CN101606496B - Japanese scallop sea area breeding method - Google Patents
Japanese scallop sea area breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101606496B CN101606496B CN2009100125561A CN200910012556A CN101606496B CN 101606496 B CN101606496 B CN 101606496B CN 2009100125561 A CN2009100125561 A CN 2009100125561A CN 200910012556 A CN200910012556 A CN 200910012556A CN 101606496 B CN101606496 B CN 101606496B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Japanese scallop sea area breeding method which comprises the following steps: monitoring germen indexes to parent scallops of Japanese scallops in a sea area in a propagate season; monitoring the quantity and the size of baby scallops in the sea area having the baby scallops of the Japanese scallop after the monitoring data show the oviposition, and putting a breeding device into the set bearing area when the monitoring of the number and the size of the baby scallops shows the proportion of adhering baby scallops: bivalve shell baby scallops with shell height more than 200 micrometers occupy more than 40 percent of the total of bivalve shell baby scallops, or the bivalve shell baby scallops with shell height more than 230 micrometers occupy more than 20 percent of the total of the bivalve shell baby scallops, or the bivalve shell baby scallops with shell height more than 250 micrometers occupy 5-10 percent of the total of the bivalve shell baby scallops. The Japanese scallop sea area breeding method can obtain natural degeneration-resistant excellent baby scallops in an open sea area, realizes the massive production of the natural baby scallops, and develops a source of the natural green baby scallops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of shellfish method of collecting seedling, refer in particular to Japanese scallop sea area breeding method.
Background technology
Patinopecten yessoensis (Patinopecten yessoensis Jay, 1857) originate in the coastal waters of Japanese the north and Far-east Area of Russia, it is one of aquaculture kind that quality is the best in the whole world Pectenidae, China marine site does not originally have its natural resources, early 1980s breeds from carrying out seed breeding, centre after Japan introduces, the aquaculture technical research, and this kind " settled down " in China Huanghai Sea the north; By the aquaculture in more than 20 years, the Patinopecten yessoensis aquaculture became and has driven the pillar industry that local fish-farming in shallow marine water already develops, and also was that Patinopecten yessoensis is introduced a fine variety the maximum industry of breed in the world.
China is used for Patinopecten yessoensis aquaculture seed and all depends on the artificial seedling rearing all the time, because the microcommunity of introduced variety is for many generations bred, the decline of population genetic diversity, cause germplasm to be degenerated obviously, the artificial breeding difficulty strengthens, breed phase lethality rises, therefore, be badly in need of at present producing natural seeding, wild fry drive the industry upgrading, promote fish-farming in shallow marine water sustainable and healthy development already.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Japanese scallop sea area breeding method of scale production natural seeding, wild fry.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides a kind of Japanese scallop sea area breeding method, sea area Patinopecten yessoensis parent shellfish is carried out the monitoring of gonad index, after the Monitoring Data demonstration is laid eggs in mating season, carry out larva quantity and individual size monitoring in the sea area that the Patinopecten yessoensis larva occurs, wherein:
This larva quantity and individual size monitoring demonstration are about to adhere to the larva ratio: the above individuality of the high 200 μ m of Bivalve embryophore accounts for Bivalve larva sum more than 40%; Perhaps the above individuality of the high 230 μ m of Bivalve embryophore accounts for Bivalve larva sum more than 20%; Perhaps the above individuality of the high 250 μ m of Patinopecten yessoensis embryophore accounted for Bivalve larva sum at 5%～10% o'clock, and the district of collecting seedling setting begins to throw in described collector.
Described gonad index is in Patinopecten yessoensis breeding period, average 1 week is measured 1 time, gonad index=sexual gland weight/soft body heavy * 100%, this monitoring shows that gonad index descends 3% when above, measured sea area larva quantity and individual big or small in average 2～3 days 1 time, monitoring is about to adhere to the larva ratio, and throws in batches and hang described collector.
Described collector is adorned adherance with 12 order mesh bags in this mesh bag.
Described mesh bag is 47cm * 28cm, 49cm * 100cm, 40cm * 50cm or 100cm * 50cm, adorns 10～30g adherance in each mesh bag, and 2 mesh bags are to tying up into 1 group, about 15cm～the 20cm of group spacing, hang for 15 groups～20 groups integrated 1, mesh bag hangs from above, seedling rope lower end bolt dropstone.
Described collector is thrown and is hung on the buoyant raft, spacing 0.8m～1.0m, and the raft height 80m～120m of this buoyant raft is more than the raft spacing 7m.
The described collector water layer of collecting seedling of living in is 5～6m.
After described collector is thrown in, when the high 3mm of the average shell of Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk～5mm, begin the branch seedling.
