CN101627176A - 相对于已有井孔的电磁引导钻井 - Google Patents
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Abstract
平行钻井***和方法，适用于钻采用蒸气辅助重力引流(SAGD)技术的油井。在这种方法的某些实施例中，用一个倾斜天线工具收集方位角敏感的电磁信号测量值。这些测量值使得能够精确测量井间隔离和方向，借以为钻间隔精确的油井提供必要的信息，以降低两个油井之间发生妨碍储油层的有效开采的“短路”的可能性。在这种方法的另一些实施例中，倾斜天线工具一边转动一边发射方位角不一致的信号。被一个或多个接收器检测到的衰减和方位角变化使得可以进行精确的方向和距离测定。在某些情况中，发送器天线和接收器天线可组合成单个工具，而在另一些情况中，发送器和接收器放在不同的井内，以增大检测范围。
Description
背景技术
这个世界依赖碳氢化合物来解决它的大量能量需求。因此，各油田运营商在努力尽可能有效地生产和销售碳氢化合物。已经开采了大量容易开采的石油，所以正在研发可用于抽取不大容易开采的碳氢化合物的各种新技术。一种这样的技术是美国专利No.6,257,334“蒸气辅助重力引流重油采收过程(Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage Heavy Oil Recovery Process)”中揭示的蒸气辅助重力引流(SAGD)。SAGD用一对垂向间隔不超过约10米的水平井。
在开采中，上面的井用于向地层内注入蒸气。蒸气加热重油而使其流动性增大。温热的石油(和冷凝的蒸气)流向下面的井继而流向地面。用一种节流技术来保持下面的井完全浸没在液体中，借以把蒸气“截留”在地层内。如果液体的液位下降至太低，蒸气就会从上面的井直接流向下面的井，而降低加热效率以及妨碍重油的开采。这样的直接流动(可称为“短路”)将大大地降低迫使流体进入下面的井的压力梯度。
可通过注意保持井间的间隔，即尽可能做到两个井互相平行，来降低发生短路的可能性。井间间隔小于其平均值的那些点对发生短路流动的阻力较小。从百分比来看，以较大的井间间隔可降低井孔间隔变化的影响力。因此，在没有精确钻井技术的情况下，可将井间间隔保持为大于所希望的数值以降低发生短路的可能性。
附图说明
从下面结合附图进行的本发明的详细说明可较好地理解其各实施例，各附图中：
图1表示出一个可采用电磁引导钻井的示例性钻井环境；
图2表示出一个可采用蒸气辅助重力引流(SAGD)的示例性储油层；
图3表示出一个用于标明天线倾斜度的坐标系；
图4表示出一个被分成多个方位角扇形的井孔横断面；
图5表示出一个适用于引导钻井的示例性电磁式测井工具；
图6表示出一个作为地层电阻率的函数的示例性相移路径曲线；
图7A表示出一个新的井孔相对于一个已有井孔的路径；
图7B表示出电阻率测量值的一个建模范围；
图7C表示出一个被建模了的地理转向操纵信号；
图7D-7F表示出不同频率和天线间隔情况下的建模地理转向操纵信号；以及
图8表示出一个示例性电磁引导钻井方法的流程图。
尽管本发明可以有各种变型和替代形式，但还是想以图解举例方式示出其几个具体的实施例并在这里予以详细说明。但是，应能理解，给出的附图和详细说明不应被认为是将本发明限制于所揭示的特定形式，相反，本发明将涵盖属于权利要求书所定义的本发明的精神和范围内的所有变型、等同和替代形式。
具体实施方式
以上‘背景’一节中所提出的问题可至少部分地通过采用与已有井孔相关的电磁引导钻井来解决。用一个倾斜的天线工具来提供方位角敏感的电阻率测量值，而后者可用于检测至一个已有井孔的距离和相对于它的方向。可以在多个考查深度上进行这样的测量，以便在距一个附近井孔达6米或更远的范围内提供前所未有的距离测量精度。(取决于转向操纵机构，可将距离保持不变，偏差不超过0.5米)。有了这样的测量值，就可做到间隔紧密的各井的引导钻井，而不会有过大的发生短路脆弱性。
