CN101534936B - 管式裂解炉 - Google Patents

管式裂解炉 Download PDF

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CN101534936B
CN101534936B CN2007800412688A CN200780041268A CN101534936B CN 101534936 B CN101534936 B CN 101534936B CN 2007800412688 A CN2007800412688 A CN 2007800412688A CN 200780041268 A CN200780041268 A CN 200780041268A CN 101534936 B CN101534936 B CN 101534936B
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cracking furnace
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CN101534936A (zh
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O·迈斯纳
S·沃德贝格
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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ThyssenKrupp Uhde GmbH
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    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B01J8/062—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes being installed in a furnace
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/18—Apparatus
    • C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
    • C10G9/203—Tube furnaces chemical composition of the tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00477—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
    • B01J2208/00495—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00504—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00245—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects
    • B01J2219/00247—Fouling of the reactor or the process equipment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
    • C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种管式裂解炉，其具有用于由管式裂解炉排出在过程气体管中引导的热的过程气体的集流管，其中集流管在内部具有至少一个由耐火的混凝土或者耐火的砌砖构成的隔离层；在外部具有一个金属制外管的壁；包括多个接管，管式裂解炉的过程气体管能够通过这些接管与集流管连接；其中在所述接管的区域内过程气体管至少部分在引导管内引导；并且每个与相应的过程气体管连接的气体出口伸入集流管内，过程气体借助于所述气体出口在规定的操作条件下被导入集流管，并且为了减小隔离层内部的蠕变流动，至少一个气体出口构成为管弯头，所述管弯头以其出口孔指向集流管的主流动方向。

Description

管式裂解炉
技术领域
本发明涉及一种管式裂解炉，其具有用于从管式裂解炉排出热的过程气体的集流管，如其经常应用在天然气裂解设备中用于制造合成气。
背景技术
已知大量的用于间接加热可裂解介质的管式裂解炉，特别是为了裂解碳氢化合物以获得合成气和/或氢气。在这种管式裂解炉中，在炉腔中设置了大量的作为寄存器或者管束的反应管，在此这些反应管与分布在炉底下方的集流管连接。DE 1 542 530 B或DE 10 2006 022898示出一个这样的管式裂解炉。
此外如在DE 1 542 530 B或DE 10 2006 022898中所示，集流管本身是多层式构成的，并且包含至少一个外部的金属制支承管，即所谓的高压外套，该支承管通常情况下由一种可焊接的钢材料组成；以及一个内置的隔离管，该隔离管通常情况下通过一种耐火的炉衬或者一种耐火的混凝土构成。在DE 1 667 324B中示出一种如在工业中所应用的三层管。最内层可以是一个金属制的内管，如在DE 1 542 530B中为了反应管进入集流管中的通道区域已经建议的。这个内管用于保护混凝土隔离层防止过程气体流的腐蚀。在集流管中温度的值约为800℃到950℃。
在此隔离层的厚度或者隔离效果必须是这样选择的，即它一方面通过使在外管或者支承管中的温度被限定为约200℃，从而保护外管或者支承管的钢材料，并且另一方面使混凝土不过冷。通过混凝土中由于热膨胀过程引起的负载，通常加大混凝土中的多孔性，这导致过程气体从通常非气密地构成的金属内管流出。这种较小的气体流动也称为蠕变流动，其可能将大量的热量传递至外部的支承管上，并且导致局部过热。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，避免在集流管中的这种损害，并且提供一种改良的具有集流管的管式裂解炉。
本发明实现一种管式裂解炉，其具有用于从管式裂解炉排出在过程气体管中引导的热的过程气体的集流管，其中集流管在内部具有至少一个由耐火的混凝土或者耐火的砌砖构成的隔离层，在外部具有一个金属制外管的壁，并且集流管此外包括多个接管，管式裂解炉的过程气体管能够通过这些接管与集流管连接，其中在所述接管的区域内过程气体管至少部分在引导管内引导，并且每个与相应的过程气体管连接的气体出口伸入集流管内，过程气体借助于所述气体出口在规定的操作条件下被导入集流管，并且为了减小隔离层内部的蠕变流动，至少一个气体出口构成为管弯头，所述管弯头以其出口孔指向集流管的主流动方向。
业已令人意想不到地证明，借助于弯曲的出口和由此导致的流动加速和均化以及相关联的集流管中的压力损失的降低，可以显著减小隔离层内部的蠕变流动。通过所导致的减小的压力损失(这种压力损失对于管式裂解炉的工作没有任何的优点)，减小了对于由于隔离层的多孔性导致的蠕变流动的驱动力并且因此减小了传输至支承管的热量。
在集流管的各种构造中可以规定，过程气体管终止在引导管中并且气体出口为引导管的延长部，或者气体出口为过程气体管的延长部，其中引导管具有基本上圆柱体形的形状。
在集流管的其它构造中可以规定：
气体出口的横截面朝向其端部缩小。由此在气体出口上达到较高的气体速度；
气体出口的弯曲在30°至90°之间，气体出口的最外部的端部伸入集流管内的深度至多为集流管的内径的40％；
在集流管内部安装一个金属制内管。
集流管应用在一个管式裂解炉中。在此通常使用大量的集流管，它们共同构成一个集流***。为了考虑到在集流***的中心区域内以及边缘区域上的不同的热影响，各单个集流管内的相应的气体出口也可以构成为不同的，即不是全部构成为管弯头或具有不同构造的管弯头。
附图说明
在图1中详细示出本发明的一个优选的实施方式，但是本发明不限定于具体的实施形式。附图1示出按照本发明的集流管1和接管2的一个区段，它们以剖面示出。
具体实施方式
接管2设置在集流管1的上方。集流管1具有三个层，即一个通过金属制内管3构成的第一层、一个由耐火的混凝土构成的隔离层4作为第二层以及一个通过外管或支承管5构成的第三外层。在集流管1的上方设置多个接管2，其中仅仅示例性示出一个接管2。在该接管2的区域内，来自未示出的炉腔的过程气体管6在一个引导管7内引导。在所示的例子中，过程气体管6在引导管7中终止在隔离层4的区域内。引导管7在其自由端部构成为弯头8，该弯头以其出口孔指向集流管1的主流动方向。
附图标记清单
1集流管
2接管
3内管
4隔离层
5支承管
6过程气体管
7引导管
8弯头

