CN101712804B - Plant fiber composition, composite material, and preparation method and applications thereof - Google Patents
Plant fiber composition, composite material, and preparation method and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101712804B CN101712804B CN200910226380XA CN200910226380A CN101712804B CN 101712804 B CN101712804 B CN 101712804B CN 200910226380X A CN200910226380X A CN 200910226380XA CN 200910226380 A CN200910226380 A CN 200910226380A CN 101712804 B CN101712804 B CN 101712804B
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Abstract
The invention provides a plant fiber composite material. The preparation method of the plant fiber composite material comprises the following steps: mixing 60-80 wt% of plant fiber raw material, 10-30 wt% of starch assistant and 10-20 wt% of biopolymer additive to form a mixture; and banburying the mixture under increased pressure at 90-120 DEG C, and extruding to make mixed granules, thereby obtaining the plant fiber composite material. The proportion of the mixture can be adjusted according to the requirements of the finished products. The composite material has the characteristics of low dampness capacity, high water resistance, high bearing capacity and the like. The composite material can be used instead of the traditional plastic material as packaging and plant rearing materials of food containers, electronic products, agricultural products and the like, or instead of wooden materials in the fields of architecture, decorations, furniture and the like. The composite material can be recycled and can not result in environmental pollution, thereby achieving the goal of environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nontoxic, harmless, high resource utilization, renewable resource material that pollutent output is few, relate in particular to a kind of made from composite material of plant fiber, it can be used for the various goods such as ejection formation, to replace the use of plastic material; The imitative wooden finished product that can be used for extrusion molding is to replace the use of wood materials.
Background technology
Be accompanied by the progress of society, the fast development of whole world industry and commerce, though can cause the use of the life goods of environmental pollution to promote human lives's convenience such as plastic material etc., but the consequent is the deterioration rapidly of environmental quality, causes the threat of human beings'health and life serious day by day.In addition, along with the minimizing day by day of environmental resources, International Crude Oil goes up, and the cost of plastic material improves thereupon.
On the other hand, paper products is very huge because of cultural industry and commercial package usage quantity, the huge speed of quantity of falling trees and being used for papermaking considerably beyond plant-growth, therefore the large-area forest in the face of land fades away, have a strong impact on the quantity of photosynthesis chemical recycling of carbon dioxide, cause Greenhouse effect serious day by day thus.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, be necessary to seek the matrix material that substitutes plastic material and paper wood, and such as food product containers, electronic product wrapping material, agricultural packing, plant in the fields such as planting the material of growing seedlings, building, decoration and furniture and still lack a kind of matrix material.Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of matrix material to replace plastic cement and stationery, it mainly has repeatedly recycling, water consumption is low in the manufacturing processed, hardly waste discharge, do not discharge the cloud of dust, and low temperature power saving timesaving advantage, it can be in order to reducing the consumption of plastic cement and paper products, thereby reach the purpose of environmental protection.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of constituent (formulation) that is used to make made from composite material of plant fiber, it comprises: in gross weight content is that 60 to 80% plant fiber material, content are that 10 to 30% starch based auxiliary and content are 10 to 20% biological polymer additive.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of manufacture method of made from composite material of plant fiber, and this method comprises:
Mixing is that 60 to 80% plant fiber material, content are that 10 to 30% starch based auxiliary and content are 10 to 20% biological polymer additive in gross weight content, to form mixture; And
Pressurization this mixture of banburying and give extruder grain is obtained composite grain, as made from composite material of plant fiber under 90 to 120 ℃ temperature.
Preferably, preceding method further comprises: after obtaining composite grain, composite grain is cooled to proper temperature, and with suitable sieve aperture screening, obtains made from composite material of plant fiber.According to the present invention, described proper temperature is 30 degrees centigrade.
Preferably, aforementionedly composite grain is cooled to proper temperature comprises in the wind mode and be cooled to 30 degrees centigrade.
According to the present invention, described suitable sieve aperture be screen size be 2 millimeters (mm) to 4mm, obtain the particle of 3mm size thus.
According to the present invention, described plant fiber material comprises any material with plant fiber component, preferably, this plant fiber material is selected from withered bar, bagasse, corn cob, Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L), cereal shell, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, leaf, the leaf of bamboo, wood chip, bamboo bits or its combination.
According to the present invention, described starch based auxiliary is selected from sweet potato flour, potato powder, W-Gum or its combination.
According to the present invention, described biological polymer additive comprises plant hormone, ferment, biological vinegar and lactate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described biological polymer additive is 10: 5: 2 by weight ratio: 3 plant hormone, ferment, biological vinegar and lactate are formed.
