CN101492047B - 混合动力***中调节发动机运行的方法和装置 - Google Patents

混合动力***中调节发动机运行的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101492047B
CN101492047B CN2008101074539A CN200810107453A CN101492047B CN 101492047 B CN101492047 B CN 101492047B CN 2008101074539 A CN2008101074539 A CN 2008101074539A CN 200810107453 A CN200810107453 A CN 200810107453A CN 101492047 B CN101492047 B CN 101492047B
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torque
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speed
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engine
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CN101492047A (zh
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A·H·希普
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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Abstract

本发明涉及混合动力***中调节发动机运行的方法和装置。动力系包括连接到混合动力变速器的输入元件的发动机。混合动力变速器可操作用于在输入元件和多个转矩装置以及输出元件之间传递功率。动力系的控制方法包括监控混合动力变速器运行,确定转矩装置的电动机转矩偏移量,将转矩装置的电动机转矩偏移量转换为混合动力变速器的输入转矩偏移量和输出转矩偏移量,并基于混合动力变速器的输入转矩偏移量和输出转矩偏移量调节发动机运行。

Description

混合动力***中调节发动机运行的方法和装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2007年11月5日提交的美国临时申请NO.60/985,637的权益,在此以引用方式将该临时申请并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及混合动力***的控制***。
背景技术
本部分中的陈述仅是为了提供与本公开有关的背景信息,可能并不构成现有技术。
已知混合动力系的结构包括转矩产生装置,其通过变速器装置将转矩传递到输出元件上。一个示例性的动力系包括双模式、复合分离、机电变速器,其使用输入元件和输出元件,所述输入元件用于接收来自主动力源(优选为内燃机)的牵引转矩。输出元件可操作地连接到机动车的传动系上用于传递并作用牵引转矩。转矩产生装置可以包括内燃机,燃料电池,和包括例如电机和液压装置的转矩生成装置。转矩生成装置能够用作转矩电动机以独立于来自内燃机的转矩输入将转矩传递至变速器。转矩生成装置能够用作发电机以将通过车辆的传动系传递的车辆动能转换为可以用电功率形式存储在电能存储装置内或者可以用液压形式存储在液压累加器能量存储装置内的势能。控制***监控来自车辆和操作者的各种输入,并且提供混合动力系的操作控制,例如包括控制发动机运行,变速器工作范围状态和换档,控制转矩生成装置并调节能量存储装置和转矩生成装置之间的功率互换以管理变速器转矩,速度和功率输出。
发明内容
动力系包括连接至混合动力变速器的输入元件的发动机。混合动力变速器可操作用于在输入元件和多个转矩装置和输出元件之间传递功率。动力系的控制方法包括监控混合动力变速器的操作,确定转矩装置的电动机转矩偏移量,将转矩装置的电动机转矩偏移量转换为混合动力变速器的输入转矩偏移量和输出转矩偏移量,并基于混合动力变速器的输入转矩偏移量和输出转矩偏移量调节发动机运行。
附图说明
参照附图,通过例子的方式,现将描述一个或多个实施例,其中:
图1是根据本发明的示例性混合动力系的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的控制***和混合动力系的示例性结构的示意图;以及
图3、4和5是根据本发明,控制和管理混合动力***中的转矩的控制***结构的示意性流程图。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图,其中这些显示仅是用于图解而非限制某些示例性实施例。图1和2描述了示例性的混合动力系。图1中描述了本发明的示例性的混合动力系,其包括可操作地连接到发动机14和转矩装置上的双模式、复合分离、机电的混合动力变速器10,所述转矩装置包括第一和第二电机(‘MG-A’)56和(‘MG-B’)72。发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72各自产生可以传递到变速器10上的机械功率。由发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72所产生并且传递到变速器10中的功率被描述为输入和电动机转矩(此处分别称为TI、TA和TB),和速度(此处分别被称为NI、NA和NB)。
