CN101734795A

CN101734795A - Bioavailability production method by using eutrophic sewage and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN101734795A
Application number: CN200810152816A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢坤
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-11-05
Filing date: 2008-11-05
Publication date: 2010-06-16

Abstract

The invention discloses a bioavailability production method by using eutrophic sewage and application thereof. The main characteristics lie in that planktonic animals in eutrophic sewage in riverways, sewage treatment works, reservoirs and pools in urban and rural areas are collected or cultured, wherein the planktonic animals mean protozoa, rotifera, copepods and cladocera; and the planktonic animals are used for extracting pigments and unsaturated fatty acid, and the residual animal bodies after extraction is used for processing coarse protein powder.

Description

A kind of biological utilisation production method and application that utilizes eutrophication sewage

Technical field:

The ecologic effect that water pollutes is a biological effect after all.Relative Static Water physique magnitude relations such as the water channel in the variation of community of aquatic organism constitutional features and city, rural area, reservoir, puddle are close.Therefore, the ecologic effect of water pollution, self-purification and biological assessment more and more cause people's extensive concern.The fresh water zooplankton is made up of protozoon, wheel animalcule, cladocera, copepods four big monoids, and they are food with organic particulate matter, bacterium and algae mainly, are important steps in the food chain of natural waters.Wherein many kinds are relatively more responsive to environmental change, and some kind itself can accumulate and a certain amount of pollutent of metabolism, plays a significant role in the self purification of water body process.Therefore, use the variation monitoring of zooplankton structure of community feature and estimate water pollution degree and self-purification, domestic and international application is comparatively extensive at present.So the planktonic comprehensive utilization of large-area applications is the development trend that is bound to because water body eutrophication degree is on the rise.

Background technology:

Breed of zooplankton and net drag for all fairly simple, because spring and summer, zooplankton generally only can be seen female body, and battalion's monogenesis, the ovum that is produced claims " summer egg ", and is less, and chorion is thin, and yolk is few, need not be fertilized, but direct development is adult.Mostly these adults are female worm, carry out parthenogenesis again.Therefore, can breed in a large number at short notice, be a slice redness, so claim red worm.Hatch a part of body little male worm by summer egg autumn, begins to carry out gamogenesis, and the ovum that is produced claims " winter egg ", and winter egg is big than summer egg, and chorion is thicker, and yolk is many.The winter egg of fertilization claims again " winter egg ", tides over severe cold or dry environment, grows to be new female body when next year, spring temperature was higher.Remove minority and live in the seawater, mostly be modal zooplankton in the various freshwaters.So pounce in the winter time and drag for winter egg and hatch, put in a suitable place to breed then and get final product.Culture simple relatively.But people do not have to note to nutrition and the utility value of zooplankton always.For people do not waste resource, reach the injury of making the best use of everything, reducing environment, the comprehensive action spy who gives full play to biotechnology has carried out this invention; This invention from breed, extraction and the processing of zooplankton, find out zooplankton not only purifying water body also can be people's the bigger effect of health contribution, eutrophication water also is a kind of effective resource, brings useful reference for sewage processing enterprise reduces cost simultaneously.

Summary of the invention: the present invention is that the bionic complex art of utilization is cultured zooplankton (comprising fresh water, seawater) or net extracts, reprocesses after dragging for (drag and get with No. 25 nets that swim (64 microns))

The eutrophication fish-farming with sewage that the present invention relates to described in a kind of claim 1, the present invention is the river course that utilizes city, rural area, reservoir, settling tank etc. are static relatively or collect zooplankton, by using net to drag for or whizzer separates and obtains polypide, extracts pigment and lipid acid, crude protein through operations such as pulverizing in polypide liquid, produce oil soluble unsaturated fatty acids and pigment and water-soluble products thereof, crude protein feed at last respectively.

The present invention relates to described in a kind of claim 2, zooplankton refers to protozoon, wheel animalcule, scratches zooplanktons such as sufficient class, cladocera, they live in the sewage of static relatively eutrophication such as city, rural area, with the little algae in the eutrophication sewage, particulate matter etc. is food, can reach the effect of purifying water body; Can be that employing is propagated artificially, net drags in recovery process, also can be to adopt whizzer to separate to obtain polypide, contains carotenoid, protoheme, unsaturated fatty acids, crude protein etc. in the polypide of extraction.The technology of use of the present invention is a whole set of biological cultivation and processing extraction technique.

