with wave pattern sprayed mortar covering jacket;
The B sprayed mortar seals the face that caves in: after the face that caves in the cave of waiting to collapse is stable a little, utilize manipulator in time to carry out the sprayed mortar sealing along the 1 pair of face of caving in of cave outline line that collapses, the sprayed mortar label is not less than C20, and thickness is no less than 10cm; In order to ensure construction safety, in the cave of collapsing, carry out the sprayed mortar operation and preferably use the manipulator operation, the face that caves in that accesses is as far as possible all sealed;
C utilizes the affected industry platform 2 of hole quarrel heap: utilize excavator to make the step job platform with hole quarrel heap in the cave scope of collapsing, job platform width height is so that operation and satisfy that sand pocket fetal membrane thickness is easy more than three layers;
D pile sand pocket is made fetal membrane 3: the artificial excavator pile sand pocket that cooperates on job platform, (sand pocket fetal membrane outline line must be bigger than tunnel excavation outline line to make it form an arc entity fetal membrane than tunnel excavation outline line 4 big 30cm, and it is roughly round suitable, leave enough deflections, the hole irrigation that prevents to collapse is annotated concrete and is sunk to invading excavation profile gauge), if landslide section is oversize, for the ease of operation, also sectional is piled affected industry platform and the pile sand pocket is made fetal membrane.When pile sand pocket fetal membrane, to reserve
Concrete pumping pipe 5 Hes
Stack 6, concrete height detection pipe 7 and buffering layer height detector tube 8 each one; Concrete pumping pipe 5 goes out the rise top of open height scar and is not less than 30cm, and minimum altitude will satisfy influx height; Stack 6 goes out open height and exceeds cushion coat and be not less than 30cm, and rise top scar is not less than 10cm, and concrete height detection pipe and the outlet of buffering layer height detector tube preferably are positioned at mix and should not flow to the place, to guarantee the overall perfusion effect.When above-mentioned heap quarrel was made platform, the layering heap was built, and the excavator bucket tamping wants pile closely knit when the pile sand pocket is made fetal membrane, prevents to cause when concrete perfusion that fetal membrane sinks in a large number;
E is the pumping concrete perfusion above fetal membrane: by reserving concrete pumping pipe 5 pumping C20 concrete, form the fixed circle 9 of concrete, the small-sized cave of collapsing can directly be filled with concrete, and the large-scale cave concrete spouting height that collapses is higher than more than the vault 200cm, can satisfy barrel safety and stable needs.Slump is controlled at 140～160mm, guarantee its flowability and workability, in filling process, to pay close attention to the sand pocket fetal membrane constantly, in case concrete exposes, see if there is concrete by pre-buried concrete height detection pipe and flow out, promptly whether decidable concrete spouting height reaches the requirement height;
F is setting up cushion coat on the fixed circle of concrete: pour on the fixed circle of concrete by flyash and sand by weight 1: 2 composite mix by concrete pumping pipe 5, form cushion coat 10, can effectively resist eminence slump megalith the fixed circle of concrete is caused damage.Mix and stir the material slump and be controlled at 140～160mm, guarantee its flowability and workability, see if there is by pre-buried cushion coat height detection pipe and mix and stir materials flow and go out, promptly whether decidable cushion coat influx height reaches the requirement height, and buffer layer thickness is not less than 80cm;
G excavates the landslide section after the fixed circle 9 of concrete reaches intensity: at first excavate and go up arc guide sand pocket fetal membrane 11, and perform the preliminary bracing I portion that leads, the excavation cyclic advance of last arc guide sand pocket fetal membrane is 50～80cm; Lead preliminary bracing under in leading and perform under in the staggered excavation then; After the barrel excavation supporting was shaped, the excavation inverted arch was also built the inverted arch concrete; After the inverted arch construction finishes, remove interim cover arch, and perform landslide section secondary lining as early as possible; Constantly circulate according to above-mentioned steps, realize the excavation of landslide section; Concrete steps are as follows:
A, after the fixed circle intensity of concrete reaches, construction principle by " short drilling depth, strong supporting ", excavate and go up arc guide sand pocket fetal membrane, and perform preliminary bracing I portion, the preliminary bracing steelframe adopts the above shaped steel of I16 to bend according to the tunnel cross-section size, steelframe spacing 50～80cm, system anchor bolt, dowel, steel mesh reinforcement, sprayed mortar label and thickness perform by design or standard;
B, the last leading 3～5m of arc guide lead construction in beginning, lead in the staggered excavation A (12) and in lead B (13), and lead preliminary bracing II portion and III portion in performing, about two priorities must not interlock less than 2m, the length of at every turn constructing must not surpass two Pin bow members (100～160cm);
