CN101598797A - A kind of method that realizes rugged topography remote sensing scene simulation - Google Patents
A kind of method that realizes rugged topography remote sensing scene simulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN101598797A CN101598797A CNA2009100893369A CN200910089336A CN101598797A CN 101598797 A CN101598797 A CN 101598797A CN A2009100893369 A CNA2009100893369 A CN A2009100893369A CN 200910089336 A CN200910089336 A CN 200910089336A CN 101598797 A CN101598797 A CN 101598797A
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Abstract
A kind of method that realizes rugged topography remote sensing scene simulation, (1), obtains on the level ground sun direct projection and atmospheric scattering irradiance and the up transmitance of atmosphere, atmospheric path radiation with time of simulated scenario, geographic coordinate, atmospheric condition input intermediate light spectral resolution atmospheric transmissivity model M odtran; (2) input solar zenith angle, position angle and digital elevation model calculates the gradient, aspect, solar incident angle, the visual factor of sky, the visual factor of landform and shadow region; (3) by the sun direct projection on the level ground, atmospheric scattering irradiance and earth surface reflection rate data, utilize sun direct projection irradiance and atmospheric scattering irradiance on the gradient, solar incident angle, the visual factor of sky, the visual factor of landform and the shadow region calculating rolling ground, clutter reflections irradiance around calculating, this three part is formed the solar global irradiance that the face of land receives; (4) utilize earth surface reflection rate data, the up transmitance of atmosphere and atmospheric path radiation, generate the spoke brightness data of ground each point at sensor entrance pupil place.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that realizes rugged topography remote sensing scene simulation, the method that particularly a kind of rugged topography lower sensor entrance pupil spoke brightness data generates, having important value aspect calculating of face of land irradiance and the remotely sensed image emulation, belong to remotely sensed image analogue technique field.
Background technology
The generation of sensor entrance pupil spoke brightness data is the gordian technique of remote sensing scenario simulation.Under the smooth homogeneous situation in the face of land, the illumination that ground receives comprises direct sunlight and atmospheric scattering light two parts.These two parts enter sensor after ground return, propagation in atmosphere, enter the atmospheric path radiation that also has of sensor simultaneously.In the reality, landform height fluctuations, atmospheric path radiation is not influenced by topographic relief; But direct sunlight that ground receives and atmospheric scattering light change, and topographic relief causes object reflection on every side simultaneously.Especially topographic relief makes partly that millet cake is in the shade, can't receive direct sunlight, forms the lower zone of brightness on remote sensing images, brings difficulty to atural object identification and classification.Because the influence of topography relates to complex interactions process between the sun, atural object, atmosphere and the sensor, the generation of rugged topography lower sensor entrance pupil spoke brightness data is a difficult point problem of research always.
Under the smooth homogeneous hypothesis in the face of land, intermediate light spectral resolution atmospheric transmissivity model M odtran and other atmospheric radiation transmission, by with stratification of atmosphere, consider the composition and the transmitance of every atmosphere, use radiation transfer equation successively to calculate direct light and the transmission of scattered light in atmosphere, find the solution each radial component, realize the calculating of sensor entrance pupil place's spoke brightness.Under the truth, landform height fluctuations, the spoke brightness of spoke brightness that these methods are calculated and sensor entrance pupil actual reception has greater difference.Be suitable for the less of rugged topography in the existing remote sensing scenario simulation technology.The general thinking of the remote sensing scenario simulation method of existing consideration topographic relief is: utilize atmosphere radiation transmitting softwares such as Modtran, obtain the irradiance that receives on the level ground, use the various terrain informations that extract in the digital elevation model that it is transformed into the irradiance that ground receives under the rugged topography then, consider atmosphere radiation transmission and atmospheric path radiation at last, generate the spoke brightness data at sensor entrance pupil place.
The irradiance that the level ground is received is transformed into and relates to numerous factors under the rugged topography, all takes simplified way in the existing technologies: the one, only consider the influence of low order item, with the nonlinear computation process linearization of complexity; The 2nd, ignore the part factor, simplify the landform information extraction.The irradiance that rolling ground receives is a complicated nonlinear computation process, and linearization will bring error to analog result.Ignore the some effects factor and simplify the landform information extraction, cause the analog result precision not high, the condition of side by side expressing one's feelings is complicated and changeable, generally influence less negligible factor, in some cases, become and to ignore, cause the spoke brightness of analog result and sensor entrance pupil actual reception bigger discrepancy to occur.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that realizes rugged topography remote sensing scene simulation, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, based on the atmosphere radiation transmission course, accurately generate sensor entrance pupil spoke brightness data, realize the high-precision analog of any rugged topography remote sensing scene.
