CN101781049A - System and method for treating water recycled from straw pulp papermaking wastewater - Google Patents
System and method for treating water recycled from straw pulp papermaking wastewater Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for treating water recycled from straw pulp papermaking wastewater. The system is formed by sequentially or respectively connecting a regulating tank, a primary efficient coagulative precipitation tank, a secondary efficient coagulative precipitation tank, a middle water tank, an ultrafiltration membrane treatment device, a reverse osmosis membrane treatment device, an ozone contact oxidation tower, an active carbon adsorption tower, an acid regulating tank, a higher oxidization reaction tank, a neutralizing precipitation tank and a water-producing tank. The system organically combines the coagulative precipitation treatment, the higher oxidization treatment, the ozone catalysis oxidation treatment and the treatment of an ultrafiltration membrane and a nanofiltration membrane, treats the water recycled from the straw pulp papermaking wastewater by using a physical and chemical treatment technology and a shunting treatment and combined effluent treatment process and mode, can ensure that the large scale recycled water of the straw pulp papermaking industry reaches the requirement of reuse water after treated and does not affect a papermaking process and a paper product on the premise of ensuring the low operating cost, and the treated reverse osmosis concentrated water reaches the emission standard of the industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of waste water treatment, relate in particular to a kind of middle water recycling processing system and treatment process of straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater being carried out advanced treatment.
Background technology
At present, the method that adopts at the Treatment for Reuse of water in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater is a lot, mainly is divided into physical method and chemical process.
By control measures such as coagulating sedimentation, absorption, chemical oxidations, water-quality guideline such as the soluble solid in the middle water, colourity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), specific conductivity still are difficult to eliminate fully, not the middle water that purifies fully because of water quality is more bad can not reuse on producing, often cause the pollution and the harm of ecotope on every side when externally discharging.Some comparatively advanced treatment process at first use chemical process, drop into Tai-Ace S 150 and high-molecular coagulant adopting, coagulating agent generates floss with the organism absorption in the waste water with waste water reaction, forms cotton-shaped suspended substance, after these suspended substances entered equalizing tank with water, pump advanced a kind of filter filtration again.Water is behind above-mentioned chemical reduction and aggregation in these, and by high efficiency filter, its various organism major parts that contain are filtered into filter mud again, makes waste water reach the purpose that solid, liquid separates and purifies.But this processing requirements that can't satisfy the water-quality guideline strictness by coagulation and filtering technology.Because the water yield that paper industry consumes is huge, if adopt water in the adsorption method processing, then need a large amount of sorbent materials, also have through complicated reclaiming process after these adsorbents adsorb are saturated, operational difficulty, and be difficult to realization.And the method for employing chemical oxidation, as high-level oxidation technology, though better to the removal effect of organism, colourity, running cost is also higher, and soluble solid and specific conductivity are not removed, and can't reach the water quality requirement of industrial reuse water.
Membrane technique is comparatively sophisticated waste water advanced treatment process, effluent quality can reach the requirement of reuse fully behind the membrane filtration, but still there is 10%～25% dense water problems to have no idea to solve, the biodegradability of this part water is poorer, and Pollutant levels wherein are higher, still need to handle, this just makes membrane treatment process can't finish the requirement of advanced treatment separately, will inevitably make originally with regard to high processing expense continuation increase if add other treatment facility again.And for water in the papermaking, can there be a lot of tiny fiber and silicates soluble solids in the waste water, these fibers and silicate deposition are easy to stop up fenestra, they are different from common calcium magnesium scale, clean very difficulty, make the life-span of membrane module sharply reduce, depreciable cost increases, even can't normally move.
Because the water yield of paper waste is big, water quality is complicated, the processing requirements of water reuse during existing single treatment process can't reach, and how to realize membrane technology application in the water reuse in straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater as much as possible, reducing running cost, the condensed water water yield and processing costs, is a difficult problem that needs solution at present.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, embodiment of the present invention provides water recycling processing system and treatment process in a kind of straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater, handle to combine with physics, chemical treatment, shunting water in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater is handled, make that water reaches paper industry reuse water standard after treatment in the extensive straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater with the treatment process of merging water outlet.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The embodiment of the invention provides water recycling processing system in a kind of straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater, and this system comprises:
Equalizing tank, one-level highly effective coagulation settling tank, secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank, intermediate pool, ultrafiltration membrane treatment device, reverse osmosis membrane processing device, O3 contacted oxidation tower, activated carbon adsorber, sour equalizing tank, advanced oxidation reaction tank, neutralization precipitation pond, clean water basin and product pond;
Described equalizing tank is connected with intermediate pool with one-level highly effective coagulation settling tank, secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank successively; The water side of described intermediate pool is divided into two-way output, and first via output is connected with described reverse osmosis membrane processing device through described ultrafiltration membrane treatment device, and the second tunnel output is connected with described activated carbon adsorber through described O3 contacted oxidation tower; The good water of described reverse osmosis membrane processing device water side all is connected with described product pond with the water side of described activated carbon adsorber; The condensed water water side of described reverse osmosis membrane processing device is connected with clean water basin through sour equalizing tank, advanced oxidation reaction tank, neutralization precipitation pond.
