CN101670385A - Pulse current assisted extrusion forming device and extrusion forming method - Google Patents
Pulse current assisted extrusion forming device and extrusion forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101670385A CN101670385A CN200910072772A CN200910072772A CN101670385A CN 101670385 A CN101670385 A CN 101670385A CN 200910072772 A CN200910072772 A CN 200910072772A CN 200910072772 A CN200910072772 A CN 200910072772A CN 101670385 A CN101670385 A CN 101670385A
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Abstract
A pulse current assisted extrusion forming device and an extrusion forming method relate to an extrusion forming device and a method thereof. The invention solves the problems that the existing extrusion forming device is great in heat loss, and long in heating time, and the existing extrusion forming method is complicated in technical process flow, low in work efficiency and non-homogenous in distribution of density of the current produced inside the blank on the cross-section and easy to cause skin effect. A current-conducting female mold of the device is arranged in a mold cavity of an insulating outer film; a current-conducting male mold and the current-conducting female mold are used as electrodes and connected on a high frequency pulse power source; the pressure within the range of 5-200MPa is applied to the current-conducting male mold by an upper pressure head according to a yield strength value at the temperature selected by the blank to be formed so that the blank is extrudedto be a required shape by the mold after plastic extrusion deformation; the device has high heating speed and improves the work efficiency; and the method uses the heat effect of pulse current and the electro-plastic effect, thereby obviously improving the forming efficiency of the blank, increasing the material plasticity and saving the energy resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extrusion molding apparatus and utilize this device to carry out the method for extrusion molding.
Background technology
Extrusion molding is that the metal stock that will be placed in mould cavity or the recipient is applied external force, forces metal to be extruded from nib, obtains the shape and size of required section, has the plastic processing method of the extruding product of certain mechanical property.Extruding can be divided into cold extrusion, warm extrusion pressure and hot extrusion according to the temperature classification of extrusion billet.Existing warm extrusion is pressed or hot-pressed (below the recrystallization temperature of metal, in the above temperature range of recovery temperature or the crimp of carrying out more than recrystallization temperature), relates to complicated heating process.Usually in engineering, the method that before extruding blank is heated has:
One, flame heat: utilize fuel to produce the high-temperature gas (flame) contain a large amount of heat energy in the heating furnace internal combustion, give blank surface thermal energy transfer by convection current, radiation, the heat conduction by from outward appearance to inner essence makes metal stock be heated to predetermined temperature.Flame heat convenient sources, heating furnace cost be lower, to the wide adaptability of blank etc., therefore be widely used.Its shortcoming is: working condition is relatively poor, firing rate is slow, the difficult control of furnace temp, also has bigger iron loss (burn out rate is more than 3%), and environment is also had considerable influence.
Two, electrical heating:
The heating of 1 induced electricity: the induced electricity heating is that alternating current produces the induction alternating magnetic field by induction coil, and then induces alternating electric field.Metal stock is placed electric field, in blank, produce induced-current and reach the purpose of heating.Characteristics are that firing rate is fast, oxidization burning loss is few (less than 0.5%), thermal efficiency height, furnace temperature are controlled, easily are automated heating.Shortcoming be the inner current density that produces of blank at the section skewness, the center current density is little, the top layer current density is big, promptly produces collection skin phenomenon, causes that temperature differs in the blank table, overheated, burning that the top layer easily produces.
2, resistance furnace heating: the resistance furnace heating is to utilize electric current to feed the interior heat that electric heating element produced of stove, comes the heating of metal blank in the mode that radiation and convection conducts heat, and the form of its heating and the type of furnace and flame heat are similar.It is to the wide adaptability of blank, and special the adaptation heated the non-ferrous metal blank.Shortcoming is the restriction that its heating-up temperature is subjected to electric heating element, the thermal efficiency is more much lower than induced electricity mode of heating, and firing rate is also slower, after blank heating finishes, heating back blank need be sent into mold cavity or recipient, can cause certain thermal losses owing to the blank surface heat radiation in course of conveying.
In sum, the mode of mould and blank reception heat mainly is heat radiation and heat conduction in the heating process of existing extrusion molding, the heat transmission speed is slower, in order to make blank reach uniform forming temperature, heat time heating time is often very long, reach 1 to a few hours according to the unusual of technology, so the efficiency of heating surface of mode of heating is low; Heating back blank is admitted in mold cavity or the recipient, causes technological process to increase and more thermal losses, certainly will cause the poor efficiency and the high energy consumption of whole extrusion forming process; The problem that existing extrusion molding apparatus exists is as follows: thermal losses is big, heat time heating time is long;
Cross low capacity usage ratio, long heat time heating time, too much technological process and caused existing extrusion forming process to have big energy consumption, inefficient shortcoming, these all are unfavorable for large-scale promotion and application.
