CN101514251A - Vehicle braking composite material reinforced by confusion of natural fiber and crystal whisker and preparing method thereof - Google Patents
Vehicle braking composite material reinforced by confusion of natural fiber and crystal whisker and preparing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a vehicle braking composite material reinforced by confusion of natural fiber and crystal whisker and preparing method thereof. The raw materials of composite friction material is composed of bamboo fiber, phenolic resin, magnesium sulfate crystal whisker, steel fiber, copper powder, graphite dust, pyrophyllite powder, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, barium sulfate and zinc stearate. The preparing method comprises the following steps: preprocessing the raw materials, mixing the raw materials, hot pressing shaping and heat processing. The invention uses the bamboo fiber with low cost for reinforcing the phenolic resin. The proper amount of wear-increasing agent, anti-wear agent and filling agent for exerting the cooperative coupling function among the substrate, the fiber/crystal whisker and filling agent, thereby obtaining the novel vehicle braking composite material which has the advantages of stable friction coefficient under different temperatures, low wear rate, high heat fading resistance, excellent braking effect, shock absorbing, noise reduction and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly strengthen resin-matrix friction material, particularly relate to as mixing friction materials and preparation thereof in automotive friction drift stop, the friction gear by natural fiber and inorganic salt whisker hybrid.
Background technology
The high speed development of automotive industry, and the requirement of safe, comfortable and environmental-protecting performance further improves proposes new an urgent demand to the development of high-performance brake material.Brake friction material on the one hand requirement will have high and stable damping force, requires promptly that frictional coefficient keeps stablizing under the situation of (40~600 ℃) and speed, pressure and environment change in temperature range widely; Good wear resistance to be arranged on the other hand to guarantee suitable work-ing life and insensitivity; Good thermal conductivity, small vibration, noiseless, environmentally safe and certain high temperature physical strength also should be arranged.
Traditional asbestos-based friction material is because problems such as character of heat-fading and asbestos toxic withdraw from brake friction material market day by day.At present as the more semimetal friction material that has, be mainly used in the disc brake pad of car and heavy-duty car, has good heat resistance, unit surface absorption power height, thermal conductivity is big, can be applicable to automobile at a high speed, damped condition requirement during heavy service, but it exists shortcomings such as brake noise is big, corner embrittlement; The NAO friction materials is non-asbestos blend fiber friction materials, and brake facing is a chopped strand type frictionshoe usually, and clutch disc is a continuous fibre type friction plate; Powder metallurgy friction material, system with iron-based, copper original washing powder shape material through mix, die mould, and form at sintering at high temperature, be applicable to the braking and the transmission of braking under the comparatively high temps and transmission condition condition such as aircraft, cargo truck, heavy engineering machinery, long service life, but goods price height, brake noise is big, heavy and fragility is big, the antithesis wearing and tearing are big; And carbon fiber friction material, have best friction and wear behavior, the unit surface absorption power height and the light specific gravity of carbon fiber friction plate, be particularly suitable for producing the aircraft brake sheet, abroad the brake facing of some high-grade car also uses, but it costs an arm and a leg, range of application is restricted, and output is less.In above four kinds of friction resistance materials, NAO type assorted fibre strengthens brake friction material, and leeway is big, technology simple, starting material obtain convenient being subjected to certainly because of its performance is regulated and control.New fibers such as picture steel fiber, glass fibre, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, copper fiber, potassium titanate fiber, mica fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, nylon fiber provide material choice leeway for extensively carrying out the assorted fibre Study on Friction Materials.But these assorted fibre friction materials prices are more expensive, and frictional coefficient is also stable inadequately, further reduces cost and seek suitable cheap wild phase, improves performance, becomes the key factor of further applying of assorted fibre brake friction material.
