CN101743839A - Quick ecological restoration method for destroyed homesteads after earthquakes - Google Patents
Quick ecological restoration method for destroyed homesteads after earthquakes Download PDFInfo
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- CN101743839A CN101743839A CN200910312038A CN200910312038A CN101743839A CN 101743839 A CN101743839 A CN 101743839A CN 200910312038 A CN200910312038 A CN 200910312038A CN 200910312038 A CN200910312038 A CN 200910312038A CN 101743839 A CN101743839 A CN 101743839A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quick ecological restoration method for destroyed homesteads after earthquakes, which belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of waste land. The current method for restoration and reclamation of waste and destroyed homesteads comprises the steps of clearing slag, clearing a foundation, land-filling the slag, leveling and turning over the land, and the method is difficult to achieve the purposes of tillage quality promotion, soil fertility improvement and ecological environment improvement of farmlands after the homesteads are restored. The invention provides the ecological restoration method for the homesteads, which comprises the steps of clearing the solid waste, crushing a hardening layer, restoring replaced soil to form a tillage layer and intercropping vegetables through green manure; and the method organically combines engineering measures and biological measures, improves the soil quality at the same time of quick restoration of the tillage layer, considers both the ecological benefit and the economic benefit in the restoration process, and brings new progress and development space to the deep development of the ecological restoration of the waste land.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to abandoned land ecological recovery technical field, relate to damage house site quick ecological restoration and reclaiming, particularly relate to the quick ecological restoration and the technology of reclaiming of damage house site after the ground earthquake calamity.
Background technology
According to territory, Sichuan Province department statistics, " 5.12 " Wenchuan special violent earthquake causes the Sichuan stricken area damage and the house site of lossing to reach 820hm
2In conjunction with new countryside construction, for ensureing urban residents' safety of living, according to " the restoration and reconstruction soil utilizes ad hoc planning after the Wenchuan earthquake calamity " (No. (2008) 2690, Development and Reform Commission) requirement, the urban residents of forfeiture dwelling house will move away from the former address, and unified planning is saved intensive purpose to reach the soil.Though it is comparatively scattered that the damage house site distributes, most of house site physical features are mild relatively, soil horizon is thicker, floor space is bigger, and around the house site a considerable amount of farming basis arranged, and some is exactly to plough originally, therefore have the potentiality that revert to the arable land.
In addition estimate that according to the analysis of Urbanization in China on average have more than 1,200 ten thousand rural population will transfer to the area, cities and towns 20 years from now on national every year approximately, and with present Chinese rural residential estate 153m per capita
2Calculate, 183.6 ten thousand hm will be arranged from now on every year approximately
2The rural area house site may be on the shelf, if these waste old house base resources are reclaimed, will roll up the reserve farmland resource of China.
At present, house site recovers and the technology commonly used of reclaiming is summed up and is mainly:----landfill is built slag, and--land readjustment--turns on the cleaning basis in scarfing cinder.This technology mode makes it change arable land by simply turning over based on engineering machinery or human input behind cleaning house site discarded object, carries out agricultural production immediately., the recovery of this kind house site and reclamation method ignored the lifting of the back farmland quality of reclaiming yet only paying attention to the increase of quantity of cultivated land.House site soil is difficult to suitable farming because there are problems such as soil compaction is serious, unit weight is big, porosity is little, permeability is poor, microbial activities is weak, basic fertility is low in long-term compaction in the arable land short time after feasible the reclaiming.Demand urgently resuming production in disaster area, shake back, required if agricultural production can not be satisfied in the arable land after reclaiming, and certainly will influence the improvement of disaster area living standards of the people.Therefore, shake back house site recovers to be not only to increase quantity of cultivated land, the more important thing is by correlation technique and improve the house site soil physical properties rapidly, recover the soil basic fertility, improve soil microbial activities, thereby realize the ecological recovery of house site soil, be a collection of high-quality arable land of reclaiming, disaster area.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the reclaim defective of technology of existing house site, a kind of promptly ecological again fast the house site ecological recovery and the technology of reclaiming are provided.The technical problem that solves is farmland quality difference and the low phenomenon that is difficult to reach fast quick-recovery agricultural production needs of soil fertility after avoiding house site to reclaim.The present invention utilizes solid waste cleaning, hardened layer fragmentation and soil moved in to improve the original technology to realize the fast quick-recovery of soil plough horizon, simultaneously, at the low problem of back arable land productivity of reclaiming, utilize the soil organisms recovery technique of " green manure+vegetables " strip cropping, in the improvement of soil fertility process, reduce the chemical fertilizer input, improve soil physico-chemical property, improve soil microbial activities,, realize that the ecology of soil improves and increase newly the lifting of farmland economic benefit for plant growth provides favourable soil environment.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The method of damage house site quick ecological restoration after a kind of ground earthquake calamity, the mode of employing engineering measure and biological control measure combination.
