CN101518189A - Cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak - Google Patents
Cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak Download PDFInfo
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- CN101518189A CN101518189A CN200910097684A CN200910097684A CN101518189A CN 101518189 A CN101518189 A CN 101518189A CN 200910097684 A CN200910097684 A CN 200910097684A CN 200910097684 A CN200910097684 A CN 200910097684A CN 101518189 A CN101518189 A CN 101518189A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak, which belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, a sterilizing seedbed is built in a big-arch shelter, an arch shed is built on the seedbed, a hole pan provided with cuttage substrate is arranged in the seedbed, and the cuttage substrate is treated and sets aside; secondly, branches derived from close roots of the Virginia oaks grown for 2-4 years are selected to prune ears in February to March every year when sprouts do not and are about to burgeon, and the ear strips are pruned into branches; thirdly, the branches are treated by root stimulating agent, and the cuttage is done immediately, for the branches which then enter into the management after the cuttage; fourthly, after more than 70 percent of branches root and sprout, the hole pan is moved to forcibly exercise the plantlets outside the big-arch shelter, and the plants are transplanted into ground after being exercised for 30-35 days at the last third of the December or the last third of the February of the next year and enter the management after transplanting. The cuttage propagation adopting the method has high survival ratio and fast propagation speed. The invention is suitable for the climatic environments in most parts of Yangtze River Delta in China and has the survival ratio up to 80-90 percent, and the obtained nursery plantlets of the Virginia oaks have sound quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to a kind of cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak.
Background technology
Virginia oak (Quercus virginiana) belongs to Fagaceae (Fagaceae) oak and belongs to (Quercus) seeds, be the high megaphanerophyte of evergreen broad-leaved, single leaf, alternate, Lao Ye keratin, leaf surface bottle green tool gloss, the green whiting in the back side, proterties such as leaf color, shape, size, quality have very strong plasticity with influences such as developmental stage, environment, and young leaves is greatly and meat, the color pale green, the leaf margin tooth lacks greatly; Little and the keratin of Lao Ye, the leaf margin tooth is little and many.Bloom early spring, brightly yellowish look, and ripening fruits is brown, is commonly called as acorn, for birds and animal provide abundant food source, promptly falls after ripe, and seed vitality is lower.Virginia oak is liked well-drained sandy soil, can salt spray resistance and soil with high salinity, to the soil moisture sensitivity, can stand moderate arid, and clay also can be grown, and can tolerate minimum-13 ℃ low temperature.Virginia oak juvenile growth speed is very fast, and seedling can grow to 4 feet (1.2m) in 1 year in the original producton location, and along with growing up of nursery stock, growth rate can reduce.Adult not oak in the growth of hard-core space on average can reach the 15m height, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground can reach 91-122cm, and the tree crown scope can reach more than the 46m, and the life-span reaches hundreds of years.Virginia oak mainly is distributed in U.S.'s southeastern coast and Gulf of Mexico seashore, promptly from Virginia downstate, the Georgia State, Florida State, Louisiana State until the middle and south, Texas one line; Breathing out the Ma Zhou west and south and Mexico's Northeast Mountain Areas also has fragmentary distribution at the Russia carat, is the important composition seeds in coastal hard wealthy woods of the U.S. and shrubbery forest land, is widely used as city shade tree and ornamental trees and shrubs in U.S.'s southeastern coast; Its material heavily fortified point heavily can be used for shipbuilding, and acorn enriches food for birds and animal provide.Leaf very big between the Virginia oak strain with the dry type variation, can distinguish " large leaf type " and " spire type ", " the obvious type of trunk " and " doing bunch type " can be used for the afforestation of various objectives more.Virginia oak is annual in the original producton location can to produce a large amount of rubber fruits, therefore adopts seminal propagation mostly.In China, the demand of Virginia oak on market is very big, has wide market application prospect at present, but because domestic main dependence on import seminal propagation causes the source of nursery stock limited, price is very high.
Summary of the invention
At the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the objective of the invention is to design the technical field that the fast cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak of a kind of survival rate height, reproduction speed is provided, the Virginia oak nursery stock that obtains is best in quality.