Technical solution of the present invention is: use various terrain informations, the irradiance that the level ground that utilizes Modtran to obtain is received is transformed under the rolling ground, and clutter reflections irradiance around calculating, then behind ground return, propagation in atmosphere, stack atmospheric path radiation, generate the spoke brightness data of ground point at sensor entrance pupil place, realize the accurate simulation of rugged topography remote sensing scene, its concrete steps are as follows:
(1), from the Modtran output file, obtains on the level ground sun direct projection and atmospheric scattering irradiance and the up transmitance of atmosphere, atmospheric path radiation with simulated scenario time, geographic coordinate, atmospheric condition input Modtran;
(2) solar zenith angle, position angle, the digital elevation model of input survey region calculate the gradient, aspect, solar incident angle, the visual factor of sky, the visual factor of landform and shadow region;
(3) by the sun direct projection on the level ground, atmospheric scattering irradiance and earth surface reflection rate data, utilize sun direct projection irradiance and atmospheric scattering irradiance on the gradient, solar incident angle, the visual factor of sky, the visual factor of landform and the shadow region calculating rolling ground, clutter reflections irradiance around calculating simultaneously, this three part is formed the solar global irradiance that the face of land receives;
(4) utilize earth surface reflection rate data, the up transmitance of atmosphere and atmospheric path radiation, generate the spoke brightness data of ground each point at sensor entrance pupil place;
Wherein, being calculated as follows of the visual factor of solar incident angle, sky described in the step (2), the visual factor of landform, shadow region:
The concrete calculating of solar incident angle according to:
i=acos(cosScosφ
s+sinSsinAcos(θs-A))
Wherein, S is the gradient, and A is an aspect, φ
sBe solar zenith angle, θ s is a solar azimuth.
The visual factor representation of sky ground receives the ratio of atmospheric scattering light, and it is worth between 0~1, concrete calculate according to:
Wherein, V
dBe the visual factor of sky, S is the gradient, and A is an aspect, H
φFor
Maximum sky subtended angle on the direction,
0 °~360 ° of values
The visual factor complementation of the visual factor of landform and sky, concrete calculating according to V
t=1-V
d
The shadow region comprises from shade and cast shadow two parts.Be meant that from shade ground point is on the aspect that deviates from the sun, can't receive solar light irradiation; Cast shadow is that ground point is in the shadow region owing to atural object around the sunshine quilt blocks.Concrete calculate according to: less than 0 °, cast shadow uses Image Synthesis by Ray Tracing to judge from the solar incident angle of shadow spots.
Wherein, the sun direct projection irradiance on the rolling ground described in the step (3), atmospheric scattering irradiance and being calculated as follows of clutter reflections irradiance on every side:
Sun direct projection irradiance on the rolling ground utilizes solar incident angle, level ground sun direct projection irradiance and shadow region situation to calculate, concrete calculate according to:
Wherein, E
DirBe the sun direct projection irradiance on the rolling ground, E
d hBe the solar irradiance on the level ground, i is a solar incident angle, and b is that shade characterizes coefficient, is 0 when being in shade, otherwise is 1.
Atmospheric scattering irradiance on the rolling ground utilizes the gradient, solar incident angle, the visual factor of sky and shadow region situation, receives the atmospheric scattering irradiance by the level ground and transforms and to come, concrete calculate according to:
Wherein, E
DifBe the atmospheric scattering irradiance on the rolling ground, E
f hBe the atmospheric scattering irradiance on the level ground, φ
sBe solar zenith angle, V
dBe the visual factor of sky, k is a scale-up factor, characterizes the anisotropic degree of atmospheric scattering.
The clutter reflections irradiance is obtained by the sun direct projection on earth surface reflection rate, the rolling ground and atmospheric scattering irradiance and the visual factor of landform around on the rolling ground, concrete calculate according to:
E
adj=ρ(E
dir+E
dif)V
t
Wherein, E
AdjBe the clutter reflections irradiance on every side on the rolling ground, ρ is a face of land average reflectance, E
DirBe the sun direct projection irradiance on the rolling ground, E
DifBe the atmospheric scattering irradiance on the rolling ground, V
tBe the visual factor of landform.