为了最好地理解本发明的电磁引导***和方法，本文里让它们工作在几个较大的***中。因此，图1表示出一个示例性的地理转向操纵环境。钻井平台2支承着井架4，而井架4上有用于提升和下放钻杆8的游动滑车6。顶部驱动装置10在钻杆8向下穿过井头12时支承钻杆8并使其转动。钻头14由孔底马达驱动和/或由钻杆8的转动带动。随着钻头14转动，其钻成穿过各个地层的井孔16。
钻头14只是井底组件中的一个零件，井底组件包括一个或多个钻铤(厚壁钢管)，以提供有助于钻井过程的重量和刚性。这些钻铤中的某些钻铤包括测井仪器，用以收集各钻井参数诸如位置、取向、钻压、井孔直径、等等的测量值。测井工具的取向可用工具面角(旋转取向)、倾斜角(斜度)、以及罗盘方向来标明，其中每一个可从磁力仪、倾斜仪和/或加速度仪的测量值导出，当然也可以替代使用其它类型的传感器，诸如陀螺仪。在一个特定实施例中，测井工具包括一个3轴线磁通门磁力仪和一个3轴线加速度仪。如本技术领域所知，这两个传感器***的组合使得可以测量工具面角、倾斜角和罗盘方向。在某些实施例中，可从加速度仪传感器的输出计算出工具面角和井孔倾斜角度。磁力仪传感器的输出可用于计算罗盘方向。
井底组件还包括一个用于收集地层性质的测量值的工具26，从地层性质测量值可得出附近井孔检测信号。钻井者将这些测量值组合于工具取向测量值来使用，他就可以利用各种适用的方向钻井***中的任何一种，包括转向操纵舵轮、“弯接头”，以及可操控钻头沿着平行于已有井孔的所希望的路径18的可回转转向操纵***，来操控钻头14沿着地层46内的一个所希望的路径18。为了精确的转向操纵，操纵舵轮可以是最符合需要的转向操纵机构。转向操纵机构或者也可以是在孔底控制的，把一个孔底控制器编程为以一个预定的距离48和位置(例如就在已有井孔19的上方或下方)追循已有井孔19。
泵20使钻井流体通过供给管22流至顶部驱动装置10，通过钻杆8内部向下流，流过钻头14上的诸多小孔，再流过钻杆8周围的环形通路流回到地面，而进入钻井流体池24。钻井流体把井孔里的钻屑输送到流体池24内并帮助维持井孔的完整性。而且，联接于孔底工具26的遥测器件28可将遥测数据通过泥浆脉冲遥测发送至地面。遥测器件28内的发送器可调控钻井流体的流动阻力而产生压力脉冲，这些脉冲沿着流体流以音速传播到地面。一个或多个压力变换器30、32把压力信号转变成送给信号数字化仪34的一个或多个电信号。应注意到，还有其它形式的遥测仪器，其也可以用于从孔底到数字化仪的信号传输。这样的遥测可采用声学遥测、电磁遥测、或借助连接导线的钻管的遥测。
数字化仪34把数字形式的遥测信号通过通信链接36提供给计算机38或某种其它形式的数据处理装置。计算机38按照软件(其可被储存在信息储存介体40内)和使用者经由输入装置42进行的输入进行工作而处理和解码收到的信号。计算机38可对形成的遥测数据进行进一步分析和处理而把有用的信息显示在计算机监视器44或某种其它形式的显示装置上。例如，钻井者可利用这一***得到并检测钻井参数、地层性质、以及井孔相对于已有井孔19和任何检测到的地层边界的路径。然后可用一个向下链接通道把转向操纵命令从地面发送给井底组件。
用这样的钻井***，就能够钻成一组井孔，这些井孔使得可以用蒸气辅助重力引流(SAGD)技术有效地采取地层里的重油。图2表示出一个地层202，其有垂向间隔的几对井孔(这一视图表示的是井孔端视图)，每一对井孔由一个注入井204和一个采油井206组成。蒸气被注入这一地层内并在其中冷凝而加热各井周围和上面的重油。随着重油的流动性增大，重油向下流，与冷凝水一起形成液体池210，其中的液体可被通过采油井206采出。未被加热的重油最终获得型面208，这就往往需要用多对井来有效地接近这些重油储量。可以预期，常规地钻出间隔精确的井孔的能力可以明显地增大这样的重油储量的价值。