Described cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) in booth, sets up, build shed on the seedbed again, the cave dish that cutting medium is housed is set in the seedbed through the seedbed of sterilization, cutting medium adopts the river sand of 2-4:1 to add the peat mixture, matrix irrigates with water earlier, and then irrigates with liquor potassic permanganate, promptly can be used for cuttage after 24 hours;
2) cut fringe: annual 2-3 is between the month, when sprouting does not also sprout and is about to sprout, chooses 2-4 and gives birth to the branch that the nearly root of Virginia oak elite stand gives birth to and cut fringe, and the fringe bar is cut into the branch of 5-7cm, keeps 2-3 joint or bud and 1-2 sheet leaf, and otch is a flat nick;
3) cuttage: branch dips in 2-4 second with the IBA of 2000-10000ppm or NAA or IAA solution speed at once, or soak to transplant a cutting base portion 25-40 minute with 3-5% sucrose, put into ready-made cutting hole cuttage then immediately, the cuttage degree of depth is 2-5cm, and the matrix around the cuttage branch compressed, branch is fully contacted with matrix, water irrigates matrix after the cuttage, with sealing around the shed plastic film, manage after entering cuttage;
4) acclimatization and transplants: after 70% above branch roots, the cave dish is moved on to booth carry out hardening outward, plantlet of transplant is in ground after hardening 30-35 days, and transplanting time is late November or mid or late Febuary in next year, enters and transplants the back management.
Described cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak is characterized in that in the step 1) cover film on the shed, and film thickness is the 3-5 silk, and light transmittance is more than 92%; Cutting medium thickness is 15-20cm; The liquor potassic permanganate spray disinfectant of 0.3-0.5% is adopted in the seedbed, and the cutting medium water irrigates the back and drenches standby with the liquor potassic permanganate of same concentrations.
Described cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak, it is characterized in that managing after the cuttage in the step 3) and comprise water supply in media and ambient humidity control: before the rooting of cuttings, keep water content of substrate at 55-75%, shed humidity is at 80-95%, after 60 days, keep water content of substrate at 25-40% behind most of rooting of cuttings, and open the shed ventilation, after the sprouting eruption of transplanting a cutting begins growth, remove shed gradually.
Described cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak, it is characterized in that managing after the cuttage in the step 3) and comprise temperature and illumination control: control shed temperature is at 25-35 ℃, the shed film adopts transparent membrane, light transmittance is more than 92%, shaded before the branch root of hair germinates after the cuttage, shading screen only uses in summer and autumn, covers 2 layers on greenhouse film, the rate of shading about 75% enters and carries out mist cooling in the booth in summer time.
Described cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak is characterized in that in the step 3) that management comprises the nutrient management after the cuttage: do not use base manure during cuttage, after branch roots, need to spray special I NRA-Morizet formula nutritional liquid.
Described cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak is characterized in that in the step 3) that management comprises pest management after the cuttage: cuttage seeding was sprayed carbendazim solution prevention dry branches and fallen leaves and is rotted and root rot every 15 days.
Described cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak is characterized in that selecting in the step 4) soft, the fertile plot of quality to make the hardening bed, and cuttage seeding is taken out from the dish of cave, and root system requires native ball complete, and the transplanting spacing in the rows is 40-50cm, preferred 40-45cm; Line-spacing 50-60cm, preferred 50-55cm.
Described cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak is characterized in that cuttage seeding transplanting backsight weather difference is watered in the step 4), executes nitrogenous fertilizer one time, and applies fertilizer by 3-5kg/ mu urea in every month.
Described cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak is characterized in that cuttage seeding transplanting back food leaf insect is used 1000 times of sprayings of 25-35% acephatemet in the step 4), and trunk borer sprays 2000 times 4-5% r every the first quarter moon complete stool.
