CN101805461A - Bio-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Bio-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101805461A CN101805461A CN201010123678.0A CN201010123678A CN101805461A CN 101805461 A CN101805461 A CN 101805461A CN 201010123678 A CN201010123678 A CN 201010123678A CN 101805461 A CN101805461 A CN 101805461A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 xylogen Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000046109 Sorghum vulgare var. nervosum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006167 biodegradable resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
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- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dicarboxybenzene Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N (1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18s,19r,20r,21s,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,37s,38r)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10 Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2.O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical class NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001523383 Achnatherum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710172072 Kexin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000081757 Phalaris arundinacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
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- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bio-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The bio-based compoiste material comprises the following components in part by weight: 25 to 60 parts of cellulose, 5 to 40 parts of lignin, 0 to 8 parts of hemicellulose, 10 to 50 parts of binder and the balance of impurities. The preparation method for the bio-based composite material comprises the following steps: removing the hemicellulose; adding the binder; and forming. The bio-based composite material is applied to fields of construction, transportation, home and public accommodation. The bio-based composite material which is provided by the invention and does not comprise or comprises little hemicellulose not only easily improves the toughness of the material, but also strengthens the bending strength, the hardness and the wearing resistance, uses the crop by-product as the raw material and is environment-friendly. The adopted binder can be waste plastic, resin, metal and the like. The material is regenerative.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bio-based composite material, the invention still further relates to the preparation method of this bio-based composite material and the application of this bio-based composite material.
Background technology
Along with the development of society, environmental problem more and more is subjected to people's attention." white pollution " that plastics etc. cause had a strong impact on people's living environment, moreover, a large amount of deforestations and large scale mining use oil to make that the content of carbonic acid gas sharply rises in the atmosphere, and human living environment in the Greenhouse effect serious harm that causes thus.Therefore, people begin to pay close attention to plastics and the woodworks of making the present a large amount of uses of matrix material replacement with vegetable fibres such as stalk, bagasse, and this not only can protect environment effectively, also can make full use of a large amount of crop by-products and the waste of agriculture production.
All plant fiber materials, its main chemical compositions is Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose and xylogen, looks the floristics difference, and the plant that has also contains other organic and inorganic submember.Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, hemicellulose level have very big-difference in each kind of plant, even same kind of plant, at different growth districts, component concentration also has difference.Table 1 has been listed hemicellulose, xylogen, cellulosic content in all kinds of stalks in China some areas in 2007 and the bagasse.
Hemicellulose, xylogen, cellulosic content in table 1 all kinds of stalks in China some areas in 2007 and the bagasse
| Kind | The place of production | Hemicellulose level/% | Content of lignin/% | Content of cellulose/% |
| Reed | Hebei | ??22.46 | ??24.40 | ??43.55 |
| Reed | Northeast | ??25.13 | ??19.26 | ??41.57 |
| Reed | Hubei | ??23.40 | ??20.72 | ??50.15 |
| Reed | Jiangsu | ??25.39 | ??20.35 | ??48.58 |
| Reed grass | Fujian | ??26.82 | ??23.90 | ??40.20 |
| Wheat straw | Hebei | ??25.56 | ??22.34 | ??40.40 |
| Cotton stalk | Sichuan | ??20.76 | ??23.16 | ??41.26 |
| Corn stalk | Sichuan | ??24.58 | ??18.38 | ??37.68 |
| Sorghum stalk | Hebei | ??24.40 | ??22.51 | ??39.70 |
| Stem of Lovely Achnatherum | The Inner Mongol | ??25.98 | ??16.52 | ??49.14 |
| Straw | Jiangsu | ??18.06 | ??14.05 | ??36.20 |
| Kind | The place of production | Hemicellulose level/% | Content of lignin/% | Content of cellulose/% |
| Straw | Zhejiang | ??19.55 | ??11.23 | ??36.85 |
| Straw (Shatian) | Anhui | ??22.45 | ??11.66 | ??39.12 |
| Straw (mud field) | Anhui | ??20.15 | ??8.32 | ??37.58 |
| Straw | Hebei | ??19.80 | ??11.93 | ??35.23 |
| Straw | Dandong | ??21.08 | ??9.49 | ??36.73 |
| The straw knot | Dandong | ??12.85 | ??10.11 | ??27.46 |
| Bagasse | Sichuan | ??23.51 | ??19.30 | ??42.16 |
| Bagasse | Guangdong | ??27.60 | ??18.92 | ??48.37 |
In general, hemicellulose level is 15～35% in the stalk, and content of lignin is 5～25%, and cellulosic content is 25～50%; The content of hemicellulose is 20～30% in the bagasse, and the content of xylogen is 15～21%, and cellulosic content is 40～50%.
