CN101721921B - Method for preparing porous metal film - Google Patents

Method for preparing porous metal film Download PDF

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CN101721921B
CN101721921B CN200910264172.9A CN200910264172A CN101721921B CN 101721921 B CN101721921 B CN 101721921B CN 200910264172 A CN200910264172 A CN 200910264172A CN 101721921 B CN101721921 B CN 101721921B
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coating
base material
metal
metal dust
metal film
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CN101721921A (en
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黄彦
俞健
魏磊
王洪志
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Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing Tech University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing a porous metal film. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, plugging surface holes of a porous metal base material by a filler; then, coating the surface holes by metal powder, and removing the filler and organic additives in the coating through heat treatment; and finally, sintering the metal powder coating at high temperature to prepare the metal film. The method can directly prepare the metal film on macroporous base materials without an intermediate layer so as to effectively avoid plugging the pores of the base material by the metal powder. The method has the advantages of simple production technology, uniform film and low mass transfer resistance.

Description

A kind of preparation method of porous metal film
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of porous metal film, namely by directly preparing metal film at the enterprising row metal powder coating of macropore metal base and sintering.
Background technology
Porous metals especially porous stainless steel are important filtering materials, but owing to mutual restriction between the performance parameters such as its filtering accuracy, mechanical strength and filtration resistance, the use of common porous metals filter material is very limited.For example, improving filtering accuracy then needs to reduce the aperture, but this will certainly increase resistance to mass tranfer; Reduce filter material thickness and can reduce resistance to mass tranfer, but can reduce mechanical strength.Effectively solution is the metal film that forms bore diameter gradient.Specifically, namely provide mechanical strength with wide-aperture porous metals as supporter, area load one deck micropore metal is controlled the aperture, has so not only guaranteed filtering accuracy and mechanical strength but also has reduced resistance to mass tranfer.Except as the filtering material, porous metal film can also be used as the carrier of various functional materials such as pottery, molecular sieve, biomaterial, polymer, metal.For example for the preparation of the composite palladium film [Yu Jian, Hu Xiaojuan, Huang Yan. the pottery on porous stainless steel surface is modified and the hydrogen permeating palladium membrane of institute's load. chemical progress .2008,20 (7-8): 1208-1215.].
Porous metal film is generally by metal dust coating preparation, and coating layer thickness is tens to the hundreds of micron.But directly when the macropore metal base carries out coating, metal dust can enter and stop up the duct of base material, so not only can increase resistance to mass tranfer but also can cause holiday, therefore, between rete and base material, also need one or more layers to have the transition zone in different apertures.Business-like porous stainless steel micro-filtration membrane often has this gradient aperture structure.On the one hand, increasing transition zone not only needs to increase coating operation, also needs corresponding increase sintering circuit, thereby has increased production cost; On the other hand, increase the increase that transition zone also means resistance to mass tranfer.Application number is that 200510033633.3 the disclosed a kind of metal film preparation method of Chinese patent is that metal dust with different-grain diameter is made into suspension and places mould, make the tubulose base substrate by centrifugal casting, with blank sintering, the particle diameter of metal dust reduces from outside to inside gradually along tube wall at last.This method has been avoided repeatedly the problem of coating and sintering, but during the disposable sintering of metallic particles that particle diameter is differed greatly, because the suitable sintering condition of metal dust depends on particle size separately, therefore attends to one thing and lose sight of another unavoidably when selecting sintering condition.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide in order to improve the problem that faces in the existing porous metal film production process a kind of preparation method of porous metal film; This technological operation is more simple, namely can directly need not transition zone in the macropore metal base flawless metal micro-filtration membrane of preparation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of preparation method of porous metal film, it is characterized in that earlier the filler shutoff of the surface holes of porous metal substrate, carry out the metal dust coating at substrate surface then, remove organic additive in filler and the coating by heat treatment, at last metal dust coating and base material are carried out sintering and namely get metal film.
The average pore size of described porous metal substrate surface holes is generally 10~500 μ m.Filler is that filler is fusible change into liquid organic matter or dissolved organic matter.The preferred fusible organic matter that changes into liquid state is solid paraffin or stearic acid; Preferred dissolved organic matter is preferably carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and organic matter quality concentration is 10~80% of its saturated solution.With the filler heat fused or use dissolution with solvents, make it infiltrate the porous substrate duct, treat condensation or drying after, filler solidifies and the surface holes of shutoff base material.Adopting fusiblely when changing into liquid organic matter shutoff surface holes, is will base material to immerse in the organic matter of fusing to take out condensation behind 1~10min; When adopting dissolved organic matter shutoff surface holes, be that base material is immersed 1~5min in the organic solution, take out drying, repeat this operation 2~10 times.If handle and directly carry out coating operation at the macropore metal base without filler, then the metal dust slurry can be inhaled under the effect of capillary force in the base material duct, causes the duct to stop up.The art of this patent not only can prevent this problem, but also help to improve the quality of metal dust coating, because base material becomes smooth, fine and close with surface after the filler preliminary treatment, in fact the coating operation of this moment is equivalent to eliminate the adverse effect that substrate surface hole and roughness are brought fine and close and coating is carried out on smooth surface.