示例性的发动机14包括有选择地在几种状态中运行以经过输入轴12将转矩传递到变速器10上的多缸式内燃机,并且可以是点燃式或压燃式发动机。发动机14包括可操作地连接到变速器10的输入轴12上的曲轴(未示出)。转速传感器11监控输入轴12的转速。由于在发动机14和变速器10之间的输入轴12上布置了转矩消耗部件(例如,液压泵(未示出)和/或转矩管理装置(未示出)),所以来自发动机14的功率输出(包括转速和发动机转矩)可以不同于变速器10的输入速度NI和输入转矩TI
示例性的变速器10包括三个行星齿轮组24、26与28,和四个有选择地接合的转矩传递装置,即离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75。如此处所使用的离合器是指任何种类的摩擦转矩传递装置(例如,包括单板或复板离合器,或组件、带式离合器,以及制动器)。液压控制回路42(优选地,通过变速器控制模块(今后称为‘TCM’)17)用于控制离合器的状态。离合器C2 62和C4 75优选包括应用液压的旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70和C3 73优选包括可以有选择地接地(grounded to)到变速箱68上的液压控制的固定装置。各离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75优选是液压应用的、经过液压控制回路42有选择地接受增压液压流体。
第一和第二电机56和72优选包括三相交流电机,其各包括定子(未示出)和转子(未示出),和相应的旋转变压器80和82。用于各电机的电动机定子接地到变速箱68的外面部分上,并且包括定子铁芯,该定子铁芯具有从其延伸的盘绕电绕组。用于第一电机56的转子经过第二行星齿轮组26支承在毂衬齿轮上,所述毂衬齿轮可操作地附着到轴60上。用于第二电机72的转子固定地附着到一筒形轴毂66上。
各旋转变压器80和82优选包括变磁阻的装置,该变磁阻的装置包括旋转变压器定子(未示出)和旋转变压器转子(未示出)。旋转变压器80和82被恰当地定位并且组装在第一和第二电机56和72中相应的一个上。相应的旋转变压器80和82的定子可操作地连接到第一和第二电机56和72的一个定子上。旋转变压器转子可操作地连接到相应的第一和第二电机56和72的转子上。各旋转变压器80和82信号并且可操作地连接到变速器功率逆变器控制模块(今后称为‘TPIM’)19上,并且所述控制模块分别检测和监控旋转变压器转子相对于旋转变压器定子的旋转位置,从而监控第一和第二电机56和72中相应的一个的旋转位置。另外,来自旋转变压器80和82的输出信号被译码以分别为第一和第二电机56和72提供旋转速度(即,NA和NB)。
变速器10包括输出元件64(例如,轴),所述输出元件可操作地连接到车辆(未示出)的传动系90上,以向传动系90提供传递到车轮93上的输出功率,如图1中显示的一个车轮。输出元件64的输出功率表示为输出速度NO和输出转矩TO。变速器输出速度传感器84监控输出元件64的转速和转动方向。各车轮93优选配备有适合监控车轮转速(VSS-WHL)的传感器94,通过图2所描述的分布式控制模块***的控制模块来监控所述传感器的输出,以确定用于制动器控制、牵引控制与车辆加速度管理的车辆的速度和绝对及相对的车轮转速。
来自发动机14的输入转矩和来自第一与第二电机56与72的电动机转矩(分别为TI、TA和TB),由来自燃料或存储在电能存储装置(今后称为‘ESD’)74中的电势的能量转换所产生的。ESD 74经过直流(DC)传递导线27高压直流连接到TPIM 19上。传递导线27包括接触器开关38。当接触器开关38被闭合时,在正常条件下,电流可以在ESD 74和TPIM 19之间流动。当接触器开关38断开时,在ESD 74和TPIM 19之间流动的电流被切断。TPIM 19通过传递导线29往返于第一电机56传递电能,并且TPIM 19同样通过传递导线31往返于第二电机72传递电能,以响应于电动机转矩指令TA和TB满足第一和第二电机56和72的转矩指令。根据ESD 74充电或放电来向ESD 74传递电流或从ESD 74中输出电流。
TPIM 19包括一对功率逆变器(未示出)和相应的电动机控制模块(未示出),所述电动机控制模块构造来接收电动机转矩指令和控制转换状态,以用于提供满足所指令的电动机转矩TA和TB的电动机驱动或再生功能。功率逆变器包括已知的补偿三相功率电子装置,并且各包括多个用于将来自ESD 74的直流电通过高频切换而转换为用于给第一和第二电机56和72中相应的一个提供功率的交流电的绝缘栅双极晶体管(未示出)。绝缘栅双极晶体管构造成开关式电源,以接收控制指令。一般每个三相电机的各相有一对绝缘栅双极晶体管。控制绝缘栅双极晶体管的状态以控制电动机驱动的机械功率的产生或电力再生功能。三相逆变器经过直流传递导线27接收或供应直流电,并且将所述直流电转换为三相交流电或者由交流电转换为直流电,其经过传递导线29和31被传导到第一和第二电机56和72中或从其中传导出来以分别用作电动机或发电机。