Below in Zhi Bei the composite process, used raw material all is that the lignocellulose raw material in the crop by-products such as stalk, bagasse is Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen and hemicellulose.
The vegetable fibre stable structure provides good basis for it is applied to bio-based composite material.Present stage, the preparation method that plant fiber material is applied to bio-based composite material mainly concentrates on following two aspects.The one, with stalk or bagasse etc. wash, pulverizing, the extrusion molding of bonding back, make composition board.The biological fiber of having introduced with agricultural wastes as people such as Wyman prepares matrix material (Applied Biochemistry and Biotechology, 1993,39:39～59); And for example Chinese patent CN1366005 disclose a kind of with stalk through washing, pulverize, after the oven dry, add sizing agent, go into mould, in process furnace internal heating typing back molding, obtain matrix material.The 2nd, the back is pulverized in washings such as stalk or bagasse mix with some organism (as thermoplastic resin, biodegradable resin etc.) or inorganics (as raw metal, cement etc.), make matrix material.A kind of biodegradable composite material and production process thereof are disclosed as English Patent GB2260138, this matrix material is that Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen, starch are made fibrous, Powdered, particulate state, sheet or bulk, with the polymeric polyisocyanate is tackiness agent, mixes with urethane, ethene.And for example U.S. Pat 4317752 has been introduced a kind of matrix material, this matrix material is made up of ABCD four parts, A partly is the polymkeric substance of alkali-metal oxyhydroxide and lignocellulose, the source of its lignocellulose is arbor, shrub, farm crop, weeds, straw, grape, flower class, sea-tangle, algae and their mixture, its preparation method is that 3 parts of heavy Mierocrystalline celluloses are mixed with 2～5 parts of alkali-metal oxyhydroxide, heats 5～60 minutes down at 150～220 ℃ then.B partly is a tackiness agent, as polymeric polyisocyanate.C partly is 12～400 compound for number molecular weight, contains a hydroxyl or a hydrophilic radical at least.D partly is solidifying agent and activator.Patent CN1281875 has described the production method of straw and plastic composite material for another example, and the stalk after the pulverization process is handled with surface treatment agent, mixes with the plastics heating and melting again, is pressed into sheet material with press then or with forcing machine or injection moulding machine straight forming.
After deliberation, the existence of hemicellulose makes above-mentioned matrix material have defective aspect performance and the biological degradability.The chemical structure of hemicellulose and macromole state of aggregation and fiber have very big difference, are amorphous state in native state, the polymerization degree low (mean polymerisation degree is 200), but reactive functionality is many, and chemically reactive is strong.Esterification and etherification reaction can take place in the hydroxyl of hemicellulose, form multiple derivative, also graft copolymerization can take place.The poor heat resistance of hemicellulose, degraded easily at high temperature, so the variation of hemicellulose and loss not only reduce the toughness of material easily, and bending strength, hardness and wear resistance are reduced.Hemicellulose is an amorphous substance, has degree of branching, also has hydrophilic radicals such as more hydroxyl, carboxyl on main chain and the side chain, has water-absorbent, makes material wet swelling, distortion split, thereby influence material property easily.