The present invention relates to described in a kind of claim 3, production method of the present invention and application is characterized in that this method finishes according to the following steps:

A: collection of zooplankton and breed

---culture or collect: in the autumn and winter sky zooplankton ovum is collected, hatched, put in a suitable place to breed then; Perhaps carrying out net in static relatively eutrophic water such as city river drags for.

B: the processing of zooplankton

---pulverize: the reactor of zooplankton being put into colloidal mill or the sound wave shredding unit being housed is pulverized.

---extract; With pulverized or pack into and be placed with the reactor of solvent (solvent can be alcohols, ester class but must be a kind of organic solvent) for pulverizing the dry zooplankton that crosses, or the extractor of CO 2 supercritical equipment; Extract.Behind the carbon dioxide extraction of 50 degree, 6 hours extraction or 11Mp and solvent distillation, just can obtain lipid acid paste product more than pigment and 90% through solvent.

C: the preparation of dry microcapsule formulation

---weighing: carotenoid that will prepare or unsaturated fatty acids carry out weighing according to weight ratio, and two kinds or two or more emulsifying agent are put into oil and water item respectively after the weighing;

---mix:

The load weighted carotenoid or the unsaturated fatty acids that can prepare dry powder is heated to evenly, reaches design temperature; Mix with the water item.

D: the C solution after the dry mixed

---drying: the mixed solution C for preparing is mixed, adopt spray-drying process, inlet temperature be 140 ℃ to 180 ℃, temperature of outgoing air be 50 ℃ to 80 ℃, make dry powder; Perhaps fluidised bed drying obtains dry powder.

---finished product: generate contain n% microcapsule dry powder (n is carotenoid or unsaturated fatty acids).

E: carotenoid microcapsule dry powder that drying is good and dry good unsaturated fatty acids dry powder, divide other to pack, send into fluidized-bed and carry out drying and also pack and get final product extracting crude protein after the residue.

Use:

Embodiment 1: culture water flea and set about: make small-sized silk stocking bag, can directly use upright village tea bag from the side's of throwing yeast method.During nursing yeast or yeast juice elder generation input wherein being infiltrated in the cylinder again, is the eutrophication sewage in river course in the aquarium.I individual has also studied a kind of more efficiently way, and need not so bother, because with also growing filament certainly near the filtering way silk stocking bag.My method is to use sponge kind can play adsorbing material, because the adsorption of sponge allows the minimise friction of liquid and casing wall, thereby electrostatic takes place to subtract greatly, and the security system number is high.I am (a bit cotton as poroid biochemistry with the little sponge in the sort of hole, but the hole is much smaller, and biochemical cotton is not suitable for), fully adsorbed yeast juice, again the sponge of having inhaled yeast juice is rendered to the water flea cylinder, after this, the settling in the cylinder subtracts greatly, and water quality has been got well, food is also sufficient, because under the situation that yeast is not enough in the water, can overflow from sponge, and water flea also looks the meeting dining room to sponge.Change and add water and once can become five or six days once from two days, it is over half to reduce workload.And the speed of detonation is more accelerated the development of the water flea growth light velocity.Water flea in the cylinder is picked up with net, put into the colloidal mill continuous pulverizing, squeeze into then in the reactor that methyl alcohol is housed, temperature of reaction kettle is risen to 55 ℃ ± 5 ℃ lixiviates, extraction time is 6 hours, then with extracting liquid filtering to still kettle, temperature is risen to 60 ℃ of distillations and reclaims solvent; Treat that the paste product that the thick grease of water content about 8% of receiving behind the solvent evaporate to dryness presents dark red promptly is, its composition is mainly: protoheme, unsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acid, with the solid that filters at vacuum drying chamber dried recovered solvent, send into fluidised bed drying moisture then, the solid of this part white colour is crude protein and Mierocrystalline cellulose.Paste is carried out the membrane filtration purifying haemachrome with chloroform or acetone solution, behind the protoheme dry solvent with purifying promptly be the protoheme crystal of content 〉=80% and be rich in DHA, unsaturated fatty acids.Drag with No. 25 nets that swim the sewage of static eutrophication relatively from city or rural area and to drag for, also can fish for water flea in a large number, perhaps the installation whizzer carries out a large amount of scales and gathers in the sluice of water channel.Extracting mode as mentioned above.

