CN101675233B - 微引燃喷射式燃气发动机 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种微引燃喷射式燃气发动机,在起动时将发动机的运转状态带入间歇运转,以能够使起动时的空燃比的控制高精度化,并缩短或除去暖机运转的时间。该微引燃喷射式燃气发动机具有:能够自如变更通往各工作缸的可燃气体通路的通路面积和开闭期间的气体开闭阀、检测发动机转速的转速检测器、根据发动机的各工作缸的筒内压力检测每个工作缸的燃烧状态的燃烧诊断装置和根据发动机转速而动作的阀间歇动作控制装置,该阀间歇动作控制装置在燃气发动机的起动时根据发动机转速的检测值间歇开闭所述气体开闭阀,并且根据来自所述燃烧诊断装置的各工作缸的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形以使各工作缸的空燃比达到目标值的开闭间隔使所述气体开闭阀间歇开闭。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种将由从设于副室内的燃料喷射阀向副室内喷射的可燃气体的燃烧产生的点火火焰,通过联络孔向主燃烧室喷出,使该主燃烧室中预混合的混合气燃烧的微引燃喷射式燃气发动机中通过控制气体开闭阀的开闭而在起动时控制空燃比的控制机构。
背景技术
燃气发动机一般将可燃气体和空气预混合并送入主燃烧室,通过由具有燃料喷射阀的微引燃喷射式等点火装置产生的点火火焰将其点火燃烧,由于进行稀薄混合气体燃烧,发动机的起动性与其他发动机相比困难,因此为了提高起动性而采用了各种手段。
图5是表示以往技术的微引燃喷射式燃气发动机的起动方法的一例的流程图。根据图5,说明微引燃喷射式燃气发动机的起动方法。
在图5中,当从发动机控制装置发出起动指令(步骤(1)),则首先,发动机进行1/2跳过点火(skip fire)间歇运转(步骤(2))。
所谓间歇运转,如图3所示,在(A)的1/2间歇运转中,供给燃料的点火运转(图3(1)的1)和遮断燃料的不点火运转(图3(1)的0)在每个循环中反复交替进行,在主燃烧室内反复进行点火-不点火的变动。
另外,在1/5跳过点火间歇运转中,供给燃料的点火运转(图3(2)的1)和遮断燃料的不点火运转(图3(2)的0)以五个循环加入一次不点火运转(图4(2)的0)的方式在每个循环中反复进行。即,在主燃烧室内反复进行4次点火-1次不点火的变动。
接着,在进行所述1/2跳过点火间歇运转的同时,将发动机转速提高到预先设定的起动转速N(空转转速)的80%(80%N)(步骤(3))。
该阶段,使用计时器进行3分钟的暖机运转(步骤(4)、(5))。
接着,将旋转提高到所述起动转速的90%(90%N)(步骤(6))。
接着,向所述1/5跳过点火间歇运转转移,增加燃料供给次数(跳过点火五次中跳过一次)(步骤(7))。之后,将旋转提高到所述起动转速的100%(100%N)(步骤(8))。
然后,在所述起动转速的100%(100%N)下检测到发动机负载的10%后(步骤(9)),进入起动转速的100%(100%N)下的通常运转(步骤(10))。
另外,在专利文献1(特开平9-14057号公报)中,设置连通主燃烧室的燃料供给通路和连通副室的副燃料供给通路,在该副燃料供给通路上设置与发动机的起动操作开始同时开阀并与经过时间成正比地增加阀的宽度、直到全开的转换阀(throw open valve),通过打开该转换阀,而将副室内的混合气的空燃比保持在能够在一定时间燃烧的范围,提高起动性。
但是,上述以往技术存在下面的要解决的问题点。
即,上述四循环燃气发动机,将可燃气体和空气预混合并送入燃烧室,通过由微引燃喷射式构成的点火装置产生的点火火焰进行点火燃烧,进行稀薄混合气体燃烧,所以在起动时的发动机转速的变动存在变化而难以稳定的倾向。