在至少某些实施例中，附近井孔检测工具26采用倾斜的天线，用于电阻率的电磁测量，诸如Michel Bittar在美国专利No.7,265,552中所揭示的那样。如图3所示，这样的倾斜天线的取向可以用倾斜角θ和转角α来规定。倾斜角θ是工具轴线和回形天线的磁矩之间的角度。转角α是工具表面刻线和法向矢量的投影之间的角度。随着工具转动，一个或多个倾斜天线在从井孔向外的各不同方位角方向上增益测量灵敏度，这些测量值可被做成是方位角的函数。图4表示出一个井孔圆周被分成为若干个方位角扇形402-416，它们对应于各方位角的范围。方位角β是定义为相对于井孔的“高侧”(或就大致垂向的井而言，是相对于井孔的北侧)。在把工具对中于井孔时，优选的是，应使方位角β对应于工具表面刻线的位置。在某些实施例中，在把各测量值与方位角扇形关联起来时，可对偏离中心的工具的转动取向进行角度修正。虽然该图表示出8个扇形，但是扇形的实际数目可以是在4个和工具能支持的最高分辨率之间变化。
现在来看图5，其表示出一个示例性的井孔检测工具502。检测工具502设有一个或多个直径减小的区域，用以悬挂线圈。线圈被放在这样的区域内并与工具表面隔开一个恒定的距离。为了机械地支承和保护线圈，可以用环氧树脂、橡胶、玻璃纤维、或陶瓷之类的不导电填充材料(未示)填充各直径减小的区域。发送器和接收器线圈可小至只包括一圈导线，尽管更多圈数可提供更强的信号功率。线圈和工具表面之间的距离优选的是在1/16英寸到3/4英寸范围内，但也可以较大一些。
示例性的检测工具502有6个同轴的发送器506(T5)、508(T3)、510(T1)、516(T2)、518(T4)、以及520(T6)，这意味着这些发送器的轴线重合于这一工具的纵向轴线。此外，检测工具502有3个倾斜的接收器天线504(R3)、512(R1)、以及514(R2)。词语“倾斜的”意指线圈的磁矩不是平行于工具的纵向轴线。各天线之间的间隔可以用一个长度参数x来表述，在某些实施例中，其约为16英寸。沿着纵向轴线从两个接收器天线512和514的中心之间的一个中点来测量，发送器510和516是定位在±1x处，发送器508和518是定位在±2x处，以及发送器506和520是定位在±3x处。接收器天线512和514可定位在±x/4处。此外，接收器天线504可定位在正或负4x处。
长度参数和各间隔系数可按需改变，以提供较大或较小的考查深度、较高的空间分辨率、或较高的信噪比。但是，在所图示的间隔情况下，可以用成对的倾斜接收器天线512和514，以及各成对的发送器510(T1)和516(T2)、508(T3)和518(T4)、以及506(T5)和520(T6)之间的1x、2x、以及3x间隔进行对称的电阻率测量。此外，可以用倾斜的接收器天线504和各发送器506、508、510、516、518、以及520之间的1x、2x、3x、4x、5x、6x、以及7x间隔进行非对称的电阻率测量。这一间隔配置可使检测工具502有某种多用性，使它能够对附近的井孔检测执行深的(但却是非对称的)测量以及对方位角电阻率的精确确定执行对称的测量。
在某些设想的实施例中，可让各发送器是倾斜的，以及可让各接收器是同轴的，而在另一些实施例中，可让各发送器和接收器都是倾斜的，当然，优选的是，让发送器和接收器的倾斜角度不同。而且，可将发送器和接收器的角色互换，同时保持由检测工具得到的各测量值的有用性。在工作中，将每个发送器依次通电，并测量每个接收器线圈内感应生成的电压的相位和幅值。从这些测量值，或这些测量值的组合，可将地层电阻率确定为方位角和径向距离的函数。而且，可测量至附近各井孔的距离和相对于它们的方向。
对于非对称电阻率测量，接收器504检测一个响应每个发送器的发射的信号。检测工具502测量收到的信号相对于发射信号的相位和幅值的相移和衰减。较大的发送器-接收器间隔可提供覆盖较大地层范围的测量值，给出更深的考查深度。检测工具502还可采用多个发射信号频率，以进一步增加考查深度的数目。图6表示出相移与地层电阻率的关系。信号衰减表现出一种类似的关系。有了在多个方位角取向处的衰减和相移测量值以及多个考查深度，检测工具502就能够在钻井进程中编绘井孔周围地层电阻率的三维图。
对于对称电阻率测量，接收器512、514都响应每个发送器的发射而检测信号。检测工具502测量收到的各信号之间的相移和衰减并组合来自各间隔相等的发送器的测量值，以有力地补偿温度漂移和其它电子电路缺陷。可对补偿的程度进行测量，并且如果愿意，可将其应用于非对称电阻率测量。换句话说，对称的测量的分析和使用类似于非对称的测量。