For the removal of hemicellulose, have the technology of many comparative maturities at present, and the clearance of hemicellulose has reached more than 85% also.As the high-temperature-hot-water facture is when high temperature (more than 200 ℃), pressure are higher than synthermal time saturated vapor pressure, uses liquid water to remove hemicellulose (Wyman etc., Bioresource Technology, 2005,96:1959～1966) fully; Steam explosion is that W.H.Mason puies forward year method of the pre-treatment lignocellulose raw material of proposition 1925, since coming out, changing method constantly is improved, introduced under certain temperature and enough pressure as patent WO9817727 and to have used the steam treatment lignocellulosic material, with effectively with the hemicellulose degraded be hydrolyzed into water soluble resin; And for example patent WO2009108773 has introduced a kind of method of removing hemicellulose by continuous prehydrolysis and vapor explosion method; The alkaline purification method also is a pretreatment method of wood fiber raw materials commonly used at present, and alkali commonly used has Ca (OH)
2(Appl.Biochem.Biotechnol such as Chang V S, 1998,74:135～159), NaOH etc.; Patent CN101402659 has also introduced and has used Fe in addition
3+The hydrolysis reaction of catalysis biological raw material, thus remove hemicellulose in the biomass material.
Summary of the invention
Technical purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of bio-based composite material that does not contain or seldom contain hemicellulose, thereby show advantages such as more excellent intensity, toughness, water absorbability, stability, the biological degradability of matrix material also is improved simultaneously, more compliance with environmental protection requirements.
In order to realize technical purpose of the present invention, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of bio-based composite material is made up of Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, hemicellulose and caking agent, and rest part is an impurity, and its parts by weight are as follows:
25 parts～60 parts of Mierocrystalline celluloses
5 parts～40 parts in xylogen
0 part～8 parts of hemicelluloses
10 parts～50 parts of binding agents
Mierocrystalline cellulose belongs to natural high moleculer eompound, water insoluble and common organic solvents.It is the chain-like macromolecule compound that is made of a large amount of glucosyl groups, connects with β (1 → 4) glycosidic link between the glucosyl group, and be the major ingredient of bio-based materials.
Hemicellulose has been given fibrous elasticity.Hemicellulose is an amorphous state in native state, and the polymerization degree is low, but reactive functionality is many, and chemically reactive is strong, and the content of hemicellulose reduces, and the probability that chemical reaction takes place also reduces.The poor heat resistance of hemicellulose, degraded easily at high temperature, so the variation of hemicellulose and loss not only reduce the toughness of material easily, and bending strength, hardness and wear resistance are reduced.Hemicellulose is an amorphous substance, has degree of branching, also has hydrophilic radicals such as more hydroxyl, carboxyl on main chain and the side chain, has water-absorbent, makes material wet swelling, distortion split, thereby influence material property easily.
Xylogen belongs to aromatics, claims lignin again.It forms the main component of plant skeleton with Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, quantitatively is only second to Mierocrystalline cellulose.Xylogen is filled in the physical strength that strengthens plant materials in the Mierocrystalline cellulose framework, and the moisture that is beneficial to transfusion tissue transports and resist the invasion and attack of bad external environment.
We have carried out multiple Mechanics Performance Testing to the matrix material of different hemicellulose levels, the result shows: when hemicellulose by weight its content during less than 8 parts, material shows better comprehensive performance at aspects such as MOR, shock strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, water-intake rates.And when half fibre content during greater than 8 parts, material shows degradation in various degree in above-mentioned performance, and this directly causes matrix material to go wrong on practicality, descends as wearing quality, and hardness, toughness reduce; Stability decreases easily produces crack, warpage; Water-absorbent raises, easily hygroscopic deformation.In addition, we also test effect of material performance the content of Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen, the result shows, have only when content of cellulose at 25～60 parts, plant lignin content during at 5～30 parts, the MOR of material, shock strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, water-intake rate etc. all reach or are better than the performance of existing wood base composite material.