四循环燃气发动机为了确保所需要的点火性能,需要使主燃烧室内的可燃气体和空气的混合比、即空燃比接近理论混合比。但是在起动时当低速运转时,必要的气体量少,另一方面,由活塞行程容积决定主燃烧室内的空气量,故空气多的状态即空燃比变大。
关于该空燃比变大的情况,在使用火花塞的电点火方式的燃气发动机中,采用在供气线上加入节流器、以减低供给空气量的方法,但是在微引燃喷射式燃气发动机中不能采用该方法。
因此,微引燃喷射式燃气发动机中,根据图5的方法,交织进行1/2跳过点火间歇运转和1/5跳过点火间歇运转,增加起动时的可燃气体的量(即可燃气体变动量),控制起动时的空燃比。
但是,在图5的方法中,不论发动机的状态如何,当起动指令发出,则发动机进入1/2跳过点火间歇运转,将发动机转速提高到预先设定的起动转速N(空转转速)的80%(80%N),在该阶段使用计时器进行3分钟的暖机运转。接着,将旋转提高到所述起动转速的90%(90%N)。
即,在图5的方法中,不论发动机的燃烧状态如何,交织进行1/2跳过点火间歇运转和1/5跳过点火间歇运转,上升到起动转速,进而在中间进行3分钟的暖机运转,所以无法将发动机的运转状态用于间歇运转的数据,另外,将面临暖机运转的时间缩短的问题。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述问题而研发的,其目的在于提供一种微引燃喷射式燃气发动机,在起动时将发动机的运转状态带入间歇运转,以能够使起动时的空燃比的控制高精度化,并缩短或除去暖机运转的时间。
本发明为了达成该目的,将来自可燃气体通路的可燃气体和空气预混合并送入主燃烧室,并且使由从燃料喷射阀向副室内喷射的液体燃料的燃烧产生的点火火焰通过将所述副室和主燃烧室连接的联络孔向该主燃烧室喷出,从而使该主燃烧室的预混合混合气燃烧,其特征在于,具有:设于通往所述各工作缸的可燃气体通路上且能够自如变更该可燃气体通路的通路面积和开闭期间的气体开闭阀、检测发动机转速的转速检测器、根据发动机的各工作缸的筒内压力检测各工作缸的燃烧状态的燃烧诊断装置和输入来自所述转速检测器的发动机转速并根据该发动机转速而动作的阀间歇动作控制装置,所述阀间歇动作控制装置在所述燃气发动机起动时根据发动机转速的检测值间歇开闭所述气体开闭阀,并且根据来自所述燃烧诊断装置的各工作缸的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形以使各工作缸的空燃比达到目标值的开闭间隔使所述气体开闭阀间歇开闭(第一方面)。
在该发明中,优选地,所述阀间歇动作控制装置以使空燃比达到目标值的方式使各工作缸的气体开闭阀顺次间歇开闭(第二方面)。
另外,在该发明中,优选地,所述阀间歇动作控制装置在存在来自所述燃烧诊断装置的各工作缸的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形未达到目标值的工作缸时,以第一间隔使该气体开闭阀间歇开闭,在该检测波形全部达到目标值的情况下,以开度比例比所述第一间隔大的第二间隔使该气体开闭阀间歇开闭(第三方面)。
根据本发明,由于:设置有设于通往所述各工作缸的可燃气体通路上且能够自如变更该可燃气体通路的通路面积和开闭期间的气体开闭阀、检测发动机转速的转速检测器、根据发动机的各工作缸的筒内压力检测各工作缸的燃烧状态的燃烧诊断装置和输入来自所述转速检测器的发动机转速并根据该发动机转速而动作的阀间歇动作控制装置,
所述阀间歇动作控制装置在燃气发动机起动时根据发动机转速的检测值间歇开闭气体开闭阀,并且根据来自所述燃烧诊断装置的各工作缸的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形以使各工作缸的空燃比达到目标值的开闭间隔使气体开闭阀间歇开闭(第一方面),