Wherein, every bit corresponding sensor entrance pupil place, ground spoke brightness data described in the step (4), each irradiance that receives by the face of land: sun direct projection irradiance, atmospheric scattering irradiance and clutter reflections irradiance on every side, in conjunction with face of land reflectivity, the up transmitance of atmosphere obtains, concrete calculate according to:
l=τ[E
dir+E
dif+E
adj]ρ/π+l
path
Wherein, l is the spoke brightness of ground point at sensor entrance pupil place, E
Dir, E
DifAnd E
AdjBe respectively sun direct projection that rolling ground receives, atmospheric scattering and clutter reflections irradiance on every side, l
PathBe the journey radiance, τ is the up transmitance of atmosphere, and ρ is the earth surface reflection rate.
A kind of method that realizes rugged topography remote sensing scene simulation of the present invention, advantage compared with prior art is:
(1) the present invention uses the gradient, aspect, the visual factor of sky, the visual factor of landform and shadow region to come the system description topographic relief, non-linear process based on complexity accurately calculates the irradiance that the face of land receives, accurately generate sensor entrance pupil spoke brightness data, realize the high-precision analog of any rugged topography remote sensing scene, corrected the error that prior art takes linearization calculation to bring.
(2) the various terrain informations of accurate Calculation of the present invention, consider sun direct projection irradiance that the face of land receives, atmospheric scattering irradiance and clutter reflections irradiance on every side comprehensively, overcome prior art and ignore the part factor and simplify the simulation error that the landform information extraction brings, improved simulation precision.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of process flow diagram of realizing the method for rugged topography remote sensing scene simulation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Driving imperial regional remote sensing scenario simulation process with Tibet is example, and as shown in Figure 1, specific implementation method of the present invention is as follows:
(1) simulated scenario time, geographic coordinate, atmospheric condition input Modtran are obtained on the level ground sun direct projection and atmospheric scattering irradiance and the up transmitance of atmosphere, atmospheric path radiation.
Use Tibet to drive digital elevation model and the earth surface reflection rate data of imperial regional ground resolution as 30m.The simulated scenario time is set to 10:6:56 in the morning on the 3rd April in 2002, and atmospheric condition United States standard atmosphere middle latitude summer, the regional center geographic coordinate is 29.98 ° of N, 36.37 ° of E.Repeatedly move Modtran and from output file, obtain sun direct projection irradiance, atmospheric scattering irradiance, the up transmitance of atmosphere and the atmospheric path radiation that the level ground receives.
(2) digital elevation model of input survey region according to solar zenith angle, position angle, calculates ground inclination, aspect, solar incident angle, the visual factor of sky, the visual factor of landform and shadow region.
Under simulated time of setting and geographic coordinate, the concrete calculating of solar incident angle i according to:
i=acos(cosScosφ
s+sinSsinAcos(θs-A))
Wherein, i is a solar incident angle, and S is the gradient, and A is an aspect, φ
sBe 63.54 ° of solar zenith angles, θ s is 260.14 ° of solar azimuths.
The visual factor representation of sky ground receives the ratio of sky scattering light, and it is worth between 0~1, concrete calculate according to:
Wherein, V
dBe the visual factor of sky, S is the gradient, and A is an aspect, H
φFor
Maximum sky subtended angle on the direction,
0 °~360 ° of values.
The visual factor complementation of the visual factor of landform and sky, concrete calculating according to V
t=1-V
d
The shadow region comprises from shade and cast shadow two parts.Be meant that from shade ground point is on the aspect that deviates from the sun, can't receive solar light irradiation; Cast shadow is that ground point is in the shadow region owing to atural object around the sunshine quilt blocks.Concrete calculate according to: less than 0 °, cast shadow uses Image Synthesis by Ray Tracing to judge from the solar incident angle of shadow spots.
(3) by the sun direct projection on the level ground, atmospheric scattering irradiance and earth surface reflection rate data, utilize sun direct projection and atmospheric scattering irradiance on the gradient, solar incident angle, the visual factor of sky, the visual factor of landform and the shadow region calculating rolling ground, and clutter reflections irradiance around calculating.
Sun direct projection irradiance on the rolling ground utilizes solar incident angle, level ground sun direct projection irradiance and shadow region situation to calculate, and computing formula is:
Wherein, E
DirBe the sun direct projection irradiance on the rolling ground, E
d hBe the solar irradiance on the level ground, i is a solar incident angle, and b is that shade characterizes coefficient, is 0 when being in shade, otherwise is 1.
Atmospheric scattering irradiance on the rolling ground is to utilize the gradient, solar incident angle, the visual factor of sky and shadow region situation, receives the conversion of atmospheric scattering irradiance by the level ground and comes, and computing formula is:
Wherein, E
DifBe the atmospheric scattering irradiance on the rolling ground, E
f hBe the atmospheric scattering irradiance on the level ground, φ
sBe solar zenith angle, V
dBe the visual factor of sky, k is a scale-up factor, characterizes the anisotropic degree of atmospheric scattering.