Bamboo fibers is to develop the also novel regenerated cellulose fibre of industrialization voluntarily by China in recent years, be called as " ecological fiber ", " natural glass fiber ", has very high green environmental protection, air permeability and good, unique rebound resilience, moment water-absorbent, good wear resistance, germ resistance and stronger vertical and horizontal intensity.Simultaneously its abundant raw material, preparation technology are simple, and cost is very cheap, and especially higher specific tenacity and specific modulus make it have high performance price ratio as the novel resin-based composite material strongthener, and application potential is huge.Existing application in the fields such as cement composite material, composite sheet, reinforced plastics and textile industry at present, but for high performance engineering plastics, especially be that the application of the enhancing modified aspect of brake friction material does not appear in the newspapers.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is bamboo fibers is added in the resin-matrix friction material, and mix enhancing with alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker and steel fiber, provide that a kind of frictional coefficient is moderate, wear rate is low, damping noise reduction, novel high-performance composite friction material that cost is low and preparation method thereof; Utilize very cheap bamboo fibers of price and alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker to mix enhancing modified resol, performance bamboo fibers room temperature wear resistance is good, the characteristics that the alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker high temperature abrasion resistance is good, be equipped with that suitable increasing rubs, anti-wear agent and filler etc., collaborative coupling between performance matrix, fiber/whisker, the filler, thereby acquisition frictional coefficient under differing temps is moderate, stable, wear rate is low, noise, vibrations little, has the decline of heat resistanceheat resistant preferably property, good braking effect, the new automobile braking composite material that cost is low; Significantly improve the over-all properties such as tribology, heat, machinery of composite friction material and reduce cost, the high-quality friction material that adapts to the special operation condition requirement is provided for Gao Xinmin recruitment journey fields such as automobile, machinery, chemical industry, biologies.
Natural fiber of the present invention and inorganic salt whisker hybrid strengthen vehicle braking composite material, and it is characterized in that: the raw material of described composite friction material is made up of bamboo fibers, alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker, steel fiber, resol, copper powder, Graphite Powder 99, pyrophyllite in powder, aluminum oxide, ferric oxide, barium sulfate, Zinic stearas.
Natural fiber of the present invention and inorganic salt whisker hybrid strengthen the preparation method of vehicle braking composite material: according to described raw material weight proportioning, preparation process is:
A) raw materials pretreatment: bamboo fibers is placed in the baking oven dried 1~1.5 hour under 100~120 ℃ of temperature, resol is placed on 50~60 ℃ of oven dry 0.5 hour, and other raw materials were placed in baking ovens under 120 ℃ of temperature oven dry 1 hour;
B) according to " electrically batch mixing " principle, get exsiccant resol in the step a), steel fiber, alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker and other the various raw materials except that bamboo fibers, stirred 4~5 minutes, drop into bamboo fibers again, stir discharging after 3~4 minutes.Batch mixing outward appearance after the stirring is the cashmere shape, and various fibers are interlaced, and filler and toner distribute wherein;
C) material after step b) is stirred is put into 150~160 ℃ of hot pressing die die cavitys, and is hot-forming under 20~25Mpa pressure, hot pressing soaking time 7~10 minutes or determine the hot pressing soaking time by 1~1.5min/mm according to the thickness of goods; Begin in hot pressing 20~60 seconds, must open die cavity, exit two to three times;
D) goods after hot-forming are warmed up to 150 ℃ in half an hour in baking oven with step c), are incubated 12 hours, and keep baking oven to ventilate, and obtain finished product with stove cooling cooling then.
Than prior art, the present invention is based on the composite Materials Design method, with bamboo fibers, alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker, steel fiber for mixing toughener, purpose provide a kind of under differing temps low, the noise of stable friction factor, wear rate and vibrations are little, good braking effect, new type natural fiber reinforcement automotive brake friction material that cost is low and preparation method thereof.Therefore have following advantage:
1) bamboo fibers, alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker and steel fiber play enhancement at friction materials, have improved the supporting capacity of matrix, improve the specific tenacity and the specific rigidity of matrix material effectively.Bamboo fibers has wear resistance preferably under the low temperature simultaneously, to the damping noise reduction of material, improves the rub resistance polishing machine and plays crucial effect; Alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker has good tribological property under the high temperature, and the carbonization of bamboo fibers helps the formation of transfer film between friction pair, has reduced the surface of friction pair adhesion.Significantly mix effect between bamboo fibers, alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker and the steel fiber three tribological property of brake material is had remarkable influence.
2) bamboo fibers is to utilize the bamboo of China's widespread production to be raw material, the regenerated cellulose fibre of producing through special high-tech art breading.Its chemical ingredients mainly is Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and other contains a small amount of ash other material that grades.Wherein Mierocrystalline cellulose is the topmost composition of bamboo fibers.China's bamboo timber resource is abundant, and the phase of becoming a useful person belongs to renewable resources than the timber much shorter; Bamboo the growth process in, without any source of pollution, come from nature fully, but the bamboo fibers natural degradation of making can not born to environment structure; The bamboo fibers synthesis technique also improving day by day, constantly reduces its cost simultaneously, can not exert an influence to production because of the raw material problem.
