CN101709476A - Production method and equipment for deburring aluminum workpieces by continuously alkali washing - Google Patents
Production method and equipment for deburring aluminum workpieces by continuously alkali washing Download PDFInfo
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- CN101709476A CN101709476A CN200910114500A CN200910114500A CN101709476A CN 101709476 A CN101709476 A CN 101709476A CN 200910114500 A CN200910114500 A CN 200910114500A CN 200910114500 A CN200910114500 A CN 200910114500A CN 101709476 A CN101709476 A CN 101709476A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method and equipment for deburring aluminum workpieces by continuously alkali washing. Surface burrs on the surfaces of aluminum or aluminum alloy workpieces (precision parts) with complicated shapes are removed by adopting relatively simple processes and relatively less equipment and a layer of passivation protective film is attached. The production method adopts a fully-automatic method and comprises the following steps of degreasing, alkali washing, neutralizing, soaking with pure water, surface passivating, washing, blowing and drying. The invention is characterized in that the aluminum workpieces are operated continuously on a stable conveyor belt, and the invention has the advantages of high deburring efficiency, damage free to parts surfaces, surface passivation, discoloration free, easy treatment with cleanout fluid and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method and equipment of aluminum or aluminum alloy workpiece fin cutting, particularly remove aluminium and Al alloy parts surface burr (base substrate) and adhere to the production method and the equipment of one deck passivation protection film by full-automatic alkali cleaning continuously.
Background technology
The precision work that is used for precision component along with aluminum or aluminum alloy more and more widely, deburring in the precision work and passivation protection top layer are another directly to be the obstacle that is difficult to overcome in the precision component production full-automation.The finely finished article of various aluminium alloys and aluminium; valve body comprising automobile; the hydraulic machine axle; gear; computer hard disc; scatterer; the rocking arm of lathe; precision screws etc. all need burr is removed in precision work; also more and more high to the requirement of processing the back deburring; the user has proposed very high requirement to the deburring of such part; when under 10 power microscopes, checking after the customer requirements part deburring that has without any projection; burr; and piece surface not damaged; no variable color; therefore, deburring and passivation protection have become to influence the key factor of part quality and part processing productivity.So the precision work expense of precision component reaches 15% of total cost of production in production.
At present, several different methods is arranged, 1, the manual burr removal of scraping for complex-shaped precision component cleaning, fin cutting and passivation, 2, vibration or rolling burr removal, 3, the thermochemistry deburring, 4, the abrasive jet deburring, 5, electrochemical machining burr removal, 6, the ultrasonic wave burr removal.All there is weak point in this several method, and 1, the manual burr removal of scraping.Because part is little, the deburring position is many, and the workman operates at microscopically, and production efficiency is very low, and the part quality is influenced by human factor and be difficult for assurance.2, vibropolish deburring and drum polishing deburring.Part and abrasive particle are put into shake cylinder or drum together, add entry or other liquid medium, cylinder body vibration or drum roll, by the collision of abrasive particle and part, the purpose that rubbing effect reaches deburring.But this method can the fin cutting part to precision component, but simultaneously also can the defective work piece structure and change workpiece size.3, thermochemistry deburring.Usually be referred to as " thorn of singing ", its principle is that part is put into an airtight pressurized vessel, feed blended inflammable gas by a certain percentage, use the spark ignitor inflammable gas, by the instantaneous high temperature of inflammable gas detonation (optional 2500～3000 ℃ of the local temperature of formation) with the burr burn off.Because the material of this part is an aluminium, its thermal conductivity is fine, and the effect of deburring is undesirable in this way.High temperature when in addition, singing thorn can make the piece surface variable color and make the material deliquescing.So precision component can not adopt the method for thermochemistry deburring.4, abrasive jet deburring.Its principle is to utilize pressurized air that abrasive particle is sprayed to part burr position at a high speed from jet hole, by bump, the rubbing effect fin cutting of abrasive particle.Because this part is little and complicated, many positions abrasive particle injection less than, burr is removed unclean, and productivity is lower.5, electrochemical machining burr removal.Utilize the principle of electrochemical machining to hit burr removal. promptly utilize metal that the principle of anode dissolution can take place in electrolytic solution.During deburring, tool-electrode is connect dc power cathode, part connects dc power anode, makes tool-electrode alignment element burr root, feeds mobile electrolytic solution between part burr and tool-electrode.Like this, burr will come off from root is dissolved.Adopt the method for electrochemical deburring can hit the burr that removes this part effectively.Because the chemical property of aluminium is active, and the part of user after to deburring require very highly, makes the electrochemical deburring of this part be different from general steel components.It