In above-mentioned matrix material, bio-based composite material source comprises bagasse, stalk, can be that wherein a kind of also can be both combinations.
Stalk comprises one or more in cornstalk, rice straw, wheat straw, hemp stalk, the kaoliang stalk.
Binding agent comprises one or more in Biodegradable resin, natural polymer, denatured protein, derivatived cellulose, thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, raw metal, the inorganics raw material.
Bio-based composite material also comprises additive.Additive comprises one or more in oxidation inhibitor, stablizer, promotor, linking agent, coupling agent, compatilizer, whipping agent, the transparent base.
A kind of preparation method of bio-based composite material comprises the removal hemicellulose; Add binding agent; Be shaped.
Wherein, removing hemicellulose, is prior art, comprises steam explosion, high-temperature-hot-water facture, acid treatment, alkaline purification, but is not limited to this, so long as can remove the method for hemicellulose in the prior art, can adopt.
The application of a kind of bio-based composite material aspect building, traffic, packing, household, communal facility.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) existence of hemicellulose can make matrix material have defective aspect performance and the biological degradability.Because the hemicellulose polymerization degree is low, but reactive functionality is many, chemically reactive is strong, poor heat resistance, and at high temperature esterification and etherification reaction can take place in the hydroxyl of degraded and hemicellulose easily, form multiple derivative, also hydrophilic radicals such as graft copolymerization, hydroxyl and carboxyl can take place, have water-absorbent, make material wet swelling, distortion split, thereby influence material property easily.Therefore a kind of bio-based composite material that does not contain or seldom contain hemicellulose provided by the invention makes this bio-based composite material not only improve the toughness of material easily, and bending strength, hardness and wear resistance are strengthened.
(2) the global annual crop by-products such as a large amount of stalks, bagasse that all have, the present invention is used as raw material with these crop by-products, be prepared into the new bio based composites, not only can effectively reduce the environmental pollution that brings because of crop straw burning, bagasse etc., also can reduce the dependence of people to wood materials, reduce the felling of trees, environmental protection more.
(3) binding agent of the present invention can be depleted plastics, resin, metal etc., has solved the regeneration problem of materials industry waste.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below by embodiment.In following examples, with the ability of MOR value (MPa) expression opposing flexural failure, numerical value is big more, illustrates that counter-bending destructive ability is strong more; With impact value (J/cm
2) expression impact resistance or judge the fragility and the degree of flexibility of material, numerical value is big more, illustrates that impact resistance fragility and degree of flexibility strong more or material are good; With tensile strength values (MPa) expression material suffered maximum tensile stress till fracture, tensile strength values is big more, illustrates that tensile stress is big more; The maximum stress that flexural strength value (MPa) expression material breaks under the bending load effect or can bear when reaching the regulation amount of deflection, the flexural strength value is big more, and the expression rigidity is good more; Water-intake rate (%) expression material structure feature.
MOR and flexural strength that the WDW3010 type universal testing machine that adopts Kexin Experimental Instrument Co., Ltd., Changchun City to produce is tested sheet material; Adopt Shenzhen newly to think carefully the shock strength of the ZBC1400 of material tests company limited production～2 type balance weight impact testing machines test sheet material; The tensile strength that the XL～100A type tension testing machine that adopts Guangzhou laboratory apparatus factory to produce is tested sheet material; The water-intake rate (all adopting these Instrument measurings in following examples) of the SH10A type moisture teller test sheet material that Instr Ltd. of Nereid section produces in the employing.
Embodiment 1
(its content of cellulose is 39.85 parts to get Jiangsu product barley-straw in 2008, hemicellulose level is 37.50 parts, content of lignin is 19.20 parts) 1 kilogram, be ground into the fragment that particle diameter is 3～8mm after the washing, explosion 8min under 140 ℃, 1.0MPa, to remove hemicellulose, quality of material after the processing is 0.61 kilogram, and the mass ratio of hemicellulose is 2.02 parts, and the remaining solid component is taken out, washing, drying; Add 0.068 kilogram of poly(lactic acid) binding agent (account for gross weight 8 parts) then in the good material of pre-treatment, add oxidation inhibitor secondary diarylamine class again, all mixtures are 150 ℃ of following melting mixing; At last the material that is mixed is put into press and be pressed into sheet material, the MOR of the mass ratio of each component and sheet material, shock strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and water-intake rate performance test are as shown in table 2 in the sheet material.
