CN101747016A - 一种免烧结粉煤灰砖 - Google Patents

一种免烧结粉煤灰砖 Download PDF

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CN101747016A
CN101747016A CN200810183416A CN200810183416A CN101747016A CN 101747016 A CN101747016 A CN 101747016A CN 200810183416 A CN200810183416 A CN 200810183416A CN 200810183416 A CN200810183416 A CN 200810183416A CN 101747016 A CN101747016 A CN 101747016A
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slag
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brick
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CN101747016B (zh
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贾延伟
杜世永
陈可平
李天改
吴正强
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SHIHEZI DEVELOPMENT ZONE TIANFU NEW BUILDING MATERIAL Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/08—Slag cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
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    • C04B20/026—Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos
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    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0004—Compounds chosen for the nature of their cations
    • C04B2103/0006—Alkali metal or inorganic ammonium compounds
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00336—Materials with a smooth surface, e.g. obtained by using glass-surfaced moulds
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/29—Frost-thaw resistance
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
    • C04B2111/343—Crack resistant materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种免烧结粉煤灰砖的配方及其制备方法，涉及建筑材料领域。目前采用粉煤灰做粘土替代物制砖的技术已被广泛应用，但是现有技术仍需要向配料中添加水泥等化工原料，制砖材料成本高，吸水率高，抗冻性能差，强度低，且干燥的成品砖容易出现龟裂，甚至断裂的情况。本发明采用粉煤灰、电石渣为原料，混合搅拌后送入高速细碎对辊机粉碎、轮碾，将破碎、轮碾后的混合物与炉渣、柠檬酸渣、黄沙、亚硝酸钠、硫酸钠、硅酸钠、三乙醇胺、稀土粉尘、水、水玻璃、食盐混合搅拌，再经制坯、静养、热气养护制得成品。与现有粉煤灰砖相比，本发明免烧结粉煤灰砖的质量明显提高，抗压强度提高，而且各龄期干缩值减小，抗冻能力强，外观整齐无龟裂，本发明还具有制备工艺简单、生产成本低、对环境污染小等优点。

