Background technology
But the ZSM-5 molecular sieve is because of the acid site with suitable pore passage structure modulation, good thermostability and hydrothermal stability and outstanding shape selective catalysis effect, be one of present most important molecular sieve catalytic material, be widely used in catalytic fields such as refining of petroleum, petrochemical complex, Coal Chemical Industry and fine chemistry industry.But because the ZSM-5 molecular sieve belongs to mesopore zeolite, the duct size is less, and the diffusional resistance of the larger-size molecule of kinetics in its duct increases, and has limited its application in the bulky molecular catalysis reaction to a certain extent.Solution to this problem mainly contains two kinds at present, and a kind of is to introduce meso-hole structure in ZSM-5 microporous molecular sieve structure, is formed with the transmission path that is beneficial to the macromolecular cpd diffusion, reduces its diffusional resistance; Another kind method is exactly the synthetic ZSM-5 molecular sieve of nanoscale that has.Though in ZSM-5 microporous molecular sieve structure, introduce the diffusion that meso-hole structure can improve product to a certain extent, but because mesopore molecular sieve does not have acidity or acidity very weak mostly, the acid site number of little mesopore molecular sieve reduces, and its hydrothermal stability is relatively low, therefore, its application is very limited.The crystal size of molecular sieve is reduced to nano level from micron order, and performances such as its mass transfer, heat transfer, absorption and catalysis all can change.Compare with micron order ZSM-5 molecular sieve, nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve has the intracrystalline rate of diffusion of bigger outer surface area and Geng Gao, the duct is short, and there is a large amount of intracrystalline pore (secondary pore), in the utilization ratio that improves catalyzer, strengthen the macromole conversion capability, reduce deep reaction, aspects such as raising selectivity all show more superior performance, in some hydro carbons catalytic conversion reactions, show better active, selectivity and strong anti-coking deactivation ability and sulfur poisoning-resistant ability, therefore, the ZSM-5 molecular sieve synthetic of relevant nanoscale research in recent years seems quite active.
Adopt the existing report of method of different templates agent synthesis of nano ZSM-5 molecular sieve.United States Patent (USP) (US3,926,782) has reported that employing tetrapropyl base oxyammonia (TPAOH) is the method for template synthesis of nano ZSM-5 molecular sieve, and synthesizing grain size is the ZSM-5 zeolite of 5~100nm.The CN1260126C patent report employing n-Butyl Amine 99 be template, under the condition of dynamic crystallization, synthesize the ZSM-5 zeolite of 10-500nm.But all use a large amount of organic amine compounds as template in the process of employing aforesaid method synthesis of nano ZSM-5 molecular sieve, not only cost height but also toxicity are big, also can produce the problem that nano molecular sieve crystal grain is grown up because of sintering in high-temperature roasting template agent removing process.
Although document " Synthesis research of nanosized ZSM-5 zeolites in the absenceof organic template " (Journal of Materials Processing Technology:2008 is arranged, 206,445) reported the method for not having template synthesis of nano ZSM-5 molecular sieve, but this method can only synthesize specific silica alumina ratio (SiO
2/ Al
2O
3Be 50) nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve, work as SiO
2/ Al
2O
3(mol ratio) was greater than or less than 50 o'clock, and stray crystal phases such as mordenite all appear in the crystallization product that obtains, and can't prepare the pure phase nanometer ZSM-5 molecular sieve of high-crystallinity.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method for preparing nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve, the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve for preparing the Different Silicon aluminum ratio by the gelling system of pre-crystallization crystal seed being introduced no template, exist because of there being stray crystals such as mordenite to occur causing to prepare the pure phase nanometer ZSM-5 molecular sieve of high-crystallinity mutually in the no template synthesis method product to solve existing nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve synthetic method, a large amount of organic amine compounds that use cause cost height and toxicity big as template, also can produce the problem that nano molecular sieve crystal grain is grown up because of sintering in high-temperature roasting template agent removing process.