The embodiment of the invention also provides water process for reclaiming in a kind of straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater, adopts above-mentioned treatment system, and this method comprises:
The one-level coagulating sedimentation is handled: make in the papermaking straw pulp after the biochemical treatment water in the one-level coagulative precipitation tank of treatment system, carry out coagulating sedimentation and handle, in the coagulating sedimentation treating processes to dry method adds iron trichloride powder or bodied ferric sulfate in the water in handling any as coagulating agent;
The two-stage coagulation precipitation process: the water outlet after described one-level coagulating sedimentation is handled enters in the secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank carries out coagulating treatment again;
Ultrafiltration membrane treatment: the water outlet after the described two-stage coagulation precipitation process is divided into two-way output after intermediate pool, the water outlet of one tunnel output water outlet total flux 65% enters carries out ultrafiltration membrane treatment in the ultrafiltration membrane treatment device, divide suspended particulate, macromolecular colloid and protein in dried up;
Reverse-osmosis treated: the water outlet after the described ultrafiltration membrane treatment enters the reverse osmosis membrane processing device and carries out reverse-osmosis treated, removes ammonia nitrogen, colourity and resolvability solid in the water;
O3 contacted oxidation is handled: the water outlet after the described two-stage coagulation precipitation process after intermediate pool in the two-way output water outlet of another road output water outlet total flux 35% enter and carry out oxide treatment in the O3 contacted oxidation tower, make behind the dissolved ozone the aqueous solution directly and seed activity carbon surface catalytic oxidation;
Charcoal absorption is handled: the water outlet after described O3 contacted oxidation is handled enters activated carbon adsorber and carries out adsorption treatment;
Advanced oxidation is handled: condensed water water outlet after the described reverse-osmosis treated is entered through sour equalizing tank carry out advanced oxidation in the advanced oxidation reaction tank and handle, in the advanced oxidation reaction tank, add the ferrous sulfate powder during processing and hydrogen peroxide is made medicament, organism in the water is carried out oxygenolysis, and water outlet enters the neutralization precipitation pond;
Produce the pond combination treatment: good water water outlet after the reverse-osmosis treated and the water outlet after charcoal absorption is handled are entered jointly produce the pond, by mixing after the stir process good water as reuse.
The technical scheme that is provided by the invention described above embodiment as can be seen, embodiment of the present invention is passed through the highly effective coagulation precipitation process, ultrafiltration membrane treatment, reverse osmosis membrane processing, O3 contacted oxidation is handled, charcoal absorption processing and advanced oxidation are handled and are combined, water in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater is carried out advanced treatment, this system is with physics, the treatment technology of chemistry and shunting are handled, the technology mode that merges water outlet organically combines, organism at different molecular structures and molecular weight in the water in each stage of processing, the inorganics of different physico-chemical properties, particulate matter, adopt pointed processing mode, organism to difficult for biological degradation passes through the highly effective coagulation precipitation process, catalytic ozonation is handled, reverse osmosis membrane processing, advanced oxidation is handled and to be separated with technology such as adsorption treatment and degrade, superpolymer in can effectively removing in the water, as xylogen, hemilignin, necessary additive in tannin and some paper-making process is as printing ink, presence agent, defoamer etc.To causing ultra-filtration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane fouling to pollute easily, the inorganics that flux is reduced rapidly, adopt continuous two-stage highly effective coagulation precipitation process, most total hardness and silicates soluble solid in the water in can removing have greatly been alleviated the fouling and the pollution problem of film processing system.This system has the ability of water in the extensive straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater of advanced treatment in conjunction with corresponding treatment process, produce water and satisfy the requirement of paper industry reuse water fully, workable, stable, cost is lower, middle water reclamation rate reaches 85%, has conveniently to manage and be easy to safeguard characteristics such as up-to-dateness height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the treatment system each several part connection diagram of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 2 is the process flow figure of the embodiment of the invention two;
Each label is respectively among Fig. 1: 1, equalizing tank; 2, one-level highly effective coagulation settling tank; 3, secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank; 4, intermediate pool; 5, ultrafiltration membrane treatment device; 6, reverse osmosis membrane processing device; 7, O3 contacted oxidation tower; 8, activated carbon adsorber; 9, sour equalizing tank; 10, advanced oxidation reaction tank; 11, neutralization precipitation pond; 12, clean water basin; 13, produce the pond.
Embodiment
For ease of understanding, the invention process process is described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment one
Present embodiment one provides water recycling processing system in a kind of straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater, as shown in Figure 1, this system is made of jointly one-level highly effective coagulation settling tank (Pre-coagulation pond, coagulation reaction tank, coagulative precipitation tank), secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank (Pre-coagulation pond, coagulation reaction tank, coagulative precipitation tank), intermediate pool (sand filtration), ultrafiltration membrane treatment device, reverse osmosis membrane processing device, O3 contacted oxidation tower, activated carbon adsorber, sour equalizing tank, advanced oxidation reaction tank, neutralization precipitation pond, clean water basin and product pond;
Wherein, equalizing tank is connected with intermediate pool with one-level highly effective coagulation settling tank, secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank successively, equalizing tank is the collecting tank of straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater biochemistry pool water outlet, the residence time is 8～12 hours, in equalizing tank, be provided with diving mixer, be used for uniform mixing and enter the interior waste water of equalizing tank; One-level highly effective coagulation settling tank and secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank structure are basic identical, are connected in sequence by Pre-coagulation pond, coagulation reaction tank and coagulative precipitation tank; Wherein, the Pre-coagulation pond is provided with the coagulating agent input port, and pre-mixing is provided with whipping appts in the pond, is used for the waste water of wherein handling is stirred, and the coagulating agent that adds is evenly spread in the waste water, reaches the better effects that makes coagulating waste water; Coagulation reaction tank is provided with the coagulant aids input port, is provided with whipping appts in the coagulation reaction tank; The bottom of coagulative precipitation tank