CN101643021B - 具有增强型全电驱动模式的混合动力电动车辆动力系 - Google Patents

具有增强型全电驱动模式的混合动力电动车辆动力系 Download PDF

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CN101643021B
CN101643021B CN200910164102.6A CN200910164102A CN101643021B CN 101643021 B CN101643021 B CN 101643021B CN 200910164102 A CN200910164102 A CN 200910164102A CN 101643021 B CN101643021 B CN 101643021B
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engine
power
transfer clutch
electrical generator
planetary gear
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CN101643021A (zh
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沃尔特·约瑟夫·欧特曼
沙雷斯·斯坎特·柯扎雷卡尔
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

公开一种具有增强型全电驱动模式的混合动力电动车辆动力系。传动装置总成机械地连接引擎、电动机和发电机。在引擎关闭的情况下使用电动机作为动力源的全电驱动期间，传动装置总成中的离合器将传动装置总成的元件与到车辆牵引轮的动力传输路径分离。

Description

具有增强型全电驱动模式的混合动力电动车辆动力系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有传动装置的混合动力电动车辆动力系，该传动装置具有用于建立从两个动力源到车辆牵引轮的分开的动力流路径的齿轮元件。
背景技术
已知的具有双动力流路径的混合动力电动车辆动力系通过管理来自每个动力源的动力输出，允许车辆以最大性能运行，其中，所述双动力流路径为引擎与车辆牵引轮之间的动力流路径和电动机与牵引轮之间的动力流路径。这包括管理引擎、电动机、发电机和电池的运行状态。
电池、发电机和电动机电连接。车辆***控制器与传动控制模块进行接口连接，以保证保持最佳的性能和驾驶性能的动力管理。
所述动力系可包括限定并联动力流配置的传动装置，在所述并联动力流配置中电动机扭矩和引擎扭矩相互配合来满足车轮扭矩命令。车辆***控制器可在特定运行条件(例如，在车辆的稳态高速公路巡航模式期间)下使引擎关闭，从而由电动机独自地向车辆提供动力。此时，电池用作电动机的电源。如果在全电驱动模式期间电池荷电状态减小至低于校准的阈值，则可启动引擎以对电池充电，并提供机械动力源以对电动机扭矩进行补充。
这种类型的混合动力电动车辆动力系的示例可包括用于将引擎动力引导至电动力流路径或机械动力流路径的行星齿轮组。例如，在转让给本发明的受让人的7,268,442号美国专利中公开了这样的动力系。该动力系包括行星齿轮组，其中，行星齿轮组的恒星齿轮可驱动地连接到发电机，引擎可驱动地连接到行星齿轮组的行星架，电动机可驱动地连接到行星齿轮组的环形齿轮。当引擎和电动机都起作用时，动力流路径被行星齿轮组分开。
如果混合动力电动车辆动力系是所谓的“***式”动力系，则在引擎关闭时电动机将在整个驱动事件的有效时间段运行。然后使用电池载流耗尽(charge depletion)策略向电动机提供电能，直至达到电池荷电状态耗尽阈值。在载流耗尽之后，随之通过公用电网对电池充电，为随后的驱动事件作准备。
在全电驱动期间当引擎转速等于零时，根据行星齿轮组的总传动比，发电机将以电动机转速的倍数的速度运转。这会产生关于传动装置和发电机的轴承的耐久性的问题。该特性将道路速度限制为低于最佳值的值。这也会减小在存在使用公用电网对电池再充电的机会之前当在给定的驱动事件期间电池荷电状态降低到预定阈值之下时启动引擎所需的可用扭矩。因此存在对这样的动力系结构的需要，即，将该动力系设计为防止在全电驱动模式中的运行期间发电机过速。
发明内容
在本发明的一个实施例中，使用传动装置将引擎动力分为两条动力流路径，传动装置包括行星齿轮组，行星齿轮组包括：恒星齿轮，连接到发电机；行星架，连接到引擎；行星齿轮组的环形齿轮，通过扭矩传动齿轮和车辆差速器-车桥总成连接到车辆驱动轮。行星齿轮组将引擎动力引导至电动力流路径或机械动力流路径。