3) mix the enhanced friction materials by bamboo fibers and alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker, frictional coefficient is moderate, wear rate is low, damping noise reduction, heat resistanceheat resistant decline performance is good, and cost is low again, and very big application prospect is arranged.
Embodiment
The composition of raw materials of composite friction material according to parts by weight is: 4~20 parts of bamboo fiberss, 15~30 parts of alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whiskers, 5~15 parts of steel fibers, 20~30 parts in resol, 5~12 parts of copper powders, 5~15 parts of Graphite Powder 99s, 5~12 parts in aluminum oxide, 1~2 part of Zinic stearas, 5~10 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 3~8 parts of ferric oxide, 5~20 parts in barium sulfate.
Optimum material proportion is: 4~10 parts of bamboo fiberss, 20~30 parts of alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whiskers, 5~10 parts of steel fibers, 18~25 parts in resol, 5~10 parts of copper powders, 8~15 parts of Graphite Powder 99s, 8~11 parts in aluminum oxide, 1~2 part of Zinic stearas, 7~10 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 3~5 parts of ferric oxide, 5~15 parts in barium sulfate.
According to described raw material weight proportioning, preparation process is:
A) raw materials pretreatment: bamboo fibers is placed in the baking oven dried 1~1.5 hour under 100~120 ℃ of temperature, resol is placed on 50~60 ℃ of oven dry 0.5 hour, and other raw materials were placed in baking ovens under 120 ℃ of temperature oven dry 1 hour;
B) get dried resin in the step a), steel fiber, alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker and other the various raw materials except that bamboo fibers, stirred 4~5 minutes, drop into bamboo fibers again, stir discharging after 3~4 minutes.Batch mixing outward appearance after the stirring is the cashmere shape, and various fibers are interlaced, and filler and toner distribute wherein;
C) material after step b) is stirred is put into 150~160 ℃ of hot pressing die die cavitys, and is hot-forming under 25~30Mpa pressure, hot pressing soaking time 7~10 minutes or determine the hot pressing soaking time by 1~1.5min/mm according to the thickness of goods; Begin in hot pressing 20~60 seconds, must open die cavity, exit two to three times;
D) goods after hot-forming are warmed up to 150 ℃ in half an hour in baking oven with step c), are incubated 12 hours, with stove cooling cooling, obtain finished product then.
The present invention is further illustrated with comparison below by embodiment, but the present invention is not limited in these examples.
Embodiment 1 (preferred embodiment)
Get following composition proportion: 7 parts of bamboo fiberss, 25 parts of alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whiskers, 5 parts of steel fibers, 11 parts in aluminum oxide, 6 parts in graphite, 22 parts in resol, 10 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 8 parts of ferric oxide, 10 parts of copper powders, 15 parts in barium sulfate, 1 part of Zinic stearas.Prepare friction materials by following processing step:
A) raw materials pretreatment: bamboo fibers and other raw materials were placed in the baking oven under 120 ℃ of temperature oven dry 1 hour, and resin is placed on 60 ℃ of oven dry 0.5 hour;
B) get exsiccant resol in the step a), steel fiber, alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker and other the various raw materials except that bamboo fibers, stirred 4 minutes, drop into bamboo fibers again, stir discharging after 3 minutes.Batch mixing outward appearance after the stirring is the cashmere shape, and various fibers are interlaced, and filler and toner distribute wherein;
C) material after the step b) stirring is put into 160 ℃ of hot pressing die die cavitys, hot-forming under 25Mpa pressure, hot pressing soaking time 9 minutes; Begin in hot pressing 20~60 seconds, must open die cavity, exit two to three times;
D) goods after hot-forming are warmed up to 150 ℃ in half an hour in baking oven with step c), are incubated 12 hours, with stove cooling cooling, obtain finished product then.