The Virginia oak seed that Virginia oak elite stand described in the present invention is introduced from Missouri, USA, the plant trunk of Cheng Miaohou about 5% is obvious, and high growth is outstanding, and branch is sparse, and is crown narrow and small.After Virginia oak is introduced a fine variety, in China Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, subtropics such as Fujian, all can grow in the torrid areas, simultaneously because Virginia oak has very strong salt tolerant alkali ability, well developed root system in addition, germinating property is strong, branch tool toughness, has the ability of resisting hurricane, therefore be widely used in the coast protection forest construction in China Yangtze River Delta area, remedied the defective that lacks evergreen broad-leaved wind resistance salt tolerant seeds in present China coast protection forest system, simultaneously, acorn has attracted large quantities of birds and animal to compile, and has enriched the bio-diversity of coast protection forest system.Not account for the inferior oak of Buddhist nun and also can be used for public leisure place greenings such as garden, park, farm, its tree crown is wide, and the leaf look vivid, is the habitat of good shade, lie fallow place and animal of people.
Above-mentioned a kind of cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak, concrete breeding flow process and the relevant parameter of limiting adopts this holistic approach to carry out cottage propagation, and survival rate height, reproduction speed are fast.This method adapts to the climatic environment in the most of area of China's Yangtze River Delta, and survival rate can reach 80-90%, and the Virginia oak nursery stock that obtains is best in quality, has vast market prospect.The percentage composition that relates among the present invention is weight percentage except other has explanation.
Embodiment
Cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak of the present invention is implemented by following concrete technical scheme.
1) seedbed is built: the seedbed is located in the booth, be about 10 meters, wide 120cm, dark 15cm, height 60cm overhead, the liquor potassic permanganate overall disinfection of 0.3-0.5% is sprayed in the seedbed, build shed on the seedbed again, the employing bamboo chip supports, and cover film on the shed, film thickness are 4, light transmittance is more than 92%, the cave dish that to fill cutting medium then places on the seedbed, and matrix adopts the river sand of 3:1 to add peat with the ratio mixture, the 60 holes dish of packing into, gross thickness is 15cm, matrix irrigates with water earlier, and then irrigates with the potassium permanganate of same concentrations, promptly can be used for cuttage after 24 hours.
2) cut fringe: on the cave disk base material of sterilization, does cutting hole with bamboo chip earlier before the cuttage, in order to avoid directly cause damage to otch with the cuttage of fringe bar.Adaptation time be annual mid or late Febuary to early March, choose the age of tree greater than the branch of the Virginia oak height of tree below 2 meters in 2 years, the selection of branch has material impact to the Virginia oak cuttage survival rate, the branch of giving birth to nearly root with last year was best; The fringe bar is cut into branch about 5cm, and each cuttage branch keeps 2-3 joint or bud and 1-2 sheet leaf, and otch is a flat nick.
3) cuttage: the cuttage branch shears the back and at once dips in 2-4 second with the IBA of 10000ppm or the NAA of 5000ppm or the IAA solution speed of 2000ppm, or soak to transplant a cutting base portion 30 minutes with 4-6% sucrose, put into ready-made cutting hole cuttage then immediately, the cuttage degree of depth is 2-4cm, and the matrix around the cuttage branch compressed, branch is fully contacted with matrix, water irrigates matrix after the cuttage, with sealing around the shed plastic film, manage after entering cuttage;
Described IBA, NAA, IAA are the auxins plant hormone, can directly be buied (as buying from Shanghai ancient cooking vessel state Bioisystech Co., Ltd, easy precious biological store) by market, and earlier with 95% dissolve with ethanol, thin up is to desired concn then.
Control measures comprise water supply in media and ambient humidity control, temperature and illumination control, nutrient management and Pest management after the cuttage.Water supply in media and ambient humidity control: before the rooting of cuttings, keep water content of substrate at 60-70%, shed humidity is at 90-95%, after 40 days, keep water content of substrate at 30-40% behind most of rooting of cuttings, and open the shed ventilation, after the sprouting eruption of transplanting a cutting begins normal growth, remove shed gradually.Shed does not play the heat and moisture preserving effect before cuttage fringe bar is taken root, but after taking root, can remove, and generally is to judge the situation of taking root according to cutting sprouting eruption quantity, removes shed gradually.