在图5的示例性实施例中，接收器线圈在法向和工具轴线之间倾斜45°角。可以采用非45°倾斜角，并且在设想的某些实施例中，接收器线圈是以不相等的角度倾斜或在不同的方位角方向上倾斜。在钻井过程中检测工具502被转动，所以可用取向于不同方位角方向的倾斜线圈进行电阻率测量。可将这些测量值关联于工具取向测量值，以便能进行井孔距离和方向的检测。
图7A表示出一个假想的12英寸井孔702在1020英尺深度处水平地穿过地层704。假设这个地层有10欧姆每米的电阻率，同时假设这个井孔有小于1欧姆每米的电阻率。已经对沿着附近的路径706穿过这一地层的一个装有倾斜天线的工具进行了仿真。路径706的平均深度是1030英尺，但它有一个+2英尺和-2英尺的第一偏差，后面跟随一个+5英尺和-5英尺的偏差。在112英寸的发送器-接收器间隔和125kHz的信号频率情况下，得到的地层电阻率测量值表示于图7B。曲线710表示在工具朝向井孔702转动时测得的电阻率，而曲线708表示以相反的取向测得的电阻率。在这一假设的例子中，检测范围约为10英尺。在检测工具运动超出这一距离时，就检测不到这个井孔。但是，在距离处于这一数值以下时，井孔702的距离和方向很容易测定。
图7C表示通过取方位角衰减测量值(以dB为单位)和所有方位角上的平均衰减测量值(以dB为单位)之间的差值计算的一个地理转向操纵信号(“地理信号”)。曲线714表示在检测工具取向为朝向井孔702时的地理信号，而曲线712表示相反取向情况下的地理信号。在检测工具处在10英尺以内时，地理信号随工具转动而变化，当检测工具取向为朝向附近的井孔时达到一个最小值。变化幅度代表着到井孔的距离。如果采用较长的发送器-接收器天线间隔，和/或如果采用较低的频率，可以预料在电阻率较高的地层里有较大范围。用较短的发送器-接收器天线间隔和/或较高的频率，可以预料有较大的对距离敏感性。因此，希望有可变的间隔和/或频率。应注意到，预料大多数感兴趣的储油层有高得多的地层电阻率。关于适用于计算地理转向操纵信号的方法的更详细描述，可参阅美国专利申请-----(Atty Dkt 1391-681.00)。
不同工具参数对地理转向操纵信号的影响图示于图7D-7F，其中采用与图7A相同的假想配置。在图7D中，曲线716和718是用112英寸的发送器-接收器间隔和125kHz的信号频率得到的基于衰减的地理转向操纵信号。曲线718是在检测工具取向为朝向井孔702时得到的，而曲线716是在工具取向为背对这一井孔时得到的。可将这些曲线与曲线720和722相比较，后两个曲线是以同样频率但以48英寸的发送器-接收器间隔得到的，表示出间隔较长的天线配置的较大测量范围。
图7E中，重复绘制曲线720和722以与曲线724和726相比较，后两个曲线是用48英寸的发送器-接收器间隔和500kHz的信号频率得到的。很明显，较高的信号频率也可提供增大的检测范围。在这一和前一图中，地理信号曲线是基于衰减的，也就是通过从方位角敏感的衰减测量值扣除平均衰减而确定的。但是在图7F中，地理信号是基于相位的，也就是通过从方位角敏感的相移测量值扣除平均相移而确定的。曲线732和734是用112英寸的间隔和125kHz的信号频率得到的。曲线736和738是用相同的信号频率但48英寸的间隔得到的。在这两个情况中，下面的曲线是在检测工具取向为朝向附近井孔时得到的，而上面的曲线是在检测工具取向为背对着井孔时得到的。
图8是一个用于钻紧密间隔的平行井孔的示例性方法的流程图。从框802开始，钻井者钻初始(“基准”)井孔于目标地层内。很多时间内，初始井孔应尽可能靠近含油矿床的底部，并在以后用作采油井孔。虽然可以钻成偏离一个直的路径而追循矿床的边界，但在大多数应用场合中基准井孔的路径应保持为尽可能直，以简化平行钻井。
在804框，基准井孔被赋予一个与周围地层的对比电阻率。因为含油地层倾向于是高电阻的，所以这一操作可能包括用一个导电的油井套管给基准井孔加上衬套。作为一种替代，可用某种导电的流体诸如某种有游离的离子的水基钻井流体充注基准井孔。
