CN101755654A - Peltateleaf begonia herb and rhizome type grape cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a peltateleaf begonia herb and rhizome type grape cultivation method, which is favorable for improving the grape quality, effectively controlling the yield and realizing excellent quality, stable yield, long life and beautiful appearance of the grapes. The method comprises the following steps: (1) in the first year, carrying out trench planting, namely, shearing the seedling for fix planting to leave two buds, cultivating one or two young sprouts, and in winter shearing the cultivated annual shoot to leave 0.5m of the annual shoot, pressing the left annual shoot on the ground surface and fixing the left annual shoot on a first strip of iron wire, wherein when trench planting is carried out, the fix planting furrow width is 0.5 meter, the furrow depth is 0.5 meter, the plant spacing is 0.5 or 1.0 meter and the row spacing is between 2.2 and 2.5 meters; (2) in the second year, straightly binding the young sprouts germinated from the bud eyes upward to ensure that the young sprouts are distributed uniformly on the trellis surface, and when carrying out shearing in winter, leaving three buds; and (3) in the third year, straightly binding the young sprouts germinated from the bud eyes upward to ensure that the young sprouts distributed are uniformly on the trellis surface and each bearing shoot have three young sprouts, and when carrying out shearing in winter, shearing all the parts which are provided with two annual shoots, and shearing another annual shoot to leave three buds.

Description

A kind of Peltateleaf begonia herb and rhizome type grape cultivation method

One, technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of kind method for planting of grape, especially relate to a kind of Peltateleaf begonia herb and rhizome type grape cultivation method.

Two, background technology:

To be that China is important one of cultivate apple trees grape.According to statistics, by 2007,438.4 thousand hectares of China's viticulture areas occupied the 5th in the world; 637.5 ten thousand tons of year malagas rank the 4th in the world.In recent years, China was in the quick rise period of wine consumption, increased above 15% in continuous 3 years.The wine income from sales by 2004 74.34 hundred million bring up to 117.6 hundred million yuan in 2007, increased by 43.26 hundred million in 2 years, average annual growth rate reaches more than 30%.According to State Statistics Bureau's statistics, national wine grape cultivated area was near 900,000 mu in 2008; Vintage reaches 69.83 ten thousand kilolitres, leaps to the 7th in the world.

The grape major part of northern China plantation is an european race, and its eye can only be stood-16 ℃ to about-18 ℃ low temperature in the winter time, and the root system cold tolerance is low, and freeze injury takes place when generally reaching-5 ℃ to-7 ℃ in soil temperature.Especially China wine grape needs soil burial winter protection more than 90%, so " soil burial winter protection " is the great difficult problem of restriction China's grape and wine industry development always.

For the undercarriage in winter that meets the needs of the soil burial winter protection grape buries soil, in the past no trunk shaping (leading climing fan-shaped, " V " and " U " shape) and imperial forms of adopting in the production more more.But the cropping pattern of each growing area mostly is the cropping pattern of directly indiscriminately imitating non-soil burial winter protection district: pruning technique requires high, complex operation; Need undercarriage before burying soil, be unfavorable for mechanized; The perennial part of grapevine seedling constantly extends, and then the nutrition transportation range that extended, and plant is aging fast; Summer pruning is loaded down with trivial details, the labour intensity height, and damage by disease and insect is serious, is unfavorable for mechanized operation; Setting fruit position is irregular, and maturity differs.Adopt the kind method for planting of these incompatibilities soil burial winter protection in winter and mechanized operation, cause China's grape or even output vinous and quality to be had a strong impact on.Therefore, the planting patterns of inventing a kind of suitable soil burial winter protection and mechanized becomes an urgent demand of grape and wine industry.

Three, summary of the invention:

The present invention is in order to solve the weak point in the above-mentioned background technology, a kind of Peltateleaf begonia herb and rhizome type grape cultivation method is provided, its suitable soil burial winter protection and mechanized, for the development of grape and wine industry provides a kind of easy and simple to handle, kind method for planting that the mechanized degree is high, solved other kind method for planting and buried that soil is put on the shelf and it is loaded down with trivial details to put on the shelf spring, the problem of mechanized difficulty winter.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:

A kind of Peltateleaf begonia herb and rhizome type grape cultivation method comprises trunk, frame face, the system of fibrous root and short cane pruning, it is characterized in that: described trunk is 1～2; Described face is high 1.5m～2.0m, wide 0.5m～1.0m; Described fibrous root is that trunk subsides surface location living a large amount of systems of fibrous root; Described short cane pruning is to cut in the winter to stay 2～3 buds.