图2是分布式控制模块***的示意性框图。在下文中所描述的元件包括车辆总的控制结构的子集合,并且提供了图1中所描述的示例性混合动力系的控制的协调***。分布式控制模块***综合相应的信息和输入,并且执行算法以控制各种致动器来满足控制目标,包括与燃料经济性、排放物、性能、驾驶性能和硬件(包括ESD 74的电池、第一与第二电机56与72)保护有关的目标。分布式控制模块***包括发动机控制模块(今后称为‘ECM’)23、TCM 17、电池组控制模块(今后称为‘BPCM’)21和TPIM 19。混合控制模块(今后称为‘HCP’)5提供了ECM 23、TCM 17、BPCM 21和TPIM 19的监督控制和协调。用户界面(‘UI’)13可操作地连接到多个装置上,通过该用户界面,车辆操作者控制或指导电动机械的混合动力系的操作。所述装置包括加速踏板113(‘AP’)、操作者制动踏板112(‘BP’)、变速器档位选择器114(‘PRNDL’)和车辆速度巡航控制器(未示出)。变速器档位选择器114可能具有离散数量的操作者可选位置,包括输出元件64的转动方向,以允许以前进的方向和相反方向之一。
上述控制模块经过局域网(今后称为‘LAN’)总线6与其他控制模块、传感器和致动器进行通讯。局域网总线6允许不同控制模块之间的运行参数的状态和致动器指令信号的结构化通讯。所使用的特定通信协议是专用的。局域网总线6和适当的协议在上述控制模块及提供包括(例如)防抱死制动、牵引控制和车辆稳定性的功能的其他控制模块之间提供了稳定的信息和多控制模块交接。可以使用多条通信总线来提高通信速度并且提供某种程度的信号冗余度和完整性。还可以使用直接链路(例如,串行***接口(‘SPI’)总线(未示出))来实现单独控制模块之间的通讯。
HCP 5提供了用来协调ECM 23、TCM 17、TPIM 19和BPCM 21运行的混合动力系的监督控制。基于来自用户界面13和混合动力系(包括ESD 74)的不同输入信号,HCP 5确定操作者转矩请求、输出转矩指令、发动机输入转矩指令、用于变速器10所应用的转矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的离合器转矩和用于第一与第二电机56与72的电动机转矩TA和TB
ECM 23可操作地连接到发动机14上,并且用作从传感器和发动机14的控制致动器经过多个分散线路(为简单起见,显示为集成的双向接口电缆35)获得数据。ECM 23接收来自HCP 5的发动机输入转矩指令。ECM 23基于所监控到(传递到HCP 5上)的发动机的转速和负荷来确定在该时间点提供给变速器10的发动机的实际输入转矩TI。ECM 23监控来自转速传感器11的输入以确定传递到输入轴12上的发动机输入速度,所述输入速度被转换为变速器输入速度NI。ECM 23监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入以确定发动机的其他运行参数(例如,包括歧管压力、发动机冷却温度、环境温度和环境压力)的状态。例如,可以根据歧管压力或者监控加速踏板113的操作者输入来确定发动机负荷。ECM 23产生并传递指令信号以控制发动机致动器,例如包括燃料喷射器、点火模块和节气门控制模块(均未示出)。
TCM 17可操作地连接到变速器10上,并且监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入以确定变速器运行参数的状态。TCM 17产生并传递指令信号以控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制回路42。从TCM 17到HCP 5的输入包括用于各离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的估计的离合器转矩和输出元件64的旋转输出速度NO。为了控制的目的,可以使用其他致动器和传感器来从TCM 17向HCP 5提供辅助信息。如下文所描述的,TCM 17监控来自压力开关(未示出)的输入并且有选择地致动液压控制回路42的压力控制电磁线圈(未示出)和换档电磁线圈(未示出)以有选择地致动各种离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75来获得变速器工作范围的状态。
BPCM 21信号连接到传感器(未示出)上以监控ESD 74(包括电流和电压参数的状态)来向HCP 5提供ESD 74的电池参数状态的信息指示。电池的参数状态优选包括电池的充电状态、电池电压、电池温度和可用的电池功率(称为PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX的范围)。
制动器控制模块(今后称为‘BrCM’)22可操作地连接到车轮93的摩擦制动器(未示出)上。BrCM 22监控制动踏板112的操作者输入并且产生控制信号以控制摩擦制动器并向HCP 5发送一控制信号以基于该控制信号来操作第一和第二电机56和72。