is provided with mud refluxing opening and mud relief outlet, and the mud refluxing opening also is connected to the coagulation reaction tank bottom by return line through the backflow blowback, and described mud relief outlet is connected to the system outside through shore pipe and residual sludge pump; The water outlet of the coagulative precipitation tank of secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank is connected with described intermediate pool, the water side of intermediate pool is divided into two-way output, first via output is connected with described reverse osmosis membrane processing device through described ultrafiltration membrane treatment device, the aquifer yield of first via output is 65%, the second tunnel output is connected with described activated carbon adsorber through described O3 contacted oxidation tower, and the aquifer yield of the second tunnel output is 35%; The good water of described reverse osmosis membrane processing device water side all is provided with agitator with inside with the water side of described activated carbon adsorber and is connected with the product pond; Ultrafiltration membrane treatment device wherein comprises: intake pump, film framework, hyperfiltration membrane assembly, backwashing pump, chemical cleaning system and instrument; Described hyperfiltration membrane assembly is arranged in the film framework, comprises hollow-fibre membrane and pressure-bearing putamina; Described hollow-fibre membrane is the external-compression type film, and mould material is a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), 0.1 micron of pore size filter; The water inlet of ultrafiltration membrane treatment device externally pressure enters the hollow fiber film tube central zone through hollow-fibre membrane down, go into producing water, regularly adopt backwashing pump or chemical cleaning system to carry out the cleaning and the maintenance of hyperfiltration membrane assembly, and the reverse osmosis membrane processing device comprise: intake pump, high-pressure pump, recycle pump, film framework, reverse osmosis membrane assembly, backwashing pump, medicine system, chemical cleaning system and instrument; Described reverse osmosis membrane assembly is arranged in the film framework, comprises coiled reverse osmosis membrane and pressure-bearing putamina; Described reverse osmosis membrane is a rolled film, and mould material is a polyamide composite film, single film standard ratio of desalinization 99.5%, and the water inlet of reverse osmosis membrane processing device externally under the pressure, sees through rolled film and enters the central zone, goes into producing water.Regularly adopt backwash or chemical cleaning system to carry out the cleaning and the maintenance of reverse osmosis membrane assembly; The condensed water water side of reverse osmosis membrane processing device is connected with clean water basin through sour equalizing tank, advanced oxidation reaction tank, neutralization precipitation pond; In the sour equalizing tank wherein agitator and chemicals dosing plant are set; Be provided with in the advanced oxidation reaction tank through antiseptic agitator and two groups of chemicals dosing plants; Be provided with agitator and one group of chemicals dosing plant in the neutralization precipitation pond;
The O3 contacted oxidation tower that the second tunnel output of intermediate pool enters adopts the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation reaction unit, and be provided with catalyzer in this device and be: shell granulated active carbon, its dosage are the water yield 20%.Ozonizer adopts the air source of the gas to produce ozone, and the residence time of water body in the O3 contacted oxidation tower is 20 minutes; Be provided with shell seed activity carbon filling material in the latter linked activated carbon adsorber of O3 contacted oxidation tower, the contact residence time of activated carbon adsorber is 40 minutes.
The process of the middle water of straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater after biochemical process is handled being handled below in conjunction with said system is described further said system:
By above-mentioned treatment system to water in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater (being generally the middle water of straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater after biochemical process is handled) when handling, influent waste water at first enters the Pre-coagulation pond of one-level highly effective coagulation settling tank, add a kind of coagulated agent (generally adopting iron trichloride powder or bodied ferric sulfate), the waterpower time of mixing is 1～2 minute, (generally adopt tube settler by coagulation reaction tank and coagulative precipitation tank successively afterwards, the bottom is provided with concentrated mud scraper), in coagulation reaction tank, need to add certain density coagulant aids, and the sludge part in the coagulative precipitation tank is back to reaction tank, increase the flco particle diameter that produces, make its rapid precipitation; By entering intermediate pool behind the sand filtering device, the moisture flow of intermediate pool is two portions, 65% the water yield enters the ultrafiltration membrane treatment device, enter the reverse osmosis membrane processing device then, special efficacy crown_interception by film, with soluble solid, the rejection to organics of the overwhelming majority, high-quality is produced water and is entered the product pond, and condensed water enters sour equalizing tank; 35% the water yield enters the O3 contacted oxidation tower; enter activated carbon adsorber then; strong oxidation by ozone and with the synergy of granulated active carbon; most colourities and most of organic matter removal, all water outlets are all entered produce the pond and mix the reuse water dry point of water reuse in its mixed water conduct with the product water of reverse osmosis membrane processing device.The condensed water of reverse osmosis membrane enters sour equalizing tank, adds acid for adjusting pH to 3.5～4.0, enters the advanced oxidation reaction tank then, adds two kinds of medicaments, is respectively ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide (Fenton reagent), and the agitator churning time is 30 minutes.Water outlet enters the neutralization precipitation pond, adds the alkali pH8.0 precipitated iron ion that neutralizes, and water outlet effluxes.
Aforesaid method is by organically combining four treating processess, formation is with the reasonable combination and the application of coagulating sedimentation, film processing, oxide treatment and adsorption treatment, reach the purpose of water in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater being carried out advanced treatment and reuse, can reach industry reuse standard and discharging standards.
Treatment system in the present embodiment can adopt multiple flexible way to be provided with, and is specific as follows:
(1) for larger wastewater treatment capacity, can adopt shunting to handle, the operational mode that merges water outlet, its major advantage is to increase the reuse water yield, make ton cost of water treatment lower on the contrary, reduce the cost of investment and the replacement charge of film, reduce the quantity discharged and the processing cost of concentrated solution, can realize the operational mode of high automation by PLC control fully.
(2) for the less treatment capacity of scale, by the sedimentary water outlet of secondary highly effective coagulation, can shunt, all adopt ultra-filtration membrane and nanofiltration membrane treatment equipment, for the concentrated solution employing advanced oxidation reaction tank of reverse osmosis membrane.Advantage is simple to operate, is convenient to administer and maintain, and the project occupation of land area is little.