如果动力系是***式混合动力系，则当车辆在全电模式下运行而引擎关闭时，将以比电动机的速度快2倍或3倍的速度来驱动连接到发电机的行星齿轮组的恒星齿轮。电池容量显著增加，从而来自公用电网的电能可用于对电池充电以驱动车辆。
在***式混合动力系中，从发电机到车轮的直接连接使得当引擎关闭时发电机以作为齿轮比的函数的速度转动。当车辆速度增加时，上述发电机转速会变得过高，并产生关于行星齿轮组和发电机的轴承的耐用性的潜在问题。本发明避免了该问题。
公开的本发明的实施例的动力系包括分离离合器，以将发电机从动力系分离。在全电驱动期间，该离合器将被断开；在传统的混合动力驱动期间，该离合器将被啮合。
根据本发明的第一实施例，离合器位于在全电驱动期间行星齿轮组的环形齿轮的扭矩输出侧。根据本发明的第二实施例，离合器位于发电机和行星齿轮组的恒星齿轮之间。
在第一实施例中，离合器将引擎和发电机与电动机和包括行星齿轮组的传动装置分离，从而减少在全电驱动期间的转动损失。在第二实施例中，离合器将发电机与传动装置分离。此外，第一实施例中的离合器可以是液压操作离合器，可在从引擎的扭矩传输中被提供有离合器滑动特性，从而减轻散布到动力系的动态引擎启动扭矩瞬变。在第二实施例的情况下，在引擎启动事件期间随着引擎转速达到其目标转速，离合器压力的合适控制将保持期望的滑动。可使用具有反馈算法(其中，实际的引擎转速作为反馈变量)的闭环控制器技术来实现这两种特性。
附图说明
图1是具有分离的动力流路径的混合动力电动车辆动力系的示意图；
图2是用于描述行星齿轮组的功能的杠杆模拟；
图3是引擎开启时行星齿轮组的杠杆模拟示图；
图4是根据本发明第一实施例的混合动力电动车辆动力系的示意图，其中，离合器位于行星齿轮组的环形齿轮处；
图5是引擎启动时间期间电动机和发动机扭矩的时间曲线图、引擎启动事件期间离合器压力命令的时间曲线图以及引擎启动事件期间发电机转速、电动机转速和引擎转速的时间曲线图；
图6是图1示出的动力系连同位于发电机与行星齿轮组的恒星齿轮之间的离合器的示意图；
图7是包括图6所示的离合器的动力系的类似于图5的曲线图的时间曲线图。
具体实施方式
图1示出已知的混合动力电动车辆动力系的结构的示意图。其包括具有转子12和定子14的电动机10。转子12可驱动地连接到齿轮16，齿轮16与副轴齿轮18相啮合。伴随齿轮(companion gear)20可驱动地啮合差速器-车桥总成24的齿轮22，而差速器-车桥总成24驱动车辆牵引轮。引擎26连接到行星齿轮组30的动力输入轴28，引擎26可以是内燃机或者任何其他合适的车辆引擎(例如，火花点火式或柴油机)。传动油泵31可齿轮连接到轴28。
行星齿轮组包括环形齿轮32、恒星齿轮34和行星架36。恒星齿轮34可驱动地连接到发电机40的转子38。如所示出的，发电机40的定子42电连接到高压变换器44和DC/DC高压变换器46，而后者电连接到电池。(电池控制模块在图1中被标为BCM)。高压转换器48连接到电动机10的定子14。
引擎26通过减震器总成52可驱动地连接到轴28。差速器-车桥总成24可驱动地连接到车辆牵引轮。
动力流元件处于传动控制模块(TCM)的控制下，TCM处于车辆***控制器(VSC)的管理控制下。VSC的的输入变量可包括驾驶员操作范围选择器(PRNDL)信号、加速踏板位置(APP)信号和制动踏板信号(BPS)。在向前驱动车辆发动期间当发电机被命令协助引擎时，发电机可被控制用作电动机，从而行星架沿车辆驱动方向转动。当发电机40用作发电机对电池充电时，随着电能用于对引擎动力进行补充，发电机40用作反作用元件。在车辆运行时当发电机用于使用曲柄发动引擎时，发电机被控制用作使扭矩传递到恒星齿轮来使恒星齿轮减速的发电机。这致使随着环形齿轮转速增加，行星架转速和引擎转速增加。此时，电动机也提供扭矩以驱动环形齿轮。随后，部分电动力被用于使用曲柄发动引擎。如果环形齿轮转速足够高，则在发电机转速降低到零之前行星架转速达到引擎点火速度。如果车辆速度低，则即使发电机转速已经降低到零，引擎转速也可能达不到点火速度。在该情况下，发电机被控制用作电动机。
当图1的传动结构用于所谓的“***式”混合动力车辆时，电动机10在引擎关闭的情况下在给定的任何驱动事件的全部运行时间的相当大比重的时间。此时，在电动机和发电机之间存在直接的机械连接。因此，当车辆速度处于中等或高水平时，发电机转速变高。