Description

一种免烧结粉煤灰砖
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑用材领域，尤其涉及一种免烧结粉煤灰砖的配方及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前建材行业使用的实心砖、空心砖、多孔砖多以粘土作为主要原料，造成大量农田被毁，国家为此出台多项政策限制烧结砖的使用，这就严重制约传统砖业的发展，采用粘土替代物制备砖已势在必行。粉煤灰是火力发电厂燃烧煤炭排放出的一种粘土状火山灰质材料，可以作为粘土的替代品使用，国内外均有使用粉煤灰植被砖的报道和专利，如目前采用粉煤灰作为原料生产的承重免烧砖，还需要添加水泥熟料，大约占原料总量的15％-25％，粉煤灰约占30％。还有部分粉煤灰砖，粉煤灰掺入量较少，辅料中粘土、水泥掺入量偏高，在添加剂的使用上亦不合理。同时对粉煤灰要求很高，需全部通过4900筛，化学活性要高，掺入的水泥标号要求高达425#或525#。这种制砖材料的成本高，并且吸水率高，抗冻性能差，强度低，且干燥的成品砖容易出现龟裂，甚至断裂的情况。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种免烧结粉煤灰砖的配方及其制备方法，解决现有粉煤灰砖存在的植被成本高、热能利用率低、燃烧过程中调节繁琐的问题。
实现上述目的的技术方案如下：
一种免烧结粉煤灰砖，配方如下：粉煤灰60-70份、炉渣10-18份、电石渣10-15份、柠檬酸渣1-2份、黄沙3-6份、亚硝酸钠0.1-0.2份、硫酸钠0.2-0.5份、硅酸钠0.5-1份、三乙醇胺0.01-0.02份，稀土粉尘0.1-0.5份，水8-22.5份、水玻璃0.01-0.03份、食盐0.15-0.4份。
所述的稀土粉尘平均粒径7.4um，90％颗粒＜18um，过80um筛余1.40％，表面积9474cm2/g，水溶液pH值为10，活性硅14.3％，活性铝3.30％，活性率81.5％。
其制备方法由以下步骤组成：
(1)将粉煤灰、电石渣按配方混合后搅拌；
(2)将步骤(1)所得的混合物送入高速细碎对辊机，破碎、轮碾；
(3)将破碎、轮碾后的混合物按配方与炉渣、添加剂混合、搅拌；
(4)将混合料送入成型机制成毛坯，取出置于静养室，温度自30℃升至50℃，升温速率1℃/分钟，并静养3-7小时；
(5)将步骤(4)制得的毛坯送入反应窖中，用热气炉养护即得成品，其中反应窑温度90-110℃、湿度在80-90％。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、与现有技术相比，本发明免烧结粉煤灰砖制作工艺简单、成本低。
2、粉煤灰砖的质量明显提高。当渗入黄沙时，不仅抗压强度提高20％～30％，而且各龄期干缩值减小，极限干缩率为0.65-0.72％，抗冻能力强，外观整齐无龟裂。
3、本发明利用热电厂的工业废料，保护环境，节约热电厂储灰占用土地。
实施例
实施例1
配方为：
粉煤灰60份、炉渣18份、电石渣15份、柠檬酸渣2份、黄沙6份、亚硝酸钠0.1份、硫酸钠0.2份、硅酸钠0.5份、三乙醇胺0.01份，稀土粉尘0.5份，水8份、水玻璃0.03份、食盐0.15份。
其制备方法由以下步骤组成：
(1)将60份粉煤灰、15份电石渣按配方混合后搅拌；
(2)将步骤(1)所得的混合物送入高速细碎对辊机，破碎、轮碾；
(3)将破碎、轮碾后的混合物按配方与炉渣18份、柠檬酸渣2份、黄沙6份、亚硝酸钠0.1份、硫酸钠0.2份、硅酸钠0.5份、三乙醇胺0.01份、稀土粉尘0.5份、水8份、水玻璃0.03份、食盐0.15份混合、搅拌；
(4)将混合料送入成型机制成毛坯，取出置于静养室，温度自30℃升至50℃，升温速率1℃/分钟，并静养3小时；
(5)将步骤(4)制得的毛坯送入反应窖中，用热气炉养护即得成品，反应窑温度90℃、湿度80％。
实施例2
配方为：
粉煤灰65份、炉渣14份、电石渣12份、柠檬酸渣1.5份、黄沙4.5份、亚硝酸钠0.15份、硫酸钠0.35份、硅酸钠0.75份、三乙醇胺0.015份、稀土粉尘0.3份、水15份、水玻璃0.02份、食盐0.3份。
其制备方法由以下步骤组成：
(1)将65份粉煤灰、12份电石渣按配方混合后搅拌；
(2)将步骤(1)所得的混合物送入高速细碎对辊机，破碎、轮碾；
(3)将破碎、轮碾后的混合物按配方与炉渣14份、柠檬酸渣1.5份、黄沙4.5份、亚硝酸钠0.15份、硫酸钠0.35份、硅酸钠0.75份、三乙醇胺0.015份、稀土粉尘0.3份、水15份、水玻璃0.02份、食盐0.3份混合、搅拌；
(4)将混合料送入成型机制成毛坯，取出置于静养室，温度自30℃升至50℃，升温速率1℃/分钟，并静养5小时；
(5)将步骤(4)制得的毛坯送入反应窖中，用热气炉养护即得成品，其中反应窑温度99℃、湿度85％。
实施例3
配方为：
粉煤灰70份、炉渣10份、电石渣10份、柠檬酸渣1份、黄沙3份、亚硝酸钠0.2份、硫酸钠0.5份、硅酸钠1份、三乙醇胺0.02份，稀土粉尘0.1份，水玻璃0.01份、水22.5份、食盐0.4份。
其制备方法由以下步骤组成：
(1)将70份粉煤灰、10份电石渣按配方混合后搅拌；
(2)将步骤(1)所得的混合物送入高速细碎对辊机，破碎、轮碾；
(3)将破碎、轮碾后的混合物按配方与炉渣10份、柠檬酸渣1份、黄沙3份、亚硝酸钠0.2份、硫酸钠0.5份、硅酸钠1份、三乙醇胺0.02份、稀土粉尘0.1份、水玻璃0.03份、水22.5份、食盐0.4份混合、搅拌；
(4)将混合料送入成型机制成毛坯，取出置于静养室，温度自30℃升至50℃，升温速率1℃/分钟，并静养7小时；
(5)将步骤(4)制得的毛坯送入反应窖中，用热气炉养护即得成品。其中反应窑温度110℃、湿度90％。