As preferably: described ecological recovery method comprises the steps:
The cleaning of A, solid waste: utilize dynamic power machine remove collapsed house, remove the house residual waste construction material, unavailable slag of building is taked to dig pit landfill nearby;
B, hardened layer fragmentation: after the slag cleaning is built on the surface, remove body of wall basis and road basis and hardened layer surface, dig out house foundation;
C, soil moved in to improve the original recover topsoil: soil horizon thickness needs soil moved in to improve the original less than the place of 40cm;
The soil organisms that D, green manure plant combine with vegetables is repaired.
As further preferred: the landfill degree of depth of described A step is greater than 1.5m.
As further preferred: thickness of earth covering is not less than 0.5m in the described C step, and the soil moved in to improve the original distance is no more than 20km; After soil moved in to improve the original covers, will show the soil leveling, and divide the railway carriage or compartment ditching, whole railway carriage or compartment width 2m excavates the cross ditch between irrigation and drainage ditch and Tanaka around the ditch depth 20～30cm, field piece, and depth ratio railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 10cm digs out the earth that comes and renders in the middle of the furrow.
As further preferred: green manure plant described in the D step is a leguminous plant, and described vegetables are wild cabbage.
As further preferred: described leguminous plant is one or more in clover, alfalfa, the pale reddish brown sweet potato of light leaf.
As further preferred: in the D step,
Carry out earlier before the sowing basking seeds in 2～3 days, broadcast the back and cover fine earth 1～2cm; Clover, alfalfa or the pale reddish brown sweet potato of light leaf are in the mid or late March sowing or the sowing of mid or late August in the fall in spring, every mu of sowing quantity is 0.5～0.75kg when broadcasting clover, every mu of sowing quantity is 1～1.5kg when broadcasting alfalfa, every mu of sowing quantity is 1.5～2kg when broadcasting the pale reddish brown sweet potato of light leaf, carry out bar ditch formula with the 30cm line-spacing and broadcast sowing in whole good railway carriage or compartment, turn over after broadcasting and embed soil;
Phase in seedling stage uses 3～5kg/ mu urea and topdresses, and harvesting back is in conjunction with ploughing, and every mu imposes diammonium phosphate 20kg or appropriate supplement is executed other phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer;
Green manure plant and wild cabbage adopt the mode of strip cropping, and every railway carriage or compartment 2m divides wide, arrowband plantation, and wide bandwidth is 130cm, the green manuring plant; Narrow bandwidth is 70cm, plantation 2 row wild cabbages;
Annual green manure plant-cutting 2～3 times cradled for the last time earlier than late October, and toothing is not less than 5cm when cradling;
Green manure turns over presses quantity to be controlled at every mu of 1500～2000kg, turns over and presses the degree of depth to be generally 15～20cm.
As further preferred: the mid or late August sowing in the fall of green manure plant.
Specific practice and principle are:
1. solid waste cleaning: utilizing dynamic power machine, be the basis as excavator, remove collapsed house, dismounting house residual waste construction material, comprise brick and tile stone, concrete block, waste and old timber, plastering material etc.Waste residue will be classified in the reset procedure, classify and pile up generally is divided into direct recovery, utilizes once more, can not utilizes and hazardous waste.To building slag and will reclaiming of recovery value arranged as far as possible; The slag of building that can utilize is once more accomplished to make the best use of everything; Unavailable slag of building is taked to dig pit landfill nearby, and the landfill degree of depth is greater than 1.5m, guarantee landfill build slag and do not influence after farming and pollute topsoil; To concentrate special disposal to hazardous waste.
2. hardened layer fragmentation: after the slag cleaning is built on the surface, also need remove body of wall basis and road (or shining the dam) basis and hardened layer surface, dig out house foundation, as mixing earth, fragment of brick, stone etc., can continue the user and continue to use for the peasant, the raised path through fields that can not the user is used to reclaim is built, thereby reduces the use cost of house site in recovering, than syphon gravel tile fragment, landfill carries out as stated above in the removing house site house.