Carry out before the metal dust coating, must adopt abrasive material that base material is polished, the substrate surface metal is exposed and directly contact with metal dust, abrasive material is preferably 400~1000 purpose sand paper.Coating is preferably stainless steel powder, nickel powder or silver powder with metal dust; Coating is generally 0.1~25 μ m with the metal dust granularity.The metal dust coating can adopt conventional dip coating, spread coating, spraying process, sedimentation etc., and coating layer thickness generally is preferably 20~200 μ m.After coating is finished; filler is removed by the mode of heat treatment (as thermal decomposition, volatilization or distillation) together with the organic additive in the metal dust coating; heat treatment process is carried out in air or protective atmosphere (preferably as N2, Ar or gaseous mixture); treatment temperature is 200~500 ℃; heating rate is 0.5~2 ℃/min, and temperature retention time is 0.5~5h.Heating rate in the heat treatment process should not be too fast, destroys the metal dust coating to prevent organic too quick decomposition or volatilization, also will avoid vibrating base material in heat treatment process, with protective finish and prevent that metal dust from falling into the matrix duct.Heat treatment is removed after filler and the various organic additive, generally adopts original position to carry out high temperature sintering, make the metal dust coating form metal film and with the base material strong bonded; Sintering process needs vacuum or protective atmosphere (as H 2, N 2, Ar or gaseous mixture), concrete sintering temperature depends on kind and the particle diameter of metal dust.
Beneficial effect:
Compare with the metal film of conventional gradient aperture structure, the technology of the present invention need not transition zone and can directly make metal film at the macropore substrate surface, and not only production technology is simple, and even film layer, resistance to mass tranfer are low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 porous stainless steel membrane surface SEM photo.
Fig. 2 porous stainless steel membrane section metallography microscope photo.
Specific embodiments
Embodiment 1
(1) base material is the porous stainless steel disk, diameter 3cm, thick 0.2cm, the average pore size 200 μ m of surface holes.Selected filler is solid paraffin.
(2) with 2min in the melted paraffin of 80 ℃ of porous stainless steel substrate immersions, take out cooling, with 400 order sand paperings, remove the unnecessary paraffin in surface.
(3) be that the SS-310L stainless steel powder of 3 μ m mixes with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution of 50ml 3% (mass percentage concentration) and strong agitation forms slip with the 10g average grain diameter, slip evenly is sprayed at substrate surface, dry naturally.
(4) base substrate speed with 1 ℃/min under argon gas atmosphere is heated to 400 ℃, insulation 1h is to remove various organic additives.Then under vacuum condition, be warming up to 1050 ℃ with the speed of 5 ℃/min, insulation 1.5h can make the porous stainless steel membrane.
(5) its surperficial SEM microphoto as shown in Figure 1, visible porous stainless steel membrane surfacing, even aperture distribution, defective are few; Its section metallography microscope photo as shown in Figure 2, the visible thick about 120 μ m of rete, film thickness distribution is even, does not see that powder of stainless steel stops up the base material duct.In bigger base material aperture, powder of stainless steel is the mode continuous film forming to build bridge successfully.The average pore size that adopts the bubble platen press to record stainless steel membrane is 0.2 μ m.
Embodiment 2
(1) selected base material is porous stainless steel, internal diameter 0.8cm, and external diameter 1.3cm, long 10cm, the average pore size of surface holes is 200 μ m.Filler is solid paraffin.
(2) with the step (2) of embodiment 1.
(3) be that particle diameter mixes with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution of 50ml 3% (mass percentage concentration) and strong agitation formation slip at the SS-316L stainless steel powder of 10~25 μ m with the 50g average grain diameter, slip is evenly brushed in substrate surface, dry naturally.
(4) base substrate speed with 1 ℃/min under air atmosphere is heated to 300 ℃, insulation 1h is to remove various organic additives.Then under vacuum condition, be warming up to 1200 ℃ with the speed of 5 ℃/min, insulation 1.5h can make the porous stainless steel membrane.
(5) the about 100 μ m of the thicknesses of layers of gained stainless steel membrane, it is 3.6 μ m that the bubble platen press records its average pore size.
Embodiment 3
(1) selected base material is the porous-metal nickel pipe, internal diameter 0.9cm, and external diameter 1.3cm, long 10cm, the average pore size of surface holes is 50 μ m.Filler is stearic acid.
(2) with 2min in the fusing stearic acid of 80 ℃ of nickel porous pipe immersions, take out cooling, with 1000 order sand paperings, remove the unnecessary stearic acid in surface.
(3) with step (3), (4) of embodiment 1.
(4) the about 50 μ m of the thicknesses of layers of gained stainless steel membrane, it is 0.4 μ m that the bubble platen press records its average pore size.
Embodiment 4
(1) with the step (1) of embodiment 2.
(2) with the step (2) of embodiment 1.
(3) with the step (3) of embodiment 1, be the metal nickel powder of 3 μ m but metal dust is average grain diameter.
(4) base substrate speed with 0.5 ℃/min under argon gas atmosphere is heated to 300 ℃, insulation 5h is to remove various organic additives.Then under vacuum condition, be warming up to 700 ℃ with the speed of 2 ℃/min, insulation 1.5h can make the nickel porous film.
(5) the about 20 μ m of the thicknesses of layers of gained metallic nickel film, it is 0.1 μ m that the bubble platen press records its average pore size.
Embodiment 5
(1) with step (1), (2) of embodiment 1.
(2) with the step (3) of embodiment 1, be the silver powder of 5 μ m but metal dust is average grain diameter.
(3) with the step (4) of embodiment 1.But last sintering temperature is 600 ℃.
(4) the about 50 μ m of the thicknesses of layers of gained metal silverskin, it is 0.2 μ m that the bubble platen press records its average pore size.
Embodiment 6
(1) with the step (1) of embodiment 1, but filler is polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
(2) the porous stainless steel substrate is immersed 2min in the ethanolic solution of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) of 3wt%,
Naturally dry, repeat this operation 3 times, adopt 1000 order sand paperings, remove the unnecessary polyvinyl butyral in surface.
(3) with step (3), (4) of embodiment 1.
(4) the about 100 μ m of the thicknesses of layers of gained stainless steel membrane, it is 0.5 μ m that the bubble platen press records its average pore size.