每个控制模块ECM 23、TCM 17、TPIM 19、BPCM 21和BrCM 22优选为包括微处理器或中央处理器的通用数字计算机、存储介质、高速时钟、模拟-数字(‘A/D’)和数字-模拟(‘D/A’)电路、输入/输出电路与装置(‘I/O’)和适当的信号调节及缓冲电路,所述存储介质包括只读存储器(‘ROM’)、随机存取存储器(‘RAM’)、电可编程序只读存储器(‘EPROM’)。各控制模块具有一套控制算法,包括保存在一个存储介质中并且被执行来提供各计算机的相应功能的常驻程序指令和标定。控制模块之间的信息传递优选使用局域网(LAN)总线6和SPI总线来完成。在预置循环期间执行控制算法以便在每个循环周期至少执行一次。使用预置标定,通过一个中央处理器来执行保存在固定存储器装置中的算法以监控来自传感装置的输入并且执行控制和诊断程序以控制致动器的运行。在混合动力系正在运行的工作期间每隔规则间隔(例如,每隔3.125、6.25、12.5、25和100毫秒)来执行循环。另外,可以响应事件的发生来执行算法。
示例性的混合动力系有选择地按可以被描述为发动机状态和变速器状态的几种状态中的一种来运行,所述发动机状态包括发动机启动状态(‘ON’)和发动机停机状态(‘OFF’)中的一种,所述变速器状态包括多个固定档位和连续可变运行方式,参照以下的表1所描述的。
表1
Figure G2008101074539D00071
上面的表格描述了每个变速器工作范围状态,并且指出了对于每个工作范围状态应用了哪些具体的离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75。通过仅应用离合器C1 70来选用第一连续可变模式(即,EVT模式1或M1),以便“接地”第三行星齿轮组28的外部齿轮部件。发动机状态可以是ON(‘M1_Eng_On’)或OFF(‘M1_Eng_Off’)中的一种。通过仅应用离合器C2 62以将轴60连接到第三行星齿轮组28的行星架上来选用第二连续可变模式(即,EVT模式2或M2)。发动机状态可以是ON(‘M2_Eng_On’)或OFF(‘M2_Eng_Off’)中的一种。为了该目的,当发动机状态为OFF时,发动机输入速度为0转/每分钟(‘RPM’),即,发动机曲轴不转动。固定档位操作提供了变速器10的输入与输出速度(即,NI/NO)的固定传动比操作。通过应用离合器C1 70和C4 75来选用第一固定传动比操作(‘G1’)。通过应用离合器C1 70和C2 62来选用第二固定传动比操作(‘G2’)。通过应用离合器C2 62和C4 75来选用第三固定传动比操作(‘G3’)。通过应用离合器C2 62和C3 73来选用第四固定传动比操作(‘G4’)。由于在行星齿轮24、26和28中减小了传动比,所以输入与输出速度的固定传动比操作随着所增大的固定传动比操作而增大。第一和第二电机56和72的转速(分别为NA和NB)取决于由离合器所限定的机构的内部旋转并且与在输入轴12处所测得的输入速度成正比。
响应于通过用户界面13所捕获的加速踏板113和制动踏板112的操作者输入,HCP 5和一个或多个其他控制模块确定转矩指令以控制转矩产生装置(包括发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72)来满足输出元件64上且传递到传动系90的操作者转矩请求。如下文所描述的,基于来自用户界面13和混合动力系(包括ESD 74)的不同输入信号,HCP 5确定操作者转矩请求、从变速器10到传动系90的所指令的输出转矩、来自发动机14的输入转矩、用于变速器10的转矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的离合器转矩;和分别第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩。
最终车辆加速度可能受其他因素(例如,包括道路负载、道路坡度和车辆质量)的影响。基于混合动力系的操作特性确定发动机状态和变速器工作范围状态。如以前所描述的,这包括通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112传递到用户界面13中的操作者转矩请求。可以根据指令所引起的混合动力系的转矩要求来确定发动机状态和变速器工作范围状态,以按电能产生模式或转矩产生模式来运行第一和第二电机56和72。可以通过优化算法或程序来确定发动机状态和变速器工作范围状态,所述算法或程序基于操作者对功率的要求、电池充电状态和发动机14与第一及第二电机56及72的能量效率来确定***的最佳效率。控制***基于执行优化程序的结果来管理来自发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72的转矩输入,并且优化***效率,从而管理燃料经济性和电池的充电。此外,可以基于部件或***中的故障来确定操作。HCP 5监控转矩产生装置,并且确定变速器10在输出元件64处的功率输出,所需功率输出在满足操作者转矩请求的同时满足其他动力系运行要求,例如为ESD 74充电。如在上述说明中所显而易见的,ESD 74和第一与第二电机56和72被电气地可操作地连接在一起以用于它们之间的功率流。此外,将发动机14、第一与第二电机56与72和电动变速器10机械地可操作地连接在一起以在它们之间传递能量转换以向输出元件64产生功率流。