According to the present invention, described plant hormone also is a plant growth regulator.
According to the present invention, described biological vinegar is meant the fermenting mixture that is got by fermentation of biomaterials, and it is including but not limited to pulverize the fermenting mixture that makes after the high-temperature boiling fermentation of back with rice husk and paddy.
According to the present invention, described pressurization banburying is meant in an encloses container stirs action.According to the present invention, described extruder grain can use any method that is applicable to plastic granulator in the prior art.
According to the present invention, the described suitable sieve aperture of obtaining made from composite material of plant fiber in order to screening is 2 millimeters to 4 millimeters.Preferably, the particle diameter that has of this made from composite material of plant fiber is 3 millimeters.
The present invention also provides a kind of made from composite material of plant fiber, and it is obtained by aforementioned manufacture method.
Preferably, the fusing point that has of this made from composite material of plant fiber is between 80 to 95 ℃; It more preferably is about 85 ℃.
Preferably, the Shore hardness (Shore hardness) that has of this made from composite material of plant fiber is between 90 to 100HSD; More preferably be about 96HSD.
Preferably, the tensile strength (tensile strength) that has of this made from composite material of plant fiber is between double centner/square centimeter (kg/cm
2) and 200kg/cm
2Between; And more preferably be about 160kg/cm
2
Preferably, the elongation (elongation) that has of this made from composite material of plant fiber is between 600% and 900%; And more preferably be about 780%.
Preferably, the tearing strength (tear strength) that has of this made from composite material of plant fiber is between 35 kilograms of/square centimeter (kg/cm
2) and 50kg/cm
2Between; And more preferably be about 45kg/cm
2
Preferably, the frothing percentage (foaming rate) that has of this made from composite material of plant fiber is 2 to 5 times; And it more preferably is 3 times.
Preferably, the flexural strength (flexural strength) that has of this made from composite material of plant fiber is between 400 kilograms of/square centimeter (kg/cm
2) and 500kg/cm
2Between; And more preferably be about 438kg/cm
2
Preferably, the modulus in flexure (flexural modulus) that has of this made from composite material of plant fiber is between 32000 kilograms of/square centimeter (kg/cm
2) and 38000kg/cm
2Between; More preferably be about 35810kg/cm
2
Has the biological polymer additive in the constituent of the present invention, wherein biological vinegar has the characteristic that can make fiber softening, and plant hormone, biological vinegar can promote fiber to decompose, but make lactate combine activated fiber with ferment, be able to the micro-film that combination of plant comprises, increase the flexible effect thereby reach covered fiber.Constituent of the present invention need not additionally to add moisture, and it is rotten therefore can not ferment because of microbial contamination in mixing process, therefore uses the made finished product of constituent of the present invention to have comparatively competent advantage.
Method of the present invention is not added moisture thereby all be to use dry finished product in manufacturing processed because of extra, therefore not water, not effluent, not dust discharge cigarette, thus reach the effect of energy saving environmental protection.
Made from composite material of plant fiber of the present invention is the decomposable green material of a kind of biology based on above-mentioned characteristic, can make variant production according to tool change by extrusion molding.Show that through test it has and is subjected to that power from ocean tides is low, water resisting property is strong, negative G is high, can bears and transport the characteristic that process temperature changes, and does not have any heavy metal poison composition.Therefore it can replace traditional plastic material and use raw material as food product containers such as fresh pallets, and can be applicable to other such as electronic product wrapping material, agricultural packing, plant in the fields such as planting the material of growing seedlings, building, decoration and furniture.
Embodiment
Method of the present invention mainly be will have a plant fiber component various farm crop after edible part is taken remaining discarded part as main raw material.Wherein crop waste partly is divided into macrofiber class and staple fibre class two classes.Described macrofiber class is such as withered bar, bagasse, corn cob, Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L) etc., and it need be through pulverizing after cleaning, removal surface irregularities silt, drying, the coarse crushing; And the staple fibre class be such as paddy and wheat, jowar, etc. grain hulls, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and tree/leaf of bamboo, wood/bamboo bits etc., it can the directly pulverizing of dry back, thereby obtains fibrous material.Then, this fibrous material with after starch auxiliary and biological polymer additive mix mutually, is mixed banburying in the low temperature pressurization, and gives extruder grain, after cooling is with suitable sieve aperture screening, obtain made from composite material of plant fiber.