3. soil moved in to improve the original recovers topsoil: the soil moved in to improve the original technology is exactly that the soil that other are local is transported to the soil melioration destination, to play the technology of the effect of improving the soil.Soil horizon thickness needs soil moved in to improve the original less than the place of 40cm, and thickness of earth covering is not less than 0.5m.Should there be clear and definite soil moved in to improve the original source in the zone of reclaiming that needs soil moved in to improve the original, and the soil moved in to improve the original quality satisfies the basic tillage requirement, and the soil moved in to improve the original distance preferably is no more than 20km.After soil moved in to improve the original covers, will show the soil leveling to satisfy production requirement.Require meticulously, no-sundries reaches defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, Horizon, the broken sowing requirement of soil wholely.On the basis of leveling land, set up the field irrigation and drainage system, will accomplish that generally water can arrange for a long time, can irritate during arid.Divide the railway carriage or compartment ditching, whole railway carriage or compartment width 2m, ditch depth 20～30cm.Excavate the cross ditch between irrigation and drainage ditch and Tanaka around the piece of field, depth ratio railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 10cm.Dig out the earth that comes and be not deposited on the bank, should render in the middle of the furrow, make the furrow face like crucian back of the body shape, in order to avoid ponding.
4. the soil organisms of " green manure plant+vegetables " strip cropping is repaired: according to conditions such as the on-the-spot landform of earthquake region house site recovery, weather, the hydrology, filter out the green manure material that leguminous green manure plants such as clover, alfalfa, the pale reddish brown sweet potato of light leaf are repaired as soil organisms.Above-mentioned green manure plant can not only provide a large amount of organic substances for soil, makes soil form stable granule, improves soil physical and chemical property, and fixedly the nitrogen in the atmosphere is increase soil fertility.Simultaneously, they also have important feeding value, and can recover aquaculture for the disaster area provides important material.In addition, vegetables such as strip cropping wild cabbage when green manuring guarantee that the disaster area peasant can obtain the short-term considerable economic on the basis of fertilizing soil fast, and promoted multi-storied agriculture after calamity, to produce the realization in recovering, effectively improved the ecological benefits of field ecosystem.
Implement the principle that above-mentioned soil organisms is repaired:
(1) sowing rationally.Carry out earlier before the sowing basking seeds in 2～3 days, with carbendazim seed dressing carrying out disease control, sowing when earth is moistening before and after selecting to rain is broadcast the back and is covered fine earth 1～2cm.Clover, alfalfa, the pale reddish brown sweet potato spring and autumn of light leaf all can be sowed, and spring, sowing was carried out at mid or late March, and planted in fall carried out in mid or late August.Because autumn, soil moisture content was good, a little less than the weed growth, helped green manure and grew into the level ground, selected to sow this period best results.Every mu of sowing quantity of clover is 0.5～0.75kg, and every mu of sowing quantity of alfalfa is 1～1.5kg, and every mu of sowing quantity of the pale reddish brown sweet potato of light leaf is 1.5～2kg.Carry out bar ditch formula with the 30cm line-spacing and broadcast sowing in whole good railway carriage or compartment, turn over after broadcasting and embed soil, do not expose with seed and be advisable.
(2) suitable rich water quality management.Though above-mentioned three kinds of leguminous green manure root systems have nitrogen fixing capacity, but seedling stage, rhizobium did not generate as yet, take the circumstances into consideration to use 3～5kg/ mu urea and topdress because of looking the seedling growing way to reach the effect of " little fertilizer is brought fertilizer up ", plant needn't applying fertilizer after entering the growth animated period, the a large amount of phosphorus potassium element in harvesting back is taken away by the plant cauline leaf, can be in conjunction with ploughing, every mu imposes diammonium phosphate 20kg or appropriate supplement is executed other phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer, and effect of increasing production is quite obvious.Note keeping ground moistening seedling stage, need suitably pour water as prolonged drought behind the Cheng Ping.
(3) " green manure+wild cabbage " strip cropping.Green manure and wild cabbage are interplanted intercropping, and every railway carriage or compartment 2m divides wide, arrowband plantation.Broadband 130cm, green manuring; Arrowband 70cm, plantation 2 row wild cabbages.Wild cabbage is in the late September seeding and seedling raising, field planting by the end of October, the listing of gathering in 2～March of next year.
(4) cradle.Can cradle every year 2～3 times, cradle for the last time earlier than late October, be unfavorable for safe overwintering, toothing is not less than 5cm when cradling.