图3显示了用于控制和管理具有多个转矩产生装置的混合动力***中的信号流的控制***结构,在下文中参照图1和2的混合动力***来描述,并且以可执行的算法和标定的形式常驻于上述控制模块中。所述控制***结构适用于具有多个转矩产生装置的备选的混合动力***,例如,包括具有发动机和单个电机的混合动力***、具有发动机和多个电机的混合动力***。另外,所述混合动力传统可以使用非电动的转矩装置和储能***,例如,使用液压传动的转矩装置(未示出)的液力机械混合动力变速器。
在运行中,监控加速踏板113和制动踏板112的操作者输入来确定操作者转矩请求。加速踏板113和制动踏板112的操作者输入包括可分别确定操作者转矩请求输入,其包括实时加速器输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request AccelImmed’)、预计加速器输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Accel Prdtd’)、实时制动器输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Immed’)、预计制动器输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Prdtd’)和轴转矩响应类型(‘AxleTorque Response Type’)。如此处所使用的,术语“加速”是指当变速器档位选择器114的操作者选用位置指令车辆按前进方向行驶时向前推进的操作者请求引起车速在当前车速上增加。术语“减速”和“制动”是指操作者请求引起车速从当前车速下降。实时加速器输出转矩请求、预计加速器输出转矩请求、实时制动器输出转矩请求、预计制动器输出转矩请求和轴转矩响应类型是控制***的独立输入。另外,监控发动机14和变速器10的运行以确定输入速度(NI)和输出速度(NO)。
实时加速器输出转矩请求包括基于加速踏板113的操作者输入所确定的实时转矩请求。控制***响应实时加速器输出转矩请求控制来自混合动力***的输出转矩以引起车辆的正加速度。实时制动器输出转矩请求包括基于制动踏板112的操作者输入所确定的实时制动请求。控制***响应实时制动器输出转矩请求控制来自混合动力***的输出转矩以引起车辆的减速度或负加速度。将通过控制来自混合动力***的输出转矩所产生的车辆减速度与车辆制动***(未示出)为降低车辆速度所产生的减速度结合在一起以获得实时制动请求。
基于加速踏板113的当前操作者输入来确定实时加速器输出转矩请求,并且优选包括在输出部件64处产生实时输出转矩以给车辆加速的请求。实时加速器输出转矩请求是未整形的(unshaped),但是可以通过在动力系控制之外影响车辆运行的事件来整形。所述事件包括动力系控制中用于防抱死制动、牵引控制和车辆稳定性控制的车辆中止,其可以被用于未整形或速率限制实时加速器输出转矩请求。
基于加速踏板113的操作者输入来确定预计加速器输出转矩请求,并且包括输出部件64处的最优或优选输出转矩。在正常工作状态期间(例如,当不指令防抱死制动、牵引控制或车辆稳定性中的任何一个),预计加速器输出转矩请求优选等于实时加速器输出转矩请求。当指令防抱死制动、牵引控制或车辆稳定性中的任何一个时,预计加速器输出转矩请求响应于防抱死制动、牵引控制或车辆稳定性控制有关的输出转矩指令保持使实时加速器输出转矩请求减小的优选输出转矩。
基于制动踏板112的操作者输入和控制摩擦制动器以产生摩擦制动力矩的控制信号来确定实时制动器输出转矩请求。
预计制动器输出转矩请求包括在输出部件64处响应制动踏板112的操作者输入的最优或优选制动器输出转矩,该最优或优选制动器输出转矩受限于容许在输出部件64处产生的最大制动器输出转矩,而与制动踏板112的操作者输入无关。在一个实施例中,在输出部件64处产生的最大制动器输出转矩被限制为-0.2g。当车辆速度接近零时,可以将预计制动器输出转矩请求逐步减小到零,而与制动踏板112的操作者输入无关。如用户愿意,可以存在预计制动器输出转矩请求被设置为零的工作条件,例如,当操作者将变速器档位选择器114设置为倒档,并且当变速箱(未示出)设置为四轮驱动的低范围时。由于车辆的运行因素,预计制动器输出转矩请求被设置为零的工作条件是混合制动不是优选的工作条件。
轴转矩响应类型包括用于整形和速率限制通过第一与第二电机56与72的输出转矩响应的输入状态。用于轴转矩响应类型的所述输入状态可以是主动状态(优选包括舒适性受限的状态或最大范围状态之一)和被动状态。当所指令的轴转矩响应类型为工作状态时,输出转矩指令为实时输出转矩。优选地,尽可能快地响应该响应类型的转矩响应。
混合制动转矩包括在车轮93上产生的摩擦制动转矩和在输出部件64上产生的输出转矩的组合,其响应于制动踏板112的操作者输入来与传动系90作用以降低车辆的速度。BrCM 22命令车轮93上的摩擦制动器施加制动力并且产生变速器10产生负的输出转矩的指令,负的输出转矩响应于实时制动请求与传动系90作用。优选地,所施加的制动力和负的转矩输出使车辆减速和停止,只要它们足以克服车轮93上的车辆动能。所述负的输出转矩与传动系90作用,从而向机电变速器10和发动机14传递转矩。可以将通过机电变速器10作用的负的输出转矩传递到第一和第二电机56和72上以产生用于存储在ESD 74中的电能。