在806框，钻井者用一个钻杆开始钻一个新井孔，这个钻杆包括方位角敏感的电磁检测工具和用于控制钻井方向的转向操纵机构。这个新井孔可以是如图1所示的单独的井，或者它可以是从沿着基准井的途中起始的分支井。在框808中，检测工具收集代表地层电阻率的方位角敏感的各测量值。这些测量值可直接或间接用于在框810确定基准井孔的方向。在某些实施例中，方向是与最小电阻率测量值相关的或与地理转向操纵信号的极值相关的方位角。如果想要增大或减小井间间隔，这一数据使钻井者可容易地确定所希望的钻井方向。
在812框，确定到基准井孔的距离。这一距离可确定为地层平均电阻率和测量值对方位角表现出的正弦关系的量值的函数。检测工具的工程师们可对检测工具进行标定并建立一个可用于查找确定距离测量值的查考表。或者，可以采用一个更完整的电阻率三维关系曲线处理过程来确定到基准井孔的距离。但是，在某些实施例中，可采用地理转向操纵信号的量值作为距离的一个粗略表示，并且可操纵钻头来把这一量值维持在一个相对恒定值，而不确定距离的绝对测量值。
在框814，响应方向和距离的确定结果来调整钻井方向，以保持井间隔离和取向尽可能一致。在某些实施例中，井底组件里的孔底处理器可执行方向和距离的自动测定并自动调整转向操纵机构，以建立一个可从地面进行设定和调整的恒定垂向间隔。在另一些实施例中，钻井者可在地面监视方向和距离测量值并可向井底组件发出转向操纵命令。只要钻井在继续，框816就一直指示出该过程的各框808-814是在重复进行。
图9是用于钻紧密间隔的平行井孔的另一方法的流程图。如同前述，钻井者从钻一个基准井孔于目标地层内开始(框902)。在框904，一个接收器阵列被安放在基准井孔19内。(适时参照图1，接收器工具52被定位在基准井孔19内。示例性的检测工具52包括两个同轴天线54，但也可以采用附加的接收器。)在某些实施例中，接收器阵列基本上是固定而不转动的。在这样的实施例中，接收器间隔是选择为可确保至少一个接收器能够检测来自感兴趣的区域内所有各点处的发送器的信号，并且接收器阵列的范围是设计为覆盖基准井孔在感兴趣区域内的长度。在另一些实施例中，接收器阵列在钻井进程中可被沿着基准井孔移动。在这样的实施例中，可大大减小接收器阵列的范围。
在框906，钻井者用一个钻杆开始钻一个新井孔，这个钻杆包括至少一个倾斜天线发送器和用于控制钻井方向的转向操纵机构。在框908，检测工具一边转动一边发射带有随方位角变化的方向性的电磁信号。工具取向信息可被编码放入发射信号，或者可与地面通信。在采用多个发射天线的情况中，各发送器可以以不同的频率工作和/或在不同的时间进行发射。如果愿意，也可把发送器识别信息编码放入发射信号。
在框910，基准井孔内的至少一个接收天线检测到一个或多个发射信号并测量作为时间的函数的幅值变化和相移。可将按正弦规律变化的时间周期与发送器取向信息(可以在地面也可以用编码放入发射信号的信息)相组合，来确定在基准井孔内的发送器和接收器之间的相对方向。而且，如果多个接收天线都检测到信号，可用数组处理技术对发送器相对于接收器阵列的方向进行三角测绘。某些实施例包括方位角敏感的接收天线以提高方向检测能力。例如，可将一组三个线性独立的接收天线布置在接收器阵列内的每个接收位置上。
在框912，确定基准井孔内的发送器和接收器阵列之间的距离。这一距离可确定为平均信号强度和测量值表现出的对方位角的正弦关系的量值的函数。或者，可对从每个发送器到每个接收器的信号采用一个更完整的处理过程来确定到基准井孔的距离。
在框914，响应方向和距离确定结果来调整钻井方向以保持井间隔离和取向尽可能一致。在某些实施例中，钻井者在地面监视方向和距离测量值并向井底组件发出转向操纵命令。只要钻井在继续，框916就一直指示出该过程的各框908-914是在重复进行。可能需要定期地进行接收器阵列在基准井孔内的重新定位。
应注意到，发送器和接收器的角色可以互换。在某些实施例中，可将一组两个或多个发送器布置在基准井孔内，以及将一组方位角敏感的接收器天线设置在井底组件内。在这种替换配置中，可将孔底处理器编程为基于来自基准井孔的距离和方向测量值而有有限的自动转向操纵能力，如把各发送器连接起来的一条线所示。自动转向操纵功能可以用任何标准的反馈技术来执行，以使编程的和测量的距离和方向数值之间的误差为最小，当然这要以由钻杆的转向操纵动力学特性施加的约束为前提。