does not produce dispersion corrosion when requiring to guarantee the part deburring on technology, and surfaceness is good, and piece surface nondiscoloration after the deburring.So this method facility investment is big, efficient is too low, energy consumption is high, and waste electrolyte is handled comparatively complicated, is difficult to be fit to the production of extensive multiplex's part.6, ultrasonic wave burr removal.This method is with vacuum decompression ultrasonic wave unhairing acupuncture manipulation cleaning object (comprising deburring object, corrosion object) to be positioned in the vacuum (decompression), removes its inner air, leads then and carries out ultrasonic cleaning after people's clean-out system soaks.But this method is difficult to remove greater than the burr more than the 50 μ m, and the burr that aluminium workpiece cutting process is produced generally all can be greater than 100 μ m.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of comparatively simple technology and relatively less equipment just can realize the complex-shaped surperficial burr of aluminum or aluminum alloy workpiece (precision parts) is removed and adhered to one deck passivation protection film and make aluminium piece surface not damaged, no variable color, advantages such as the easy processing of scavenging solution.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to adopt the method for similar full-automatic alkali cleaning aluminium alloy, its technology comprise workpiece degreasing degreasing, alkali cleaning, neutralization, pure water immersion, surface passivation, clean, the step of blowing and oven dry, be characterized in operate continuously in having stable travelling belt, process is as follows:
1, degreasing degreasing, the king-sized burr of artificial removal after the aluminum or aluminum alloy workpiece cuts or shapes, transmit then and enter the degreasing degreasing operation, described degreasing degreasing process be with aluminium and Al alloy parts on automatic conveying belt with deoil, stain remover spray workpiece, or immerse automatically by transport unit in the liquid of groove, make workpiece cleaning, adopted deoil, stain remover is the mixture of alkalescence, acidity or neutral pharmaceutical chemicals and water, 30～60 ℃ of spray temperature.
2, alkali cleaning, continue to be sent to the workpiece of degreasing degreasing in the alkaline bath, immerse alkaline wash, 70～110 ℃ of alkali cleaning temperature, 1～6 minute time, alkaline wash is made up of the SODIUMNITRATE of 5～10% (wt%) and the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the mass ratio of SODIUMNITRATE and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is 0.5～1: 3～4, and alkaline wash is provided with outer circulation, liquid level height control system.
3, neutralization, the workpiece after the alkali cleaning continues to be sent to neutralization chamber, soaks 2～4 minutes with nitric acid, sulfuric acid and the neutralization additive of 1～5% (wt%), uses the clear water spray irrigation clean then.
4, pure water soaks, because workpiece needs surface passivation, so the clean workpiece of clear water spray irrigation need soak with deionized water, guarantees neutral pH value.
5, surface passivation, workpiece is continued to send into deactivation slot along automatic conveying belt, passivation is 3～5 minutes in the passivation liquid medicine of being made up of deionized water, water glass, Sunmorl N 60S, benzotriazole and tensio-active agent, the mass ratio of water, water glass, Sunmorl N 60S, benzotriazole and tensio-active agent is 50～90: 0.5～1: 0.2～0.6: 0.4～1: 0.05～0.1, and described tensio-active agent is anion surfactants such as Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate or Ye Gui a, famous physician of the Qing Dynasty alcohol sodium sulfate.
6, clean, the back of coming out of the workpiece after the passivation is clean with the clear water spray irrigation, cleans and can divide two sections to carry out, and first section with the flushing of normal temperature tap water, uses the heat water-spraying for second section, and the temperature of hot water is 80-95 ℃, helps next step drying like this.
7, blowing and oven dry enter the hot blast drying chamber with workpiece along travelling belt, and air blast dries up, and rolls off the production line, and dispatches from the factory after the assay was approved.
The equipment that production method adopted that aluminium and Al alloy parts surface burr are removed in above-mentioned full-automatic alkali cleaning continuously comprises travelling belt, degreasing degreasing chamber, alkaline bath, deactivation slot and heating blowing chamber, described alkaline bath and deactivation slot are deep-slotted chip breaker, aluminium and Al alloy parts enter deep-slotted chip breaker contact alkaline wash or passivating solution along travelling belt, described deep-slotted chip breaker also can be that the bottom is for flat, both sides are the slope, and slope and travelling belt planar angle a are between 15～60 °; In addition, alkaline cleaning procedure is because alkali lye and aluminum metal temperature of reaction raise, so will establish external circulating system and liquid level control device, suitably heating or cooling guarantee the temperature of alkali cleaning, and control suitable liquid level.Described heating blowing chamber is to be provided with heating tube and the chest that can dry of four sides, can be by hot blast drying after aluminium and Al alloy parts are entered.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, adopt on travelling belt, once finish degreasing degreasing, alkali cleaning, neutralization, pure water immersion, surface passivation, clean, the operation of blowing and oven dry, guaranteed operating continuity, alleviated workman's stagewise operation in the past, saved the space and the energy.