战略优化控制方案(‘Strategic Control’)310基于输出速度和操作者转矩请求并基于混合动力系的其他运行参数(包括电池功率限制和发动机14、变速器10和第一与第二电机56与72的响应限制)来确定优选输入速度(‘Ni_Des’)和优选发动机状态及变速器工作范围状态(‘Hybrid Range State Des’)。将预计加速器输出转矩请求和预计制动器输出转矩请求输入到该战略优化控制方案310中。在每100毫秒的循环周期和每25毫秒循环周期期间,优选通过HCP 5来执行所述战略优化控制方案310。将用于变速器10的期望工作范围状态和从发动机14到变速器10的期望输入速度是换档执行和发动机启/停控制方案320中。
换档执行和发动机启/停控制方案320指令在变速器运行的变化(‘Transmission Commands’),包括基于动力***的输入和运行来改变工作范围状态。这包括如果优选工作范围状态不同于当前工作范围状态,通过命令离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75中所选用的一个或多个中的变化及其他的变速器指令执行变速器工作范围状态的变化。可以确定当前工作范围状态(‘HybridRange State Actual’)和输入速度曲线(‘Ni_Prof’)。输入速度曲线是即将来临的输入速度的估计并且优选包括标量参数值,其是用于即将来到的循环周期的目标输入速度。为了确定目标发动机速度达到作用同步离合器速度以使离合器滑动最小化的输入速度,输入速度曲线在变速器换档期间是很有用的。
在一个控制循环期间重复执行战术控制方案(‘Tactical Control andOperation’)330以基于输出速度、输入速度和操作者转矩请求确定用于操纵发动机14的发动机指令(‘Engine Commands’),包括从发动机14到变速器10的优选输入转矩,所述操作者转矩请求包括实时加速器输出转矩请求、预计加速器输出转矩请求、实时制动器输出转矩请求、预计制动器输出转矩请求、轴转矩响应类型和用于变速器的当前工作范围的状态。发动机指令还包括全缸工作状态与气缸停用工作状态中的一种的发动机状态,以及包括供给燃料状态与停供燃料状态中的一种的发动机状态,在所述气缸停用工作状态中,一部分发动机气缸被停用并且停供燃料。优选在ECM 23中确定包括发动机14的优选输入转矩和在发动机14和输入部件12之间起作用的当前输入转矩(‘Ti’)的发动机指令。优选在TCM 17中估计用于(包括目前应用的离合器和未应用的离合器)各离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的离合器转矩(‘Tcl’)。
执行输出和电动机转矩确定方案(‘Output and Motor Torque Determination’)340确定来自动力系的优选输出转矩(‘To_cmd’)。在该实施例中,这包括通过控制第一和第二电机56和72来确定向变速器10的输出部件64传递指令的净(netcommanded)输出转矩(其满足操作者转矩请求)的电动机转矩指令(‘TA’,‘TB’)。实时加速器输出转矩请求、实时制动器输出转矩请求、来自发动机14的当前输入转矩和估计的应用离合器转矩、变速器10的当前工作范围状态、输入速度、输入速度曲线和轴转矩响应类型是输入。在一个循环周期的每一次重复期间,执行输出转矩和电动机转矩确定方案340以确定电动机转矩指令。输出转矩和电动机转矩确定方案340,包括算法代码,在6.25毫秒和12.5毫秒的循环周期的期间内定期执行所述算法代码以确定优选电动机转矩指令。
当变速器档位选择器114的操作者选用位置指令车辆按前进方向行驶时,响应加速踏板113的操作者输入来控制混合动力系向输出部件64传递输出转矩以与传动系90作用而在车轮93上产生牵引转矩向前推动车辆。同样,当变速器档位选择器114的操作者选用位置指令车辆按相反方向行驶时,响应加速踏板113的操作者输入来控制混合动力系向输出部件64传递输出转矩以与传动系90作用而在车轮93上产生牵引转矩在所述相反方向上推动车辆。优选是,只要输出转矩足以克服车辆上的外部负荷(例如,由于道路的坡度、气动负荷及其他负荷而产生的),推动车辆就引起车辆加速。
参照对图1和图2中的混合动力***和图3中的控制***结构的介绍,图5详细示出了用于控制和管理第一和第二电机56和72的输出转矩的输出和电动机转矩确定方案340的信号流。输出和电动机转矩确定方案340控制第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩指令以将经过约束和整形的净输出转矩传递到变速器10的输出元件64以和传动系90互相作用并满足操作者转矩请求。输出和电动机转矩确定方案340优选地包括在6.25ms和12.5ms的循环周期内规则执行以确定用于控制本实施例中的第一和第二电机56和72的优选电动机转矩指令(′TA′,′TB′)的算法代码和预定的标定代码。