Summary of the invention
The present invention exists in order to solve existing extrusion molding apparatus that thermal losses is big, heat time heating time is long and the inner current density that produces of existing extrusion forming method technological process complexity, inefficiency and blank at the section skewness, easily produce the problem of collection skin phenomenon, and then proposed auxiliary extrusion molding apparatus of a kind of pulse current and extrusion forming method.
The device of the auxiliary extrusion molding of pulse current of the present invention comprises high frequency pulse power supply, body of heater, vacuum system, pressue device and mould; The intracavity inter-connection of vacuum system and body of heater, mould is made up of insulation adventitia, conduction punch and conduction die, pressue device is made up of seaming chuck and push-down head, the lower end of seaming chuck is arranged on the top in the body of heater, push-down head is arranged on the bottom in the body of heater, the lower end of conduction die is arranged on the upper surface of push-down head, the upper end of conduction punch is connected with the lower surface of seaming chuck, the conduction die places the die cavity of insulation adventitia, and conduction punch and conduction die are connected on the high frequency pulse power supply as electrode.
The auxiliary pressing method of pulse current of the present invention is realized according to following steps:
Step 1: the die cavity that blank to be formed is placed conduction punch and conduction die formation, adjust the pressure of seaming chuck and push-down head, force value remains between 1～5Mpa, keeps blank to be formed, conduction punch, conduction die three closely to contact, to form power circuit;
Step 2: will vacuumize in the body of heater by vacuum system, keep the interior pressure of body of heater 10
-2～10
-3Between the Pa; The voltage of high frequency pulse power supply output is that 0～20V, electric current are 0～3000A.
Step 3: the frequency according to material melting point, resistance and the blank cross sectional dimensions strobe pulse power supply of blank to be formed is 1～5000HZ, the pulse current output waveform for linear, fall or square wave suddenly, pulse current density is 5～50A/mm
2, the pulse current size is 0～3000A;
Step 4: connect power supply according to the selected pulse current parameters, electric current is circulated between conduction punch, blank and conduction die, blank to be formed is heated by default 0.5～100 ℃/s of programming rate;
Step 5: when blank to be formed is heated to its forming temperature≤1600 ℃, according to the selected temperature lower yield strength of blank to be formed value, exert pressure to the conduction punch by seaming chuck, pressure limit is 5～200MPa, makes blank generation plasticity crimp after mould is squeezed into required form;
Step 6: through heat-insulation pressure keeping, after extrusion process is finished, deenergization, it is constant to keep former pressure, gets final product with the stove cooling.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the conduction punch of apparatus of the present invention is connected on the high frequency pulse power supply as electrode with conduction is recessed, utilizing high-frequency pulse current to flow through, blank produced that a joule resistance heat directly heats blank itself, avoided conventional blank to add the thermal loss of heat loss on parts such as body of heater, mould, firing rate is fast, capacity usage ratio is high, thermal efficiency height; Apparatus structure compactness of the present invention, easy to use, can realize automation heating; Device of the present invention only need mold exchange more just can be on same equipment production shape, product that dimensions is different with kind, flexibility is big, production efficiency is high; Device wide adaptability of the present invention, the extrusion molding that can be applicable to all kinds of conductive materials is processed; Need not to send into mold cavity or recipient after the method blank heating of the present invention, avoided the heat leakage of blank course of conveying, greatly reduce the consumption of the energy, technological process is simple, equipment investment is less; Method of the present invention is utilized the high frequency pulse power supply heating, and the inner current density that produces of blank is evenly distributed at section, and temperature unanimity in the blank table does not have collection skin phenomenon and produces; Method of the present invention is in deformation process, blank inside is connected with high-frequency pulse current, produce " electric plasticity " effect, can further promote the plastic property of blank, reduce the resistance of deformation of blank, improve forming limit, and eliminate the residual stress of product to a certain extent, make extruded product dimensional accuracy height, surface quality good; Method of the present invention is utilized the fuel factor and the electric plastic effect of pulse current, can significantly improve forming efficiency, increase material plasticity, the saving energy of blank.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, the device of present embodiment comprises high frequency pulse power supply 7, body of heater 9, vacuum system 10, pressue device and mould; The intracavity inter-connection of vacuum system 10 and body of heater 9, mould is made up of insulation adventitia 2, conduction punch 3 and conduction die 4, pressue device is made up of seaming chuck 6 and push-down head 8, the lower end of seaming chuck 6 is arranged on the top in the body of heater 9, push-down head 8 is arranged on the bottom in the body of heater 9, the lower end of conduction die 4 is arranged on the upper surface of push-down head 8, the upper end of conduction punch 3 is connected with the lower surface of seaming chuck 6, conduction die 4 places the die cavity of insulation adventitia 2, and conduction punch 3 and conduction die 4 are connected on the high frequency pulse power supply 7 as electrode.Conduction punch 3 is a top electrode, and conduction die 4 is a bottom electrode, and described high frequency pulse power supply 7, conduction punch 3, conduction die 4 and blank to be formed 5 form power circuit.