Claims (7)

1.一种管式裂解炉，其具有用于由管式裂解炉排出在过程气体管中引导的热的过程气体的集流管，其中集流管
在内部具有至少一个由耐火的混凝土或者耐火的砌砖构成的隔离层；
在外部具有一个金属制外管的壁；
包括多个接管，管式裂解炉的过程气体管能够通过这些接管与集流管连接；
其中在所述接管的区域内过程气体管至少部分在引导管内引导；
并且每个与相应的过程气体管连接的气体出口伸入集流管内，过程气体借助于所述气体出口在规定的操作条件下被导入集流管内，
其特征在于，为了减小隔离层内部的蠕变流动，至少一个与相应的过程气体管连接的且伸入集流管内的气体出口构成为管弯头，所述管弯头以其出口孔指向集流管的主流动方向。
2.如权利要求1所述的管式裂解炉，其特征在于，过程气体管终止在引导管中并且气体出口为引导管的延长部。
3.如权利要求1所述的管式裂解炉，其特征在于，气体出口为过程气体管的延长部，并且引导管具有基本上圆柱体形的形状。
4.如权利要求1至3之一所述的管式裂解炉，其特征在于，气体出口的横截面朝向其端部缩小。
5.如权利要求1至3之一所述的管式裂解炉，其特征在于，气体出口的弯曲在30°至90°之间。
6.如权利要求1至3之一所述的管式裂解炉，其特征在于，气体出口的最外部的端部伸入集流管内的深度至多为集流管的内径的40％。
7.如权利要求1至3之一所述的管式裂解炉，其特征在于，在集流管内部安装一个金属制内管。
CN2007800412688A 2006-11-08 2007-10-30 管式裂解炉 Active CN101534936B (zh)

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DE102006052937A DE102006052937A1 (de) 2006-11-08 2006-11-08 Sammelleitung für Röhrenspaltöfen
DE102006052937.5 2006-11-08
PCT/EP2007/009387 WO2008055605A1 (de) 2006-11-08 2007-10-30 Sammelleitung für röhrenspaltöfen

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DE (1) DE102006052937A1 (zh)
EA (1) EA016441B1 (zh)
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HK1134464A1 (en) 2010-04-30
EP2089147A1 (de) 2009-08-19
EP2089147B1 (de) 2015-09-02
CA2668468A1 (en) 2008-05-15
US8236252B2 (en) 2012-08-07
PL2089147T3 (pl) 2016-01-29
NO20091828L (no) 2009-06-05
EG25155A (en) 2011-09-27
CN101534936A (zh) 2009-09-16
MX2009004955A (es) 2009-05-19
EA016441B1 (ru) 2012-05-30
EA200970452A1 (ru) 2009-12-30
BRPI0718545A2 (pt) 2013-11-19
US20100129269A1 (en) 2010-05-27
WO2008055605A1 (de) 2008-05-15
HUE026848T2 (en) 2016-08-29
CA2668468C (en) 2013-07-23
DE102006052937A1 (de) 2008-05-21
MY168838A (en) 2018-12-04
ZA200903057B (en) 2010-02-24

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