CN101566580A - Method for monitoring steel bar corrosion state in concrete by stages and sensor - Google Patents
Method for monitoring steel bar corrosion state in concrete by stages and sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for monitoring steel bar corrosion state in concrete by stages and a sensor, and belongs to the field of tests of civil engineering sensors. The method comprises two stages for monitoring the steel bar corrosion state, namely an initial stage of steel bar corrosion for monitoring Cl<-> content and a stage for monitoring the content of liquid rust nearby the steel bar during rusting; therefore, the method prolongs the effective working time of a steel bar corrosion sensor. The sensor comprises a sleeve, a fiber bracket and an LPFG sensing probe, wherein the sleeve is provided with a hole; the fiber bracket is arranged in the sleeve; the LPFG sensing probe is freely and straight arranged on the fiber bracket; and a monitoring medium is filled in the sleeve.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of monitoring method stage by stage and sensor of Rust of Rebar in Concrete state, belong to the civil engineering sensors field tests.
Background technology
Long period fiber grating (hereinafter to be referred as LPG) is a kind of sensitivities grating based on fibre core guided mode and cladding mode coupled wave theory, and it is very responsive to the variations in refractive index of environment of living in around it, and then can obtain the concentration of particle in the surrounding environment.Biology, chemical sensitisation technology based on this coupled wave theory have been widely used in a plurality of Biochemical Research fields such as antigenic content measurement in the blood, protein material discriminating, drug screening, solution concentration detection, the judgement of sewage palliating degradation degree.
Along with the widespread use of reinforced concrete structure in large-scale construction engineering, the steel bars in concrete corrosion has become the main disaster that threatens whole world reinforced concrete structure durability.Particularly in environments for use such as coastal, coastal waters and extraordinary bridge, reinforced concrete structure may be lost its permanance because of steel bar corrosion, and cause the reinforced concrete member load-bearing capacity to descend and the reduction of ductility, finally cause structure can not reach predetermined Years Of Service and inefficacy in advance.Annual this type of disaster has caused huge direct and indirect economic loss all for people's productive life, even has constituted heavy financial burden in some countries.Along with the sustainable growth of economy, China is carrying out large-scale infrastructure construction.How the structure of these facilities is effectively monitored the also generation of disaster prevention, become the current problem of needing solution badly.
Steel bar corrosion is the main factor that influences concrete durability, and steel bar corrosion is mainly corroded by chlorion or concrete carbonization causes.After the steel bar corrosion; volume after its corrosion becomes original 2.5 times approximately; concrete has the ability of excellent compressive stress; but the resistivity to tension is relatively poor; if during the tension that the strength of volumetric expansion can bear greater than concrete during steel bar corrosion; concrete will inevitably can produce the tension fracture, even causes the sag of protecting coating of concrete part.Generally; steel bars in concrete is in (pH＞13) in the high alkalinity environment, and rebar surface forms passivating film under this environment, be in passive state; passivating film can effectively protect reinforcing bar to avoid continuing to be subjected to the erosion of extraneous objectionable impurities, stops reinforcing bar generation corrosion.But along with the intrusion or the concrete carbonization of chlorion, the inside concrete pH value is reduced to neutrality even slant acidity, and the passivating film that is attached to rebar surface will be slowly destroyed, and cause reinforcing bar to begin corrosion.Steel bar corrosion can make concrete that the bond stress of reinforcing bar is descended, and causes that the bearing capacity of structure descends.Thus, the research of steel bar corrosion mechanism obtains the attention of academia day by day.
The research at present non-damage detection method of Rust of Rebar in Concrete situation (NDT) the most widely mainly can be divided into electrochemical method and physical method two big classes.Electrochemical detection method is corrosion degree or a speed of determining reinforcing bar in the concrete by the electrochemical properties of measuring the steel reinforced concrete erosion system.The electrochemical method of development has half-cell prtential method, linear polarization method, AC impedence method, concrete resistance method etc. at present.All need externally measured probe or contrast electrode are positioned on the concrete component during electrochemical detection method operation, for the important building that this is more for the measuring point, testing environment is complicated (as bridge pier bottom, the river-crossing tunnel outside) and need to monitor for a long time, not only workload is huge, and measurement result is subject to the interference (difference, contrast electrode solution as each contact position all can have certain influence to measurement result to concrete pollution etc.) of extraneous factor.