2, degreasing tank, neutralizing well, alkaline bath and deactivation slot are deep-slotted chip breaker, have controlled the time and the effect of degreasing, alkali cleaning, neutralization and passivation well.
3, heat water-spraying's temperature is 80-95 ℃, helps the drying of workpiece like this.
4, the alkaline wash that disposes voluntarily of the inventor has guaranteed effective removal of workpiece surface burr and to the effective protection and the control of Workpiece structure and size.
5, the passivator that disposes voluntarily of the inventor has guaranteed that workpiece surface has anti-oxidant preferably and corrosion resistance nature, and workpiece is subjected to user's welcome, and particularly some precision instrument parts have guaranteed quality product.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the production unit structural representation that aluminum or aluminum alloy workpiece surface burr is removed in the full-automatic alkali cleaning continuously of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of the production process of embodiment 1 continuous alkali cleaning fin cutting.
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of the production process of embodiment 2 continuous alkali cleaning fin cuttings.
See among the figure that the equipment of aluminum workpieces by continuously alkali washing fin cutting comprises frame 1, live roll 2, travelling belt 3, cover body 4, degreasing degreasing chamber 5, alkaline bath 6, neutralization chamber 7, deactivation slot 8 and hot blast drying chamber 9, live roll 2 is installed on the frame 1, live roll 2 has travelling belt 3, degreasing degreasing chamber 5, alkaline bath 6 and neutralization chamber 7, deactivation slot 8 and hot blast drying chamber 9 are all in cover body 4.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 2, the inventor produces a collection of desktop cpu scatterer 10 in September, 2008 for certain computer enterprise, the king-sized burr of artificial removal after cutting or shaping, transmission enters degreasing degreasing chamber 5 and carries out the degreasing degreasing operation, that adopts deoils, stain remover is the alkali electroless medicine, 55 ℃ of temperature, sprayed 4 minutes, continue to be sent in the alkaline bath 6 again, immerse alkaline wash, 80～100 ℃ of alkali cleaning temperature, 2 minutes time, alkaline wash is made up of the SODIUMNITRATE of 7.5% (wt%) and the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the mass ratio of SODIUMNITRATE and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is 0.8: 3, and alkaline wash is provided with outer circulation and liquid level height control system; Workpiece after the alkali cleaning continues to be sent to neutralization chamber 7, with the nitric acid dousing of 4.5% (wt%) 4 minutes, use the clear water spray irrigation clean then, soak with deionized water, guarantee neutral pH value, again workpiece is continued to send into deactivation slot 8 along automatic conveying belt, by water glass, Sunmorl N 60S, passivation is 3 minutes in the passivator that benzotriazole and tensio-active agent are formed, water, water glass, Sunmorl N 60S, the mass ratio of benzotriazole and Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is 1: 0.5: 0.2: 0.4: 0.05, it is clean after workpiece after the passivation comes out with the clear water spray irrigation, clean and can divide two sections to carry out, first section with the flushing of normal temperature tap water, uses the heat water-spraying for second section, the temperature of hot water is 90 ℃, at last workpiece is entered hot blast drying chamber 9 along travelling belt, air blast dries up, and rolls off the production line, dispatch from the factory after the assay was approved, after the user used, it was fine to feed back this batch part quality in January, 2009, and durability is higher.
As shown in Figure 3, accept 11 hundreds of in certain mobile communication company base station trunking scatterer in February, 2009, the king-sized burr of artificial removal after cutting or shaping, transmission enters degreasing degreasing chamber 5 and carries out the degreasing degreasing operation, adopt deoiling of embodiment 1, stain remover is the alkali electroless medicine, 35～50 ℃ of temperature, sprayed 3 minutes, continue to be sent in the alkaline bath 6 again, immerse alkaline wash, 70～90 ℃ of alkali cleaning temperature, 4 minutes time, alkaline wash is made up of the SODIUMNITRATE of 7% (wt%) and the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the mass ratio of SODIUMNITRATE and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is 0.7: 3, and alkaline wash is provided with outer circulation and liquid level height control system; Workpiece after the alkali cleaning continues to be sent to neutralization chamber 7, with the nitric acid dousing of 4% (wt%) 3 minutes, use the clear water spray irrigation clean then, soak with deionized water, guarantee neutral pH value, again workpiece is continued to send into deactivation slot 8 along automatic conveying belt, by water glass, Sunmorl N 60S, passivation is 4 minutes in the passivator that benzotriazole and tensio-active agent are formed, water, water glass, Sunmorl N 60S, the mass ratio of benzotriazole and Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is identical with embodiment 1, and is clean with the clear water spray irrigation after the workpiece after the passivation comes out, and cleans and can divide two sections to carry out, first section is washed with the normal temperature tap water, use the heat water-spraying for second section, the temperature of hot water is 85 ℃, at last workpiece is entered hot blast drying chamber 9 along travelling belt, air blast dries up, roll off the production line, dispatch from the factory after the assay was approved, more satisfied during user acceptance.