Embodiment two
Present embodiment provides water process for reclaiming in a kind of straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater, can adopt the treatment system in the foregoing description one, and the middle water of straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater after biochemical process is handled is handled, and this treatment process comprises the steps:
The one-level coagulating sedimentation is handled: make in the papermaking straw pulp after the biochemical treatment water in the one-level coagulative precipitation tank of treatment system, carry out coagulating sedimentation and handle, in the coagulating sedimentation treating processes to dry method adds iron trichloride powder or bodied ferric sulfate in the water in handling any as coagulating agent;
During processing, dry method adds any of iron trichloride powder or bodied ferric sulfate in the middle water that handle in the Pre-coagulation pond of described one-level highly effective coagulation settling tank, and dosage is 0.08g～0.16g/L, and the time of mixing is 2 minutes; The water outlet of Pre-coagulation pond enters coagulation reaction tank and carries out the coagulating processing, and interpolation concentration is 0.1% coagulant aids polyacrylamide in waste water, and dosage is 1～2mg/L, and the residence time is 7～8 minutes; Water outlet after coagulating is handled enters coagulative precipitation tank and carries out the coagulating sedimentation processing, sedimentation time is 60～120 minutes, sedimentary mud is concentrated a back part be back to the continuation reaction of coagulation reaction tank bottom, quantity of reflux is 10%～25% of a flooding quantity, and another part excess sludge is sent dehydration outside;
The two-stage coagulation precipitation process: the water outlet after described one-level coagulating sedimentation is handled enters in the secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank carries out coagulating treatment again;
During processing, water outlet is introduced in the Pre-coagulation pond of described secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank carries out Pre-coagulation, add any of coagulated agent calcium hydroxide liquid or white lime powder with wet method to the Pre-coagulation pond, dosage is 0.1g～0.5g/L, and the waterpower time of mixing is 2 minutes; Water outlet after Pre-coagulation is handled enters coagulation reaction tank and carries out the coagulating processing, adds the coagulant aids polyacrylamide in the waste water of coagulation reaction tank, and dosage is 1～2mg/L, and the residence time is 7～8 minutes; The treatment stage that water outlet after coagulating is handled entering coagulating sedimentation, sedimentation time is 60～120 minutes, sedimentary mud is concentrated a back part be back to the continuation reaction of coagulation reaction tank bottom, quantity of reflux is 10%～25% of a flooding quantity, and another part excess sludge is sent dehydration outside;
Ultrafiltration membrane treatment: the water outlet after the described two-stage coagulation precipitation process is divided into two-way output after intermediate pool, the water outlet of one tunnel output water outlet total flux 65% enters carries out ultrafiltration membrane treatment in the ultrafiltration membrane treatment device, divide suspended particulate, macromolecular colloid and protein in dried up;
Reverse-osmosis treated: the water outlet after the described ultrafiltration membrane treatment enters the reverse osmosis membrane processing device and carries out reverse-osmosis treated, water-quality guideline such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the water into, ammonia nitrogen, colourity, resolvability solid, specific conductivity are obviously removed, it produces water water quality can directly reach the quality of reused water standard, and concentrated solution enters sour equalizing tank;
O3 contacted oxidation is handled: the water outlet after the described two-stage coagulation precipitation process after intermediate pool in the two-way output water outlet of another road output water outlet total flux 35% enter and carry out oxide treatment in the O3 contacted oxidation tower, make behind the dissolved ozone the aqueous solution directly and seed activity carbon surface catalytic oxidation;
When above-mentioned O3 contacted oxidation was handled, the iodine number of described granulated active carbon was 1000mg/g, and the concentration that adds of described ozone is 50mg/L; Make behind the dissolved ozone the aqueous solution directly and the total reaction time of seed activity carbon surface catalytic oxidation be 15 minutes;
Charcoal absorption is handled: the water outlet after described O3 contacted oxidation is handled enters activated carbon adsorber and carries out adsorption treatment; The residence time of the waste water of handling in activated carbon adsorber be 40 minutes;
Advanced oxidation is handled: condensed water water outlet after the described reverse-osmosis treated is entered through sour equalizing tank carries out advanced oxidation in the advanced oxidation reaction tank and handle, waste water sour equalizing tank adopt sulfuric acid regulate in water pH value to 3.5～4.0; The medicament that adds in the advanced oxidation reaction tank during processing is ferrous sulfate powder and hydrogen peroxide (30%H
2O
2), the dosage of ferrous sulfate powder is with Fe
2+Count 40～80mg/L, the dosage of hydrogen peroxide is with H
2O
2Count 200～400mg/L; Reaction by ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide, generation has the hydroxyl radical free radical of extremely strong oxidation capacity, the organism in the centering water carries out oxygenolysis, 30 minutes advanced oxidation treatment times, water outlet enters the neutralization precipitation pond, waste water adopts water pH value to 8.0 in caustic soda or the white lime adjusting, precipitated iron ion in the neutralization precipitation pond;
Produce the pond combination treatment: good water water outlet after the reverse-osmosis treated and the water outlet after charcoal absorption is handled are entered jointly produce the pond, by mixing stir process, the treatment time is 60 minutes, makes to handle the back water outlet and reach reuse standard, as the good water of reuse.
The treatment scheme to straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater below in conjunction with shown in Figure 2 is described further aforesaid method:
Coagulating sedimentation is handled: straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater is carried out Pre-coagulation handle, dry method adds coagulated agent in the waste water that the efficiently mixed Pre-coagulation of sinking the pond of described one-level is handled, and coagulated agent adopts the iron trichloride powder, and dosage is 0.08g～0.16g/L; The coagulated agent that secondary highly effective coagulation precipitation Pre-coagulation adds in handling is arbitrary group in calcium hydroxide liquid and the white lime powder; Wherein, white lime powder dosage is 0.1g～0.5g/L; The time of mixing is 2 minutes; The treatment stage that middle water after Pre-coagulation is handled entering coagulating, add coagulant aids polyacrylamide (0.1%) in waste water, dosage is 1～2mg/L, and the residence time is 7～8 minutes; The treatment stage that water outlet after coagulating is handled entering coagulating sedimentation, in water body, form big and solid flco, fast and effeciently precipitate guaranteeing; Water outlet after coagulating is handled enters coagulating sedimentation and handles, the precipitation process time is 60～120 minutes, flco is deposited in the settling tank bottom substantially, by concentrated mud scraper sedimentary mud is concentrated, a part by reflux pump from newly being injected in the coagulating district, quantity of reflux is 10%～25% of a flooding quantity, and another part effluxes;
Uf processing: the aperture is that the ultra-filtration membrane of 0.1 μ m can be held back the colloid in the water, protein, microorganism and larger molecular organics in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater, allow small-molecule substance and soluble solid etc. to pass through, for the operating safety of reverse osmosis membrane processing device carries out effective pre-treatment.Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) material chemical stability is good, and the life-span is long;
Reverse-osmosis treated: reverse osmosis is a kind of reverse locomotory movement, under pressure (high-pressure pump) drives, with solute and separated from solvent, reverse-osmosis treated can be with Impurity removals such as the mineral ion in the former water, organism and colloids, to obtain high-quality product water by means of the selection crown_interception of semi-permeable membranes.