The clutter reflections irradiance is obtained by the sun direct projection on earth surface reflection rate, the rolling ground and atmospheric scattering irradiance and the visual factor of landform around on the rolling ground, and computing formula is:
E
adj=ρ(E
dir+E
dif)V
t
Wherein, E
AdjBe the clutter reflections irradiance on every side on the rolling ground, ρ is a face of land average reflectance, E
DirBe the sun direct projection irradiance on the rolling ground, E
DifBe the atmospheric scattering irradiance on the rolling ground, V
tBe the visual factor of landform.
(4) utilize earth surface reflection rate data, the up transmitance of atmosphere and atmospheric path radiation, generate the spoke brightness data of ground each point at sensor entrance pupil place.
Each irradiation tolerance that receives by ground: sun direct projection irradiance, atmospheric scattering irradiance and clutter reflections irradiance on every side, in conjunction with face of land reflectivity, the up transmitance of atmosphere, specifically according to:
l=τ[E
dir+E
dif+E
adj]ρ/π+l
path
Generate every bit corresponding sensor entrance pupil place, ground spoke brightness data.Wherein, l is the spoke brightness of ground point at sensor entrance pupil place, E
Dir, E
DifAnd E
AdjBe respectively sun direct projection that rolling ground receives, atmospheric scattering and clutter reflections irradiance on every side, l
PathBe the journey radiance, τ is the up transmitance of atmosphere, and ρ is the earth surface reflection rate.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of method that realizes rugged topography remote sensing scene simulation is characterized in that: comprise following steps:
(1), from the Modtran output file, obtains on the level ground sun direct projection and atmospheric scattering irradiance and the up transmitance of atmosphere, atmospheric path radiation with time of simulated scenario, geographic coordinate, atmospheric condition input intermediate light spectral resolution atmospheric transmissivity model M odtran;
(2) solar zenith angle, position angle and the digital elevation model of input survey region calculate the gradient, aspect, solar incident angle, the visual factor of sky, the visual factor of landform and shadow region;
(3) by the sun direct projection on the level ground, atmospheric scattering irradiance and earth surface reflection rate data, utilize sun direct projection irradiance and atmospheric scattering irradiance on the gradient, solar incident angle, the visual factor of sky, the visual factor of landform and the shadow region calculating rolling ground, clutter reflections irradiance around calculating simultaneously, this three part is formed the solar global irradiance that the face of land receives;
(4) utilize earth surface reflection rate data, the up transmitance of atmosphere and atmospheric path radiation, generate the spoke brightness data of ground each point, realize the accurate simulation of rugged topography remote sensing scene at sensor entrance pupil place.
2, a kind of method that realizes rugged topography remote sensing scene simulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step (2), the visual factor representation of sky ground receives the ratio of atmospheric scattering light, and it is worth between 0~1, concrete calculate according to:
3, a kind of method that realizes rugged topography remote sensing scene simulation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the shadow region comprises from shade and cast shadow two parts in the described step (2), be meant that from shade ground point is on the aspect that deviates from the sun, can't receive solar light irradiation; Cast shadow is that ground point is in the shadow region owing to atural object around the sunshine quilt blocks.
4, a kind of method that realizes rugged topography remote sensing scene simulation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ground atmospheric scattering irradiance of described step (3) mesorelief is to utilize the gradient, solar incident angle, the visual factor of sky and shadow region situation, receive the conversion of atmospheric scattering irradiance by the level ground and come, conversion formula is:
Wherein, E
DifBe the atmospheric scattering irradiance on the rolling ground, E
f hBe the atmospheric scattering irradiance on the level ground, i is a solar incident angle, φ
sBe solar zenith angle, V
dBe the visual factor of sky, b is that shade characterizes coefficient, is 0 when being in the shadow region, otherwise is 1 that k is a scale-up factor, characterizes the anisotropic degree of atmospheric scattering.
5, a kind of method that realizes rugged topography remote sensing scene simulation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step (4) the ground each point the spoke brightness calculation at sensor entrance pupil place according to:
l=τ[E
dir+E
dif+E
adj]ρ/π+l
path
Wherein, l is the spoke brightness of ground point at sensor entrance pupil place, E
Dir, E
DifAnd E
AdjBe respectively sun direct projection that rolling ground receives, atmospheric scattering and clutter reflections irradiance on every side, l
PathBe atmospheric path radiation, τ is the up transmitance of atmosphere, and ρ is the earth surface reflection rate.
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