The described district of collecting seedling is the open natural waters away from Patinopecten yessoensis parent shellfish.Described seed collection area is located at the open zone of Lvshun Huanghai Sea side and/or Bohai Sea side, to broadcasting close shellfish at the bottom of the northern Patinopecten yessoensis aquaculture of the Huanghai Sea district and/or suspended longline farming parent shellfish carries out the monitoring of gonad index.Described open zone is located at Lvshun Bai Lan, moon gulf, Dong's lump and twin islet, and the place stormy waves of collecting seedling is little, and trend is unimpeded steadily, has the Patinopecten yessoensis larva to assemble, and the seeding collecting season water temperature range is at 7～15 ℃, more than the seawater transparency 1.5m, and salinity 30～33.
Based on above technical scheme, the present invention obtains following beneficial effect:
1, by monitoring Patinopecten yessoensis gonad index, when the gonad index descends 3% when above, show that Patinopecten yessoensis parent shellfish enters spawning peak, infer thus egg laying amount and larva generating capacity what, forecast and collect seedling the phase, for the sea area spat collection prediction provides foundation;
2, by trawlnet, monitoring floating larvae quantity and individual size on the larva peak and adhere to individual peak, are thrown in collector according to the survey data in good time, and the realization scale is collected seedling;
3, in the zone away from Patinopecten yessoensis parent shellfish resource, the natural seeding, wild fry that obtains of adopting survives through after the long-distance natural selection of jolting, and has stronger adaptive capacity to environment, belongs to degeneration-resistant good seed;
4, collector adopts 12 order mesh bags, and production cost is low, easy to operate, and it is effective to collect seedling;
5, utilize low raft district, the water layer of collecting seedling is in 5～6m, obviously improves the bag quantity of collecting seedling;
6, when the high 3mm of the average shell of the Patinopecten yessoensis left and right sides, carry out the branch seedling, be easy on the one hand the Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk is separated from assorted shellfish, loss seed when avoiding on the other hand again because of less than normal the sieving of Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk individuality.
Embodiment
Patinopecten yessoensis is 3～April in northern China mating season, the water temperature of laying eggs is 3～10 ℃, Patinopecten yessoensis fertilized egg after fertilization in seawater is constantly grown, through the floating larvae stage, eyespot appears when the average shell of larva reaches 220～240 μ m, settlement and metamorphosis immediately, the juvenile mollusk shell reaches 3～4cm, and byssus gland is degenerated.
Patinopecten yessoensis was bred and growth in China through more than 20 years, the geographical population that adapt to China's marine site ecotope have been formed, become the important shellfish resource in northern China marine site, especially in the northern aquaculture of Huanghai Sea district, in mating season, Patinopecten yessoensis fertilized egg is grown in seawater, the Patinopecten yessoensis larva is along with the southern littoral flow of the Liao Dynasty in spring moves to the Bohai Sea, the larva individuality increases gradually in the moving process, when entering Lvshun Huanghai Sea side, during side sea area, the Bohai Sea, part ontogeny maturation enters attachment state, according to this ecological characteristic, throw in the suitable equipment of collecting seedling with manual method to natural waters, make larva settlement and metamorphosis growing, thereby obtain to culture required natural seeding, wild fry, realization Patinopecten yessoensis scale is collected seedling.
The place selection stormy waves of collecting seedling is less, and trend is unimpeded steadily, the sea area of not polluting, have the Patinopecten yessoensis larva to assemble; The seeding collecting season water temperature range is at 7～15 ℃, seawater transparency 〉=1.5m, salinity 30～33.
The facility of collecting seedling is mainly buoyant raft, forms by raft body, short wooden stake cable, short wooden stake, float, and raft height 80m～120m, raft spacing 7m～8m, perhaps the raft spacing is not less than 8m.Collector can adopt mesh bag, and mesh bag is made specification 47cm * 28cm, 49cm * 100cm, 40cm * 50cm or 100cm * 50cm with 12 order polypropylene gauzes; In the dress adherance be the two-way drawing-off net of polypropylene, each mesh bag 10～21g that packs into, adherance also can adopt aperture about 5mm polyethylene etting, view bag specification filling 15g～30g.According to the seed collection area depth of water, 30～40 mesh bags are linked to be 1 with the about 5mm polyethylene rope of diameter hang, common 2 mesh bags are organized the about 15cm～20cm of spacing to tying up into 1 group, and 15 groups～20 group 1 is hung.Concrete operations are as follows: mesh bag and adherance tying-up, and the shared bag rope even of per 30 mesh bags connects the long 6m of bag rope, is 360 monofilament or Φ 5mm polyethylene rope, and mesh bag whenever hangs 15 pairs to tying up; Each makes a call to seedling rope top and bottom one and buckles, bolt dropstone and lifting rope usefulness, and the heavy 3kg of dropstone, the long 1.8m of lifting rope is 360 monofilament or Φ 5mm polyethylene rope; Mesh bag is tied up and is being connected on the bag rope, and last lower bag mouth spacing 20cm will be rolled into bulk after the adherance stretching, influences seed harvesting amount for preventing the bottom that adherance concentrates on mesh bag.