(5) turn over pressure.Green manure turns over that to press quantity to be controlled at about every mu of 1500～2000kg comparatively reasonable.Turn over and press the degree of depth to be generally 15～20cm, should in time pour water after turning over pressure, decompose and rot, improve the conversion ratio of green manure to quicken it.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Revert in the process of arable land at house site engineering, soil moved in to improve the original technology and soil ecology recovering technology are organically combined, realize the fast quick-recovery of topsoil, soil quality is improved rapidly, takes into account ecological benefits and economic benefit in the recovery process.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment be said method behind the special violent earthquake of " 5.12 " Wenchuan, Pengzhou City Xin Huang village damage house site quick ecological restoration and reclaim in test, its concrete practice is:
Adopt the large excavator tool that damage house site surface solid waste and hardened layer are cleared up in by the end of August, (1) 2008, amount to 7.5 mu of arrangement damage house sites;
(2) then soil horizon thickness is implemented the soil moved in to improve the original reparation less than the zone of 40cm, thickness of earth covering is 50cm.After soil moved in to improve the original covers, level land, divide the railway carriage or compartment ditching.Whole railway carriage or compartment width 2m, ditch depth 20cm.Divide wide, whole railway carriage or compartment, arrowband, wide bandwidth is 130cm, and narrow bandwidth is 70cm.Around the piece of field, excavate irrigation and drainage ditch, depth ratio railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 10cm simultaneously;
(3) September 10 with the green manure plant seeding in the broadband.Clover, alfalfa and the pale reddish brown sweet potato of light leaf are sowed 2.5 mu respectively, and wherein every mu of sowing quantity of clover is 0.5kg, and every mu of sowing quantity of alfalfa is 1kg, and every mu of sowing quantity of the pale reddish brown sweet potato of light leaf is 1.5kg;
(4) be colonizated in the wild cabbage seeding and seedling raising in the arrowband by the end of October September 25;
(5) adopt the pale reddish brown sweet potato of light leaf as the green manure plant, gathering soil sample in after planting 4 months at the pale reddish brown sweet potato of green manure plant light leaf analyzes, recording each main physical and chemical of soil all obviously improves than the house site that the does not carry out ecological recovery soil of reclaiming, referring to table 1, simultaneously, wild cabbage output 960kg/ mu, the output value reaches 700 yuan/mu.
House site is reclaimed before and after table 1 ecological recovery, and (0～20cm) physicochemical property changes soil
| Handle | Unit weight (g/cm 3) | Total porosity (%) | Organic (g/kg) | Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (g/kg) | Rapid available phosphorus (mg/kg) | Available potassium (mg/kg) |
| Soil after the green manure reparation | ??1.201 | ??54.67 | ??65.07 | ??108.54 | ??47.86 | ??243.85 |
| No green manure reparation contrast | ??1.760 | ??33.59 | ??38.21 | ??56.99 | ??30.46 | ??135.82 |
Claims (8)
1. the method for damage house site quick ecological restoration after the ground earthquake calamity is characterized in that: the mode that adopts engineering measure and biological control measure combination.
2. the method for damage house site quick ecological restoration after a kind of ground according to claim 1 earthquake calamity, it is characterized in that: described ecological recovery method comprises the steps:
The cleaning of A, solid waste: utilize dynamic power machine remove collapsed house, remove the house residual waste construction material, unavailable slag of building is taked to dig pit landfill nearby;
B, hardened layer fragmentation: after the slag cleaning is built on the surface, remove body of wall basis and road basis and hardened layer surface, dig out house foundation;
C, soil moved in to improve the original recover topsoil: soil horizon thickness needs soil moved in to improve the original less than the place of 40cm;
The soil organisms that D, green manure plant combine with vegetables is repaired.
3. the method for damage house site quick ecological restoration after a kind of ground according to claim 2 earthquake calamity, it is characterized in that: the landfill degree of depth of described A step is greater than 1.5m.
4. the method for damage house site quick ecological restoration after a kind of ground according to claim 2 earthquake calamity, it is characterized in that: thickness of earth covering is not less than 0.5m in the described C step, and the soil moved in to improve the original distance is no more than 20km; After soil moved in to improve the original covers, will show the soil leveling, and divide the railway carriage or compartment ditching, whole railway carriage or compartment width 2m excavates the cross ditch between irrigation and drainage ditch and Tanaka around the ditch depth 20～30cm, field piece, and depth ratio railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 10cm digs out the earth that comes and renders in the middle of the furrow.