所以:起动指令后,在主燃烧室内,通过以规定开闭间隔开闭气体开闭阀,从而产生伴随着气体开闭阀的间歇开闭的、例如1/2跳过点火间歇运转的点火-不点火的气体变动量的压力波。
并且,所述阀间歇动作控制装置,在所述燃烧诊断装置根据发动机的各工作缸的筒内压力检测各工作缸的燃烧状态,并根据每个工作缸的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形,从该检测波形的状态判断燃烧状态,决定所述气体开闭阀的开闭间隔例如1/2跳过点火间歇运转时的点火-不点火的循环数,以该开闭间隔进行间歇开闭,从而形成适合于所述检测波形的空燃比。
另外,这种情况下,可以以使空燃比达到目标值的方式使各工作缸的气体开闭阀顺次间歇开闭(第二方面)。
因此,所述气体开闭阀在发动机的起动时,来自燃烧诊断装置的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形始终被输入阀间歇动作控制装置,依据来自该燃烧诊断装置的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形,以达到适合于检测波形的空燃比的开闭间隔进行开闭,这样起动时的空燃比的控制通过气体开闭阀的开闭间隔的设定得以高精度化。
另外,根据以上的高精度控制,不需要暖机运转,能够缩短发动机的起动时间。
另外,由于:所述阀间歇动作控制装置在存在来自所述燃烧诊断装置的各工作缸的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形未达到目标值的工作缸时,以第一间隔使该气体开闭阀间歇开闭,在该检测波形全部达到目标值的情况下,以开度比例比所述第一间隔大的第二间隔使该气体开闭阀间歇开闭(第三方面),
所以:关于来自燃烧诊断装置的各工作缸的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形未达到目标值的工作缸,例如,在1/2跳过点火间歇运转中,供给燃料的点火运转(图3(1)的1)和遮断燃料的不点火运转(图3(1)的0)在每个循环中反复交替进行。
在存在燃烧弱的工作缸的情况下,使该工作缸直到燃烧稳定化,持续进行第一间隔即1/2跳过点火间歇运转,以与燃烧状态检测值的检测波形一致。另外,当各工作缸的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形达到目标值的情况下,直接地、以开度比例比所述第一间隔高的第二间隔例如1/5跳过点火间歇运转对气体开闭阀进行间歇开闭动作。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施例的四循环燃气发动机的整体结构图。
图2是表示本发明的实施例的微引燃喷射式燃气发动机的起动方法的一例的流程图。
图3是所述微引燃喷射式燃气发动机的起动动作的工作缸其他配置表。
图4是燃烧诊断装置的检测结果的一例。
图5是表示以往技术的微引燃喷射式燃气发动机的起动方法的一例的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下,采用图示的实施例详细说明本发明。其中,该实施例中所记载的构成部件的尺寸、材质、形状、其相对配置等,只要没有特别的记载,不代表本发明的保护范围限定于此,仅是单纯的说明例。
图1是本发明的实施例的四循环燃气发动机的整体结构图。
图1中,附图标记100表示的发动机(燃气发动机)为微引燃喷射式四循环燃气发动机,其设置有往复滑动自如地嵌合在工作缸102a内的活塞102、在所述活塞102的上表面和工作缸102a的内表面之间划分形成的主燃烧室101、与该主燃烧室101连接的吸气孔103、开闭该吸气孔103的吸气阀104等。106为工作缸盖。