Claims (4)

1. the preparation method of a porous metal film, it is characterized in that being the surface holes organic filler shutoff of the porous metal substrate of 10 ~ 500 μ m with surperficial average pore size earlier, carry out the metal dust coating at substrate surface then, the particle diameter of metal dust is 0.1 ~ 25 μ m, remove organic filler by heat treatment, at last metal dust coating and base material are carried out sintering and namely get metal film; Wherein said organic filler is solid paraffin, stearic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl butyral; Described heat treated temperature is 200 ~ 500 ° of C, and heating rate is 0.5 ~ 2 ° of C/min, and temperature retention time is 0.5 ~ 5h; Heat treatment process is carried out in air or protective atmosphere.
2. according to the described preparation method of claim 1, when it is characterized in that adopting fusible organic thing shutoff surface holes, be that base material is immersed 1 ~ 10min in the organic matter that melts, take out condensation; When adopting dissolved organic matter shutoff surface holes, be that base material is immersed 1 ~ 5min in the organic solution, take out drying, repeat this operation 2 ~ 10 times.
3. according to the described preparation method of claim 1, before it is characterized in that carrying out the metal dust coating, adopt abrasive material that base material is polished, wherein abrasive material is 400 ~ 1000 order sand paper.
4. according to the described preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the coating metal dust is stainless steel powder, nickel powder or silver powder; Coating layer thickness is 20 ~ 200 μ m.
CN200910264172.9A 2009-12-30 2009-12-30 Method for preparing porous metal film Active CN101721921B (en)

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CN102389715B (en) * 2011-10-18 2014-06-11 南京工业大学 Method for preparing porous inorganic membrane by particle sintering technology assisted by carbon skeleton
CN103301871B (en) * 2012-03-15 2016-01-27 山西腾茂科技有限公司 A kind of catalytic cracking catalyst and preparation method thereof
CN103357876A (en) * 2013-07-29 2013-10-23 西北有色金属研究院 Preparation method for nano multihole copper film
CN105013332B (en) * 2014-04-16 2018-01-02 中国科学院化学研究所 Receive and flow diode film and preparation method and application
CN104550980B (en) * 2015-01-21 2016-10-26 南京工业大学 A kind of preparation method of high gradient porous metal film
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