Embodiment 2 (preferred embodiment)
Get following composition proportion: 4 parts of bamboo fiberss, 25 parts of alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whiskers, 5 parts of steel fibers, 8 parts in aluminum oxide, 12 parts in graphite, 22 parts in resol, 10 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 3 parts of ferric oxide, 10 parts of copper powders, 10 parts in barium sulfate, 2 parts of Zinic stearass.Prepare friction materials by following processing step:
A) raw materials pretreatment: bamboo fibers was placed in the baking oven under 110 ℃ of temperature oven dry 1.5 hours, and resol is placed on 60 ℃ of oven dry 0.5 hour, and other raw materials were placed in baking ovens under 120 ℃ of temperature oven dry 1 hour;
B) get exsiccant resol in the step a), steel fiber, alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker and other the various raw materials except that bamboo fibers, stirred 4 minutes, drop into bamboo fibers again, stir discharging after 3 minutes.Batch mixing outward appearance after the stirring is the cashmere shape, and various fibers are interlaced, and filler and toner distribute wherein;
C) material after the step b) stirring is put into 160 ℃ of hot pressing die die cavitys, hot-forming under 30Mpa pressure, hot pressing soaking time 8 minutes; Begin in hot pressing 20~60 seconds, must open die cavity, exit two to three times;
D) goods after hot-forming are warmed up to 150 ℃ in half an hour in baking oven with step c), are incubated 12 hours, with stove cooling cooling, obtain finished product then.
Embodiment 3 (preferred embodiment)
Get following composition proportion: 6 parts of bamboo fiberss, 25 parts of alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whiskers, 5 parts of steel fibers, 11 parts in aluminum oxide, 10 parts in graphite, 20 parts in resol, 10 parts of pyrophyllite powders, 4 parts of ferric oxide, 10 parts of copper powders, 12 parts in barium sulfate, 1 part of Zinic stearas.Prepare friction materials by following processing step:
A) raw materials pretreatment: bamboo fibers was placed in the baking oven under 100 ℃ of temperature oven dry 1.5 hours, and resol is placed on 60 ℃ of oven dry 0.5 hour, and other raw materials were placed in baking ovens under 120 ℃ of temperature oven dry 1 hour;
B) get dried resin in the step a), steel fiber, alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker and other the various raw materials except that bamboo fibers, stirred 4 minutes, drop into bamboo fibers again, stir discharging after 3 minutes.Batch mixing outward appearance after the stirring is the cashmere shape, and various fibers are interlaced, and filler and toner distribute wherein;
C) material after the step b) stirring is put into 160 ℃ of hot pressing die die cavitys, hot-forming under 27Mpa pressure, hot pressing soaking time 9 minutes; Begin in hot pressing 20~60 seconds, must open die cavity, exit two to three times;
D) goods after hot-forming are warmed up to 150 ℃ in half an hour in baking oven with step c), are incubated 12 hours, with stove cooling cooling, obtain finished product then.
The contrast experiment:
The sample of getting embodiment one is a sample one, the sample of embodiment two is a sample two, the sample of embodiment three is a sample three, and Santana's 2000 preceding brake(-holder) blocks that other gets the production of Shandong Dongying Xinyi Automobile Parts Corp. are sample four, German ContinentalTeves AG﹠amp; The ATE126FF Santana that Co.OHG produces is a sample five with no asbestos brake(-holder) block; It is sample six that Japan ト ヨ produces the TOYOTA brake(-holder) block from Move Trucks Co., Ltd., the matrix material sample of more than making, on JF150D-II type constant speed tester for friction between, carry out the tribological property test, the antithesis friction disc is HT250, pearlitic structure, hardness is HB180~220, rotating speed 480 ± 10r/min.Specimen size 25mm * 25mm * (5~7) mm, bearing pressure 1MPa., measure respectively and heat up and 100 ℃ of temperature-fall period mid-game temperature with liner national standard (GB5763-1998) according to disc brake, 150 ℃, 200 ℃, 250 ℃, 300 ℃, in the time of 350 ℃ to frictional coefficient, the wear rates of 5000 commentaries on classics that rub.With μ
Max-μ
MinCharacterize the stability of frictional coefficient, respectively with μ
350/ μ
100And M
100/ M
350Characterize the heat resistanceheat resistant decline property of frictional coefficient and wear resistance.