Above-mentioned purpose realizes by following technical scheme:
The preparation method of nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve is realized by following step: one, the preparation of pre-crystallization crystal seed: a, 1 part aluminum isopropylate is added in the deionized water of 42~113 parts tetrapropyl oxyammonia and 28~77 parts by ratio of weight and the number of copies, stir, make A solution; B, the tetraethoxy and the deionized water and stirring of 31~83 parts by weight is even makes B solution; C, stir A solution, add B solution lentamente, add in 20 minutes, stir with the rotating speed of 100~300r/min then and made mixed gel C in 3 hours with the rotating speed of 300~700r/min; D, described mixed gel C is placed the stainless closed reactor that has the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining pad, 12~36 hours postcooling of crystallization are promptly made pre-crystallization crystal seed to room temperature under 130~160 ℃ temperature condition; Two, in 1 part of sodium metaaluminate, add the deionized water of 42~113 parts of silicon sol, 2.8~7.4 parts of NaOH and 124~331 parts by ratio of weight and the number of copies, stir, make mixed gel D; Three, the pre-crystallization crystal seed that in the described mixed gel D of step 2, adds the step 1 preparation again, pre-crystallization crystal seed accounts for mixed gel D gross weight 1%~5%, stir and be placed in the stainless closed reactor that has the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining pad, 160~185 ℃ of following crystallization 12~36 hours, be cooled to room temperature, after centrifuging, washing, drying, roasting, obtain silica alumina ratio then and be 60~160 nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve.
The present invention uses the template of minute quantity in synthetic pre-crystallization seed crystal process, compare with other synthesis of nano ZSM-5 molecular sieve, the template consumption is 1/20~1/50 of other synthetic method, not only solved higher because of the organic formwork agent price, that toxicity is brought more greatly molecular sieve production cost improve, may be to problems such as environment pollute, and brilliant looks, pore structure and the acidity of institute's synthetic nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve can all show and is different from other template synthetic material.In synthesizing ZSM-5 molecular sieve process, need not to add organic formwork agent with nanoscale, only in synthetic system, add the pre-crystallization crystal seed of synthetic in advance that accounts for mixed gel total amount 1~5%, crystallization can prepare the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve of high-crystallinity at short notice, and does not contain the stray crystal phase.Unique existence form of pre-crystallization crystal seed is the key that guarantees to synthesize the ZSM-5 molecular sieve with nanoscale.Adopt commercial powdery nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve to make crystal seed, under the constant situation of crystal seed add-on and other crystallization condition, can only synthesize the ZSM-5 molecular sieve of micro-meter scale, and can not synthesize nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve (the SEM photo as shown in figure 12).The present invention prepares the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve that silica alumina ratio equals 60~160 by the pre-crystallization crystal seed that adds the preparation of a method set by step that accounts for mixed gel D gross weight 1~5% in building-up process, do not need to add again the organic amine template, simplified ageing process, can shorten crystallization time and roasting crystallization product and remove the time of template, not only can reduce production costs significantly, reduce environmental pollution, and avoid crystallization product to lose the problem of nano material characteristic because of long-time roasting is grown up zeolite crystal effectively.What particularly point out is that employing this patent method can design synthesizing Si-Al than the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve an acidic catalyst that changes in relative broad range, have crucial application prospect in fields such as petrochemical complex, fine chemistry industries.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the preparation method of nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve is realized by following step in the present embodiment: one, the preparation of pre-crystallization crystal seed: a, 1 part aluminum isopropylate is added in the deionized water of 42~113 parts tetrapropyl oxyammonia and 28~77 parts by ratio of weight and the number of copies, stir, make A solution; B, the tetraethoxy and the deionized water and stirring of 31~83 parts by weight is even makes B solution; C, stir A solution with the rotating speed of 300~700r/min, add B solution lentamente, add in 20 minutes, stir with the rotating speed of 100~300r/min then and made mixed gel C in 3 hours, mixed gel C is in molar ratio by 1 mole Al