C, in lead leading 3～5m and lead construction under beginning, interleaved dig down lead C (14) and under lead D (15), and lead preliminary bracing IV portion and V portion in performing, about two priorities must not interlock less than 2m, the length of at every turn constructing must not surpass two Pin bow members (100～160cm);
D, under lead basement rock excavation and adopt artificial pneumatic pick cooperative mechanical excavation as far as possible, take microseismic activity controlled blasting excavation in case of necessity, in, lead that the preliminary bracing requirement is the same leads preliminary bracing down;
After e, barrel excavation supporting are shaped, carry out the inverted arch construction immediately, inverted arch E (16) and concreting VI are once excavated in the inverted arch construction, and length must not surpass 3m.The basement rock excavation adopts artificial pneumatic pick cooperative mechanical excavation as far as possible, takes microseismic activity controlled blasting excavation in case of necessity.Inverted arch preliminary bracing, inverted arch and inverted arch fill concrete want the layering view picture to build, and concrete strength meets design requirement;
After f, inverted arch construction finish, remove interim cover arch, and perform landslide section secondary lining VII as early as possible, secondary lining adopts full section hydraulic lining trolley monobloc cast.Landslide section secondary lining need to require arrangement of reinforcement to strengthen according to V level country rock, and hoop master muscle diameter should not be less than 18mm, and spacing should not be greater than 20cm, and the longitudinal reinforcement diameter should not be less than 12mm, and spacing should not be greater than 30cm, and interlamellar spacing should not be less than 30cm.
H landslide section two is strengthened forward excessively by the preliminary bracing and the lining cutting of the construction of landslide section, and excessively segment length is not less than 5m.
In above-mentioned activities, control measurement work must be immediately following excavation, the supporting operation is layouted and monitor, metric data application engineering analogy method is in time analyzed, is fed back, adjust supporting parameter, to guarantee construction and structural safety, specific practice is as follows: closing on landslide section 1m, 5m, 10m place and landslide section every one group of measurement of 5m cloth section, each section arranges that a vault deflection measuring point and two horizontal clearance convergences measure baseline.The measuring point layout is seen Fig. 3, and wherein a is a vault deflection measuring point, and b, c are respectively two horizontal clearances convergences and measure baselines.
The headroom horizontal convergence measures with vault and sinks to measuring to adopt identical measurement frequency.Measure frequency and see Table 1, the actual amount measured frequency from table according to rate of strain and apart from excavated surface apart from selecting higher one to measure frequency.Horizontal convergence measures and adopts the laser profiler to measure, and measuring point and numbering are installed rapidly behind the excavation on request, reads initial reading behind excavation in the 12h.Vault sinks to measuring to adopt laser profiler and precision level, convergence gauge, an indium watt chi to measure, and sets up an office at vault rapidly behind the sprayed mortar.
Table 1 measures frequency meter
In order further to prove the beneficial effect of this job practices, the applicant enumerates following case history and is proved:
Example 1:
The landslide situation: old fort tunnel entrance face on May 29th, 2008 is excavated to DK26+857, leads down that the left side is excavated to DK26+842, the right side is excavated to DK26+844.Section vault 1m preliminary bracing of taking back in DK26+829～+ 841 is destroyed suddenly, caves in, and the body that collapses is earth folder rubble, piece stone, and infiltration is arranged at the top, forms the have a lot of social connections cave of collapsing of 5m, parallel circuit length 12m, high 6-8m of a vertical line at last.
The analysis of causes: DK26+829～+ 841 section are positioned at the F10 fault belt, wide 3～the 5m of F10 fault belt, to the circuit left side, about 75 ° of inclination angle is diagonal to DK26+800～+ 841 places with barrel, about 5～10 ° of the angle of cut, the tomography charges are yellow mud angle psephitic fragment, a strand shape, wire water outlet are arranged, and the fragmentation that is squeezed of tomography influence band rock mass is loose shape structure, less stable.Although preliminary bracing has adopted I 18 profile steel frame to strengthen, lead excavation instantly after, lead preliminary bracing in going up and be not enough to bear the country rock lateral pressure, cause preliminary bracing to destroy, form landslide.
Landslide is handled: adopt construction sequence of the present invention.Observe half a year more after construction, and the landslide section is safe and reliable, does not stay any safety and hidden danger of quality.
Example 2:
Landslide situation: an inclined shaft Jining, the Jiu Bao tunnel end DK28+396.5 that constructs on June 18th, 2008,21: 40 front of tunnel heading outwards cave in suddenly and gush out, causing DK28+395～+ 396.5 a section preliminary bracing to be striden collapses, DK28+395～+ 405 section landslide forms the cave of collapsing of a long 10m, wide 15m, high 5m.Cave in body based on fragment dust shape, and the face that caves in is smooth, and bedrock fracture water is grown, and is the multiply shape and flows down along crag.