The present invention collects seedling in order to realize scale, and by monitoring Patinopecten yessoensis parent shellfish gonad index variation, determine to lay eggs time started and spawning peak infer thus how much are egg laying amount and larva generating capacity, for the sea area spat collection prediction provides foundation; By monitoring sea area larva quantity and individual size, forecast is collected seedling the phase, throws in collector in good time and collects seedling.
At first, select representative Patinopecten yessoensis aquaculture sea area, monitor above bottom sowing culture shellfish and suspended longline farming shellfish in 2 ages.Mating season, average 1 all spot samplings 1 time, each point is got 20 pieces of close shellfishes at random at every turn, removes the aufwuch on scallop shell surface, cleans up, and measures shell height, gross weight etc. in order, with scalpel scallop left side shell is removed, and closed shell flesh is wanted complete reservation; The record sex is separated sexual gland from the position of byssal foramen with visceral mass, byssal foramen is retained on the sexual gland, sexual gland and soft body is free, behind suck dry moisture on the filter paper, weigh, soft body is stripped down from right shell, behind suck dry moisture on the filter paper, weigh, calculate the gonad index:
Gonad index=gonad weight/soft body heavy * 100%;
When the gonad index is descended suddenly by a peak value, illustrate that then close shellfish begins to lay eggs, when the gonad index significantly decreases, for example, descending about 1 week then is considered as egg production peak time more than 3%, then be considered as the egg-laying period more than 10% when the gonad index descends from peak.
After determining that close shellfish lays eggs, just can begin the monitoring of floating larvae quantity and size distribution, finish until the collector input.Sea area determining to throw in collector according to the enforcement layout of collecting seedling, is provided with several representative erect-position fixed point monitorings, monitors weekly April 1 time, and average 2～3 days of May, monitoring was 1 time.Make network interface area 0.1m with 260 orders or 200 order nylon mesh tulles
2Plankton net perhaps adopts shallow water 3 type plankton nets, vertically drags and gets 10m or the 5m (water layer of the depth of water＜10m);
The net bottom pipe content of plankton net is all poured in the 500ml specimen bottle, and the net bottom pipe cleans twice, adds 20ml formalin; Filter with the scalping thin,tough silk, large-scale animal and plant are removed in the aperture about 400 microns, with the precipitation method upper strata planktonic diatom is outwelled again; Sample is concentrated to 60～70ml at last, and is quantitative at microscopically, parallel quantitative 3 times of each sample, and each difference is less than 10%, and difference is excessive quantitative again; Under projecting apparatus, measure several Bivalve larva sizes of swimming, and carry out differential counting;
Also water sample can be condensed into 100ml～200ml, add formalin 5ml～10ml fixed sample, making the mass concentration of formaldehyde in sample is 5%, extracts 5ml～6ml from concentrate water sample, in anatomical lens or microscopically statistics Patinopecten yessoensis larva quantity, be converted into 1m then
3Patinopecten yessoensis larva quantity in the water body is measured embryophore length, statistics simultaneously greater than 200 μ m, 230 μ m with greater than the individual ratio of 250 μ m.
The individual ratio that accounts for total amount reaches more than 40% more than Bivalve floating larvae 200 μ m, perhaps the above individual number of the Bivalve floating larvae 230 μ m ratio that accounts for total amount reaches more than 20%, perhaps the above individuality of the Patinopecten yessoensis larva 250 μ m ratio that accounts for total amount reaches at 5%～10% o'clock, begins to throw in collector.In addition, according to specification and the sea area concrete condition etc. of collecting seedling,, also can when occurring, the above individuality of Patinopecten yessoensis larva 250 μ m begin to throw in collector in order not miss the opportunity of collecting seedling.In a word, according to larva investigation, throw in collector, if throw in too early, foreign material such as mud scum adhere to influence the Patinopecten yessoensis larva and adheres to it on, if cross late input, will miss and adhere to big individual amount peak in good time.
In addition, the egg-laying period of various bivalve shellfishs is relevant with the variation of water temperature, and scallop just can be laid eggs when water temperature reached 4 ℃ of left and right sides, therefore can infer concrete collecting seedling the date according to the variation of temperature measurement; Except the hydrology changes, also the time that can collect seedling substantially according to the sign forecast of phenology, for example, when mullet occurred, just can throw in collector mid-April.