输出和电动机转矩确定方案340确定并使用多个输入以确定输出转矩上的约束,由此来确定输出转矩指令(′To_cmd′)。第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩指令(′TA′,′TB′)可以根据输出转矩指令确定。输出和电动机转矩确定方案340的输入包括操作者输入,动力***输入和约束,以及自主控制输入。
操作者输入包括实时加速输出转矩请求(′Output Torque Request AccelImmed′)和实时制动输出转矩请求(′Output Torque Request Brake Immed′)。
自主控制输入包括用于实现传动系90的主动阻尼(412),用于实现发动机脉冲对消(408),和用于实现基于输入和离合器滑动速度的闭循环校正的电动机转矩偏移量(410)。第一和第二电机56和72用于实现传动系90的主动阻尼的电动机转矩偏移量(′TaAD′,′TbAD′)能够被确定,例如用于控制和实现传动系分配调节,并且是来自主动阻尼算法(′AD′)(412)的输出。主动阻尼包括对电动机转矩的调节以在低转速和低转矩运行条件下保持传动系90的部件上的最小转矩从而防止传动系的噪音。用于实现发动机脉冲对消的电动机转矩偏移量(′Ta PC′,′Tb PC′)在发动机的启动和停机期间在发动机工作状态(′ON′)和发动机关闭状态(′OFF′)之间转换时被确定用于抵消发动机转矩干扰,并且是来自脉冲对消算法(′PC′)(408)的输出。
第一和第二电机56和72用于实现闭循环校正转矩的电动机转矩偏移量通过监控变速器10的输入速度和离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75的离合器滑动速度而被确定。第一和第二电机56和72的闭循环校正电动机转矩偏移量(′Ta CL′,′Tb CL′)能够根据输入速度误差,也就是来自传感器11的输入速度(′Ni′)和输入速度曲线(′Ni_Prof′)之间的差异,和离合器滑动速度误差,也就是离合器滑动速度和目标离合器滑动速度例如用于目标离合器C1 70的离合器滑动速度曲线之间的差异来确定。当在工作范围状态中的一种模式下运行时,第一和第二电机56和72的闭循环校正电动机转矩偏移量(′Ta CL′,′Tb CL′)能够主要基于输入速度误差来确定。当在空档运行时,闭循环校正基于输入速度误差和用于目标离合器例如C1 70的离合器滑动速度误差进行。闭循环校正电动机转矩偏移量是来自闭循环控制算法(′CL′)(410)的输出。未使用离合器的离合器滑动速度可以根据第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转速以及输出元件64的转速被确定用于特定的工作范围状态。目标离合器滑动速度和离合器滑动曲线优选地在转换变速器的工作范围状态期间被使用以在将要施加离合之前同步离合器滑动速度。闭循环电动机转矩偏移量和用于实现传动系90的主动阻尼的电动机转矩偏移量被输入低通滤波器(′LPF′)405以确定第一和第二电机56和72的滤波电动机转矩校正(′Ta LPF′和′Tb LPF′)。
第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩偏移量利用线性变换(′PMap to Ti,To′)(406)被转化为对应的输入转矩偏移量TICL和输出转矩偏移量TOCL。线性变换包括从电动机转矩,例如第一和第二电机56和72的滤波电动机转矩校正(′TaLPF′和′Tb LPF′),到对应的输入转矩TI和输出转矩TO的变换。电动机转矩和输入及输出转矩之间的关系如下所示:
T I CL T O CL = a 11 a 12 a 21 a 22 * T a LPF T b LPF - - - [ 1 ]
其中系数a11,a12,a21,a22是基于用于在输入元件12和包括独立可控部件的输出元件64之间传递动力的变速器14的各部件之间的物理关系确定的,该物理关系包括电动机转矩以及变速器14的输入和输出速度并取决于变速器14的工作范围状态。
公式1的关系在公式2和公式3中进行说明和校准并简化为用于优选地在HCP 5内执行的算法代码。当变速器14处于一种固定档位的工作范围状态时,线性变换如下所示:
T a LPF = b 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 T I CL T a LPF T O CL N · I - - - [ 2 ]
其中b1-b4是可校准的标量值,参照对a11-a22的描述,而
Figure G2008101074539D00143
是输入元件12的输入速度的时间率变化。
当变速器14处于一种工作范围状态模式时,转矩转换映射如下所示:
T a LPF T b LPF = c 11 c 12 c 13 c 14 c 21 c 22 c 23 c 24 T I CL T O CL N · I N · O - - - [ 3 ]
其中c11-c24是可校准的标量值,而
Figure G2008101074539D00145
