CN101725437A - 具有涡轮增压和低压排气再循环的内燃发动机 - Google Patents

具有涡轮增压和低压排气再循环的内燃发动机 Download PDF

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CN101725437A
CN101725437A CN200910168405A CN200910168405A CN101725437A CN 101725437 A CN101725437 A CN 101725437A CN 200910168405 A CN200910168405 A CN 200910168405A CN 200910168405 A CN200910168405 A CN 200910168405A CN 101725437 A CN101725437 A CN 101725437A
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particulate filter
explosive motor
exhaust gas
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C·维吉尔德
D·罗格
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/0065—Specific aspects of external EGR control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/35—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for cleaning or treating the recirculated gases, e.g. catalysts, condensate traps, particle filters or heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
    • F02B29/0418—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit the intake air cooler having a bypass or multiple flow paths within the heat exchanger to vary the effective heat transfer surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/25—Layout, e.g. schematics with coolers having bypasses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及内燃发动机(2)，其具有涡轮增压机(4)、置于内燃发动机排气管(20)内的第一颗粒过滤器(24)和包括第二颗粒过滤器(46)的低压排气再循环管(32)。其中，当所述排气再循环管(32)在排气管(20)的第一颗粒过滤器(24)的上游分岔，而所述第二颗粒过滤器(46)具有加热装置时，一个体积较小、快速反应的低压排气再循环就可以实现。此外，所述发明也涉及到相应的排气再循环方法。

Description

具有涡轮增压和低压排气再循环的内燃发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃发动机，其具有涡轮增压机、内燃发动机排气管内的第一颗粒过滤器以及包括第二颗粒过滤器的低压排气再循环通道。本发明还涉及在具有涡轮增压和低压排气再循环的内燃发动机上进行排气再循环的方法。
背景技术
具有涡轮增压机、内燃发动机排气管内的第一颗粒过滤器以及包括第二颗粒过滤器的低压排气再循环的内燃发动机以及在内燃发动机上进行排气再循环的方法已通过DE 102006038706A1为人所知。其中，为减少氮氧化物而再循环的排气在第一颗粒过滤器的下游和尾气处理器以及***的上游处从排气管中分流出来。所述位于低压排气再循环通道中的第二颗粒过滤器会被动地由高温排气加热到最高800摄氏度。
在高压排气再循环中，再循环排气在涡轮增压机的涡轮上游被分流，与高压排气再循环不同，在低压排气再循环中，再循环排气是在通过颗粒过滤器之后在涡轮增压机的涡轮下游被分流的。因此，与高压再循环相比，低负荷运行状态下的低压排气再循环存在以下不足：背压更高，进气通道内燃烧物质的比例形成期/组成平衡过程更长。
发明内容
作为本发明基础的目的是提供改良的低压排气再循环
该目的通过本发明所述的装置和方法得以解决。
当排气再循环管道在第一颗粒过滤器上游从排气管中分岔时，必须使更少的气流通过第一颗粒过滤器和/或催化氧化器，以降低排气背压。此外，能够显著减小排气再循环部件的体积。因而显著改善了排气再循环的响应速度。可加热的颗粒过滤器能将再循环排气中含有的不允许进入到涡轮增压机的压缩机的烟灰和燃油微粒燃烧掉，这样就使得颗粒过滤器不容易堵塞。此外，与普通的颗粒过滤器相比，这样一种可加热的颗粒过滤器具有明显更小的尺寸。
在燃烧烟灰和燃油微粒时，不将可加热的颗粒过滤器一直保持一个温度值，而只是在再生的意义上对其阶段性地加热，这是合理的。另外，合适的时间点是例如在涡轮增压机低速转动的运行状态，因而那些从过滤器上泄露的可能没有燃烧或者只是部分燃烧的烟灰和燃油微粒，就不会损坏涡轮增压机的压缩机。另外，在涡轮增压机低速运转时，通过过滤器的气体通量较小，因而所需投入的热功率也小。
本发明其他的优选方式可从各从属权利或者说明书中获知。
附图说明
下面借助于附图对本发明进行进一步的示例性解释。
本发明的附图为一个具有涡轮增压和低压排气再循环的内燃发动机的原理图。所述实施例虽只涉及柴油发动机，但是本发明同样也能应用于其他各种内燃发动机。
具体实施方式
用示意图描绘的多汽缸柴油发动机2具有进气通道4和排气通道6。所述排气通道6通过集气器8连通至排气管10，而排气管10则连通至涡轮增压机14的涡轮12上。所述涡轮12通过转轴16与涡轮增压机14的压缩机18接合。所述涡轮增压机14可以是具有固定几何形状的涡轮增压机(FGT)或者可变几何形状的涡轮增压机(VGT)。
在涡轮12的排气口连接有排气管20，其中顺次安装有柴油催化氧化器22、柴油颗粒过滤器24、用于调节排气背压的调节***以及***30，所述调节***包括一个节流阀26和一个在所述节流阀26旁路延伸的具有整合阀门的歧管28。
在涡轮12的下游及柴油催化氧化器22的上游，低压排气再循环管32与排气管20连接，所述低压排气再循环管32通过排气再循环阀门34连通至新鲜空气通道36，新鲜空气从空气过滤器38导入至所述涡轮增压机14的压缩机18内。
由压缩机18压缩的新鲜空气与再循环排气的混合物经空气进气管40到达进气冷却器和进气分配器的组合体42，混合气体在这里被冷却，然后分配到进气通道4中。所述进气冷却器和进气分配器42包括一个未显示在图中的歧管，根据需要，进气混合气体可被导入进气冷却器和进气分配器的组合体42或者导入位于进气冷却器和进气分配器42旁路的歧管。
另外，节气阀44可以位于进气管40内，以便在关闭柴油发动机2时关闭进气管40。
所述低压排气再循环管32包括可加热的颗粒过滤器46，再循环排气流经该颗粒过滤器。所述颗粒过滤器46包括电子加热器(例如以整合到过滤器阵列里由加热丝或灯丝组成的栅极47的形式)，通过所述电子加热器，再循环排气中烟灰和燃油微粒就可能被燃烧掉。
在颗粒过滤器46的下游和排气再循环阀门34的上游，所述低压排气再循环管32还可能包括一个热交换器48，其将含在排气中的热量导向任意的散热器，比如进气冷却器和进气冷却器的组合体42。所述热交换器48包括未在图中显示的歧管，视情况而定，进气混合气体可以被导入热交换器48，或者导入位于热交换器48旁路的歧管中。