Collector is thrown and to be hung on the buoyant raft, and spacing 0.8m～1.0m looks sea area ocean current situation, whenever hangs the collector bottom and hangs and tie up heavily about 1.5kg～3.0kg dropstone, and mesh bag is thrown the extension mode and should be hung from above, the about 4～5kg of increasing dropstone weight when flow velocity is big.The 1st networking bag should be apart from below water surface 3m～4m, if the not enough 10m of the depth of water, the 1st networking bag should be not less than 2m apart from the water surface, untouchable seabed, collector bottom of the withered time of tide, 2 meters in following end distance seabed.
Frequent inspection desk raft, net hang to have or not to stir and twine phenomenon behind the input collector, remove attached mud in good time, pinpoint the problems and in time handle, and guarantee that the young normally adheres to and adhere to the juvenile mollusk normal growth.Throw in collector after about 1 month, often by throwing in the collector different times, the sampling check juvenile mollusk adheres to quantity and individual size, checks assorted shellfish kind in the mesh bag of collecting seedling simultaneously, adheres to quantity, size and other biological adhesion condition etc., for minute seedling provides foundation opportunity.When dividing seedling should be chosen in the Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk opportunity to separate easily with assorted shellfish, usually at the average shell of Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk up to 3mm～5mm the time, begin the branch seedling.
According to the scale of collecting seedling, the preparation capacity is 1t～2t tank, sieve at different levels, plastic basin, mesh 0.5cm cylinder mould etc. in advance.The collector of fetching from the sea, untie and tie up rope, fully swing in tank, the juvenile mollusk that adheres on the etting in the juvenile mollusk that adheres on the mesh bag inside and outside wall and the bag rinsed wash in the groove, concentrate after reaching some, screen out assorted shellfish with sieve, the Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk is packed in the mesh 0.5cm mesh cylinder mould, return and be suspended to marine temporary supporting, about 260 pieces/layer～280 pieces/layer of dress cylinder mould density.
Below, collect seedling by the sea area of being implemented in Lvshun Huanghai Sea side, side sea area, the Bohai Sea, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
At No. 1 erect-position in side moon gulf, the Bohai Sea, Lvshun, the gonad index of monitoring suspended longline farming shellfish, by the end of April, May, the primary vaccination shellfish laid eggs in a large number, the gonad average index descends 4.5%, illustrate and enter spawning peak, so the trawlnet investigation sea area young, to mid-May the sea area a large amount of young appear first, 754/m of Bivalve larval density
3, the above big individuality of 200 μ m reaches 73.6%, and the above big individuality of 250 μ m reached 46.8% afterwards, threw bag and collected seedling.No. 1 erect-position sea area towing in moon gulf by the end of May records the about 1608/m of young density
3, wherein the above big individuality of 200 μ m accounts for the above big individuality of 78.7%, 250 μ m and reaches 55.6%, so the second time young adhere to the peak period and throw bag and collect seedling.
The input date of No. 1 erect-position collector in moon gulf, the quantity of collecting seedling, respectively shown in table 1～2, wherein, the bag quantity of collecting seedling is the seedling bag and beats the quantity of separating the 30 order mesh bags of packing into through artificial or machinery, return by actual collector bag number and to calculate, and the bag that the check and accept mid-July quantity of collecting seedling is much higher than the amount of counting of returning of 30 order mesh bags.
Table 1
Table 2
Carrying out the seedling bag by the end of July separates, the average high 9.5mm of shell, advance the 0.5cm order and breed cage, get 2,080,000 pieces of seedlings after sieving, as shown in table 3, after natural seeding, wild fry is bred through the centre, the high 3.24cm of 84.2% average shell in 10 months then, can reach three grades of seed commercial specifications by the end of October, and carrying out that the end is broadcast or aquaculture, natural seeding, wild fry has not only shortened the intermediate rearing time, and three grades of incubation rates are up to 91%, three grades of incubation rates that are higher than the artificial seed far away, this further specifies natural seeding, wild fry again and belongs to the good seed of resistance.