2O
3, 60~160 moles SiO
2, 21.4~57.1 moles TPAOH and 650~1760 moles H
2O forms; D, described mixed gel C is placed the stainless closed reactor that has the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining pad, 12~36 hours postcooling of crystallization are promptly made pre-crystallization crystal seed to room temperature under 130~160 ℃ temperature condition; Two, in 1 part of sodium metaaluminate, add the deionized water of 42~113 parts of silicon sol, 2.8~7.4 parts of NaOH and 124~331 parts by ratio of weight and the number of copies, stir, make in molar ratio by 1 mole of Al
2O
3, 60~160 moles of SiO
2, 7.2~19.2 moles of Na
2O and 1500~4000 moles of H
2The mixed gel D that O forms; Three, in the described mixed gel D of step 2, add the pre-crystallization crystal seed that step 1 makes again, pre-crystallization crystal seed accounts for mixed gel D gross weight 1%~5%, stir and be placed in the stainless closed reactor that has the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining pad, 160~185 ℃ of following crystallization 12~36 hours, be cooled to room temperature, centrifuging then, with deionized water wash to pH value=6~7, under 100~120 ℃ of conditions dry 12~24 hours again, roasting 2~6h under 500~600 ℃ condition then obtains silica alumina ratio and is 60~160 nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve.
The nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve that present embodiment makes is the crystal of height accumulative nanoscale, no stray crystal phase.
Embodiment two: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: crystallization temperature is 130~150 ℃ in the d step of step 1.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: crystallization temperature is 140 ℃ in the d step of step 1.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment four: what present embodiment and embodiment one to three were different is: crystallization time is 16~30 hours in the d step of step 1.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five: what present embodiment and embodiment one to three were different is: crystallization time is 24 hours in the d step of step 1.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one to three.
Embodiment six: what present embodiment and embodiment one to five were different is: crystallization temperature is 170~180 ℃ in the step 3.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one to five.
Embodiment seven: what present embodiment and embodiment one to six were different is: crystallization temperature is 175 ℃ in the step 3.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one to five.
Embodiment eight: what present embodiment and embodiment one to seven were different is: crystallization time is 16~30 hours in the step 3.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one to seven.
Embodiment nine: what present embodiment and embodiment one to eight were different is: crystallization time is 24 hours in the step 3.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one to seven.
Embodiment ten: the preparation method of present embodiment nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve is realized by following step: the preparation method of nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve is as follows in the present embodiment: the silicon sol (SiO that adds 20g in the sodium metaaluminate of 0.362g
2Mass content be 30%), the deionized water of 0.999g NaOH and 30.955g stirs, and makes in molar ratio by 1 mole of Al
2O
3, 60 moles of SiO
2, 7.2 moles of Na
2O and 1500 moles of H
2The mixed gel D that O forms, the pre-crystallization crystal seed that adds mixed gel D gross weight 5% (quality percentage composition) again, stir and be placed in the stainless closed reactor that has the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining pad, 175 ℃ of following crystallization 24 hours, be cooled to room temperature, with product centrifuging, washing, drying, roasting, obtaining silica alumina ratio is the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve of 60 (silica alumina ratio is meant the mol ratio of silicon-dioxide and aluminum oxide), be designated as Z-60 (5%), its XRD spectra and SEM photo are seen Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 respectively.
As shown in Figure 1, be 22.92 ° at 2 θ, 23.78 ° and 24.24 ° of characteristic diffraction peaks of locating all to have the ZSM-5 molecular sieve do not have other stray crystal.What as shown in Figure 2, present embodiment made is to have crystal regular cubic structure, height accumulative nanoscale.