Physical method mainly is the corrosion situation that reflects reinforcing bar by the variation of measuring physical characteristicss such as resistance with steel bar corrosion, electromagnetism, heat conduction, sonic propagation.Method commonly used comprises: resistor rod method, eddy current probe method, rays method, acoustic emission detection method etc.The advantage of physical method is easy to operate, is easy to on-the-spot in-situ test.But physical method can only provide qualitative conclusions usually to the corrosion degree of reinforcing bar, is difficult to the analysis that provides quantitative, thereby also can't realize the online detection to the steel bar corrosion situation.Along with the development of detection technique, there are many new technologies to be applied to steel bar corrosion and detect research, as acoustic sounding, Fibre Optical Sensor etc.
Because unique advantages such as optical fiber sensing system have light weight, diameter is thin, volume is little, corrosion-resistant, feasible reinforced concrete structure health monitoring technical research and application based on Fibre Optical Sensor become the new focus that current domestic and international field of civil engineering researchers pay close attention to.Use the main method of fiber grating monitoring corrosion that pH value and Cl are arranged at present
-The indirect monitoring of concentration, and measure the direct monitoring that corrosion is expanded.People such as Fuhr combine the Fajans method in the analytical chemistry with optical fiber sensing technology, the detection by quantitative chlorine ion concentration, but this method can't realize the continuous detecting of chlorine ion concentration, and detection reaction is irreversible, and fluorescent material will be considered the attenuation problem in life-span; Bennett K D has proposed a kind of " corrosion fuse " sensing scheme based on the optical fiber micro-bending effect, but the method can only be made the threshold value criterion of a certain degree corrosion, can not reflect the process of corrosion continuously; Proposition such as the bright and Chen Weimin of the Li Xue of University Of Chongqing are used in the medium covering of the local replacement of Fe-C alloy film optical fiber, constitute corrosion sensitive film, by the situation of change of monitoring sensor fibre Output optical power variation with corrosion reinforcing bar surrounding environment pH value, obtain reinforcement corrosion information, but the method also needs further to improve coating material, thickness and adhesion CONTROL PROCESS so that obtain practical application, and testing process is irreversible, can't reuse.
Aspect LPFG corrosion sensing, 2008, people such as the Wang Yan of this testing laboratory are at spectroscopy and spectral analysis work literary composition " based on the concrete structure reinforcing bars corrosion monitoring of fiber grating spectral analysis ", utilize the flexural property of LPFG to make the steel bar corrosion sensor, be used for detecting the Rust of Rebar in Concrete state.This system as shown in Figure 8; reinforcing bar being put into the stainless steel pedestal blended rubber of a groove shape fixes itself and pedestal; base height is identical with bar diameter; to lie against rebar surface behind the grating section overcoat protection tube; grating two ends optical fiber is applied certain prestretching force make the horizontal straight configuration of grating maintenance; the grating two ends ride over the pedestal two ends, and an end optical fiber is pasted fixing with epoxide-resin glue and pedestal, and the optical fiber of this end is also pasted fixing with protection tube.At reinforcing bar the original state of corrosion does not take place, long period fiber grating keeps its straight state.When the steel bar corrosion volume is radially expanded, reinforcing bar body diameter increases, and will cause that long period fiber grating bends, and the trap effect diminishes.But because this sensor only can be monitored be radially expanded (being subordinate phase) of volume behind the steel bar corrosion, can not realize the steel bar corrosion volumetric expansion monitoring (being the phase one) in early stage, make effective monitoring time of this sensor shorten greatly.Simultaneously, because LPFG has certain limitation to the monitoring of buckling effect, that is: when LPFG reached certain curvature, transmissivity increased in the LPFG transmitted spectrum, as shown in Figure 9, coupling phenomenon between LPFG fibre core guided mode and the cladding mode disappears, harmonic peak disappears, and at this moment, can't obtain LPFG transmission resonance spectrum parameter, that is: this sensor failure makes the effective storage life of this sensor shorten.Simultaneously, this sensor only can be realized the single-point monitoring, has its contingency, can not truly reflect steel bar corrosion state.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings such as sensor operational use time weak point in original concrete reinforcement corrosion monitoring, provide a kind of highly sensitive, can realize the monitoring of distributed on-line measurement and steel bar overall, the monitoring method stage by stage and the sensor of the Rust of Rebar in Concrete state that the sensor operational use time is long.