Embodiment 2
(its content of cellulose is 45.24 parts to get Guangxi product bagasse in 2008, hemicellulose level is 19.27 parts, content of lignin is 32.65 parts) 1 kilogram, be ground into the fragment that particle diameter is 3～8mm after the washing, at 150 ℃ down with 0.8% dilute sulphuric acids immersion 10 minutes, to remove hemicellulose, quality of material after the processing is 0.77 kilogram, and the mass ratio of hemicellulose is 1.18 parts, and the remaining solid component is taken out, washing, drying; Add 0.77 kilogram of chitosan binding agent (account for gross weight 28 parts) then in the good material of pre-treatment, add the plasticizer phthalic acid ester class again, all mixtures are 150 ℃ of following melting mixing; At last the material that is mixed is put into press and be pressed into sheet material, the MOR of the mass ratio of each component and sheet material, shock strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and water-intake rate performance test are as shown in table 2 in the sheet material.
Embodiment 3
Get Hebei in 2008 and produce rice straw (its content of cellulose is 45.23 parts, and hemicellulose level is 19.80 parts, and content of lignin is 25.93 parts) 1 kilogram, be ground into the fragment that particle diameter is 3～8mm after the washing, use Ca (OH) down at 90 ℃
2Soak 30min, to remove hemicellulose, the quality of material after the processing is 0.74 kilogram, and the mass ratio of hemicellulose is 1.2 parts, the remaining solid component is taken out washing, drying; Add 0.25 kilogram of cellulose acetate binding agent (account for gross weight 21 parts) then in the good material of pre-treatment, add stablizer salicylate class again, all mixtures are 150 ℃ of following melting mixing; At last the material that is mixed is put into press and be pressed into sheet material, the MOR of the mass ratio of each component and sheet material, shock strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and water-intake rate performance test are as shown in table 2 in the sheet material.
Embodiment 4
(its content of cellulose is 47.68 parts to get Liaoning product corn stalk in 2008, hemicellulose level is 24.58 parts, content of lignin is 25.38 parts) 1 kilogram, be ground into the fragment that particle diameter is 3～8mm after the washing, under 200 ℃, 6.5MPa, handle 15min with liquid water, to remove hemicellulose, quality of material after the processing is 0.72 kilogram, and the mass ratio of hemicellulose is 4.8 parts, and the remaining solid component is taken out, washing, drying; In the good material of pre-treatment, add 0.48 kilogram of polyethylene binder (account for gross weight 40 parts) then, add tensio-active agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, oxidation inhibitor Ursol D class, plasticizer phthalic acid ester class, stablizer benzophenone again, all mixtures are 150 ℃ of following melting mixing; At last the material that is mixed is put into press and be pressed into sheet material, the MOR of the mass ratio of each component and sheet material, shock strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and water-intake rate performance test are as shown in table 2 in the sheet material.
Embodiment 5
(its content of cellulose is 46.40 parts to get 2008 Heilungkiang product kaoliang stalk, hemicellulose level is 24.85 parts, content of lignin is 19.20 parts) 1 kilogram, be ground into the fragment that particle diameter is 3～8mm after the washing, explosion 8min under 240 ℃, 4.5MPa, to remove hemicellulose, quality of material after the processing is 0.74 kilogram, and hemicellulose level is 3.1 parts, and the remaining solid component is taken out, washing, drying; In the good material of pre-treatment, add 0.082 kilogram of phenolic resin adhesive (account for gross weight 10 parts) then, add tensio-active agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, oxidation inhibitor alkyl polyphenol, softening agent pentaerythritol esters, stablizer oxanilide class again, all mixtures are 150 ℃ of following melting mixing; At last the material that is mixed is put into press and be pressed into sheet material, the MOR of the mass ratio of each component and sheet material, shock strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and water-intake rate performance test are as shown in table 2 in the sheet material.