Embodiment 2: Cyclop is commonly called as the diving flea, and some places are named " the blue or green spring ", " tripod worm " etc. again, are the general names to copepods in the crustacean.Copepods nutritious, according to one's analysis, the content of its protein and fat, more taller than water flea.But the shortcoming of Cyclop is it, and to hide the ability committee of fish predations strong, can beat in the borderland in water, and change direction rapidly.It also is the same fishing for culturing same water flea, extracting mode, and what obtain after just extracting is natural carotene and natural astaxanthin, unsaturated fatty acids, crude protein and Mierocrystalline cellulose.The paste oil solution that extracts is extracted (11Mp) separating natural carotene and natural astaxanthin, other residuums such as unsaturated fatty acids and scheme 1 the same processing with chloroform dissolving carrying out membrane filtration refined natural carotenoid or with the CO 2 supercritical orientation.Natural carotene, the natural astaxanthin that extracts carries out carrying out spraying drying after the proportioning and makes dry powder.

Wheel animalcule also is that aforesaid method is extracted and processing, and cultural method also is the advanced row hatching of wheel worm's ovum to be expanded then support to the sewage of eutrophication, can also pounce in the river course and drag for acquisition.But the implementation case is only carried out the statement of two examples is not represented limitation of the present invention, because the nutritive ingredient of analysis of experiments proof zooplankton is consistent substantially, presenting the pigment that obtains after the red extraction in water body is protoheme, and the pigment that presents after the extraction of cyan is natural carotene and natural astaxanthin; Lipid mostly be unsaturated fatty acids, residuum mainly is crude protein and Mierocrystalline cellulose etc.

Case study on implementation is no longer explained, but does not represent limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. a biological utilisation production method and application that utilizes eutrophication sewage is characterized in that:

---utilize the sewage of eutrophication to culture as the nutrient solution of zooplankton or directly gather;

---in the sewage of eutrophication, adopt net to drag for or isolating method collection zooplankton;

---the course of processing is divided into pulverizes polypide, leaching process (protoheme, pigment and lipid acid), drying process readily oxidizable substance, residue crude protein polypides such as () spraying drying pigments;

---dry pigment and extract employing microcapsule or film processing, drying mode are: spraying drying and fluidised bed drying.

2. the method described in the claim 1, its feature:

---zooplankton refers to protozoon, wheel animalcule, scratches sufficient class, cladocera, throws in eutrophication sewage then and expands foster by directly gathering in eutrophication sewage or the zooplankton ovum being gathered to hatch in the winter time;

---it is food that zooplankton grows in the sewage of eutrophication in city, rural area with little algae etc., can play the effect of purifying water body;

---the collection of zooplankton can be that net drags for, also can be that whizzer separates;

---extract is protoheme, pigment, lipid acid, and residuum is crude protein, Mierocrystalline cellulose.

3. described in the claim 2: zooplankton is the sewage that derives from eutrophication, the zooplankton of obtaining is a heat-sensitive substance through extracting the material that obtains after (pulverize or do not pulverize), the material that extracts can be by the heating spray-drying process, inlet temperature be 140 spend to 180 the degree, temperature of outgoing air be 40 spend to 80 the degree, make the microcapsule dry powder that contains pigment or unsaturated fatty acids; The mode of extracting can be a solvent extraction method, also can be carbon dioxide supercritical extraction method; Product after the extraction is the paste product.

---finished product: generate the oil solution that contains n% microcapsule dry powder or n%;

---with said extracted liquid by proportioning, heat, heating, airtight mixing;

---the above-mentioned solution that mixes is adopted the dry dry powder that obtains of heating spray-drying process;

---residue polypide after the microcapsule dry powder for preparing and the dry good extraction is packed respectively;

---can be divided into net in the product technology of preparation and drag for or separate zooplankton; Pulverize or do not pulverize polypide and extract pigment and fatty acid material; Adopt the production technique processing extract of large-scale low-costs such as heating high temperature spray-drying method, pressure drying method, fluid-bed drying and extract residuum.

4. the pigment that extracts described in the claim 3 is mainly carotene and astaxanthin and protoheme, and ultra-violet analysis is 450nm, 480nm, 409nm---600nm; The fatty acid material that extracts is mainly unsaturated fatty acids.

5. described in the claim 4, extract is thermo-sensitivity oil solution and particle, need carry out antioxidation treatment, and the antioxidation treatment mode is that antioxidant adds spraying microcapsule drying or film is handled.