Pre-crystallization crystal seed prepares by following step in the present embodiment: the aluminum isopropylate of 0.128g and the tetrapropyl oxyammonia of 5.413g are added in the deionized water of 0.248g, stir, preparation A solution; The deionized water and stirring of the tetraethoxy of 4.000g and 0.100g is even, preparation B solution; B solution under agitation is added in the A solution lentamente, stirs formation in 3 hours in molar ratio by 1 mole of Al
2O
3, 60 moles of SiO
2, 21.4 moles of TPAOH and 650 moles of H
2O forms mixed gel C; Described mixed gel C is sealed in the stainless steel cauldron of polytetrafluoroethyllining lining pad, takes out after 24 hours in crystallization under 140 ℃ the temperature condition and be cooled to room temperature, obtain pre-crystallization crystal seed.
Embodiment 11: the preparation method of nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve is as follows in the present embodiment: the silicon sol (SiO that adds 20g in the sodium metaaluminate of 0.217g
2Content is 30%), the deionized water of 0.999g NaOH and 30.955g stirs, and makes in molar ratio by 1 mole of Al
2O
3, 100 moles of SiO
2, 12 moles of Na
2O and 2500 moles of H
2The mixed gel D that O forms, add the pre-crystallization crystal seed that accounts for mixed gel D total amount 5% (quality percentage composition) again, change over to after stirring in the stainless closed reactor that has the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining pad, 175 ℃ of following crystallization 24 hours, be cooled to room temperature,, obtain the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve that silica alumina ratio is 100 (mol ratios) product centrifuging, washing, drying, roasting, be designated as Z-100 (5%), its XRD spectra and SEM photo are seen Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively.As shown in Figure 3, be 22.92 ° at 2 θ, 23.78 ° and 24.24 ° of characteristic diffraction peaks of locating all to have the ZSM-5 molecular sieve do not have other stray crystal.As shown in Figure 4, the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve that makes of present embodiment is the crystal based on regular cubic structure, height accumulative nanoscale.
Described pre-crystallization crystal seed preparation method is identical with embodiment ten for present embodiment, and different is that mixed gel C is in molar ratio by 1 mole of Al
2O
3, 100 moles of SiO
2, 35.7 moles of TPAOH and 1100 moles of H
2O forms.
Embodiment 12: the preparation method of nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve is as follows in the present embodiment:
Silicon sol (the SiO that in the sodium metaaluminate of 0.167g, adds 20g
2Content is 30%), the deionized water of 0.999gNaOH and 30.955g stirs, and makes in molar ratio by 1 mole of Al
2O
3, 130 moles of SiO
2, 15.6 moles of Na
2O and 3250 moles of H
2The mixed gel D that O forms, add the pre-crystallization crystal seed that accounts for mixed gel D total amount 5% (quality percentage composition) again, change over to after stirring in the stainless closed reactor that has the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining pad, 175 ℃ of following crystallization 24 hours, be cooled to room temperature,, obtain the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve that silica alumina ratio is 130 (mol ratios) product centrifuging, washing, drying, roasting, be designated as Z-130 (5%), its XRD spectra and SEM photo are seen Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 respectively.
Described pre-crystallization crystal seed preparation method is identical with embodiment ten for present embodiment, and different is that mixed gel C is in molar ratio by 1 mole of Al
2O
3, 130 moles of SiO
2, 46.4 moles of TPAOH and 1430 moles of H
2O forms.
As shown in Figure 5, be 22.92 ° at 2 θ, 23.78 ° and 24.24 ° of characteristic diffraction peaks of locating all to have the ZSM-5 molecular sieve do not have other stray crystal.As shown in Figure 6, the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve that present embodiment makes is that each grain-size is about 50nm based on regular cubic structure, height accumulative crystal.