Embodiment 6
(its content of cellulose is 45.36 parts to get Guangxi product bagasse in 2008, hemicellulose level is 18.86 parts, content of lignin is 33.75 parts) 1 kilogram, be ground into the fragment that particle diameter is 3～8mm after the washing, at 150 ℃ down with 0.8 part dilute sulphuric acids immersion 10 minutes, to remove hemicellulose, quality of material after the processing is 0.78 kilogram, and hemicellulose level is 1.35 parts, and the remaining solid component is taken out, washing, drying; Add 0.78 kilogram of copper powder binding agent (account for gross weight 50%) then in the good material of pre-treatment, add tensio-active agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, oxidation inhibitor aldehyde-amine condensate class, linking agent sulphur again, all mixtures mix at normal temperatures; At last the material that is mixed is injection molded into sheet material, the MOR of the mass ratio of each component and sheet material, shock strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and water-intake rate performance test are as shown in table 2 in the sheet material.
Embodiment 7
Get Hebei in 2008 and produce rice straw (its content of cellulose is 44.77 parts, and hemicellulose level is 19.97 parts, and content of lignin is 25.33 parts) 1 kilogram, be ground into the fragment that particle diameter is 3～8mm after the washing, use Ca (OH) down at 90 ℃
2Soak 30min, to remove hemicellulose, the quality of material after the processing is 0.72 kilogram, and hemicellulose level is 0.92 part, the remaining solid component is taken out washing, drying; In the good material of pre-treatment, add 0.24 kilogram of coal dust ash (account for gross weight 25 parts) then, add tensio-active agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, oxidation inhibitor alkyl polyphenol, softening agent pentaerythritol esters, stablizer oxanilide class again, all mixtures mix down at 150 ℃; At last the material that is mixed is extruded into sheet material, the MOR of the mass ratio of each component and sheet material, shock strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and water-intake rate performance test are as shown in table 2 in the sheet material.
Embodiment 8
(its content of cellulose is 45.30 parts to get 2008 Heilungkiang product kaoliang stalk, hemicellulose level is 25.77 parts, content of lignin is 19.25 parts) 0.5 kilogram, 2008 Hebei produces rice straw (its content of cellulose is 43.55 parts, hemicellulose level is 18.89 parts, content of lignin is 27.43 parts) 0.5 kilogram, be ground into the fragment that particle diameter is 3～8mm after the washing respectively, explosion 8min under 210 ℃, 3.0MPa, to remove hemicellulose, the content of cellulose of handling the back kaoliang stalk is 64.76 parts, hemicellulose level is 3.11 parts, and content of lignin is 27.32 parts; The content of cellulose of handling the back rice straw is 61.26 parts, and hemicellulose level is 1.03 parts, and content of lignin is 35.97 parts).The remaining solid component is taken out, washing, drying is mixed; In the good material of pre-treatment, add 0.3 kilogram of 0.2 kilogram of polyvinyl chloride binding agent (account for gross weight 16 parts), starch adesive (account for gross weight 20 parts) then, add tensio-active agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, oxidation inhibitor alkyl polyphenol, softening agent pentaerythritol esters, stablizer oxanilide class again, all mixtures are 150 ℃ of following melting mixing; At last the material that is mixed is squeezed into sheet material, the MOR of the mass ratio of each component and sheet material, shock strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and water-intake rate performance test are as shown in table 2 in the sheet material.