The analysis of causes: design enters F3 tomography influence band from DK28+370, owing to be subjected to tectonic movement stack of many phases country rock joints development, joint plane is smooth and accompany ooze, rock crushing, be rubble shape crush texture, structural fracture water and bedrock fracture water are grown, and the part has pressure-bearing property.Self is poor, although strengthening measure I20 shaped steel has been taked in preliminary bracing, and steelframe spacing 50～80cm, Φ 42 leading grouting with small pipe strengthening stratum and water blockoffs are set up in the arch, still are not enough to resist surrouding rock deformation stress, cause preliminary bracing to be striden collapsing forming landslide.
Landslide is handled: adopt construction sequence of the present invention.Observe half a year more after construction, and the landslide section is safe and reliable, does not stay any safety and hidden danger of quality.
Claims (3)
1. handle the collapse job practices in cave of tunnel for one kind, its feature may further comprise the steps:
A adopts interim cover arch to reinforce to close on the preliminary bracing of landslide section: interim cover arch adopts shaped steel to bend according to the tunnel cross-section size, with the fixing interim cover arch steelframe of anchor pole and dowel radially, makes cover arch steelframe be close to the preliminary bracing outline line;
The B sprayed mortar seals the face that caves in: after the face that caves in the cave of waiting to collapse is stable a little, utilize manipulator in time along the cave outline line (1) that collapses the face of caving in to be carried out the sprayed mortar sealing, the sprayed mortar label is not less than C20, and thickness is no less than 10cm;
C utilizes hole quarrel heap affected industry platform (2): make the step job platform with hole quarrel heap in the cave scope of collapsing;
D pile sand pocket is made fetal membrane (3): go up the pile sand pocket at job platform (2), make it form an arc entity fetal membrane, when pile sand pocket fetal membrane, will reserve concrete pumping pipe (5) and stack (6), concrete height detection pipe (7) and buffering layer height detector tube (8) than the big 30cm of tunnel excavation outline line (4);
E is the pumping concrete perfusion above fetal membrane: by reserving concrete pumping pipe (5) pumping of concrete, form the fixed circle of concrete (9), slump is controlled at 140～160mm;
F sets up cushion coat on the fixed circle of concrete that step e forms: pour on the fixed circle of concrete by flyash and sand 1: 2 composite mix by weight by concrete pumping pipe (5), form cushion coat (10), mix and stir the material slump and be controlled at 140～160mm, buffer layer thickness is not less than 80cm;
G excavates landslide section after the fixed circle of concrete (9) reaches intensity: at first excavate and go up arc guide sand pocket fetal membrane (11), and perform and lead preliminary bracing, the excavation cyclic advance of last arc guide sand pocket fetal membrane is 50～80cm; Lead preliminary bracing under in leading and perform under in the staggered excavation then; After the barrel excavation supporting was shaped, the excavation inverted arch was also built the inverted arch concrete; After the inverted arch construction finishes, remove interim cover arch, and perform landslide section secondary lining as early as possible; Constantly circulate according to above-mentioned steps, realize the excavation of landslide section;
H landslide section two is strengthened excessively by the preliminary bracing and the lining cutting standard of the construction of landslide section, and excessively segment length is not less than 5m.
2. a kind of collapse job practices in cave of tunnel of handling according to claim 1 is characterized in that among the above-mentioned steps A that interim cover arch is with wave pattern sprayed mortar covering jacket arch steelframe.
3. a kind of collapse job practices in cave of tunnel of handling according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that among the above-mentioned steps D, concrete pumping pipe (5) goes out the rise top of open height scar and is not less than 30cm, minimum altitude will satisfy influx height, stack (6) goes out open height and exceeds cushion coat and be not less than 30cm, and rise top scar is not less than 10cm.
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| CN106894826A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-06-27 | 中国水利水电建设工程咨询中南有限公司 | The supporting construction and method for protecting support of section of being caved in a kind of hole |
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| CN112983467A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-06-18 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Treatment method for tunnel gate closing type large collapse |
| US20230068068A1 (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-03-02 | China Railway 18 Bureau Group Co. Ltd. | Reinforcement system at railway tunnel section passing through karst cave with large dip angle and construction method |
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| CN114483056A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-05-13 | 中国电建市政建设集团有限公司 | Method for treating collapse roof caving hole of high-speed railway shallow tunnel within 15m of height of collapsed cavity |
| CN114483056B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-07-29 | 中国电建市政建设集团有限公司 | Method for treating collapse roof caving hole of high-speed railway shallow-buried tunnel within 15m of height of collapse cavity |
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