CN1016049B - 铝及铝合金软钎焊助焊剂及其用途 - Google Patents

铝及铝合金软钎焊助焊剂及其用途

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Publication number
CN1016049B
CN1016049B CN 88100868 CN88100868A CN1016049B CN 1016049 B CN1016049 B CN 1016049B CN 88100868 CN88100868 CN 88100868 CN 88100868 A CN88100868 A CN 88100868A CN 1016049 B CN1016049 B CN 1016049B
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China
Prior art keywords
solder
alloy
scaling powder
soft soldering
aluminium
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CN 88100868
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CN1035073A (zh
Inventor
丁友真
李昭昭
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Fujian Normal University
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Fujian Normal University
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Priority to CN 88100868 priority Critical patent/CN1016049B/zh
Publication of CN1035073A publication Critical patent/CN1035073A/zh
Publication of CN1016049B publication Critical patent/CN1016049B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3606Borates or B-oxides

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明是关于铝及铝合金软钎焊助焊剂及其用途的发明。本发明配制的助焊剂成分及重量百分比为:三乙烯四胺氟硼酸盐10,氟硼酸镍5,氟硼酸铅5,二(B-羟基乙胺)80。使用本发明的助焊剂拉制成的活性芯软钎焊丝的成分及重量百分比为:钎料97-99,助焊剂1-3。本发明的助焊剂适用于铝及铝合金、不锈钢、镍基合金、铁镀锌、铜及铜合金材料,尤其适用于上述材料制成的灯头软纤焊。

Description

本发明是关于铝及铝合金软钎焊助焊剂及使用该助焊剂制成的活性芯软钎焊丝。本发明的助焊剂也适用于不锈钢、镍基合金、铁镀锌、铜及铜合金等材料的软钎焊,尤其适用于上述材料制成的软钎焊丝。
铝是化学性质很活泼的金属,容易氧化,铝及铝合金放置在空气中,表面形成一层致密稳定的氧化膜,其熔点高达二千度,很难进行软钎焊。为了推广软钎焊工艺,人们致力于研制有效的助焊剂。例如英国专利GB1.182,440(1970)描述了用于铝及铝合金软钎焊的助焊剂:三乙醇胺67,乙醇胺14,氧化锌5(重量5%)。上述助焊剂对铝灯头软钎焊效果不佳,因为灯头需用的材料是铝镁锰合金,在制造时必需与温度高达700-800℃的熔融玻璃接合,发生铝合金过烧现象,使金属表面的氧化膜更加复杂,增加了软钎焊的困难。后来,有些专利报导了用碱金属、碱土金属的无机盐混合物做为助焊剂。例如日本公开特许JP61,232,092(1986)描述了用于铝镁合金的助焊剂∶氟化锶24,氟化钾48,氟化铝28(摩尔%)。苏联专利SU944,845描述了铝软钎焊助焊剂∶四氟硼酸锌10-15,三乙醇胺85-90(重量%)。但这两类助焊剂也不适用于铝灯头软钎焊。因为其一:该助焊剂在450℃以上才能发挥作用,而灯泡玻璃不能承受这么高的温度。其二、这两类助焊剂对铜及铜合金的助焊能力很差,灯炮则要求将灯头(铝合金、铜镍合金等)与导电铜丝牢固钎接。其三:灯炮行业流水线要求将助焊剂灌入空心钎焊丝中,制成活性芯钎焊丝。上述助焊剂在130℃以下无法成为均匀的流体,不适于钎焊丝生产线。其四,这类助焊剂通常要求在惰性气体如氮气、氩气中钎接,增加了操作的困难和费用。
本发明的任务是:第一,研制有效的去氧化膜剂,它能在钎焊温度下迅速 破坏氧化膜,露出基体金属。第二,研制适当的覆盖剂,它能沉积在金属表面,形成活性金属层,有利于基体金属与钎料的结合。第三,研制适当的界面活性剂,它能减少熔融钎料与金属之间的表面强力,使钎料与基体金属相互润温,并通过活性金属层紧密钎接。第四,软钎焊操作温度应低于350℃。第五,设计合理的配方,使助焊剂在130℃以下呈均匀流体,适于灌入空心焊丝中,拉制成活性芯软钎焊丝。为完成以上任务,本发明的技术解决方案是:第一,适当的去氧膜剂、覆盖剂和界面活性剂,其成分及重量百分比为:
三乙烯四胺氟硼酸盐    10
氟硼酸铅    5
氟硼酸镍    5
二(B-羟基乙胺)    80
第二,使用本发明的铝合金软钎焊助焊剂,拉制成活性芯软钎焊丝,其成分及重量百分比为:
钎料    97-99
其中:铅    35-80
锡    15-60
锌    2-10
助焊剂    1-3
以上描述是本发明所提供的主要技术特征,因为第一,通过实践研制出含烃胺或胺类氟硼酸盐做为去氧化膜剂,它的熔点及分解温度比无机盐低,在300℃以下就能迅速分解,分解产物挤入氧化铝的晶格中,与金属铝形成络合物中间体,从而使氧化膜发生溶胀、松动,导致致密的氧化膜出现裂缝,露出金属铝,有利于钎料渗入。含烃胺或胺类的氟硼酸盐受热分解生成的另一产物-胺是一种还原剂,它在焊点周围形成保护气氛,防止金属 铝重新被空气氧化,使铝及合金软钎焊可以在空气中进行,大大简化了操作手续,降低成本。同时对于铜及合金、银、铁镀锌材料的软钎焊,胺是良好的助焊剂。第二、通过软钎焊助焊机理探讨实验认为,铝等基体金属与钎料的结合力差,如果能通过与钎料结合较好的金属,例如锡、铅、镉、锌、铜等,先与基体金属生成活性金属层,覆盖在基体金属表面,将有利于基体金属与钎料的结合,本发明以重金属氟硼酸盐为覆盖剂,这些金属(以M表示)的还原电位大于铝。在钎焊温度下,覆盖剂由氧化膜裂缝处渗入,迅速与金属铝反应,在铝表面还原出金属M,新生成的金属M沉积在铝材表面,形成铝-M活性合金层,使氧化膜进一步破裂脱落。该活性合金层改善了基体金属与钎料之间的结合。第三、本发明以氨基醇为界面活性剂,它能减少钎料与基体金属之间的表面张力,使熔融钎料与金属互相润湿,同时在钎接时起导热作用。第四,本发明的助焊剂,由于采用熔点和分解温度较低的去氧化膜剂,使软钎焊操作温度低到280-350℃。第五,氨基醇是极性有机溶剂,它能顺利溶解去氧化膜剂覆盖剂,使本发明的助焊剂能成为均匀的流体,可顺利灌入空心焊丝中,拉制成多芯钎焊丝,也可以直接在被焊部位使用。
按照本发明配方制造的助焊剂,以及该助焊剂为活性芯拉制成的软钎焊丝,可以顺利软钎焊铝锰镁合金,例如中国LF21、304、英、日3004、美3003,苏联AMII等合金材料,以及由这些合金材料加工制成的灯头及其它器件,也可以顺利软钎焊各种不锈钢、铁镀锌、铜及铜合金、铜镀镍、镍基合金以及由这些合金材料加工制成的灯头及其它器件。本发明的助焊剂钎焊操作温度较低,钎接速度快,效果好,既可在流水线上使用,也适于快速手工钎焊。
本发明实施如下:
实施例一:(助焊剂的配方)
三乙烯四胺氟硼酸盐    10
氟硼酸镍    5
氟硼酸铅    5
二(B-羟基乙胺)    80
实施例二:(活性芯软钎焊丝的配方)
钎料    98
钎料的组成及重量百分比为:
铅:    75
锡    23
锌    2
助焊剂    2
助焊剂的组成及重量百分比为:
三乙烯四胺氟硼酸盐    10
氟硼酸镍    5
氟硼酸铅    5
二(B-羟基乙胺)    80