Embodiment 9
Get 2008 Guangdong and produce bagasse (its content of cellulose is 31.04 parts, and hemicellulose level is 26.82 parts, and content of lignin is 35.73 parts) 1 kilogram, be ground into the fragment that particle diameter is 3～8mm after the washing, use Ca (OH) down at 90 ℃
2Soak 30min, to remove hemicellulose, the quality of material after the processing is 0.67 kilogram, and hemicellulose level is 10.08 parts, the remaining solid component is taken out washing, drying; In the good material of pre-treatment, add 0.17 kilogram of polyethylene binder (account for gross weight 20 parts) then, add tensio-active agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, oxidation inhibitor alkyl polyphenol, softening agent pentaerythritol esters, stablizer oxanilide class again, all mixtures are 150 ℃ of following melting mixing; At last the material that is mixed is struck out sheet material, the MOR of the mass ratio of each component and sheet material, shock strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and water-intake rate performance test are as shown in table 2 in the sheet material.
Embodiment 10
(its content of cellulose is 39.7 parts to get 2008 Hebei yield wheat stalks, hemicellulose level is 18.86 parts, content of lignin is 31.43 parts) 1 kilogram, be ground into the fragment that particle diameter is 3～8mm after the washing, explosion 8min under 210 ℃, 3.0MPa, to remove hemicellulose, quality of material after the processing is 0.75 kilogram, and hemicellulose level is 0 part, and the remaining solid component is taken out, washing, drying; In the good material of pre-treatment, add 0.32 kilogram of poly(lactic acid) (account for gross weight 30 parts) then, add tensio-active agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, oxidation inhibitor alkyl polyphenol, softening agent pentaerythritol esters, stablizer oxanilide class again, all mixtures are 150 ℃ of following melting mixing; At last the material that is mixed is rolled into sheet material, the MOR of the mass ratio of each component and sheet material, shock strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and water-intake rate performance test are as shown in table 2 in the sheet material.
Each component concentration and the performance of table 2 bio-based composite material
Above embodiment is not limited thereto, so long as can reach remove hemicellulose and add binding agent the bio-based composite material moulding got final product.
Claims (9)
1. a bio-based composite material is made up of Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, hemicellulose and binding agent, and rest part is for assorted
Matter, its parts by weight are as follows:
25 parts～60 parts of Mierocrystalline celluloses
5 parts～40 parts in xylogen
0 part～8 parts of hemicelluloses
10 parts～50 parts of binding agents
2. bio-based composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described bio-based composite material source comprises one or more in bagasse, the stalk.
3. bio-based composite material according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described stalk comprises one or more in cornstalk, rice straw, wheat straw, hemp stalk, the kaoliang stalk.
4. bio-based composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described binding agent comprises one or more in Biodegradable resin, natural polymer, denatured protein, derivatived cellulose, thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, raw metal, the inorganics raw material.
5. bio-based composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described bio-based composite material also comprises additive.
6. bio-based composite material according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described additive comprises one or more in oxidation inhibitor, stablizer, promotor, linking agent, coupling agent, compatilizer, whipping agent, the transparent base.
7. the preparation method of a bio-based composite material according to claim 1 the steps include:
(A) remove hemicellulose;
(B) add binding agent;
(C) be shaped.
8. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the removal hemicellulose employing method in the step (A) comprises steam explosion, high-temperature-hot-water facture, acid treatment, alkaline purification.
9. the application of bio-based composite material according to claim 1 aspect building, traffic, packing, household, communal facility.
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| CN105111751A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-12-02 | 广州甘蔗糖业研究所 | Bagasse soybean protein fully-degradable material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106009248A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-12 | 浙江农林大学 | Method for manufacturing high-toughness traditional Chinese medicine residue / plastic composite material |
| CN106190029A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 雷春生 | A kind of preparation method of automobile-used low noise antifriction material |
| CN106493827A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-03-15 | 浙江农林大学 | A kind of engineered wood and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106190029A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 雷春生 | A kind of preparation method of automobile-used low noise antifriction material |
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| CN110498986A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-26 | 昆山加迪豪铝业有限公司 | A kind of fire-proof doors and windows combo box plate and its synthetic method |
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