Table 3
Embodiment 2
Select representative Patinopecten yessoensis aquaculture sea area, respectively the suspended longline farming Patinopecten yessoensis gonad index in big Qin Dao, seven virtuous mountain ranges, Dalian monitored:
Big admire island suspended longline farming Patinopecten yessoensis during 29～April 5 March, the gonad index reduces to 24.39% from 27.91%, descends 3.52%, is around here spawning peak, and water temperature rises to 4.0 ℃ from 3.4 ℃; Occur one time spawning peak during 26～May 3 April again, the gonad index drops to 18.48% by 22.3%, descends 3.82%, and water temperature rises to 6.0 ℃ from 5.4 ℃, and so far the egg-laying period finishes substantially;
Dalian seven virtuous mountain range suspended longline farming Patinopecten yessoensis are during 14～March 21 March, and the gonad index reduces to 19.97% from 23.56%, descend 3.59%, are around here spawning peak, and water temperature rises to 3.7 ℃ from 3.4 ℃; Occur bigger spawning peak during 11～April 21 April again, the gonad index drops to 14.88% by 20.08%, descends 5.2%, and water temperature rises to 5.8 ℃ from 4.8 ℃.
No. 2 erect-positions, No. 3 erect-positions of Dong's lump carry out the sea area and collect seedling in moon gulf, and wherein, the investigation of the gonad index of No. 2 erect-positions in moon gulf is as shown in table 4.
Table 4
The sea young investigation of No. 3 erect-positions of Dong's lump is as shown in table 5, and wherein, total young quantity comprises the Patinopecten yessoensis young, the external young, the mussel young etc.
Table 5
As shown in Table 5, No. 3 erect-positions of Dong's lump are after May 13, and all kinds of young are individual to become big, and quantity also obviously increases, and the above young that adheres to of 250 μ m appears at 28～June 14 May, and the smooth quantity peak of adhering to the young of shrimp appears at June 6, reaches 1652/m
3No. 2 erect-positions in moon gulf, the above two individual sub-quantity peaks of 250 μ m appear at May 26 respectively and reach 673/m
3, reached 804/m on June 6
3Two sea areas all reach at 50% o'clock approximately the above larva of the long 200 μ m of shell, throw in collector, throw in date, the quantity of collecting seedling respectively shown in table 6～7.
Table 6
Table 7
By table 6～7 as can be known, late May and early June secondary peak and big individual peak, throw in collector in this peak period in good time, be the key of spatfall success.
In addition, adopt different collectors, its effect of collecting seedling also has nothing in common with each other, and for example, except that 12 order mesh bags, uses Japanese collector bag, the long 90cm softness of outer bag, green, thin, and mesh 0.4cm inner bag or the blue quality of the long 1m of lining adherance are hard, mesh 0.9cm; Hang from above with polythene net sheet monolithic and to collect seedling, the net sheet is the mesh 1cm of black or grey, net length of a film 50cm * wide 40cm; With mesh 1.5cm * 20 layer knotless net cage, in put the two-way drawing-off net of polyethylene 8～10g, net hangs (cylinder mould) spacing and is advisable with 0.9m, the lifting rope (buoyancy well rope rope) that connects float and floating well rope (raft body) is generally 480 monofilament or Φ 6mm polyethylene rope.
As shown in table 8, with the collector Unit Weight spatfall quantitative assessment effect of collecting seedling, its result is followed successively by, 12 order mesh bags 〉=Japanese collector bag 〉=30 orders mesh bag 〉=polyethylene knotted netting.How many cylinder moulds of collecting seedling can't be estimated with the Unit Weight spatfall, the collector of hanging owing to every the buoyant raft of collecting seedling hangs several identical, therefore, with every cylinder mould collect seedling the number with 12 order mesh bags whenever hang collect seedling the number compare, the cylinder mould 16340/cage (hanging) of collecting seedling, 12 order mesh bags collect seedling 26250/hang, obviously the mesh bag effect is better than cylinder mould.The characteristics of cylinder mould are to collect seedling to breed in the middle of can being used in after finishing, and save the cost of purchasing mesh bag, but the effect of not only collecting seedling do not have 12 order mesh bag height, and divide the seedling inconvenient operation, are not suitable for the production of collecting seedling on a large scale.Therefore, from production cost, easy to operate, the effect of collecting seedling is taken all factors into consideration, and adopts 12 order mesh bags in the production, promptly economical, make things convenient for again, collect seedling effective.
Table 8
| Collector | Specification cm | Release time | The quantity of collecting seedling | Juvenile mollusk size mm | Every gram adherance spatfall weight |
| 12 order mesh bags | 30×40 | May 29 | 875 pieces/bag | 3.8 | 109.38 |
| Japan's collector bag | 100×32 | June 2 | 1604 pieces/bag | 3.2 | 60.24 |
| 30 order mesh bags | 30×40 | June 2 | 1155 pieces/bag | 2.86 | 50.30 |
| The polyethylene knotted netting | 50×40 | June 2 | 515 pieces/sheet | 2.87 | 9.92 |
| 1.5cm mesh cylinder mould | Cylinder mould disk track 33cm * 20 layers | May 29 | 817 pieces/layer | 5.7 |
See the collect seedling effect of collecting seedling of water layer of difference again, random sampling is the collector of same date input not, the general residing water layer of collector all below 2～3m, is counted the quantity of collecting seedling of Patinopecten yessoensis in the collector bag that is in the upper, middle and lower water layer respectively, and the result shows, the collector bag of arbitrary release time, in, down water layer promptly the effect of collecting seedling of 5～6m be better than the upper strata, therefore, yielding ability is collected seedling, according to the sea area situation, as far as possible the collector throwing is hung over than profundal zone.