与图1示意性示出的已知混合动力电动车辆动力系不同，构成本发明的第一实施例的混合动力电动车辆动力系在图4示出。尽管引号被添加到图4的相同元件，但使用类似的标号标识图4的动力系的与图1的动力系的元件相同的元件。与图1的设计不同，图4的动力系的环形齿轮32’通过离合器可选择地连接到齿轮58’，齿轮58’可驱动地连接到副轴齿轮60’，而副轴齿轮60’可驱动地连接到差速器-车桥总成24’。图4中62示意性的示出所述离合器。
离合器62使行星齿轮组30’从电动机分离，从而电动机在引擎关闭的情况下的电动机驱动期间不驱动发电机。
由图2和图3示出的杠杆模拟分别示出引擎的开启和关闭条件。图2示出图1示出的动力系的引擎开启时电动机驱动期间存在的速度和扭矩向量。在图2中，ωr是环形齿轮转速，环形齿轮连接到牵引电动机。符号ωe是行星架转速，行星架连接到牵引电动机。ωg是恒星齿轮转速，恒星齿轮连接到发电机。图2中的符号τr表示环形齿轮扭矩，符号τe表示引擎扭矩，符号τg表示在引擎开启的情况下的运行期间的发电机扭矩。
如果引擎关闭并仅由电动机独立地向动力系提供动力，则在***式混合动力系的情况下，公用电网用于对电池充电，电池的容量显著地增加。这样可更好地使用电启动模式。
从发电机到车轮的直接连接(如图1所示)使得发电机在引擎关闭的情况下的车辆运行时转动。一旦车辆速度增加，发电机转速会变得过高，可用于启动引擎的扭矩降低。图3示出了这种情况，其中，ωg是发电机转速。当引擎开启时，环形齿轮沿与图2所示的方向相反的方向被驱动。当然，引擎转速此时为零(如由符号ωe在图3中所示)。此时，环形齿轮转速为ωr，在数值上等于图2中的ωr的值。
如图4所示，添加的离合器62将发电机从牵引轮分离。在使用电动机作为唯一的动力源的运行时间段之后，当动力系用于启动引擎时，可使用使引擎处于用于引擎启动的目标速度所必须的设置速度对发电机进行速度控制，这取决于车辆速度和传动装置的速度比。随后，使用实际的车轮速度测量量乘以齿轮比作为反馈变量，以闭环方式平稳地控制离合器。将通过可作为车辆***控制(VSC)模块(见图1)的部件的闭环控制器来控制离合器压力，以保持越过离合器的预定滑动。该滑动将不仅减轻扭矩的瞬变，而且将会使发电机转速保持在合适的水平。此时的离合器反作用扭矩将由电动机获得。离合器扭矩将用作离合器中的压力。
在图1的已知的动力系传动中，反作用扭矩也由电动机获得，但是由于直接的机械连接，所以该扭矩随引擎循环震荡。在图5中示出该情况，其中，在引擎启动期间电动机扭矩相对于时间被绘制。如63所示，在引擎启动的开始，电动机扭矩在短的时间区间增加，以使发电机扭矩达到预定水平。其后是64处的离合器压力填充时间。当离合器啮合时，电动机扭矩增加至其稳态值(如65所示)。一旦离合器啮合，引擎将开始旋转。引擎扭矩扰动将会导致发电机处的动态扭矩扰动(如66所示)。在引擎启动循环的结束处，扭矩波动减轻(如68所示)，电动机扭矩随后回到其初始值(如70所示)。
由车辆***控制控制器向传动控制模块(TCM)发出的压力命令在72处绘出。在曲线的开始，压力命令增加(如74所示)。随后，压力命令减小，以平稳地啮合离合器(如72所示)。随后，在引擎启动之后，命令最终的离合器啮合(如76所示)。
图5也示出引擎启动时间段期间发电机转速、电动机转速和引擎转速的曲线。发电机转速如78所示。电动机转速如80所示，引擎转速如82所示。引擎转速(如82所示)中的波动通常是发生在内燃机的启动期间的动态扭矩扰动。
图6示意性地示出本发明的第二实施例。尽管在图6中使用了双引号，但通过类似的标号示出图6的动力系与图1的实施例相同的元件。离合器由符号62’被指示。
在图6中，离合器62’位于发电机和恒星齿轮34”之间而非引擎和环形齿轮32’之间。在图6的实施例的情况下，使用闭环控制器实现离合器的合适控制，以保持越过离合器的期望滑动，从而将引擎转速设置在其目标值。闭环控制器使用离合器压力的合适控制，该离合器压力的合适控制使用恒星齿轮转速乘以齿轮比作为反馈变量。如图1的已知动力系的情况那样，离合器反作用扭矩被电动机直接获得。使用图6的结构，电动机反作用扭矩与图1的动力系的反作用扭矩相似，同时发电机的扭矩将更加平滑。
图7是在图6所示的动力系的引擎启动事件期间，电动机扭矩、压力命令、发电机的速度、电动机的速度和引擎的速度的曲线图。所述曲线图对应于图5所示的曲线图。在图6的情况下，发电机通过离合器62’与引擎分离。因此，在图6的情况下的电动机扭矩波动(如图7的65’所示)，发电机扭矩(如图7的66’所示)在引擎启动事件期间相对地不改变。这是因为电动机扭矩没有通过离合器62’与引擎分离。
尽管已经描述了本发明的实施例，但是本领域的技术人员应该清楚，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可以对其进行修改。