A kind of monitoring method stage by stage of Rust of Rebar in Concrete state is characterized in that comprising following process:
(1), utilize the LPFG transmission spectrum method to monitor; Between reinforcing bar to be monitored and LPFG sensing probe, fill the monitoring medium; In following observation process, remain LPFG grating grid region and be in freedom and straightened condition;
(2), the phase one measures: utilize inside concrete Cl
-The reinforcing bar surrounding environment change of refractive that content is brought, utilize the sensitive natur of LPFG sensing grid region to grating grid region surrounding environment variations in refractive index, by measuring because the variation of the resonance peak that the variation of environment medium dielectric constant microwave medium to be measured causes detects Cl in the concrete environment
-Content and steel bar corrosion state, that is: when near the chloride ion content reinforcing bar in the concrete constantly increases, the resonance peak that causes by the variation that detects by surface, grid region environment medium dielectric constant microwave medium changes, and then realizes Cl
-The monitoring of content, change of refractive is just measured to grid region surrounding environment change in dielectric constant in said measurement LPFG sensing grid region.
(3), Cl in the concrete environment
-Content tends towards stability, and the rebar surface passivation layer progressively destroys, reinforcing bars rusting, and along with iron rust incorporates the monitoring medium gradually, fast moving appears in the resonance peak of LPFG sensor, enters the next stage measurement;
(4), subordinate phase is measured: this stage, near because the continuous increase of the liquid rust content reinforcing bar in the concrete, refractive index constantly changes near the environment of reinforcing bar, the resonance peak that causes by the variation that detects by surface, grid region environment medium dielectric constant microwave medium changes, and then realizes the monitoring to rust content.
The monitoring method stage by stage of above-mentioned Rust of Rebar in Concrete state is characterized in that: described monitoring medium is the material that helps the liquefaction of accelerating solid iron rust.The material that utilizes the liquefaction of accelerating solid iron rust is as the monitoring medium between concrete to be monitored and the LPFG sensing probe, the peptization water of inside concrete and state exchange are become to be more suitable for the state of LPFG sensor monitors, quicken the liquefaction of rebar surface iron rust simultaneously, solid-state iron rust is dissolved in this material as far as possible fully, cause reinforcing bar surrounding environment medium dielectric constant microwave medium, realize real-time, on-line monitoring Rust of Rebar in Concrete.The material of this accelerating solid iron rust liquefaction can use colored mud resin, plaster stone etc.
The monitoring method stage by stage of above-mentioned Rust of Rebar in Concrete state is characterized in that: described monitoring medium is flower mud resin.Compare with other material, flower mud resin itself has certain plasticity and globality, can make steel bar corrosion, volumetric expansion free more and avoid the too much constraint of mortar, and simultaneously, flower mud resin has good water permeability, is convenient to the liquefaction of accelerating solid iron rust.Itself and xoncrete structure are comparatively approaching, more can fully, truly reflect the corrosion state of reinforcing bar in the concrete.
A kind of sensor that is used for the monitoring method stage by stage of Rust of Rebar in Concrete state, it is characterized in that: this sensor comprises the sleeve pipe that has hole, be installed on structure of fiber_optic in the sleeve pipe, freedom and the straight LPFG sensing probe that is placed on the structure of fiber_optic, fill the monitoring medium in the above-mentioned sleeve pipe, the iron rust that the water-soluble environment that utilizes this medium obtains after with steel bar corrosion is dissolved in the monitoring medium, and then realizes that iron rust is by solid-state transformation to liquid state; Above-mentioned optical fiber and bracing frame are slightly fixing or single-ended fixing, avoid because the influence that the bending of LPFG sensor probe brings testing result, and its two stiff ends distance should be greater than grid region length; LPFG sensor probe and the distance that reinforcing bar to be measured separates about 4-6mm, effectively avoid since the reinforcing bar volumetric expansion that brings of corrosion to the influence of long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe.The composition of distributed long period optical fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor is: can prepare a plurality of online long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probes on same optical fiber, the end of this optical fiber is set to end reflection formula long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe, in order to realize space division multiplexing.