Six kinds of sample test results and disc brake are as follows with the contrast of liner national standard allowable value apportion:
Disc brake liner national standard (GB5763-1998)
The new automobile braking composite material of this patent development, the room temperature frictional coefficient is moderate, in 100 ℃ of-350 ℃ of temperature ranges, μ
Max-μ
MinMinimum, promptly the undulating quantity of alternating temperature process frictional coefficient is very little, optimal stability.Not only allow the undulating quantity of frictional coefficient far below GB GB5763-98, and all littler than the control sample of domestic and international quality products, and promptly friction stability is better than domestic and international product.High temperature friction coefficient is a little more than the low temperature frictional coefficient, and the heat fading phenomenon does not all appear in all samples.Wear rate all is lower than other two kinds of domestic and international brand products except that a little more than the moral home-made brand.The wear resistance heat fading is less, and it is worth also a little more than domestic and international brand product.Especially present embodiment 3, and at 300 ℃ below the temperature, wear rate is all very low, and 350 ℃ of wear resistancies also well.The new automobile braking composite material tribological property that this patent development is described is better than domestic and international product.Simultaneously, compare with other same type of material, bamboo fibers enhanced brake friction material has the outstanding advantage of damping and noise reduction under arms in the process, and this friction materials to preparation " environmental friendliness " has positive meaning.
In addition; the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned assembly and preparation method; be equally applicable to other assembly and preparation method,, all belong to protection scope of the present invention as long as utilize bamboo fibers to mix to come assembly and preparation automotive brake friction material as wild phase and with alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker.
Claims (6)
1. one kind by natural fiber and inorganic salt whisker hybrid enhanced vehicle braking composite material, and it is characterized in that: the raw material of described composite friction material is made up of bamboo fibers, alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker, steel fiber, resin, copper powder, Graphite Powder 99, pyrophyllite in powder, aluminum oxide, ferric oxide, barium sulfate, Zinic stearas.
2. according to claim 1 by natural fiber and inorganic salt whisker hybrid enhanced vehicle braking composite material, it is characterized in that: described resin is a resol.
3. according to claim 2 by natural fiber and inorganic salt whisker hybrid enhanced vehicle braking composite material, it is characterized in that: the composition of raw materials of described composite friction material according to parts by weight is: 4~20 parts of bamboo fiberss, 15~30 parts of alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whiskers, 5~15 parts of steel fibers, 20~30 parts in resol, 5~12 parts of copper powders, 5~15 parts of Graphite Powder 99s, 5~12 parts in aluminum oxide, 1~2 part of Zinic stearas, 5~10 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 3~8 parts of ferric oxide, 5~20 parts in barium sulfate.
4. according to claim 3 by natural fiber and inorganic salt whisker hybrid enhancing vehicle braking composite material, it is characterized in that: the composition of raw materials of described composite friction material according to parts by weight is: 4~10 parts of bamboo fiberss, 20~30 parts of alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whiskers, 5~10 parts of steel fibers, 18~25 parts in resol, 5~10 parts of copper powders, 8~15 parts of Graphite Powder 99s, 8~11 parts in aluminum oxide, 1~2 part of Zinic stearas, 7~10 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 3~5 parts of ferric oxide, 5~15 parts in barium sulfate.
5. one kind describedly strengthens the preparation methods of vehicle braking composite material by natural fiber and inorganic salt whisker hybrid as claim 1,2,3 or 4, and it is characterized in that: according to described raw material weight proportioning, preparation process is:
A) raw materials pretreatment: bamboo fibers is placed in the baking oven dried 1~1.5 hour under 100~120 ℃ of temperature, resin is placed on 50~60 ℃ of oven dry 0.5 hour, and other raw materials were placed in baking ovens under 120 ℃ of temperature oven dry 1 hour;
B) according to " electrically batch mixing " principle, get dried resin in the step a), steel fiber, alkali magnesium sulfate crystal whisker and other the various raw materials except that bamboo fibers, stirred 4~5 minutes, drop into bamboo fibers again, stir discharging after 3~4 minutes; Batch mixing outward appearance after the stirring is the cashmere shape, and various fibers are interlaced, and filler and toner distribute wherein;
C) material after step b) is stirred is put into 150~160 ℃ of hot pressing die die cavitys, and is hot-forming under 25~30Mpa pressure, hot pressing soaking time 7~10 minutes or determine the hot pressing soaking time by 1~1.5min/mm according to the thickness of goods; Begin in hot pressing 20~60 seconds, must open die cavity, exit two to three times;
D) goods after hot-forming are warmed up to 150 ℃ in half an hour in baking oven with step c), are incubated 12 hours, with stove cooling cooling, obtain finished product then.
6. the preparation method who strengthens the automobile brake composite friction material by natural fiber and inorganic salt whisker hybrid according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the stirrer of described step b) is the stirrer that blade and horizontal bar are housed, and speed of rotation is not less than 1000rpm.
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