Below will further specify the present invention by embodiment, but should be understood that, these embodiment only are for illustrative purposes, and should not be considered to be limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment
1, the preparation of granular fibre composite
Made from composite material of plant fiber is to be divided into main raw material with the various farm crop remaining waste part after edible part is taken with plant fiber component, and gets according to method preparation as described below:
Take 70 kilograms of (kg) rice husk dryings, be crushed to 40 to 100 detailed catalogues, with the weight ratio that comprises of 10kg sweet potato flour and 20kg be 10: 5: 2: 3 plant hormone, ferment, the biological polymer additive of biological vinegar and lactate mixes, mix banburying and extruding (CLLDX-150L_Dispersion_Kneader) granulation 110 ℃ of pressurizations, through 30 degree left and right sides wind coolings, again with after the screening of 2mm-4mm sieve aperture, the particle of obtaining 3 millimeters (mm) is beneficial to vacuum packaging, and the flour grain that will be lower than 2mm reclaims to mix with banburying group again again and granulates, as can be made into the granular made from composite material of plant fiber of imitating Wood products.
Other takes 60 kilograms of (kg) rice husk dryings, be crushed to 100 to 200 detailed catalogues, with the weight ratio that comprises of 10kg sweet potato flour and 30kg be 10: 5: 2: 3 plant hormone, ferment, the biological polymer additive of biological vinegar and lactate mixes, mix banburying and extruding (CLLDX-150L_Dispersion_Kneader) granulation 110 ℃ of pressurizations, through 30 degree left and right sides temperature coolings, again with after the screening of 2mm-4mm sieve aperture, obtain the particle of 3 millimeters (mm), and the flour grain that will be lower than 2mm reclaims to mix with banburying group again and granulates, as can be made into the made from composite material of plant fiber of imitating molding product.
With above-mentioned granular made from composite material of plant fiber with and the sheet made from composite material of plant fiber further made, make product with ejection formation and plastic uptake legal system respectively according to the plastic cement products manufacture method of prior art, and carry out the following properties analysis.
2, the specificity analysis of made from composite material of plant fiber
The granular made from composite material of plant fiber of gained is carried out Physical Property Analysis (ASTM D2240, ASTM D1623, USIFE and ASTM D790), and the result is as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1 penetrates level made from composite material of plant fiber rerum natura
| Project | Test method | Numerical value |
| Hardness (HSD) | ASTM?D2240 | 96±2 |
| Tensile strength (kg/cm 2) | ASTM?D1623 | 160±2 |
| Elongation (%) | ASTM?D1623 | 780±10 |
| Tearing strength (kg/cm 2) | ASTM?D1623 | 45±1 |
| Frothing percentage (doubly) | USIFE | 3 |
| Flexural strength (kg/cm 2) | ASTM?D790 | 438±5 |
| Modulus in flexure (kg/cm 2) | ASTM?D790 | 35810±60 |
(1) product that will further be made by the granular made from composite material of plant fiber of gained is delivered the material of Taiwan Test Technology Co., Ltd. (SGS Taiwan Ltd.) (Kaohsiung, Taiwan) and engineering experiment chamber and chemical laboratory and is carried out dip test, 10% bear a heavy burden test (ASTM695), material analysis and fusing point test (differential scanning calorimetry method).
Dip test:
Testing installation is program-controlled formula constant temperature and humidity machine (HRM-80, a safe fine jade), 23 ± 2 ℃ of envrionment temperatures, under relative humidity 50 ± 5%RH, sample be impregnated in 100 ℃ water, after 24 hours, observes outward appearance.
Dip test result shows that after 24 hours, external form only surface produces a little floating prominent shape with the boiling water digestion, is subjected to that power from ocean tides is low, water resisting property is strong.
10% bears a heavy burden tests (ASTM695):
Testing installation is a universal testing machine (5569, Ying Shite), 23 ± 2 ℃ of envrionment temperatures, carry out under relative humidity 50 ± 5%RH, test method is ASTM D695-02a Standard TestMethod for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics, and test conditions is 1.3 mm/min (mm/min).Test-results, triple duplicate sample product mean values are 59.6kgf/cm
2
10% heavy burden test-results shows that after dip test, under the situation of loss 10%, bearing capacity is good, and negative G still can maintain 59kgf/cm
2, this characteristic is better than the timber material.
Melting point test:
Make the sample that thickness is 1mm and 2mm with aforesaid method, with differential scanning analyser (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) (TA Q10) for testing installation carries out melting point test, and wherein the temperature scanning scope is that 10 ℃/minute temperature rise rate is scanned up to 350 ℃ from 30 ℃.The result shows that thickness is that the fusing point of the sample of 1mm is 85.88 ℃, and thickness be the fusing point of the sample of 2mm is 85.62 ℃.