Claims (13)

1.内燃发动机(2)，其具有涡轮增压机(4)、置于内燃发动机排气管(20)内的第一颗粒过滤器(24)和包括第二颗粒过滤器(46)的低压排气再循环管(32)，其特征在于，所述排气再循环管(32)在所述排气管(20)的所述第一颗粒过滤器(24)的上游分岔，而所述第二颗粒过滤器(46)具有加热装置(47)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃发动机(2)，其特征在于，所述第二颗粒过滤器(46)的所述加热装置(47)以如下方式构造，即，该装置能在所述第二颗粒过滤器内产生实质上高于800摄氏度的温度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的内燃发动机(2)，其特征在于，所述第二颗粒过滤器实质上小于所述第一颗粒过滤器。
4.根据前述任一权利要求所述的内燃发动机(2)，其特征在于，所述第二颗粒过滤器(46)的所述加热装置为电子加热器(47)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的内燃发动机(2)，其特征在于，所述第二颗粒过滤器(46)的所述电子加热器具有一个或多个由加热丝或灯丝组成的栅极。
6.根据前述任一权利要求所述的内燃发动机(2)，其特征在于，所述排气再循环管(32)在所述第二颗粒过滤器(46)的下游和涡轮增压机(14)的压缩机(18)的上游接入到新鲜空气管道(36)中。
7.根据前述任一权利要求所述的内燃发动机(2)，其特征在于，所述排气管(20)在所述排气再循环管(32)的歧管的下游以及所述第一颗粒过滤器(24)的上游或下游具有催化氧化器(22)。
8.根据前述任一权利要求所述的内燃发动机(2)，其特征在于，所述内燃发动机为柴油发动机。
9.在具有涡轮增压、低压排气再循环和置于排气管(20)内的第一颗粒过滤器(24)的内燃发动机中用于排气再循环的方法，且其中低压排气再循环管(32)包含第二颗粒过滤器(46)，其特征在于，再循环排气在所述第一颗粒过滤器(24)上游从所述排气管(20)中分岔，和在所述第二颗粒过滤器(46)内燃烧掉燃料包含在再循环排气中的烟灰和燃油微粒。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，包含在再循环排气中的烟灰和燃油微粒是通过所述第二颗粒过滤器(46)内由电子加热的加热丝或灯丝燃烧。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，被除去烟灰和燃油微粒的再循环排气在所述内燃发动机的涡轮增压机(14)的压缩机(18)上游被输入到所述内燃发动机的新鲜空气管道(36)中。
12.根据权利要求9至11之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述排气管(20)在所述排气再循环管(32)的歧管的下游以及所述第一颗粒过滤器(24)的上游或下游包括催化氧化器(22)。
13.根据权利要求9至12之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述内燃发动机为柴油发动机。
CN200910168405A 2008-10-22 2009-08-24 具有涡轮增压和低压排气再循环的内燃发动机 Pending CN101725437A (zh)

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CN110725759A (zh) * 2018-07-17 2020-01-24 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 废气再循环***及其操作方法
CN111237102A (zh) * 2020-02-19 2020-06-05 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 一种发动机***及控制方法

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