5. the method for damage house site quick ecological restoration after a kind of ground according to claim 2 earthquake calamity, it is characterized in that: green manure plant described in the D step is a leguminous plant, described vegetables are wild cabbage.
6. the method for damage house site quick ecological restoration after a kind of ground according to claim 5 earthquake calamity, it is characterized in that: described leguminous plant is one or more in clover, alfalfa, the pale reddish brown sweet potato of light leaf.
7. the method for damage house site quick ecological restoration after a kind of ground according to claim 6 earthquake calamity is characterized in that: in the D step,
Carry out earlier before the sowing basking seeds in 2～3 days, broadcast the back and cover fine earth 1～2cm; Clover, alfalfa or the pale reddish brown sweet potato of light leaf are in the mid or late March sowing or the sowing of mid or late August in the fall in spring, every mu of sowing quantity is 0.5～0.75kg when broadcasting clover, every mu of sowing quantity is 1～1.5kg when broadcasting alfalfa, every mu of sowing quantity is 1.5～2kg when broadcasting the pale reddish brown sweet potato of light leaf, carry out bar ditch formula with the 30cm line-spacing and broadcast sowing in whole good railway carriage or compartment, turn over after broadcasting and embed soil;
Phase in seedling stage uses 3～5kg/ mu urea and topdresses, and harvesting back is in conjunction with ploughing, and every mu imposes diammonium phosphate 20kg or appropriate supplement is executed other phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer;
Green manure plant and wild cabbage adopt the mode of strip cropping, and every railway carriage or compartment 2m divides wide, arrowband plantation, and wide bandwidth is 130cm, the green manuring plant; Narrow bandwidth is 70cm, plantation 2 row wild cabbages;
Annual green manure plant-cutting 2～3 times cradled for the last time earlier than late October, and toothing is not less than 5cm when cradling;
The green manure plant turns over presses quantity to be controlled at every mu of 1500～2000kg, turns over and presses the degree of depth to be generally 15～20cm.
8. the method for damage house site quick ecological restoration after a kind of ground according to claim 7 earthquake calamity is characterized in that: the mid or late August sowing in the fall of green manure plant.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101953245A (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2011-01-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Reclamation method of subsided farm land after earthquake disaster |
| CN102907197A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-02-06 | 东北师范大学 | Recovery method for subalpine forest meadow soil under Changbai Mountain birch forests |
| CN103004319A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-04-03 | 上海老港固废综合开发有限公司 | Soil improving method for improvement of subway shield soil and dredged soil and greening of landfill yards |
| CN103210714A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-07-24 | 贵州大学 | Thin layer coating covering ecological restoration method for acidic coal gangue storage yard |
| CN104521363A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-22 | 天津农学院 | Reclamation method for rural residence lands on coastal saline land region |
| CN104737662A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-07-01 | 太仓市农业技术推广中心 | High-efficiency homestead reclamation method |
| CN105493676A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-04-20 | 云南农业大学 | Mountainous area waste residential land reclamation method |
| CN105493679A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-20 | 天津百利种苗培育有限公司 | Method for improving soil fertility |
| CN109964579A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-05 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of reclamation method for house site of reclaiming |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101953245A (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2011-01-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Reclamation method of subsided farm land after earthquake disaster |
| CN103210714A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-07-24 | 贵州大学 | Thin layer coating covering ecological restoration method for acidic coal gangue storage yard |
| CN103210714B (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2016-01-06 | 贵州大学 | A kind of acidic coal gangue storage yard film coatings that is used for covers ecological restoring method |
| CN102907197A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-02-06 | 东北师范大学 | Recovery method for subalpine forest meadow soil under Changbai Mountain birch forests |
| CN103004319A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-04-03 | 上海老港固废综合开发有限公司 | Soil improving method for improvement of subway shield soil and dredged soil and greening of landfill yards |
| CN104521363A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-22 | 天津农学院 | Reclamation method for rural residence lands on coastal saline land region |
| CN104737662A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-07-01 | 太仓市农业技术推广中心 | High-efficiency homestead reclamation method |
| CN105493679A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-20 | 天津百利种苗培育有限公司 | Method for improving soil fertility |
| CN105493676A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-04-20 | 云南农业大学 | Mountainous area waste residential land reclamation method |
| CN109964579A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-05 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of reclamation method for house site of reclaiming |
| CN110463394A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-11-19 | 上海艾妮维农产品专业合作社 | A kind of secondary salinization soil modification method of protecting field Sod culture |
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