Material analysis:
Material analysis is to detect with Fu Liye conversion infrared spectrum analysis instrument (FTIR) (model Varian3100), the spectrum colour system that the edition with parallel text material is produced under this instrumental analysis shows, the material of judging this material is similar to tool lactic acid glycolic acid (PLA), is non-ly made by PLA fully.Therefore show by the material analysis result, though the main moiety of granular made from composite material of plant fiber is a vegetable fibre, the granular made from composite material of plant fiber that detects gained after mixing the banburying granulation with existing analyser records the have poly(lactic acid)-glycolic acid composition of [poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLGA].
(2) product that will further be made by the sheet made from composite material of plant fiber of aforementioned gained is delivered Taiwan Test Technology Co., Ltd. (SGS Taiwan Ltd.) (Kaohsiung, Taiwan) material and engineering experiment chamber and chemical laboratory carry out the test of heavy metal material content, water resistant test, the moisture content test (ASTM D570), softening temperature test tests such as (CNS 4393), and its test result is as follows:
Heavy metal material content test-results shows, does not detect any as arsenic, barium, chromium, selenium, antimony, cadmium, mercury and plumbous heavy metal poison composition.
Water resistant test is that the water with 50mL places sample test piece concavity place, checks that after 24 hours the sample test piece has ne-leakage.The water resistant test result shows, the ne-leakage phenomenon.Moisture content test result shows that water-intake rate is 7.42%.
Water-fast, moisture content test result confirms, the plastic uptake product of sheet made from composite material of plant fiber do not make moist, make the sheet made from composite material of plant fiber, be made as the still effect of the water-fast protection against the tide of tool of plastic uptake product again from granular made from composite material of plant fiber, can be used in fresh pallet and replace the foamed plastic product.
Softening temperature result demonstration makes the sample that thickness is 1mm and 2mm with aforesaid method, test method with CNS 4393 (1978) detects, the result shows that thickness is that the softening temperature of the sample of 1mm is 62.0 ℃, and thickness be the softening temperature of the sample of 2mm is 64.7 ℃.
The softening temperature test confirms that through airtight high temperature test result, the plastic uptake product begin to produce ruckbildung at 62 ℃, transport in the process in shipping, still can bear its inner high temperature that produces.
3, the application of made from composite material of plant fiber
Use mould and machinery and with the master batch of aforementioned granular made from composite material of plant fiber as ejection formation, make basin, plant products such as planting the material of growing seedlings, rope skipping handle, electronic product material, pallet plate, perhaps that extrusion molding is obtained sheet made from composite material of plant fiber makes fresh pallet, 3C packing timber via the plastic uptake method.Because they are made by made from composite material of plant fiber according to the present invention, thereby also have and be subjected to that power from ocean tides is low, water resisting property is strong, negative G is high, can bear and transport the characteristic that process temperature changes, and any heavy metal poison composition of tool not, the energy recycling, and method water consumption of the present invention is low, almost can be without waste discharge, do not discharge the cloud of dust, and the low temperature power saving saves time, thereby can reach the purpose of environmental protection and energy saving.
Claims (27)
1. constituent that is used to make made from composite material of plant fiber, it comprises in gross weight content is that 60% to 80% plant fiber material, content are that 10% to 30% starch based auxiliary and content are 10% to 20% biological polymer additive, and wherein said biological polymer additive comprises plant hormone, ferment, biological vinegar and lactate.
2. the constituent that is used to make made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 1, wherein, described plant fiber material is selected from withered bar, bagasse, corn cob, Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L), cereal shell, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, leaf, the leaf of bamboo, wood chip, bamboo bits or its combination.
3. the constituent that is used to make made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 1, wherein, described starch based auxiliary is selected from sweet potato flour, potato powder, W-Gum or its combination.
4. the constituent that is used to make made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 2, wherein, described starch based auxiliary is selected from sweet potato flour, potato powder, W-Gum or its combination.
5. according to each described constituent that is used to make made from composite material of plant fiber in the claim 1 to 4, wherein, the content of plant fiber material is 70%, the content of starch based auxiliary be 10% and the biological polymer content of additive be 20%, all in gross weight.
6. according to each described constituent that is used to make made from composite material of plant fiber in the claim 1 to 4, wherein, the content of plant fiber material is 60%, the content of starch based auxiliary be 10% and the biological polymer content of additive be 30%, all in gross weight.
7. the constituent that is used to make made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described biological polymer additive by plant hormone, ferment, biological vinegar and lactate with weight ratio 10: 5: 2: 3 form.