Embodiment 13: the preparation method of nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve is as follows in the present embodiment:
Silicon sol (the SiO that in the sodium metaaluminate of 0.136g, adds 20g
2Content is 30%), the deionized water of 0.999gNaOH and 30.955g stirs, and makes in molar ratio by 1 mole of Al
2O
3, 160 moles of SiO
2, 19.2 moles of Na
2O and 4000 moles of H
2The mixed gel D that O forms, add the pre-crystallization crystal seed that accounts for mixed gel D total amount 5% (quality percentage composition) again, change over to after stirring in the stainless closed reactor that has the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining pad, 175 ℃ of following crystallization 24 hours, be cooled to room temperature,, obtain the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve that silica alumina ratio is 160 (mol ratios) product centrifuging, washing, drying, roasting, be designated as Z-160 (5%), its XRD spectra and SEM photo are seen Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 respectively.As shown in Figure 7, be 22.92 ° at 2 θ, 23.78 ° and 24.24 ° of characteristic diffraction peaks of locating all to have the ZSM-5 molecular sieve do not have other stray crystal.As shown in Figure 8, the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve that makes of present embodiment is the height accumulative crystal of spheroid shape nanoscale.
Described pre-crystallization crystal seed preparation method is identical with embodiment ten for present embodiment, and different is that mixed gel C is in molar ratio by 1 mole of Al
2O
3, 160 moles of SiO
2, 57.1 moles of TPAOH and 1760 moles of H
2O forms.
Embodiment 14: the preparation method of nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve is as follows in the present embodiment: the silicon sol (SiO that adds 20g in the sodium metaaluminate of 0.167g
2Content is 30%), the deionized water of 0.999g NaOH and 30.955g stirs, and makes in molar ratio by 1 mole of Al
2O
3, 130 moles of SiO
2, 15.6 moles of Na
2O and 3250 moles of H
2The mixed gel that O forms, add the pre-crystallization crystal seed that accounts for mixed gel total amount 1% (quality percentage composition) again, change over to after stirring in the stainless closed reactor that has the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining pad, 175 ℃ of following crystallization 24 hours, be cooled to room temperature,, obtain the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve that silica alumina ratio is 130 (mol ratios) product centrifuging, washing, drying, roasting, be designated as Z-130 (1%), its XRD spectra and SEM photo are seen Fig. 9 and Figure 10 respectively.
Described pre-crystallization crystal seed preparation method is identical with embodiment ten for present embodiment, and different is that mixed gel C is in molar ratio by 1 mole of Al
2O
3, 130 moles of SiO
2, 46.4 moles of TPAOH and 1430 moles of H
2O forms.
As shown in Figure 9, be 22.92 ° at 2 θ, 23.78 ° and 24.24 ° of characteristic diffraction peaks of locating all to have the ZSM-5 molecular sieve do not have other stray crystal.As shown in Figure 10, the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve that makes of present embodiment is the height accumulative crystal of spheroid shape nanoscale.
Embodiment 15: adopt the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve of embodiment ten preparations to prepare the ZSM-5 molecular sieve in the present embodiment as crystal seed, prove effect of the present invention, concrete preparation method is as follows: the silicon sol (SiO that adds 20g in the sodium metaaluminate of 0.362g
2Content is 30%), the deionized water of 0.999g NaOH and 30.955g stirs, and makes to consist of in molar ratio by 1 mole of Al
2O
3, 60 moles of SiO
2, 7.2 moles of Na
2O and 1500 moles of H
2The mixed gel D that O forms, the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve that adds embodiment ten methods of the pressing preparation that accounts for mixed gel D total amount 5% (quality percentage composition) again is as crystal seed, change over to after stirring in the stainless closed reactor that has the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining pad, 175 ℃ of following crystallization 24 hours, be cooled to room temperature, with product centrifuging, washing, drying, roasting, obtaining silica alumina ratio is the micron ZSM-5 molecular sieve of 60 (mol ratios), be designated as Z-60 (5% seeds), its XRD spectra and SEM photo are seen Figure 11 and Figure 12 respectively.
As shown in Figure 11, be 22.92 ° at 2 θ, 23.78 ° and 24.24 ° of characteristic diffraction peaks of locating all to have the ZSM-5 molecular sieve do not have other stray crystal.As shown in Figure 12, the nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve that makes of present embodiment is micron-sized cubic system.