在所述吸气孔103的上游设置有气体混合器110,将通过可燃气体管109供给的可燃气体和空气由该气体混合器110预混合。然后,该预混合的混合气由所述节流阀(省略图示)的开度控制调整流量,经由吸气孔103而达到吸气阀104,通过该吸气阀104的开阀而被供给所述主燃烧室101。
在此,1为气体开闭阀,其能够自如变更所述可燃气体管109的通路面积和开闭期间。
另外,10为副室管底,在该副室管底10的内部形成有副室12。14为喷嘴架,在该喷嘴架14内部设置有燃料喷射阀13。15为液体燃料(轻油)的入口管,液体燃料从所述入口管15到达燃料喷射阀13。
并且,在所述吸气行程中,从所述燃料喷射阀13对从主燃烧室101通过联络孔11而导入所述副室12内的预混合的混合气中喷射液体燃料而燃烧,由该燃烧产生的点火火焰通过所述联络孔11而向该主燃烧室101环流喷出,使该主燃烧室101的预混合的混合气燃烧。
以上的结构,与以往的微引燃喷射式燃气发动机同样。本发明致力于该燃气发动机的起动性的提高。
如上所述,气体开闭阀1能够自如变更所述可燃气体管109的通路面积和开闭期间。
2为阀开闭动作控制装置,使该气体开闭阀1进行开闭动作。
在该阀开闭动作控制装置2中输入检测发动机100的转速的转速检测器4、以及根据发动机的各工作缸的筒内压力检测各工作缸的燃烧状态的燃烧诊断装置3的诊断结果。5为检测发动机的各工作缸的筒内压力的筒内压力检测器5,来自该筒内压力检测器5的筒内压力检测信号被输入所述燃烧诊断装置3。
接着,参照图2~图4说明本发明的动作。
图2是本发明的实施方式的微引燃喷射式燃气发动机的起动方法的一例的流程图,图3是上述微引燃喷射式燃气发动机的起动动作的工作缸其他配置表,图4是燃烧诊断装置的检测结果的一例。
在图2中,当起动指令从发动机控制装置发出(步骤(1)),首先发动机进行1/2跳过点火间歇运转(步骤(2))。
所谓间歇运转,如上所述,在图3(A)的1/2间歇运转中,供给燃料的点火运转(图3(1)的1)和遮断燃料的不点火运转(图3(1)的0)在每个循环中反复交替进行,在主燃烧室内反复进行点火一不点火的变动。
另外,在1/5跳过点火间歇运转中,供给燃料的点火运转(图3(2)的1)和遮断燃料的不点火运转(图3(2)的0)以五个循环加入一次不点火运转(图4(2)的0)的方式在每个循环中反复进行。即,在主燃烧室内反复进行4次点火-1次不点火的变动。
接着,在进行所述1/2跳过点火间歇运转(步骤(2))的同时,将发动机转速提高到预先设定的起动转速N(空转转速)的90%(90%N)(步骤(3))(步骤(6))。
然后,在起动指令中,以该90%N,根据来自燃烧诊断装置3的数据测算发动机100的燃烧状态(步骤(11)。
即,所述阀间歇动作控制装置2,在所述燃烧诊断装置3中根据发动机的各工作缸的筒内压力检测器5检测各工作缸的燃烧状态,根据该每个工作缸的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形,从该检测波形的状态判断燃烧状态。即,图4的A所示的筒内压力为标准的筒内压力(压力P1)的情况。与其相对,如图4的B所示,在筒内压力(压力P0)降低的情况下,判断为异常。
所述燃烧诊断装置3中诊断结果正常的情况下,即,图4的A所示的筒内压力为标准的筒内压力(压力P1),转移到所述1/5跳过点火间歇运转,增加燃料供给次数(跳过点火五次中跳过一次)(步骤(12))。
另外,如图4的B所示,在筒内压力(压力P0)降低的情况下,判断该工作缸的燃烧中有较弱的部分,继续所述1/2跳过点火间歇运转,使燃烧稳定化(步骤(13))。
即,在燃烧诊断装置3中以到达适合于检测波形的空燃比的、该气体开闭阀1的间歇开闭间隔,改变1/2跳过点火间歇运转的点火-不点火的间隔而生产气体变动量的压力波,从而进行起动时的空燃比的控制。
另外,以到达适合于所述检测波形的空燃比的方式来决定所述气体开闭阀1的开闭间隔、例如1/2跳过点火间歇运转时点火-不点火的循环数,并以该开闭间隔使气体开闭阀1间歇开闭。