Claims (8)

1.一种混合动力电动车辆动力系，该混合动力电动车辆动力系包括引擎、电动机、发电机和具有机械地连接到引擎的齿轮元件的传动装置，电动机和发电机实现将动力传输到车辆牵引轮，所述动力系包括：
分别从电动机和引擎通过齿轮元件到车辆牵引轮的并联的第一动力传输路径和第二动力传输路径；
离合器，在发电机的动力传输路径中，从而在引擎关闭时动力传输到车辆牵引轮期间，发电机与电动机动力传输路径分离，
其中，在启动引擎时，控制离合器的压力，以保持越过离合器的预定滑动，从而减轻扭矩的瞬变，并使发电机转速保持在合适的水平。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力电动车辆动力系，其中，在引擎关闭情况下的全电驱动模式期间，当离合器打开时，离合器将发电机从可驱动地连接到电动机的齿轮元件分离，从而减少旋转损失。
3.如权利要求1所述的混合动力电动车辆动力系，其中，当离合器打开时，离合器将电动机从可驱动地连接到发电机的齿轮元件分离，从而减少旋转损失。
4.一种混合动力电动车辆动力系，该混合动力电动车辆动力系包括：
引擎、电动机、发电机和具有机械地连接到引擎的包括行星齿轮单元的齿轮元件的传动装置，电动机和发电机实现将动力传输到车辆牵引轮；
离合器，位于行星齿轮单元的第一元件与发电机之间；
行星齿轮单元的第二元件，可驱动地连接到电动机；
行星齿轮单元的第三元件，可驱动地连接到引擎，
其中，行星齿轮单元的第一元件是可驱动地连接到发电机的恒星齿轮，
其中，行星齿轮单元的第二元件是可驱动地连接到电动机的环形齿轮，
其中，行星齿轮单元的第三元件是可驱动地连接到引擎的行星架，
其中，在启动引擎时，控制离合器的压力，以保持越过离合器的预定滑动，从而减轻扭矩的瞬变，并使发电机转速保持在合适的水平。
5.一种混合动力电动车辆动力系，该混合动力电动车辆动力系包括：
引擎、电动机、发电机和具有机械地连接到引擎的包括行星齿轮单元的齿轮元件的传动装置，电动机和发电机实现将动力传输到车辆牵引轮；
离合器，位于行星齿轮单元的第一元件与电动机之间；
行星齿轮单元的第二元件，可驱动地连接到发电机；
行星齿轮单元的第三元件，可驱动地连接到引擎，
其中，行星齿轮单元的第一元件是可驱动地连接到电动机的环形齿轮，
其中，行星齿轮单元的第二元件是可驱动地连接到发电机的恒星齿轮，
其中，行星齿轮单元的第三元件是可驱动地连接到引擎的行星架，
其中，在启动引擎时，控制离合器的压力，以保持越过离合器的预定滑动，从而减轻扭矩的瞬变，并使发电机转速保持在合适的水平。
6.如权利要求1所述的混合动力电动车辆动力系，其中，离合器是压力驱动摩擦滑动离合器，从而减弱所述动力系中的动态扭矩波动。
7.如权利要求4所述的混合动力电动车辆动力系，其中，离合器是压力驱动摩擦滑动离合器，从而减弱所述动力系中的动态扭矩波动。
8.如权利要求5所述的混合动力电动车辆动力系，其中，离合器是压力驱动摩擦滑动离合器，从而在发电机用作电动机时的引擎的启动期间，当发电机平滑地使引擎达到目标转速时启动引擎。
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