Claims (5)
1. the production method of aluminium or aluminum workpieces by continuously alkali washing fin cutting and surface passivation protection; adopt full-automatic caustic washing method to carry out; its technology comprise workpiece degreasing degreasing, alkali cleaning, neutralization, pure water immersion, surface passivation, clean, the step of blowing and oven dry; it is characterized in that: the aluminium workpiece is operate continuously in having stable travelling belt, and process is as follows:
1). degreasing degreasing, the king-sized burr of artificial removal after aluminium and Al alloy parts cut or shape, transmit then and enter the degreasing degreasing operation, described degreasing degreasing process be with aluminium and Al alloy parts on automatic conveying belt with deoil, stain remover spray workpiece or immerse in the groove in the liquid, make the workpiece cleaning, adopted deoil, stain remover is alkalescence, acid or neutral chemical industry solutions, the spray temperature is 30～60 ℃;
2). alkali cleaning, continue to be sent to the workpiece of degreasing degreasing in the alkaline bath, immerse alkaline wash, 70～110 ℃ of alkali cleaning temperature, 1～6 minute time, alkaline wash is made up of the SODIUMNITRATE of 5～10%wt and the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the mass ratio of SODIUMNITRATE and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is 0.5～1: 3～4, and alkaline wash is provided with outer circulation and liquid level control and temperature controlling system;
3). neutralization, the workpiece after the alkali cleaning continues to be sent to neutralization chamber, and the neutralization solution of forming with nitric acid, sulfuric acid and the neutralization additive of 1～5%wt soaked 2～4 minutes, used the clear water spray irrigation clean then;
4). pure water soaks, because workpiece needs surface passivation, so the clean workpiece of clear water spray irrigation need soak with deionized water, guarantees neutral pH value;
5). surface passivation, workpiece is continued to send into deactivation slot along automatic conveying belt, passivation is 3～5 minutes in the passivator of being made up of water glass, Sunmorl N 60S, benzotriazole and tensio-active agent, the mass ratio of water, water glass, Sunmorl N 60S, benzotriazole and tensio-active agent is 50～90: 0.5～1: 0.2～0.6: 0.4～1: 0.05～0.1, and described tensio-active agent is anion surfactants such as Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate or Ye Gui a, famous physician of the Qing Dynasty alcohol sodium sulfate;
6). clean, the back of coming out of the workpiece after the passivation is clean with the clear water spray irrigation, cleans and can divide two sections to carry out, and first section with the flushing of normal temperature tap water, uses the heat water-spraying for second section, and the temperature of hot water is 60-95 ℃;
7). blowing and oven dry, workpiece is entered hot blast drying chamber (9) along travelling belt, air blast dries up, and rolls off the production line, and dispatches from the factory after the assay was approved;
2. the equipment that production method adopted of aluminium as claimed in claim 1 or aluminum workpieces by continuously alkali washing fin cutting, it is characterized in that: this equipment comprises frame (1), live roll (2), travelling belt (3), degreasing degreasing chamber (5), alkaline bath (6), neutralizing well, deactivation slot (8) and hot blast drying chamber (9), live roll (2) is installed on the frame (1), live roll (2) has travelling belt (3), alkaline bath (6) and deactivation slot (8) are deep-slotted chip breaker, deactivation slot (8) and hot blast drying chamber (9) are installed in the cover body (4), and the aluminum or aluminum alloy workpiece enters deep-slotted chip breaker contact alkaline wash or passivating solution along travelling belt.
3. the production unit of aluminium according to claim 1 or aluminum workpieces by continuously alkali washing fin cutting, it is characterized in that: described equipment also comprises external circulating system, liquid level control device, be provided with heating or cooling temperature control device, guarantee the temperature of alkali cleaning, and control suitable liquid level.
4. the production unit of aluminium according to claim 2 or aluminum workpieces by continuously alkali washing fin cutting is characterized in that: described deep-slotted chip breaker bottom is for flat, and both sides are the slope, and slope and travelling belt planar angle are between 15～60 °.
5. the production unit of aluminium according to claim 2 or aluminum workpieces by continuously alkali washing fin cutting is characterized in that: the chest that described hot blast drying chamber (9) is provided with heating tube and can dries on four sides.
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