在许多情况中，可能不必进行明确的距离和方向计算。例如，可将深电阻率或地理信号数值转变成像素彩色或亮度并作为井孔的方位角和沿着井孔轴线的距离的函数显示出来。假设基准井孔是在检测范围内，基准井孔将在显示图象中显现为一个亮带(或如果喜好，可显现为一个暗带)。这个亮带的彩色或亮度指示出到基准井孔的距离，而亮带的位置指示出相对于基准井孔的方向。这样，通过观看这样的图象，钻井者就可非常直观地确定新的井孔是否偏离了所希望的路线，并且钻井者可以快速地采取校正行动。例如，如果亮带变得比较暗淡了，钻井者可朝向基准井孔转向。相反，如果亮带的亮度增强了，钻井者可远离基准井孔转向。如果亮带偏离了其在已有井孔上方或下方的应在位置，那么钻井者可进行侧向转向操纵而重新建立所希望的两个井孔之间的方向关系。
熟悉本技术领域的人一旦理解了以上说明，它们将能对本发明做出许许多多变化和变型。所以，应将权利要求书解释为涵盖所有那些变化和变型。
Claims (25)
1.一种平行钻井方法，包括：
在靠近已有井孔钻新的井孔的同时收集电磁信号的方位角敏感的测量值；以及
沿着到所述已有井孔的距离基本上恒定的路径转向操纵钻杆。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述距离不超过10米并且是恒定的，偏差在±0.5米以内。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述新的井孔是被垂向地定位在所述已有井孔的上方或下方。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述已有井孔被套装上导电的套管。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述已有井孔被充注以导电的流体。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述钻杆在井底组件里包括具有至少一个倾斜天线的工具。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述钻杆包括用于方位角敏感的测量值的发射天线和接收天线。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方位角敏感的测量值代表所述新的井孔周围的三维电阻率曲线。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方位角敏感的测量值是指示朝向导电物体的方位角方向的地理信号。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述转向操纵包括：
在孔底处处理方位角敏感测量值，以确定用于转向操纵钻杆的控制信号，而按使所测量的距离值和所编程的距离值之差为最小的方式转向操纵所述钻杆。
11.一种平行钻井***，包括
可转向的钻杆，其包括具有至少一个倾斜天线的工具，
其中，所述工具收集各测量值，用于确定到已有井孔的距离。
12.如权利要求11所述的***，其特征在于，所述钻杆包括孔底处理器，所述孔底处理器确定转向操纵信号而指引所述钻杆沿着平行于所述已有井孔的路径钻进。
13.如权利要求11所述的***，其特征在于，所述工具确定指示相对于所述已有井孔的方向的信号。
14.如权利要求11所述的***，其特征在于，所述测量值包括作为方位角的函数的信号衰减的测量值。
15.如权利要求11所述的***，其特征在于，所述测量值包括作为方位角的函数的信号相移的测量值。
16.如权利要求11所述的***，其特征在于，还包括在所述已有井孔里的由至少两个发送器组成的阵列。
17.如权利要求11所述的***，其特征在于，还包括地面计算机，所述地面计算机使钻井者能监视所述距离并响应地沿着对所述已有井孔的距离和方向都为恒定的路径转向操纵所述钻杆。
18.一种平行钻井方法，包括：
在钻成新的井孔的同时从在钻杆里的信号源发送方位角不一致的电磁信号；以及