The specific embodiment two: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, present embodiment insulation adventitia 2 is made by ceramic material, and the external mold of insulating ceramic materials can not shunted the electric current of the blank to be formed of flowing through, and reduces energy loss.Other composition is identical with the specific embodiment one with connected mode.
The specific embodiment three: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, the described extrusion molding apparatus of present embodiment also comprises far infrared temperature measurer 1, and infrared radiation thermometer 1 is provided with probe 1-1, and probe 1-1 is arranged in the body of heater 9.Measure the temperature of blank to be formed in real time by the far infrared temperature measurer.Other composition is identical with the specific embodiment one or two with connected mode.
The specific embodiment four: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, the processing step of present embodiment extrusion forming method is as follows:
Step 1: the die cavity that blank 5 to be formed is placed conduction punch 3 and conduction die 4 formations, adjust the pressure of seaming chuck 6 and push-down head 8, force value remains between 1～5Mpa, keeps blank 5 to be formed, conduction punch 3, conduction die 4 threes closely to contact, to form power circuit;
Step 2: will vacuumize in the body of heater 9 by vacuum system 10, the pressure in the maintenance body of heater 9 is 10
-2～10
-3Between the Pa; The voltage of high frequency pulse power supply 7 outputs is that 0～20V, electric current are 0～3000A.
Step 3: the frequency according to material melting point, resistance and the blank cross sectional dimensions strobe pulse power supply of blank 5 to be formed is 1～5000HZ, the pulse current output waveform for linear, fall or square wave suddenly, pulse current density is 5～50A/mm
2, the pulse current size is 0～3000A; So that realize in the blank heating process according to (0.5～100 ℃/s) heat up of default programming rate;
Step 4: connect power supply according to the selected pulse current parameters, make electric current, blank 5 to be formed is heated by default 0.5～100 ℃/s of programming rate in conduction punch 3, blank 5 and 4 circulations of conduction die;
Step 5: when blank 5 to be formed is heated to its forming temperature≤1600 ℃, according to blank 5 selected temperature lower yield strength values to be formed, exert pressure to conduction punch 3 by seaming chuck 6, pressure limit is 5～200MPa, makes blank generation plasticity crimp after mould is squeezed into required form;
Step 6: through heat-insulation pressure keeping, after extrusion process is finished, deenergization, it is constant to keep former pressure, gets final product with the stove cooling.
The specific embodiment five: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, measure the temperature of blank 5 to be formed in the present embodiment step 2 in real time by infrared radiation thermometer 1, and adjust the output high-frequency pulse current parameter of high frequency pulse power supply in real time according to its temperature, when temperature is higher than predetermined temperature, reduce current value, keep the test temperature value to keep constant.The resistance of blank 5 to be formed will be far longer than the resistance of loop other parts in described loop, the a large amount of Joule heat of generation on blank 5 to be formed so high-frequency electrical pulses fails to be convened for lack of a quorum, blank 5 to be formed can be heated to the Plastic Forming temperature in several seconds to tens seconds, other is identical with the specific embodiment four.
The specific embodiment six: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, selecting frequency in the present embodiment step 3 is the pulse power of 3000～5000HZ.Other is identical with the specific embodiment four.
The specific embodiment seven: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, the pulse current output density is 10～45A/mm in the present embodiment step 3
2Other is identical with the specific embodiment four.
The specific embodiment eight: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, the firing rate in the present embodiment step 4 is 2～90 ℃/s.Other is identical with the specific embodiment four.
The specific embodiment nine: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, exerting pressure to conduction punch 3 in the present embodiment step 5 is 10～200MPa.Other is identical with the specific embodiment four.
The specific embodiment ten: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, the present embodiment step 2 medium-high frequency pulse power 7 output LOW voltages are 4～15V.Other is identical with the specific embodiment four.
Content of the present invention is not limited only to the content of the respective embodiments described above, and the combination of one of them or several specific embodiment equally also can realize the purpose of inventing.