Temperature and illumination control: control shed temperature is at 25-35 ℃, and the shed film adopts transparent membrane, and light transmittance shaded before the branch root of hair germinates after the cuttage more than 92%.Shading screen only uses in summer and autumn, covers 2 layers on greenhouse film, and the rate of shading about 75% to control canopy temperature and light intensity, enters summer time, also should carry out mist cooling in the booth, in case noon the temperature overheating nursery stock of burning.
Nutrient management: need not use base manure substantially during cuttage, after branch roots, need to spray special I NRA-Morizet formula nutritional liquid.Described special I NRA-Morizet formula nutritional liquid is a kind of oak class water planting nutrient solution commonly used, and this nutrient composition comprises 0.25mM KHPO4,4.85mM KH
2PO
4, 1mM KNO
3, 1.05mMCa (NO
3)
2, 0.276mM (NH
4)
2SO
4, 0.54mM MgSO
1, 0.085mM NaCl, 3.64mM MnSO
4, 3.06mMZnSO
4, 9.12mM H
3BO
3, 0.78mM CuSO
4, 0.25mM Mo
2O
7(NH
4)
2, 0.1mM FeSO
4And 0.1mMEDTA-Na
2, reagent can directly be buied by market.
Pest management: cuttage seeding insect pest in booth is less, and main pre-disease prevention comprises preventing that dry branches and fallen leaves from rotting and root rot, can spray the carbendazim solution prevention every 15 days.
4) acclimatization and transplants: after the cuttage about about 20 days, sprouting can eruption, part rooting of cuttings about 40 days, after 70% above branch roots, the cave dish is moved on to booth carry out hardening outward, the time is about 30 days, will keep the moisture and the nutrient abundance of matrix during the hardening.Select soft, the fertile plot of quality to do the seedbed, the wide about 80cm in seedbed, length is decided with the plot, trench digging in the middle of the seedbed, about deeply 40cm takes out cuttage seeding from the dish of cave, and root system requires native ball complete, and the Virginia oak bareroot seedling is difficult for surviving; The transplanting spacing in the rows is 40cm, line-spacing 50cm.The plantlet of transplant of hardening after 30 days is in ground, and transplanting time is late November or mid or late Febuary in next year, enters to transplant the back management.
Maintenance after cuttage seeding is transplanted mainly comprises moisture and nutrient control, Pest management, the pruning of setting up cutting orchard and commercial seedling.Moisture is controlled with nutrient: look weather condition is different waters, executed nitrogenous fertilizer one time, and can apply fertilizer by 4kg/ mu urea in every month.Cutting orchard is set up: according to different purposes, choose good clone and go to the top, promote collateral development, keep stock tree type upper flat, need suitably prune as the plant of commercial seedling, the unnecessary side shoot of clip promotes the trunk growth.Pest management: the insect pest of Virginia oak nursery stock is less, but if close on the plant damaged by vermin, may bring disaster upon and Virginia oak, mainly contain longicorn, caterpillar, looper etc., defoliator can be with 1000 times of sprayings of 30% acephatemet, trunk borer mainly occurs in 6-7 month, and every first quarter moon, complete stool is sprayed 2000 times 4.5% r.