The back of collecting seedling divides seedling to advance the situation that cage is bred, and shown in table 9～10,80% reaches three grades of seed commercial specifications in the natural seeding, wild fry 10 months then, has shortened the intermediate rearing time.
Table 9
Table 10
Embodiment 3
Collect seedling in No. 4 erect-positions, No. 5 erect-positions of two road circles, No. 6 erect-positions of Dong's lump, No. 7 erect-position sea areas of twin islet in moon gulf.
The gonad index investigation of No. 6 erect-positions of Dong's lump sees table 11 for details.
Table 11
Also select representative Patinopecten yessoensis aquaculture sea area simultaneously, respectively the gonad index of little Chang Mount island, big Chang Mount island suspended longline farming shellfish is monitored.Little Chang Mount island suspended longline farming Patinopecten yessoensis, during 20～27 March, the gonad index drops to 19.44% by 26.24%, descends 6.8%, illustrates to enter spawning peak that water temperature rises to 5.2 ℃ by 4.5 ℃.Big Chang Mount island suspended longline farming Patinopecten yessoensis, during 19～26 March, the gonad index drops to 18.78% by 24.94%, descends 6.16%, illustrates during this it is spawning peak, and water temperature rises to 5.2 ℃ by 4.4 ℃.
The monitoring sea area young, No. 4 erect-positions in moon gulf, long 150～245 μ m of Patinopecten yessoensis embryophore on May 14 began to occur the big individual larva that is about to adhere on May 15; No. 6 erect-positions of Dong's lump, long 150～250 μ m of Patinopecten yessoensis embryophore on May 20 continue to May 29; The shell that each sea area occurred being about to adhere to from 14～June 1 May is grown the above larva of 250 μ m, so be respectively in each sea area larva ratio since May 14: the above individuality of the high 230 μ m of Bivalve embryophore accounted for Bivalve larva sum at 28%, 30%, 25%, 20% o'clock, throw in collector in batches, throw in date, the quantity of collecting seedling respectively shown in table 12～13.
Table 12
| Seed collection area | Throw in the date | Water temperature ℃ |
| No. 4 erect-positions in moon gulf | May 14,17,19 | 7.7～8.4 |
| No. 5 erect-positions of two road circles | May 14,15,17,19,26,27 | 7.7～8.7 |
| No. 6 erect-positions of Dong's lump | May 20,21,24～28 | 7.7～8.7 |
| No. 7 erect-positions of twin islet | May 24～28 | 8～8.7 |
Table 13
| Seed collection area | The bag quantity (individual/bag, layer) of collecting seedling | Throw bag (cage) total amount | The total amount of collecting seedling |
| No. 5 erect-positions of moon gulf No. 4 erect-positions two road circles | 69.4 | 2462910 bags | 1.71 hundred million |
| No. 6 erect-positions of Dong's lump | 122.2 | 2860084 bags | 3.495 hundred million |
| No. 7 erect-positions of twin islet | 97.5 | 4365870 bags | 4.255 hundred million |
| Add up to | 9888860 bags | 9.46 hundred million |
Collect seedling back and time-division seedling are separated the Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk from assorted shellfish, carry out the branch seedling usually when the high 3mm of the average shell of the Patinopecten yessoensis left and right sides.If divide seedling late, the Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk is twined and can't separate by a large amount of mussel byssus, if morning, Patinopecten yessoensis juvenile mollusk individuality is less than normal, when sieving loss very big, make sieve seed reduce, therefore get hold of branch seedling opportunity, divide seedling is to collect seedling to improve key one ring of the efficient of collecting seedling in producing in good time.
For example, as shown in table 14, divide seedling since June 29, to end of day in July 9, to throw and hang during the collector, the floating larvae averag density of No. 4 erect-positions in moon gulf, No. 5 erect-positions of two road circles, No. 6 erect-positions of Dong's lump, No. 7 erect-positions of twin islet is respectively 39/m
3, 38/m
3, 33/m
3, 23/m
3Though other sea areas are big slightly relatively for moon gulf No. 4 erect-position floating larvaes averag density, but its July 1 the bu seedling finished 26.9%, and in bu seedling end in July 6, gained bag seed harvesting amount is well below 100/bag, and other sea areas July 1 the bu seedling finish about 10%, in bu seedling end in July 9, gained bag seed harvesting amount is above 100/bag, this shows, No. 4 erect-positions in moon gulf divide the seedling time early than other sea areas, so the seed par that each collector bag is utilized is less than the sea area of dividing seedling other evenings.