O3 contacted oxidation is handled: the direct and seed activity carbon surface catalytic oxidation of the aqueous solution in O3 contacted oxidation is handled behind the dissolved ozone, total reaction time is 20 minutes.Utilize the high oxidation characteristic of ozone can remove colourity in the water body, partial organic substances;
Charcoal absorption is handled: the water outlet after O3 contacted oxidation is handled enters activated carbon adsorber, and the seed activity carbon filling material is arranged in the described adsorption tower, and dwell time in the tower is 40 minutes, and granulated active carbon has very strong adsorptive power to organism;
Advanced oxidation is handled: make the condensed water after the above-mentioned reverse-osmosis treated enter sour equalizing tank, entering advanced oxidation then handles, reaction by ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide, generation has the hydroxyl radical free radical of extremely strong oxidation capacity, the organism in the centering water carries out oxygenolysis, in 30 minutes advanced oxidation treatment times, water outlet enters the neutralization precipitation pond;
In the reality, charcoal absorption has certain loading capacity, and after charcoal absorption was saturated, activated carbon adsorber had just lost the ability of adsorption treatment, but under the condition of the water body oxidation of having dissolved ozone, it is slow that this process will become.
Catalyzer during described O3 contacted oxidation is handled is shell granulated active carbon (apricot shell) catalyzer, and catalyst amounts is 20% (mass percent) of flooding velocity;
In the above-mentioned treatment process by highly effective coagulation precipitation process, ultra-filtration membrane and reverse osmosis membrane processing, advanced oxidation are handled, multiple processing modes such as O3 contacted oxidation processing and charcoal absorption processing combine, physics and chemofacies bonded treatment process have been formed, Waste Water of Pulp and Paper Making from Waste Paper is handled, can effectively remove necessary additive in xylogen, hemilignin, tannin and some paper-making process of wherein difficult degradation, as printing ink, presence agent, defoamer etc., wherein various processes has following advantage:
(1) coagulating sedimentation is handled:
The highly effective coagulation pond is divided into the Pre-coagulation pond, coagulation reaction tank and coagulative precipitation tank.
The Pre-coagulation processing is the important step in the highly effective coagulation precipitation process, present embodiment adopts mechanical stirring in Pre-coagulation is handled, promptly rely on the exterior mechanical energize, the current of the waste water when Pre-coagulation is handled produce turbulent flow, this churned mechanically advantage has mixes fast, little, the good mixing effect of head loss is saved advantages such as coagulation dose 20%～30%.The medicament that the one-level coagulating sedimentation adds (coagulating agent) adopts iron trichloride, iron trichloride has good coagulation, not only can remove suspended substance, partial organic substances, can remove the silicates soluble solid simultaneously, prevent that it from causing serious scaling fouling to film; The medicament that the two-stage coagulation precipitation adds adopts white lime, calcium ion in the white lime can form precipitation with tannin, can the degree of depth remove silicates soluble solid and basicity, the pH value of while regulator solution, make the colloidal solid in the solution take off steady precipitation, to follow-up ultrafiltration membrane treatment and reverse osmosis membrane processing, the O3 contacted oxidation processing all had good pre-treatment effect, the membrane structure problem that silicates dissolvable solid in the straw pulp is caused is greatly improved, and makes the technology of water in the extensive straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater of ultra-filtration membrane and reverse osmosis membrane processing be able to promotion and application;
Coagulation reaction tank is the core process during coagulating sedimentation is handled, water outlet after will handling through Pre-coagulation is incorporated into the central authorities of coagulation reaction tank base plate, the impeller of a stirring usefulness is set in coagulation reaction tank inside, this impeller is positioned at the cylinder of center constant-current type, the effect of this impeller is to make current uniform mixing in the reaction tank, and provide required energy for flocculation and the distribution of polyelectrolyte, add coagulant aids (as polyacrylamide) by the medicine system below impeller, make in the mixed reaction pond to suspend cotton-shaped or crystalline solid particulate concentration remains at optimum regime, the external recirculation system by the precipitation thickened sludge that refluxes from coagulative precipitation tank makes that sludge concentration is ensured in the coagulation reaction tank;
Precipitation process during coagulating sedimentation is handled is the important step with organism and water sepn, isolating situation has directly influenced effluent quality, during handling, this adopt tube settler as coagulative precipitation tank, and concentrated mud scraper is set therein, make both in conjunction with application, make the mud gathering and be concentrated in the tube settler bottom by concentrated mud scraper, pass through sludge reflux pump, sludge part after concentrating is back in the reaction tank, realize the quick and efficient of coagulation by contact, and will not have the medicament of complete reaction to react completely, ensure stable effluent quality by the tube settling principle.
(2) ultra-filtration membrane and reverse osmosis membrane processing:
Ultrafiltration (Ultra filtration is called for short UF) is handled and is generally understood to and the relevant screening process of fenestra size.Pressure difference with the film both sides is a motivating force, is filtration medium with the ultra-filtration membrane.Under certain pressure, when water flows through the film surface, only allow water, inorganic salt and small-molecule substance to see through film, and stop the macromolecular substance such as suspended substance, colloid, protein and microorganism in the water to pass through, with purification, separation and the spissated purpose that reaches solution.Ultrafiltration can effectively improve the influent quality of reverse osmosis as the pretreatment system of reverse osmosis, can prolong the work-ing life of reverse osmosis system; Ultrafiltration system automatic controlling level height can reduce labour intensity and labour cost and reduce working cost, is the efficient water treatment system of a new generation.