8. the manufacture method of a made from composite material of plant fiber, this method comprises:
Mixing in the content of gross weight be 60% to 80% plant fiber material, content be 10% to 30% starch based auxiliary and content be 10% to 20% biological polymer additive to form mixture, wherein said biological polymer additive comprises plant hormone, ferment, biological vinegar and lactate; And
Pressurization banburying described mixture under 90 ℃ to 120 ℃ temperature, and extruder grain becomes composite grain, thus obtain made from composite material of plant fiber.
9. the manufacture method of made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 8, it is cooled to proper temperature with composite grain after further being included in and obtaining composite grain, with suitable sieve aperture screening, thereby obtains made from composite material of plant fiber.
10. the manufacture method of made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 8, wherein, described plant fiber material is selected from withered bar, bagasse, corn cob, Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L), cereal shell, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, leaf, the leaf of bamboo, wood chip, bamboo bits or its combination.
11. the manufacture method of made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 8, wherein, described starch based auxiliary is selected from sweet potato flour, potato powder, W-Gum or its combination.
12. the manufacture method of made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 10, wherein, described starch based auxiliary is selected from sweet potato flour, potato powder, W-Gum or its combination.
13. the manufacture method of each described made from composite material of plant fiber in 12 according to Claim 8, wherein, the content of plant fiber material is 70%, the content of starch based auxiliary be 10% and the biological polymer content of additive be 20%, all in gross weight.
14. the manufacture method of each described made from composite material of plant fiber in 12 according to Claim 8, wherein, the content of plant fiber material is 60%, the content of starch based auxiliary be 10% and the biological polymer content of additive be 30%, all in gross weight.
15. a granular made from composite material of plant fiber, it is to be made by each described manufacture method in the claim 8 to 14.
16. according to claim 15 a described made from composite material of plant fiber, its fusing point that has is 80 ℃ to 95 ℃.
17. made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 15, its Shore hardness that has are 90 to 100HSD.
18. made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 15, its tensile strength that has is 100kg/cm
2To 200kg/cm
2
19. made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 15, its elongation that has is 600% to 900%.
20. made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 15, its tearing strength that has is 35kg/cm
2To 50kg/cm
2
21. made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 15, its frothing percentage that has are 2 to 5 times.
22. made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 15, its flexural strength that has is 400kg/cm
2To 500kg/cm
2
23. made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 15, its modulus in flexure that has is 32000kg/cm
2To 38000kg/cm
2
24. according to each described made from composite material of plant fiber in the claim 15 to 23, its particle diameter that has is 3 millimeters.
25. a sheet made from composite material of plant fiber, it is the granular made from composite material of plant fiber that is made by each described manufacture method in the claim 8 to 14, the sheet made from composite material of plant fiber of further making.
26. sheet made from composite material of plant fiber according to claim 25, its thickness that has is 0.5mm to 5mm.
27. a product of being made by made from composite material of plant fiber, it is to be made by each described made from composite material of plant fiber in the claim 15 to 26.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910226380XA CN101712804B (en) | 2009-11-26 | 2009-11-26 | Plant fiber composition, composite material, and preparation method and applications thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910226380XA CN101712804B (en) | 2009-11-26 | 2009-11-26 | Plant fiber composition, composite material, and preparation method and applications thereof |
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| CN101712804B true CN101712804B (en) | 2011-12-28 |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103059527B (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2015-05-13 | 纪永明 | Polylactic acid-plant fiber composite degradable material |
| CN104177662A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-12-03 | 江西禾尔斯环保科技有限公司 | Biodegradable material as well as preparation method and application of biodegradable material |
| CN104568623A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2015-04-29 | 南京汉旗新材料科技有限公司 | Method for measuring hardness of biomass material |
| CN106957497A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2017-07-18 | 辰邦企业有限公司 | Manufacture the material compositions of sport pad body and the manufacture method of the sport pad body |
| FI127576B (en) | 2017-03-02 | 2018-09-14 | Sulapac Oy | Novel materials for packaging |
| CN107177213A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-19 | 广西钱隆投资管理有限公司 | A kind of degradable expanded material and preparation method thereof |
| FI130445B (en) | 2018-09-01 | 2023-09-01 | Sulapac Oy | Compostable wood composite material |
| FI130356B (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2023-07-17 | Sulapac Oy | Flexible wood composition material |
| FI20225651A1 (en) | 2022-07-11 | 2024-01-12 | Sulapac Oy | Flexible multi-layer composite material |
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Effective date of registration: 20151202 Address after: China Taiwan Kaohsiung Meixing Mino District Street No. 151 Patentee after: Liu Xianzheng Patentee after: Lin Rongbiao Address before: Taiwan County, Kaohsiung, China Patentee before: Liu Xianzheng |
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