当与所述燃烧诊断装置3的检测波形一致时,则将旋转提高到所述起动转速的100%(100%N)(步骤(8))。
并且,在所述起动转速的100%(100%N)下检测到发动机负载的10%后(步骤(9)),进入起动转速的100%(100%N)下的通常运转(步骤(10))。
这种情况下,通过所述控制机构,以使空燃比到达目标值的方式间歇开闭各工作缸的气体开闭阀1。这样,则任一个工作缸的主燃烧室101都同样被暖机运转,所以能够抑制工作缸的燃烧的平衡。
如以上,根据本发明的实施例,
起动指令后,在主燃烧室101内以所述开闭间隔开闭气体开闭阀1,从而产生伴随着气体开闭阀1的间歇开闭的例如1/2跳过点火间歇运转的点火一不点火的气体变动量的压力波。
并且,所述阀间歇动作控制装置2在所述燃烧诊断装置3中,由发动机100的各工作缸的筒内压力检测器5根据筒内压力检测每个工作缸的燃烧状态,根据该每个工作缸的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形,从该检测波形的状态判断燃烧状态。
并且,以到达适合于所述燃烧状态检测值的检测波形的空燃比的方式来决定所述气体开闭阀1的开闭间隔例如1/2跳过点火间歇运转时的点火-不点火的循环数,并以该开闭间隔将气体开闭阀1间歇开闭。
因此,所述气体开闭阀1在发动机的起动时,来自燃烧诊断装置3的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形始终被输入阀间歇动作控制装置2,依据来自该燃烧诊断装置3的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形,以达到适合于检测波形的空燃比的开闭间隔进行开闭,这样起动时的空燃比的控制通过气体开闭阀1的开闭间隔的设定得以高精度化。
另外,通过以上的高精度控制,不需要暖机运转,能够缩短发动机100的起动时间。
产业上的可利用性
根据本发明,在微引燃喷射式燃气发动机中,能够提供在起动时将发动机的运转状态带入间歇运转,以能够使起动时的空燃比的控制高精度化,并缩短或除去暖机运转的时间的微引燃喷射式燃气发动机。
Claims (2)
1.一种微引燃喷射式燃气发动机,其将来自可燃气体通路的可燃气体和空气进行预混合并向发动机的各工作缸的主燃烧室送入,并且使由从燃料喷射阀向副室内喷射的液体燃料的燃烧产生的点火火焰通过将所述各工作缸的副室和主燃烧室连接的联络孔向该主燃烧室喷出,从而使该主燃烧室的预混合混合气燃烧,
所述微引燃喷射式燃气发动机的特征在于,其具有:
设于通往所述各工作缸的可燃气体通路上且能够自如变更该可燃气体通路的通路面积和开闭期间的气体开闭阀;
检测发动机转速的转速检测器;
根据发动机的各工作缸的筒内压力检测每个工作缸的燃烧状态的燃烧诊断装置;
输入来自所述转速检测器的发动机转速并根据该发动机转速而动作的阀间歇动作控制装置,
其中,
所述阀间歇动作控制装置在所述燃气发动机起动时根据发动机转速的检测值间歇开闭所述气体开闭阀,并且根据来自所述燃烧诊断装置的各工作缸的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形以使各工作缸的空燃比达到目标值的开闭间隔使所述气体开闭阀间歇开闭,
并且,所述阀间歇动作控制装置在存在来自所述燃烧诊断装置的各工作缸的燃烧状态检测值的检测波形未达到目标值的工作缸时,以第一间隔使该气体开闭阀间歇开闭,在该检测波形全部达到目标值的情况下,以开度比例比所述第一间隔大的第二间隔使该气体开闭阀间歇开闭。
2.如权利要求1所述的微引燃喷射式燃气发动机,其特征在于,
所述阀间歇动作控制装置以使空燃比达到目标值的方式使各工作缸的气体开闭阀顺次间歇开闭。
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