Reverse osmosis (Reverse Osmosis, abbreviation RO) handling is a kind of reverse locomotory movement, under pressure (high-pressure pump) drives, by means of the selection crown_interception of semi-permeable membranes with solute and separated from solvent, reverse-osmosis treated can be with the Impurity removals such as mineral ion, organism and colloid of the overwhelming majority in the former water, to obtain high-quality product water.Because advantages such as reverse osmosis technology has no phase transformation, modularization, flow process is simple, easy to operate, floor space is little, reduced investment, power consumption are low, so in water treatment, obtained a large amount of utilizations.
(3) O3 contacted oxidation is handled:
Along with the reduction of ozone production cost, ozone technology generally is used for water treatment, however partial organic substances be difficult to effectively be degraded by ozone oxidation, the efficient that causes ozone to use separately is not high.Present embodiment has used the subsequent technique that carries out oxide treatment with granulated active carbon as the contact ozonization method of ozone catalytic agent; come organism in the oxygenolysis water by the synergy of ozone and gac; the efficient of degradation of organic substances is higher, and removes the colourity of the overwhelming majority.This technology is also referred to as the heterogeneous catalyst ozonation technology.For the heterogeneous catalyst ozone Oxidation Treatment, the selection of solid catalyst is the key whether this technology has efficient oxidation usefulness.
In embodiments of the present invention, equipment and technology mainly are to adopt the contact tower catalytic oxidation reaction device, and direct and catalyst surface catalytic oxidation forms the catalytic oxidation system with the solution behind the dissolved ozone.Solve ozone and used the not high problem of oxidation of organic compounds efficient separately, improve the whole oxidation efficiency of ozone, reduce the energy consumption and the issuable poisonous and harmful by product of side reaction, reduce the dosage of ozone and add the time, thereby not only improve effluent quality, and reduce running cost.
(4) charcoal absorption is handled:
Charcoal absorption has certain loading capacity; but handling through biochemical process; the highly effective coagulation precipitation process, after O3 contacted oxidation was handled, the organic content of middle water was lower; therefore the time of saturated absorption is longer relatively; select shell granulated active carbon (apricot shell) in embodiments of the present invention for use, the shell granulated active carbon has very high absorption property to the less organism of the concentration in the water body, has separate easily simultaneously; be difficult for loss, changing convenient the grade has advantage.After the middle water of dissolved ozone enters activated carbon adsorber, under the reductive action of gac, be reduced, adsorbed organic matter also obtains decomposing under the effect of ozone in the gac simultaneously, gac is regenerated to a certain extent, thereby increased the work-ing life of gac, reduced running cost.
Embodiment three
Present embodiment is to adopt embodiment one described treatment system, treatment process described in two in conjunction with the embodiments, concrete treating processes is carried out in the water outlet after biochemical treatment that a certain papermaking straw pulp factory discharges, embodiment of the present invention is described further, biochemical reaction tank water outlet with this papermaking straw pulp factory, promote the Pre-coagulation part that enters one-level highly effective coagulation precipitation process by one-level, add the iron trichloride powder by the dry powder supply device, the dry powder dosage is 0.08～0.16g/L, to realize to suspended particulate, organism, effective removal of silicates soluble solid etc., because the hydrolytic action of iron causes water body pH to reduce.Directly enter in the coagulation reaction tank of one-level highly effective coagulation precipitation process through stirring back solution, in coagulation reaction tank, add polyacrylamide, and stir by the impeller that is arranged in the coagulation reaction tank, the reaction back forms the settling tank that the bigger flco of particle diameter enters the highly effective coagulation settling region, realize separating of flco and water at coagulative precipitation tank, the sludge part that forms is back to coagulation reaction tank, to improve the sludge concentration of reaction tank, increase the efficient of contact flocculation and collision, part then regularly effluxes;
Water outlet gravity flow through one-level highly effective coagulation settling tank enters into secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank Pre-coagulation pond, add white lime dry powder or solution by chemicals dosing plant, dosage is 0.1～0.5g/L, to realize effective removal to suspended particulate, tannins organism, silicates soluble solid and basicity, simultaneously, the adding alkali number can make water body pH meta-alkalescence when excessive, may cause the scale problems of film.
Water through secondary highly effective coagulation precipitation process need be through a common sand filtering device, enter intermediate pool then: 65% water yield of intermediate pool is connected to the ultrafiltration membrane treatment device by pump, what the ultrafiltration membrane treatment device adopted is the polyvinylidene fluoride film of 0.1 μ m, intake by external-compression type, make separated going out such as particulate matter, microorganism, larger molecular organics, protein, colloid, produce water and enter the reverse osmosis membrane processing device.The reverse osmosis membrane processing device adopts the rolling polyamide composite film, and ratio of desalinization reaches more than 99%, and most specific conductivity are removed.
35% the water yield enters the O3 contacted oxidation tower and carries out the advanced oxidation processing, by adding ozone and the ozone catalyzed oxidation with granulated active carbon, the biodegradable organic pollutant that is difficult in the solution thoroughly is decomposed into CO
2Or H
2O, or be medium molecule or small organic molecule with the larger molecular organics oxygenolysis, thereby water quality is greatly improved;
Make and add remaining ozone and the reacted aqueous solution and together enter activated carbon adsorber and carry out charcoal absorption and handle, with the residual ozone catalytic oxidation treatment, utilize the bigger specific surface area of characteristic and surface of multiple catalyzer, the medium molecule organism is carried out adsorption and oxidation, in this step, more than ozone obtained further utilization, the medium molecule organism that is adsorbed on the seed activity carbon surface is carried out direct oxidation;
Condensed water through reverse osmosis membrane processing enters the condensed water treating part, and Fenton reagent (ferrous ion and the hydrogen peroxide) oxidation style in the advanced oxidation processes is adopted in the condensed water treating part.Condensed water is introduced into sour equalizing tank, regulate pH to 3.5～4.0 with sulfuric acid, enter into described advanced oxidation reaction tank then, establish agitator and medicine machine in the advanced oxidation reaction tank, institute's adding medicine is ferrous sulfate powder and hydrogen peroxide liquid, adds dose and is respectively 40～80mg/L (with Fe
2+The meter) and 200～400mg/L (with H
2O
2Meter), reaction time is 30min, and water outlet enters the neutralization precipitation pond, adopts sheet alkali or white lime, regulates pH to 8.0 coagulating sedimentation iron ion, effluxes after making water outlet reach the standard of effluxing.