Said method may further comprise the steps:

(1) first year:

Trench planting: field planting furrow width 0.5m, ditch depth 0.5m buries the thick area of soil, and the surface of field planting ditch is lower than face of land 0.2m; Singly climb earthworm spacing in the rows 0.5m, two earthworm spacing in the rows 1.0m that climb, line-spacing 2.2m～2.5m, it is thick more to bury soil, and line-spacing is big more;

Field planting cut with seedling stay two buds, cultivate one or two young sprout; Overground part is a stand shape, the high 1.5m of frame face, frame face width 0.5m; Stay 0.5m to be pressed in the face of land the annual secateurs of being cultivated winter, is fixed on the first road iron wire;

(2) second years:

After being unearthed spring, the upright bondage that will be made progress by the young sprout that eye sends makes it evenly to distribute on the frame face, and the part that surpasses the frame face is all wiped out, and cuts when pruning in the winter time and stays 3 buds;

(3) the 3rd years:

Will by eye send the young sprout upright bondage that makes progress, make it on the frame face, evenly to distribute, will all wipe out above the part of frame face; 3 young sprouts of each bearing basal shoot; When pruning in the winter time, will all cut with the part of two annual branches, another annual secateurs stays 3 buds.

Compared with prior art, the advantage and the effect that have of the present invention is as follows:

1, buries the mechanized of being unearthed in soil and spring the winter in winter protection area, avoid undercarriage and putting on the shelf spring in winter;

2, winter pruning is simple, quick, is convenient to fool's equalization;

3, can prevent the elongation of grapevine seedling trunk, arm and main perennial part such as climing effectively, shorten the nutrition transportation range; Trunk can form a large amount of systems of fibrous root, helps absorbing of nutriment, prevents the aging of plant;

4, be shaped soon, help high yield ahead of time;

5, help the mechanization of vineyard management, reduce the labour intensity of summer pruning and vineyard management and the harm of damage by disease and insect;

6, grape setting fruit position unanimity, ripe neat, help improving the grape quality and effectively control output, realize the purpose of the grape Sustainable Production of " high-quality, stable yields, longevity, attractive in appearance ".

Four, description of drawings:

Fig. 1 cuts with seedling for field planting and stays schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is the nursery stock schematic diagram that has two young sprouts;

Fig. 3 is 1 year kind method for planting schematic diagram;

Fig. 4 is 1 year kind method for planting and winter shear method schematic diagram;

Fig. 5 is the 3rd year kind method for planting and winter shear method schematic diagram.

Five, embodiment:

Embodiment:

1,1 year

Trench planting: field planting furrow width 0.5m, ditch depth 0.5m buries the thick area of soil, and the surface of field planting ditch should be lower than face of land 0.2m; Spacing in the rows 0.5m (singly climbing earthworm) or 1.0m (two climb earthworm), line-spacing 2.2m ~ 2.5m (it is thick more to bury soil, and line-spacing is big more).

Field planting cut with seedling stay two buds (Fig. 1), cultivate one (singly climbing earthworm) or two young sprouts (two climb earthworm) (Fig. 2); Overground part is a stand shape, the high 1.5m of frame face, frame face width 0.5m; Stay 0.5m to be pressed in the face of land the annual secateurs of being cultivated winter, is fixed on the first road iron wire (Fig. 3).

2,1 year

After being unearthed spring, the upright bondage that will be made progress by the young sprout that eye sends makes it evenly to distribute on the frame face, and the part that surpasses the frame face is all wiped out, and cuts when pruning in the winter time and stays 3 buds (Fig. 4).

3, the 3rd year

The upright bondage that will be made progress by the young sprout that eye sends makes it evenly to distribute on the frame face.The part that surpasses the frame face is all cut.3 young sprouts of each fruit bearing shoot.When pruning in the winter time, the part that will have two annual branches is all cut, and another annual secateurs stays 3 buds (Fig. 5).

Claims (2)

1. a Peltateleaf begonia herb and rhizome type grape cultivation method comprises trunk, frame face, the system of fibrous root and short cane pruning, it is characterized in that: described trunk is 1～2; Described face is high 1.5m～2.0m, wide 0.5m～1.0m; Described fibrous root is that trunk subsides surface location living a large amount of systems of fibrous root; Described short cane pruning is to cut in the winter to stay 2～3 buds.

2. a kind of Peltateleaf begonia herb and rhizome type grape cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

(1) first year:

Trench planting: field planting furrow width 0.5m, ditch depth 0.5m buries the thick area of soil, and the surface of field planting ditch is lower than face of land 0.2m; Singly climb earthworm spacing in the rows 0.5m, two earthworm spacing in the rows 1.0m that climb, line-spacing 2.2m～2.5m, it is thick more to bury soil, and line-spacing is big more;

Field planting cut with seedling stay two buds, cultivate one or two young sprout; Overground part is a stand shape, the high 1.5m of frame face, frame face width 0.5m; Stay 0.5m to be pressed in the face of land the annual secateurs of being cultivated winter, is fixed on the first road iron wire;

(2) second years:

After being unearthed spring, the upright bondage that will be made progress by the young sprout that eye sends makes it evenly to distribute on the frame face, and the part that surpasses the frame face is all wiped out, and cuts when pruning in the winter time and stays 3 buds;

(3) the 3rd years:

Will by eye send the young sprout upright bondage that makes progress, make it on the frame face, evenly to distribute, will all wipe out above the part of frame face; 3 young sprouts of each bearing basal shoot; When pruning in the winter time, will all cut with the part of two annual branches, another annual secateurs stays 3 buds.

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