In the above-mentioned embodiment: cutting medium can adopt the river sand of 2:1,3:1,4:1 to add the peat mixture; The fringe bar can be 5cm, 6cm, 7cm; The IBA solution concentration can be 2000ppm, 6000ppm, 10000ppm; The NAA solution concentration can be 5000ppm, 6000ppm, 8000ppm; The IAA solution concentration can be 5000ppm, 6000ppm, 10000ppm; Concentration of sucrose is 3%, 4%, 5%; Soak time is 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes; The hardening time also can be about 35 days; The film that covers on the shed is 3,5; The cutting medium gross thickness is 16cm, 17cm, 18cm, 19cm, 20cm; Before the rooting of cuttings, keep water content of substrate 55%, 62%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 68%, 70%, 75%, shed humidity is 80%, 82%, 85%, 88%, 92%, 94%; Keep water content of substrate 25%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 35%, 38%, 40% behind most of rooting of cuttings; Control shed temperature is at 25 ℃, 28 ℃, 30 ℃, 32 ℃, 34 ℃, 35 ℃; The transplanting spacing in the rows is 40-50cm, preferred 40-45cm, more preferably 41-43; Line-spacing 50-60cm, preferred 50-55cm, more preferably 52-54cm; Food leaf insect is with 1000 times of sprayings of 28%, 30%, 32%, 34% acephatemet; 3.5%, 3.8%, 4%, 4.2%, 4.6%, 4.8% r every 2000 times of first quarter moon complete stool sprinklings; Other step is the same, also can reach beneficial effect of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1, cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) in booth, sets up, build shed on the seedbed again, the cave dish that cutting medium is housed is set in the seedbed through the seedbed of sterilization, cutting medium adopts the river sand of 2-4:1 to add the peat mixture, matrix irrigates with water earlier, and then irrigates with liquor potassic permanganate, promptly can be used for cuttage after 24 hours;
2) cut fringe: annual 2-3 is between the month, when sprouting does not also sprout and is about to sprout, chooses 2-4 and gives birth to the branch that the nearly root of Virginia oak elite stand gives birth to and cut fringe, and the fringe bar is cut into the branch of 5-7cm, keeps 2-3 joint or bud and 1-2 sheet leaf, and otch is a flat nick;
3) cuttage: branch dips in 2-4 second with the IBA of 2000-10000ppm or NAA or IAA solution speed at once, or soak to transplant a cutting base portion 25-40 minute with 3-5% sucrose, put into ready-made cutting hole cuttage then immediately, the cuttage degree of depth is 2-5cm, and the matrix around the cuttage branch compressed, branch is fully contacted with matrix, water irrigates matrix after the cuttage, with sealing around the shed plastic film, manage after entering cuttage;
4) acclimatization and transplants: after 70% above branch roots, the cave dish is moved on to booth carry out hardening outward, plantlet of transplant is in ground after hardening 30-35 days, and transplanting time is late November or mid or late Febuary in next year, enters and transplants the back management.
2, cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the step 1) cover film on the shed, and film thickness is the 3-5 silk, and light transmittance is more than 92%; Cutting medium thickness is 15-20cm; The liquor potassic permanganate spray disinfectant of 0.3-0.5% is adopted in the seedbed, and the cutting medium water irrigates the back and drenches standby with the liquor potassic permanganate of same concentrations.
3, cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that managing after the cuttage in the step 3) and comprise water supply in media and ambient humidity control: before the rooting of cuttings, keep water content of substrate at 55-75%, shed humidity is at 80-95%, after 60 days, keep water content of substrate at 25-40% behind most of rooting of cuttings, and open the shed ventilation, after the sprouting eruption of transplanting a cutting begins growth, remove shed gradually.
4, cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that managing after the cuttage in the step 3) and comprise temperature and illumination control: control shed temperature is at 25-35 ℃, the shed film adopts transparent membrane, light transmittance is more than 92%, shaded before the branch root of hair germinates after the cuttage, shading screen only uses in summer and autumn, covers 2 layers on greenhouse film, the rate of shading about 75% enters and carries out mist cooling in the booth in summer time.
5, cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the step 3) that management comprises the nutrient management after the cuttage: do not use base manure during cuttage, after branch roots, need to spray special I NRA-Morizet formula nutritional liquid.
6, cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the step 3) that management comprises pest management after the cuttage: cuttage seeding was sprayed carbendazim solution prevention dry branches and fallen leaves and is rotted and root rot every 15 days.
7, cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that selecting in the step 4) soft, the fertile plot of quality to make the hardening bed, cuttage seeding is taken out from the dish of cave, root system requires native ball complete, the transplanting spacing in the rows is 40-50cm, preferred 40-45cm; Line-spacing 50-60cm, preferred 50-55cm.
8, cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that cuttage seeding transplanting backsight weather difference is watered in the step 4), executes nitrogenous fertilizer one time, and applies fertilizer by 3-5kg/ mu urea in every month.
9, cuttage propagation method of Virginia oak as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that cuttage seeding transplanting back food leaf insect is used 1000 times of sprayings of 25-35% acephatemet in the step 4), trunk borer sprays 2000 times 4-5% r every the first quarter moon complete stool.
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| CN113545231B (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2023-11-07 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Seedbed heating method for promoting cuttage rooting of Quercus virginiana |
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