In sum, the treatment system of the embodiment of the invention and treatment process can effectively be removed the lignin superpolymer in the water in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater, necessary additive in tannins and some paper-making process, as printing ink, presence agent, the organism of difficult for biological degradation such as defoamer, simultaneously to causing the serious silicates soluble solid of reverse osmosis membrane infringement to have removal effect preferably, make reverse osmosis membrane become possibility in extensive straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater application in engineering, it also has following advantage:
(1) physics and chemical process are organically combined, at the organism of handling each stage different molecular structures and molecular weight, adopt pointed treatment technology, and every kind of treatment technology all is comparatively advanced and ripe, and the effective combination between them is based on that further investigation to the organism reaction mechanism draws.Wherein in the firsts and seconds highly effective coagulation settling tank, iron trichloride powder and white lime have been added innovatively, coagulation effect is good, suspended particulate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) all have obvious removal, the more important thing is effective removal to the silicates soluble solid, solved the difficult problem of the silicon fouling in the reverse osmosis membrane processing process, the reverse osmosis membrane processing device is stablized and secular operation.
(2),, need to adopt reverse osmosis membrane processing, to ensure out water conductivity on the one hand in order to ensure the requirement of reuse water to specific conductivity for water Treatment for Reuse in the large-scale papermaking straw pulp; On the other hand, reverse osmosis membrane has certain rate of recovery, adopt reverse osmosis membrane processing fully, the investment and the replacement charge of film are huge, and produce a large amount of condensed water, the water quality of the water outlet after the reverse-osmosis treated is also well a lot of than the water quality that requires simultaneously, cause the waste of material and energy consumption virtually, therefore, adopt the operation process of shunting processing and merging water outlet not only can increase the water yield of reuse water, reduce the water yield and the processing costs of condensed water, and can also reduce the investment and the replacement charge 30% of film, be significant for water reuse project in large-scale.
(3) adopt heterogeneous catalytic ozonation technology, not only can increase the service efficiency of ozone, colourity in the centering water, organism etc. have good effect of removing, in addition, also increased the loading capacity of activated carbon adsorber through the residual ozone behind the O3 contacted oxidation tower, prolong its life cycle, reduced running cost.The shell granulated active carbon that adopts in the O3 contacted oxidation tower, it is big to have overcurrent speed, and loading capacity is big, separate easily and replacing, advantage such as nontoxic.
(4) the present invention can combine with other treatment process, improves and optimizes at different processing targets, will be expected to be applied to simultaneously the advanced treatment and the reuse of hospital wastewater, dyeing waste water, leather-making waste water, slaughterhouse's waste water etc.Thereby the realization applied range, the advantage that Technology is safe and reliable.
The above; only be the preferable embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; succession relation between each embodiment does not cause any restriction to the present invention yet; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (15)
1. water recycling processing system in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater is characterized in that this system comprises:
Equalizing tank, one-level highly effective coagulation settling tank, secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank, intermediate pool, ultrafiltration membrane treatment device, reverse osmosis membrane processing device, O3 contacted oxidation tower, activated carbon adsorber, sour equalizing tank, advanced oxidation reaction tank, neutralization precipitation pond, clean water basin and product pond;
Described equalizing tank is connected with intermediate pool with one-level highly effective coagulation settling tank, secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank successively; The water side of described intermediate pool is divided into two-way output, and first via output is connected with described reverse osmosis membrane processing device through described ultrafiltration membrane treatment device, and the second tunnel output is connected with described activated carbon adsorber through described O3 contacted oxidation tower; The good water of described reverse osmosis membrane processing device water side all is connected with described product pond with the water side of described activated carbon adsorber; The condensed water water side of described reverse osmosis membrane processing device is connected with clean water basin through sour equalizing tank, advanced oxidation reaction tank, neutralization precipitation pond.
2. water recycling processing system in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with diving mixer in the described equalizing tank.
3. water recycling processing system in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described one-level highly effective coagulation settling tank is identical with secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank structure, includes:
Pre-coagulation pond, coagulation reaction tank and coagulative precipitation tank, the three connects successively; Wherein, described Pre-coagulation pond is provided with the coagulating agent input port, and pre-mixing is provided with whipping appts in the pond; Described coagulation reaction tank is provided with the coagulant aids input port, is provided with whipping appts in the coagulation reaction tank; The bottom of described coagulative precipitation tank is provided with mud refluxing opening and mud relief outlet, and described mud refluxing opening also is connected to the coagulation reaction tank bottom by return line through the backflow blowback, and described mud relief outlet is connected with residual sludge pump through shore pipe.
4. water recycling processing system in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, be provided with sand filtration and backwash device in the described intermediate pool, the aquifer yield of the first via output in the two-way output of intermediate pool water side is that the aquifer yield of 65%, the second tunnel output of intermediate pool water outlet total flux is 35% of an intermediate pool water outlet total flux.
5. water recycling processing system in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described ultrafiltration membrane treatment device is connected and composed by intake pump, film framework, hyperfiltration membrane assembly, backwashing pump, chemical cleaning system and instrument; Described hyperfiltration membrane assembly is arranged in the film framework, comprises hollow-fibre membrane and pressure-bearing putamina; Described hollow-fibre membrane is the external-compression type film, and mould material is a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), 0.1 micron of pore size filter.
6. water recycling processing system in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described reverse osmosis membrane processing device is formed by connecting by intake pump, high-pressure pump, recycle pump, film framework, reverse osmosis membrane assembly, backwashing pump, medicine system, chemical cleaning system and instrument; Described reverse osmosis membrane assembly is arranged in the film framework, comprises coiled reverse osmosis membrane and pressure-bearing putamina; Described reverse osmosis membrane is a rolled film, and mould material is a polyamide composite film, and single film standard ratio of desalinization is 99.5%.
7. water recycling processing system in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described O3 contacted oxidation tower adopts the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation reaction unit, is provided with ozonizer in this device and as the shell granulated active carbon of catalyzer.