Claims (2)

1、一种铝及铝合金软钎焊助焊剂,其特征是该助焊剂的成分及重量百分比为:
三乙烯四胺氟硼酸盐  10
氟硼酸镍            5
氟硼酸铅            5
二(B-羟基乙胺)      80
2、使用权利要求1所限定的铝合金软钎焊助焊剂,拉制成活性芯软钎焊丝的成分及重量百分比为:
钎料:  97-99
其中:铅:  35-80
锡:  15-60
锌:  2-10
助焊剂:  1-3
CN 88100868 1988-02-16 1988-02-16 铝及铝合金软钎焊助焊剂及其用途 Expired CN1016049B (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1862251A4 (en) * 2005-03-25 2009-07-29 Jemco Inc POWDER FLOW FOR BRAZING ALUMINUM MATERIALS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE FLOW IN POWDER
CN101204762B (zh) * 2007-12-25 2011-02-16 昆山成利焊锡制造有限公司 铝及铝合金用软钎焊金属置换型无铅焊助焊剂
CN101274397B (zh) * 2008-05-21 2010-06-02 哈尔滨工业大学 一种用于镍基高温合金tig焊的活性剂及其使用方法
CN101480764B (zh) * 2009-02-05 2013-11-06 深圳市亿铖达工业有限公司 水溶性铝及铝合金软钎焊钎剂及其制备方法
CN102139425B (zh) * 2011-04-13 2013-02-06 广州瀚源电子科技有限公司 一种铝软钎焊用高可靠性助焊剂
EP2862667B1 (en) * 2012-06-11 2018-08-01 Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd Flux composition, liquid flux, resin flux cored solder, and solder paste
CN102922162B (zh) * 2012-11-01 2014-11-26 青岛英太克锡业科技有限公司 一种焊铝锡膏及其制备方法
CN108620764B (zh) * 2017-03-24 2022-03-08 苏州昭舜物联科技有限公司 低温软钎焊接用焊膏及制备方法
US20190039189A1 (en) * 2017-08-03 2019-02-07 Honeywell International Inc. Free flowing potassium aluminum fluoride flux agent
CN114871630A (zh) * 2022-06-27 2022-08-09 浙江亚通焊材有限公司 一种深冷容器钎焊用焊材及深冷容器钎焊工艺

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