Claims (3)

1.一种免烧结粉煤灰砖的配方及其制备方法，其特征为配方如下：粉煤灰60-70份、炉渣10-18份、电石渣10-15份、柠檬酸渣1-2份、黄沙3-6份、亚硝酸钠0.1-0.2份、硫酸钠0.2-0.5份、硅酸钠0.5-1份、三乙醇胺0.01-0.02份，稀土粉尘0.1-0.5份，水8-22.5份、水玻璃0.01-0.03份、食盐0.15-0.4份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种免烧结粉煤灰砖的配方及其制备方法，其特征在于所述的稀土粉尘平均粒径7.4um，90％颗粒＜18um，过80um筛余1.40％，表面积9474cm2/g，水溶液pH值为10，活性硅14.3％，活性铝3.30％，活性率81.5％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种免烧结粉煤灰砖的配方及其制备方法，其特征在于其制备方法由以下步骤组成：
(1)将粉煤灰、电石渣按配方混合后搅拌；
(2)将步骤(1)所得的混合物送入高速细碎对辊机，破碎、轮碾；
(3)将破碎、轮碾后的混合物按配方与炉渣、柠檬酸渣、黄沙、亚硝酸钠、硫酸钠、硅酸钠、三乙醇胺0.01-0.02份，稀土粉尘0.1-0.5份，水8-22.5份、水玻璃0.01-0.03份、食盐0.15-0.4份混合、搅拌；
(4)将混合料送入成型机制成毛坯，取出置于静养室，温度自30℃升至50℃，升温速率1℃/分钟，并静养3-7小时；
(5)将步骤(4)制得的毛坯送入反应窖中，用热气炉养护即得成品，其中反应窑温度为90-110℃、湿度80-90％。
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Cited By (6)

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CN103664129A (zh) * 2012-09-11 2014-03-26 石河子大学 一种以工业废渣及沙漠砂为原料的蒸压粉煤灰砖
CN104844124A (zh) * 2015-04-16 2015-08-19 苏州神林堂中医药研究所 一种含有中草药的粉煤灰免烧砖的制备方法
CN108383469A (zh) * 2018-02-10 2018-08-10 雷春生 一种抗压型免烧电石渣砖的制备方法
CN112110710A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2020-12-22 湖北工业大学 一种弱碱激发电石渣-高钙灰复合胶凝材料的制备方法
CN113414001A (zh) * 2021-06-17 2021-09-21 赣州富邦冶金机械有限公司 城市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂炉渣专用金属分选***及工艺
CN115026925A (zh) * 2022-06-29 2022-09-09 淄博天之润生态科技有限公司 一种稀土尾矿干压砖制造方法

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CN1321933C (zh) * 2002-01-31 2007-06-20 刘洪川 制备粉煤灰砖的方法
CN1539565A (zh) * 2003-10-27 2004-10-27 杜世永 一种免烧结快速生产粉煤灰空心砖的工艺方法

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103664129A (zh) * 2012-09-11 2014-03-26 石河子大学 一种以工业废渣及沙漠砂为原料的蒸压粉煤灰砖
CN104844124A (zh) * 2015-04-16 2015-08-19 苏州神林堂中医药研究所 一种含有中草药的粉煤灰免烧砖的制备方法
CN108383469A (zh) * 2018-02-10 2018-08-10 雷春生 一种抗压型免烧电石渣砖的制备方法
CN112110710A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2020-12-22 湖北工业大学 一种弱碱激发电石渣-高钙灰复合胶凝材料的制备方法
CN113414001A (zh) * 2021-06-17 2021-09-21 赣州富邦冶金机械有限公司 城市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂炉渣专用金属分选***及工艺
CN113414001B (zh) * 2021-06-17 2022-03-25 赣州富邦冶金机械有限公司 城市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂炉渣专用金属分选***及工艺
CN115026925A (zh) * 2022-06-29 2022-09-09 淄博天之润生态科技有限公司 一种稀土尾矿干压砖制造方法

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