A kind of sensor that is used for the monitoring method stage by stage of Rust of Rebar in Concrete state is characterized in that: described filled media is flower mud resin.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the steel bar corrosion state monitoring is divided into two stages, that is: steel bar corrosion starting stage Cl
-Near the monitoring of the liquid rust content of reinforcing bar in content monitoring and the corrosion process has prolonged operational use time of steel bar corrosion sensor; Utilize LPFG to surrounding medium refractive index, solution concentration change that resolution height, response are fast, high flux, sensitivity, special, easy, to advantages such as the own not damageds of sample, realize Cl in the concrete
-And the monitoring of liquid rust content, determine in the concrete the concrete location of corrosion reinforcing bar and steel bar corrosion situation, can be applicable to the corrosion situation monitoring of buildingss such as bridge, harbour; Simultaneously owing to adopted optical fiber as the sensing matrix, have again anti-electromagnetic interference capability strong, high pressure resistant, corrosion-resistant, can realize advantages such as distributed measurement and long-haul telemetry monitoring; By simplifying the sensor-based system structure and adopting spectrum detection technique, can improve measuring accuracy, overcome luminous intensity measurement and be subject to the shortcoming that the flashing photographic fixing rings; By adopting corresponding encapsulation and protected mode, can avoid because the influence that extraneous stress, strain are brought the LPFG sensor probe, guarantee the reliability and the permanance of corrosion monitoring.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensing system is formed synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is a y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is an end reflection formula long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 is a distributed long period optical fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5 is long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensing probe and reinforcing bar layout viewing to be measured.
Fig. 6 is long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensing probe encapsulation figure.
Fig. 7 is resin shelf structure figure.
Fig. 8 is a LPFG flexural property steel bar corrosion sensor synoptic diagram.
Fig. 9 is LPFG flexural property steel bar corrosion sensor experiment figure as a result.
Label title among the figure: 1. wideband light source, 2.Y type fiber coupler, 3. coupling mechanism joint; 4. sensor fibre, 5. end reflection formula long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe, 6. enclosure; 7. spectrometer, 8. computing machine, 11. input ends; 12. reflection end, 13. output terminals, 61.LPG grid region; 62. fibre core; 63. fibre core end reflection metal film, 9. online long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe, 14. reinforcing bars; 15. major diameter sleeve pipe; 16. flower mud resin, 17. resin framves, 18. permeability holes; 20. sensor probe; 21. long period fiber grating, 22. stainless steel pedestals, 23. protection tubes
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the concrete composition of long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensing system of the present invention is, wideband light source 1 (can adopt LG150 molded breadth band light source), enter y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 2 input end of (as shown in Figure 2), propagate into the output terminal of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 2, by coupling mechanism joint 3, propagate into end reflection formula long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe 5 again through sensor fibre 4, with in the environment to be measured in Cl
-Content interacts and produces the coupling effect of fibre core and covering, the formation reflection ray enters spectrometer 7 (can adopt AQ6317 type spectrometer) by the reflection end of y-type optical fiber coupling mechanism 2 after through the reflective metals membrane interaction of the fibre core end face in the probe 5, pass through the relation curve that computing machine 8 is handled between output reflection light intensities and the photopeak value again, thereby realized the full fiberize of whole measurement light path part.
Fig. 3 is an end reflection formula long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe synoptic diagram.It comprises grid region 61, fibre core end reflection metal film (gold or silver) 63 and fibre core 62.Utilize metal film to the reflection of light effect, the light that transmits is reflected back, twice process of light long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe improves its accuracy of detection.
Cl in the research concrete
-Liquid rust is to the influence of reinforcing bar surrounding environment specific inductive capacity behind content and the steel bar corrosion, utilize the sensitivity characteristic of long period fiber grating to the surrounding environment specific inductive capacity, designed being used for detected the long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe of Rust of Rebar in Concrete state and imbed xoncrete structure, detect the change in dielectric constant of environment to be measured.Along with near the continuous increase of the chloride ion content reinforcing bar in the concrete, the specific inductive capacity of environment to be measured changes.Near the reinforcing bar passivation layer surface by local acidifying, when the pH value of rebar surface anolyte is reduced to 3.5 left and right sides by the part, the continuous corrosion of reinforcing bar, chloride ion content tends towards stability, this moment, iron rust incorporated colored mud resin gradually, and the specific inductive capacity of environment to be measured continues to change.In the whole process, the content of chlorion and whole steel bar corrosion status of processes will be hunted down by the variation of surrounding environment medium dielectric constant microwave medium.Realize real time on-line monitoring by the situation of change that detects resonance peak to the steel bar corrosion situation in the xoncrete structure.
Fig. 4 is a distributed long period optical fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe synoptic diagram.Its concrete composition is the LPFG sensing grid region that is carved into different resonance peaks at the diverse location of same fiber core, and plates reflection gold or silverskin in the terminal of every optical fiber.Therefore a plurality of long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probes can be set simultaneously on same optical fiber, and the end of this optical fiber is processed as end reflection formula long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe.