The situation of dividing the laggard cage of seedling to breed is respectively shown in table 14～15.
Table 14
Table 15
Embodiment 4
Select representative Patinopecten yessoensis aquaculture sea area, monitor respectively and broadcast shellfish and wide deer island suspended longline farming shellfish gonad index variation at the bottom of the river deer island, determine the egg-laying period.Late Febuary showed by the monitoring of gonad index to late April:
Shellfish is broadcast at the end, and during 1～April 9 April, index descends obviously, drops to 23.02% by 27.58%, descends 4.56%, illustrate to enter spawning peak that water temperature rises to 4.1 ℃ by 3.6 ℃, the basic end of laying eggs later on April 24;
The buoyant raft shellfish, on March 14～31, index drops to 23.42% by 25.7%, descends 2.28%, and water temperature rises to 3.8 ℃ by 2.3 ℃, during April 9 to April 17, index obviously descends, and drops to 20.67%, decline 5.07% by 25.74%, illustrate to enter spawning peak that basic the end laid eggs about April 24.
Seed collection area is located at No. 8 erect-positions of Dong's lump and No. 9 erect-positions of twin islet, and every day is monitored this two sea area larva quantity and size in beginning at the beginning of 5 months, occurs the Patinopecten yessoensis young at the beginning of 5 months, 239/m of Dong's lump on May 15 No. 8 erect-position sea areas larval density
3, maximum individual 265 μ m, the above larva of 250 μ m is about 15.66%, 156/m of No. 9 erect-position sea areas of twin islet larval density
3Maximum individual 270 μ m, the above larva of 250 μ m about 12.5%, these two sea area larval densities are suitable substantially, the quantity peak all appeared at during May 15 to May 19, so since May 15 to May 23 days, be respectively in each sea area larva ratio: the above individuality of the high 250 μ m of Patinopecten yessoensis embryophore accounted for Bivalve larva sum at 5%, 7.6%, 8.2%, 10% o'clock, throw in collector, the situation of collecting seedling is shown in table 16 in batches.Simultaneously,, make full use of low raft district in order to obtain better to collect seedling effect, improves every hang number and collector bag number, these two sea area yielding abilitys are collected seedling, 209/bag of spatfalls, the high 2.91mm of shell, average behind the branch seedling must seedling 90/bag, amount to 8.77 hundred million pieces of seedlings.
Table 16
| Seed collection area | Collector is thrown in the date | Patinopecten yessoensis larva averag density/m 3 | Ten thousand of collector bag quantity | Divide the seedling time | Average spatfall density/bag | Hundred million pieces of seed harvesting amounts |
| No. 8 erect-positions of Dong's lump | On May 15～23 | 182 | 512.550 | 28～July 11 June | 77 | 3.97 |
| No. 9 erect-positions of twin islet | On May 15～23 | 191 | 468.283 | 28～July 11 June | 102 | 4.80 |
| Add up to | 980.833 | 90 | 8.77 |
In sum, in Lvshun Huanghai Sea side, side sea area, the Bohai Sea, implement Japanese scallop sea area breeding method of the present invention:
The result collects seedling from the sea area, shown in table 17, collect seedling 27.03 hundred million pieces in common acquisition 0.5cm left and right sides Patinopecten yessoensis seed of yielding ability can be cultivated into the above aquaculture of average 3cm fully before by the end of October then and use seed, collect seedling and not only have productive value in the sea area, and economic benefit is considerable;
Table 17
From district's kind of the shellfish gonad index variation of collecting seedling, and relevant sea area kind shellfish gonad index variation, before 4 ℃ of the water temperatures, be in sexual gland and grow period, grossness is not laid eggs day by day; After 4 ℃, count roughly during early April, as seen lay eggs on a small quantity, the drop of gonad index is little; Enter mid-April, 5～6 ℃ of water temperatures, the individuality of laying eggs increases, and the index drop obviously enters spawning peak, and lasts till the first tenday period of a month in May.As seen water temperature is the decisive factor that Patinopecten yessoensis is laid eggs, 4 ℃ of primiparity, and 5～6 ℃ enter the peak, can continue to 9～10 ℃ always.This characteristics of laying eggs have brought up the young peak of collect seedling a late May and early June and have adhered to the peak.