8. water recycling processing system in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with shell seed activity carbon filling material in the described activated carbon adsorber.
9. water recycling processing system in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described sour equalizing tank agitator and chemicals dosing plant is set;
Be provided with in the described advanced oxidation reaction tank through antiseptic agitator and two groups of chemicals dosing plants;
Be provided with agitator and one group of chemicals dosing plant in the described neutralization precipitation pond;
Described product is provided with agitator in the pond.
10. water process for reclaiming in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater is characterized in that, adopts aforesaid right to require 1～9 each described treatment system, and this method comprises:
The one-level coagulating sedimentation is handled: make in the papermaking straw pulp after the biochemical treatment water in the one-level coagulative precipitation tank of treatment system, carry out coagulating sedimentation and handle, in the coagulating sedimentation treating processes to dry method adds iron trichloride powder or bodied ferric sulfate in the water in handling any as coagulating agent;
The two-stage coagulation precipitation process: the water outlet after described one-level coagulating sedimentation is handled enters in the secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank carries out coagulating treatment again;
Ultrafiltration membrane treatment: the water outlet after the described two-stage coagulation precipitation process is divided into two-way output after intermediate pool, the water outlet of one tunnel output water outlet total flux 65% enters carries out ultrafiltration membrane treatment in the ultrafiltration membrane treatment device, divide suspended particulate, macromolecular colloid and protein in dried up;
Reverse-osmosis treated: the water outlet after the described ultrafiltration membrane treatment enters the reverse osmosis membrane processing device and carries out reverse-osmosis treated, removes ammonia nitrogen, colourity and resolvability solid in the water;
O3 contacted oxidation is handled: the water outlet after the described two-stage coagulation precipitation process after intermediate pool in the two-way output water outlet of another road output water outlet total flux 35% enter and carry out oxide treatment in the O3 contacted oxidation tower, make behind the dissolved ozone the aqueous solution directly and seed activity carbon surface catalytic oxidation;
Charcoal absorption is handled: the water outlet after described O3 contacted oxidation is handled enters activated carbon adsorber and carries out adsorption treatment;
Advanced oxidation is handled: condensed water water outlet after the described reverse-osmosis treated is entered through sour equalizing tank carry out advanced oxidation in the advanced oxidation reaction tank and handle, in the advanced oxidation reaction tank, add the ferrous sulfate powder during processing and hydrogen peroxide is made medicament, organism in the water is carried out oxygenolysis, and water outlet enters the neutralization precipitation pond;
Produce the pond combination treatment: good water water outlet after the reverse-osmosis treated and the water outlet after charcoal absorption is handled are entered jointly produce the pond, by mixing after the stir process good water as reuse.
11. water process for reclaiming in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, described one-level coagulating sedimentation is handled and is specifically comprised: when water carries out coagulating treatment in the papermaking straw pulp after the biochemical treatment, any dosage as coagulating agent that dry method adds iron trichloride powder or bodied ferric sulfate in the water in handle in the Pre-coagulation pond of described one-level highly effective coagulation settling tank is 0.08g～0.16g/L, and the time of mixing is 2 minutes; The water outlet of Pre-coagulation pond enters coagulation reaction tank and carries out the coagulating processing, and interpolation concentration is 0.1% coagulant aids polyacrylamide in waste water, and dosage is 1～2mg/L, and the residence time is 7～8 minutes; Water outlet after coagulating is handled enters coagulative precipitation tank and carries out the coagulating sedimentation processing, sedimentation time is 60～120 minutes, sedimentary mud is concentrated a back part be back to the continuation reaction of coagulation reaction tank bottom, quantity of reflux is 10%～25% of a flooding quantity, and another part excess sludge is sent dehydration outside.
12. water process for reclaiming in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, described two-stage coagulation precipitation process specifically comprises: when coagulating treatment is carried out in the water outlet after the one-level coagulating sedimentation is handled again, water outlet is introduced in the Pre-coagulation pond of described secondary highly effective coagulation settling tank carries out Pre-coagulation, add any of coagulated agent calcium hydroxide liquid or white lime powder with wet method to the Pre-coagulation pond, dosage is 0.1g～0.5g/L, and the waterpower time of mixing is 2 minutes; Water outlet after Pre-coagulation is handled enters coagulation reaction tank and carries out the coagulating processing, adds the coagulant aids polyacrylamide in the waste water of coagulation reaction tank, and dosage is 1～2mg/L, and the residence time is 7～8 minutes; The treatment stage that water outlet after coagulating is handled entering coagulating sedimentation, sedimentation time is 60～120 minutes, sedimentary mud is concentrated a back part be back to the continuation reaction of coagulation reaction tank bottom, quantity of reflux is 10%～25% of a flooding quantity, and another part excess sludge is sent dehydration outside.
13. the water process for reclaiming is characterized in that in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater according to claim 10, during described O3 contacted oxidation was handled, the iodine number of described granulated active carbon was 1000mg/g, and the concentration that adds of described ozone is 50mg/L; Make behind the dissolved ozone the aqueous solution directly and the total reaction time of seed activity carbon surface catalytic oxidation be 20 minutes.
14. the water process for reclaiming is characterized in that in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater according to claim 10, during described charcoal absorption is handled, the residence time of the waste water of handling in activated carbon adsorber be 40 minutes.
15. the water process for reclaiming is characterized in that in the straw-pulp-papermaking wastewater according to claim 10, during described advanced oxidation was handled, total time was 30 minutes, and waste water adopts water pH value to 3.5～4.0 in the sulfuric acid adjusting at sour equalizing tank; Add in the advanced oxidation reaction tank during processing in the ferrous sulfate powder and hydrogen peroxide as medicament, the dosage of ferrous sulfate powder is with Fe
2+Count 40～80mg/L, the dosage of hydrogen peroxide is with H
2O
2Count 200～400mg/L; Waste water adopts water pH value to 8.0 in caustic soda or the white lime adjusting, precipitated iron ion in the neutralization precipitation pond.
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