According to LPG spectrum output characteristics, can realize the distributed long period optical fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor of multidigit point detection by the LPFG of different resonance peaks to bar construction.When these LPFG sensing sections were in the different test environments, ion concentration in the different environment to be measured and sensor interacted, thereby caused near the variation of the specific inductive capacity of each LPFG sensor.By the detection that sensor is exported the different resonance peaks of LPFG spectrum, can obtain the signal of Distributed Detection.
Fig. 5 is long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensing probe and reinforcing bar layout viewing to be measured.It comprises reinforcing bar 14, major diameter resin sleeve pipe 15, flower mud resin and end reflection formula long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe 5.With the distance that sensor probe and reinforcing bar separate about 5mm, be used for avoiding the reinforcing bar volumetric expansion of corrosion process that sensor probe is caused additional stress, strain influence, to the overall process realization accurately monitoring in real time of steel bar corrosion.To spend the mud resin to be filled near reinforcing bar and the LPFG sensor probe, the iron rust that the water-soluble environment that utilizes flower mud resin obtains after with steel bar corrosion is dissolved in the colored mud resin, and then realizes that iron rust is by solid-state transformation to liquid state.
Fig. 6 is long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensing probe encapsulation figure.It comprises major diameter resin sleeve pipe 15, end reflection formula long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe 5 and resin frame 17.Utilize major diameter resin sleeve pipe that sensor probe is protected, make aperture on the sleeve pipe, inside pipe casing is filled by flower mud resin, eliminates the added influence of external environment and the liquefaction that promotes iron rust when guaranteeing the environment permeability.
Fig. 7 is resin shelf structure figure.Its concrete composition is that the resin batten is pasted into framed structure, with stretching unsettled being pasted on the resin frame of long period fiber grating steel bar corrosion sensor probe.This structure is mainly used in the grid region that makes long period fiber grating and keeps straight, and avoiding influences testing result owing to the grid region is crooked, and its two stiff ends distance should be greater than grid region length.
Claims (5)
1. the monitoring method stage by stage of a Rust of Rebar in Concrete state is characterized in that comprising following process:
(1), utilize the LPFG transmission spectrum method to monitor; Between reinforcing bar to be monitored and LPFG sensing probe, fill the monitoring medium; In following observation process, remain LPFG grating grid region and be in freedom and straightened condition;
(2), the phase one surveys: utilize the sensitive natur of LPFG sensing grid region to the surrounding environment variations in refractive index, by measuring because the variation of the resonance peak that the variation of environment medium dielectric constant microwave medium to be measured causes detects Cl in the concrete environment
-Content and steel bar corrosion state, that is: when near the chloride ion content reinforcing bar in the concrete constantly increases, the resonance peak that causes by the variation that detects by surface, grid region environment medium dielectric constant microwave medium changes, and then realizes Cl
-The monitoring of content;
(3), Cl in the concrete environment
-Content tends towards stability, and the rebar surface passivation layer progressively destroys, reinforcing bars rusting, and along with iron rust incorporates the monitoring medium gradually, fast moving appears in the resonance peak of LPFG sensor, enters the next stage measurement;
(4), subordinate phase is surveyed: this stage, near because the continuous increase of the liquid rust content reinforcing bar in the concrete, near the reinforcing bar in the environment refractive index constantly change, the resonance peak that causes by the variation that detects by surface, grid region environment medium dielectric constant microwave medium changes, and then realizes the monitoring to rust content.
2. the monitoring method stage by stage of Rust of Rebar in Concrete state according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described monitoring medium is the material that helps the liquefaction of accelerating solid iron rust.
3. the monitoring method stage by stage of Rust of Rebar in Concrete state according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described monitoring medium is flower mud resin, i.e. phenolics.
4. sensor that is used for the monitoring method stage by stage of Rust of Rebar in Concrete state, it is characterized in that: this sensor comprises the sleeve pipe that has hole, be installed on structure of fiber_optic in the sleeve pipe, freedom and the straight LPFG sensing probe that is placed on the structure of fiber_optic, fills in the above-mentioned sleeve pipe and monitors medium.
5. the sensor that is used for the monitoring method stage by stage of Rust of Rebar in Concrete state according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described filled media is flower mud resin.
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Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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Family Cites Families (2)
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| US5646400A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-07-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Corrosion detecting and monitoring method and apparatus |
| CN2636238Y (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2004-08-25 | 香港理工大学 | Cement structure strain measuring sensor with temp. compensation |
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