用在已有井孔里的至少两个接收器检测所述信号，以确定从所述已有井孔到所述信号源的距离。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括转向操纵所述钻杆以沿着平行于所述已有井孔的路径指引所述新的井孔。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信号源包括至少一个倾斜的发射天线。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述倾斜的发射天线转动，以在不同的方位角方向发送信号。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信号包括关于所述信号源的方位角取向的信息。
23.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括确定所述已有井孔和所述信号源之间的方向。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括把所述距离测量值和方向测量值传输到地面计算机。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括把所述已有井孔相对于所述新的井孔的图示显示出来，以使所述钻井者能够平行于所述已有井孔来转向操纵所述新的井孔。
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- 2008-01-18 GB GB0914189.6A patent/GB2468734B/en active Active
- 2008-01-18 GB GB1200502.1A patent/GB2484432B/en active Active
- 2008-01-18 CA CA2680869A patent/CA2680869C/en active Active
- 2008-01-18 US US12/526,552 patent/US9732559B2/en active Active
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|---|---|
| US9732559B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
| GB0914189D0 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
| GB2484432B (en) | 2012-08-29 |
| GB2484432A (en) | 2012-04-11 |
| AU2008348131A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
| CA2680869C (en) | 2011-07-12 |
| GB2468734A (en) | 2010-09-22 |
| AU2008348131B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
| WO2009091408A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
| US20110006773A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
| GB2468734B (en) | 2012-08-08 |
| GB201200502D0 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
| CA2680869A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
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