Embodiment: blank 5 to be formed is the TiAl alloy, and density is 3.837g/cm
3, fusing point is 1753k, the cross-sectional area of blank 5 to be formed is 250mm
2, precompression is 2Mpa, the current parameters of selection: pulse power frequency is 3000HZ, the pulse current output waveform is a square waveform, current density 11.1A/mm
2, electric current is 2800A.Be heated to 1200 ℃ with 40 ℃/s speed, be incubated after 2 minutes, be forced into 40Mpa with 0.8mm/s speed, heat-insulation pressure keeping 1 minute obtains cross-sectional area and narrows down to 36mm
2, the extrusion of long 20mm.
Claims (10)
1, the auxiliary extrusion molding apparatus of a kind of pulse current, described extrusion molding apparatus comprises high frequency pulse power supply (7), body of heater (9), vacuum system (10), pressue device and mould; It is characterized in that: the intracavity inter-connection of vacuum system (10) and body of heater (9), mould is by insulation adventitia (2), conduction punch (3) and conduction die (4) are formed, pressue device is made up of seaming chuck (6) and push-down head (8), the lower end of seaming chuck (6) is arranged on the top in the body of heater (9), push-down head (8) is arranged on the bottom in the body of heater (9), the lower end of conduction die (4) is arranged on the upper surface of push-down head (8), the upper end of conduction punch (3) is connected with the lower surface of seaming chuck (6), conduction die (4) places the die cavity of insulation adventitia (2), and conduction punch (3) and conduction die (4) are connected on the high frequency pulse power supply (7) as electrode.
2, the auxiliary extrusion molding apparatus of a kind of pulse current according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: insulation adventitia (2) is made by ceramic material.
3, the auxiliary extrusion molding apparatus of a kind of pulse current according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described extrusion molding apparatus also comprises far infrared temperature measurer (1), infrared radiation thermometer (1) is provided with probe (1-1), and probe (1-1) is arranged in the body of heater (9).
4, a kind of method of utilizing claim 1,2 or 3 device to carry out the auxiliary extrusion molding of electric pulse is characterized in that the processing step of method of extrusion molding is as follows:
Step 1: the die cavity that blank to be formed (5) is placed conduction punch (3) and conduction die (4) formation, adjust the pressure of seaming chuck (6) and push-down head (8), force value remains between 1～5Mpa, keep blank to be formed (5), conduction punch (3), conduction die (4) three closely to contact, to form power circuit;
Step 2: will vacuumize in the body of heater (9) by vacuum system (10), keep the interior pressure of body of heater (9) 10
-2～10
-3Between the Pa; The voltage of high frequency pulse power supply 7 outputs is that 0～20V, electric current are 0～3000A.
Step 3: the frequency according to material melting point, resistance and the blank cross sectional dimensions strobe pulse power supply of blank to be formed (5) is 1～5000HZ, the pulse current output waveform for linear, fall or square wave suddenly, pulse current density is 5～50A/mm
2, the pulse current size is 0～3000A;
Step 4: connect power supply according to the selected pulse current parameters, make electric current circulation between conduction punch (3), blank (5) and conduction die (4), blank to be formed (5) is heated by default 0.5～100 ℃/s of programming rate;
Step 5: when blank to be formed (5) is heated to its forming temperature≤1600 ℃, according to the selected temperature lower yield strength of blank to be formed (5) value, exert pressure to conduction punch (3) by seaming chuck (6), pressure limit is 5～200MPa, makes blank generation plasticity crimp after mould is squeezed into required form;
Step 6: through heat-insulation pressure keeping, after extrusion process is finished, deenergization, it is constant to keep former pressure, gets final product with the stove cooling.
5, the method for the auxiliary extrusion molding of electric pulse according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the temperature of measuring blank to be formed (5) in the step 2 by infrared radiation thermometer (1) in real time, and adjust the output high-frequency pulse current parameter of high frequency pulse power supply in real time according to its temperature, when temperature is higher than predetermined temperature, reduce current value, keep the test temperature value to keep constant.
6, the method for the auxiliary extrusion molding of electric pulse according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: selecting frequency in the step 3 is the pulse power of 3000～5000HZ.
7, the method for the auxiliary extrusion molding of electric pulse according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the pulse current output density is 10～45A/mm in the step 3
2
8, the method for the auxiliary extrusion molding of electric pulse according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the firing rate in the step 4 is 2～90 ℃/s.
9, the method for the auxiliary extrusion molding of electric pulse according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: exerting pressure to conduction punch (3) in the step 5 is 10～200MPa.
10, the method for the auxiliary extrusion molding of electric pulse according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the step 2 medium-high frequency pulse power (7) output LOW voltage is 4～15V.
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