From the opportunity of collecting seedling, get hold of two young peaks and adhere to young peak very important, especially second peak is the opportunity that emphasis utilizes early June, and for example, the bag spatfall that threw between June 2～8 in No. 3 erect-position sea areas of embodiment 2 Dong's lumps is measured the bag that all is better than under any given day in May.
From collector, take all factors into consideration with production cost, operation convenience, the effect of collecting seedling, adopt 12 order mesh bags in the production, promptly economical, convenient again, the effect of collecting seedling is better, the effect of collecting seedling with in, water layer 5～6m is better down.
From three grades of incubation rates, higher middle incubation rate proves absolutely that implementing the present invention adopts good, the strong stress resistance of the natural seeding, wild fry that obtains.
In addition, the present invention has realized that in Lvshun Huanghai Sea side, side sea area, the Bohai Sea Patinopecten yessoensis scale sea area collects seedling:
Opened up the source channel of green natural seed, and collect seedling in the sea area cost is low, high efficiency, easy to operate, be easy to promote, the especially this mode of production does not have big energy resource consumption, environmentally safe is a kind of energy-saving and emission-reducing seed mode of production;
The sea area is collected seedling affected by environment bigger, but natural seeding, wild fry survives through natural selection, and environment is had strong adaptive capacity, helps aquaculture production; In order further to confirm the advantage of natural seeding, wild fry, utilize the natural seeding, wild fry of collection and the seed of total man worker's cultivation to carry out culture experiment, find by 16 months tests, day growth amount and the survival rate of wild seedling all are higher than artificial seedling, especially under severe environmental conditions, wild seedling more can show its growth vigor and resistance;
Collect seedling also to the development of seed industry and implement healthy aquaculture and play an important role in the sea area.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, is not to be used to limit protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. Japanese scallop sea area breeding method, in mating season sea area Patinopecten yessoensis parent shellfish is carried out the monitoring of gonad index, after the Monitoring Data demonstration is laid eggs, carry out larva quantity, kind and individual size monitoring in the sea area that the Patinopecten yessoensis larva occurs, it is characterized in that, in the sea area of determining to throw in collector, according to the enforcement layout of collecting seedling, representative erect-position fixed point monitoring is set, makes network interface area 0.1m with 260 orders or 200 order nylon mesh tulles
2Plankton net perhaps adopts shallow water 3 type plankton nets, vertically drags and gets 10m or 5m water layer; The net bottom pipe content of plankton net is all poured in the 500ml specimen bottle, and the net bottom pipe cleans twice, adds 20ml formalin; With the aperture is that 400 μ m scalping thin,tough silk filter, and removes large-scale animal and plant, with the precipitation method upper strata planktonic diatom is outwelled again; Sample is concentrated to 60～70ml at last, and is quantitative at microscopically, parallel quantitative 3 times of each sample, and each difference is less than 10%, and difference is excessive quantitative again; Under projecting apparatus, measure several Bivalve larva sizes of swimming, and carry out differential counting; Measure embryophore length, statistics greater than the individual ratio of 250 μ m, the above individual ratio of the high 250 μ m of Patinopecten yessoensis embryophore reaches at 5%～10% o'clock, begins to throw in collector and collects seedling.
2. Japanese scallop sea area breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described gonad index is in Patinopecten yessoensis breeding period, average 1 week is measured 1 time, gonad index=sexual gland weight/soft body is heavy by * 100%, and this monitoring shows that gonad index descends 3% when above, measures 1 time sea area larva quantity and individual big or small in average 2～3 days, monitoring is about to adhere to the larva ratio, and throws and hang collector.
3. a kind of Japanese scallop sea area breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described collector is a mesh bag, adherance is packed in the mesh bag, when adherance is the two-way drawing-off net of polypropylene, each mesh bag 10～21g adherance of packing into, when adopting aperture about 5mm polyethylene etting to be adherance, each mesh bag 15～30g adherance of packing into.
4. Japanese scallop sea area breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described collector water layer of collecting seedling of living in is 5～6m.
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| CN102100199A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-06-22 | 大连獐子岛渔业集团股份有限公司 | Method for culturing one-year patinopecten yesoensis |
| CN103162733A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-06-19 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Eriocheir sinensis juvenile crab density measuring method at Yangtze estuary |
| CN104663587B (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2020-01-07 | 昌邑浩源养殖有限公司 | Breeding method for shortening float period of urechis unicinctus larvae |
| CN107318723A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-07 | 姜楠 | A kind of culturing marine products method |
| CN108575931B (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2021-02-05 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | Method for capturing juvenile Solen grandis in nursery pond |
| CN114375888A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-22 | 山东交通学院 | Recapture rate analysis method for evaluating marine fishery organism proliferation effect |
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