是输出速度的时间率变化。因此,取决于发动机输入功率的第一和第二电机56和72的总的电动机转矩偏移量能够被线性变化为被输入策略控制方案330的输入和输出转矩偏移量TICL和TOCL。
现在描述输出和电动机转矩确定方案340的其他方面。包括输入加速曲线(′Nidot_Prof′)和离合器滑动加速曲线(′Clutch Slip Accel Prof′)的输入与***输入,工作范围状态以及第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩校正(′Ta LPF′和′Tb LPF′)一起被输入预优化算法(415)。输入加速曲线是对将要发生的输入加速的估计,其优选地包括用于即将来临的循环周期的目标输入加速度。离合器滑动加速曲线是对一个或多个未使用离合器将要发生的离合器加速的估计,并且优选地包括用于即将来临的循环周期的目标离合器滑动加速度。可以包括电动机转矩,离合器转矩和输出转矩的数值的优化输入(′Opt Inputs′)能够针对当前工作范围状态进行计算并在优化算法(440)中使用。优选地执行优化算法(440)以确定最大和最小原始输出转矩约束(440)并确定第一和第二电机56和72之间的开循环转矩指令的优选分配(440′)。分析优化输入,最大和最小电池功率限制,***输入以及当前工作范围状态以确定优选的或最优的输出转矩(′To Opt′)以及能够被整形和滤波(420)的最小和最大原始输出转矩约束(′To MinRaw′,′To Max Raw′)。优选的输出转矩(′To Opt′)包括将承受小于实时加速输出转矩请求的一定范围内的净输出转矩的电池功率最小化的输出转矩。优选的输出转矩包括小于实时加速输出转矩请求的净输出转矩并产生承受输出转矩约束的最低电池功率。实时加速输出转矩请求和实时制动输出转矩请求均被整形和滤波并受到最小和最大输出转矩约束(′To Min Filt′,′To Max Filt′)的限制以确定最小和最大滤波输出转矩请求约束(′To Min Req Filt′,′To Max Req Filt′)。被约束的加速输出转矩请求(′To Req Accel Cnstrnd′)和被约束的制动输出转矩请求(′To Req Brake Cnstrnd′)能够根据最小和最大滤波输出转矩请求约束(425)确定。
另外,变速器10的再生制动能力(′Opt Regen Capacity′)包括变速器10作用传动系转矩的能力,并能够基于约束确定,考虑到电池功率限制,所述约束包括来自转矩装置的最大和最小电动机转矩输出以及使用的离合器的最大和最小作用转矩在内。再生制动能力确定了实时制动输出转矩请求的最大值。再生制动能力是基于被约束的加速输出转矩请求和优选的输出转矩(′To Opt′)之间的差值而确定的。被约束的加速输出转矩请求被整形和滤波并与被约束的经过整形和滤波的制动输出转矩请求相结合以确定净输出转矩指令。净输出转矩指令与最小和最大的请求滤波的输出转矩相比以确定输出转矩指令(′To_cmd′)(430)。当净输出转矩指令处于最大和最小的请求滤波的输出转矩之间时,输出转矩指令被设置为净输出转矩指令。当净输出转矩指令超过最大的请求滤波的输出转矩时,输出转矩指令被设置为最大的请求滤波的输出转矩。当净输出转矩指令低于最小的请求滤波的输出转矩时,输出转矩指令被设置为最小的请求滤波的输出转矩。
动力系运行被监控并与输出转矩指令相结合以确定满足离合器作用转矩能力的第一和第二电机56和72之间的开循环转矩指令的优选分配(′Ta Opt′和′TbOpt′),并提供与优选的电池功率(′Pbat Opt′)相关的反馈(440′)。减去对第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩校正(′Ta LPF′和′Tb LPF′)以确定开循环电动机转矩指令(′Ta OL′和′Tb OL′)(460)。
开循环电动机转矩指令被与自主控制输入相结合,自主控制输入包括电动机转矩偏移量,其用于实现传动系90的主动阻尼(412),用于实现发动机脉冲对消(408),用于实现基于输入和离合器滑动速度的闭循环校正(410),并用于确定控制第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩TA和TB(470)。上述的约束,整形和滤波输出转矩请求以确定被转化为第一和第二电机56和72的转矩指令的输出转矩指令的步骤优选地是作用在输入上并使用算法代码计算转矩指令的前馈操作。
如配置的***运行导致基于动力***的当前运行和约束确定输出转矩约束。操作者转矩请求是基于操作者对制动踏板和加速踏板的输入而确定的。操作者转矩请求能够被约束,整形和滤波用于确定输出转矩指令,包括确定优选的再生制动能力。输出转矩指令能够基于约束和操作者转矩请求而被约束确定。输出转矩指令通过指令控制转矩装置运行而执行。***运行实现了响应操作者转矩请求并位于***约束内的动力系运行。***运行的结果是参照操作者的驾驶性能要求而整形的输出转矩,包括在再生制动操作期间的平滑操作。
优化算法(440,440′)包括执行用于确定响应于最小化电池功率消耗的操作者转矩请求的动力***控制参数的算法。优化算法(440,440′)包括基于***输入和约束,当前工作范围状态,和可用的电池功率限制来监控电动机械混合动力系(例如上述动力***)的当前工作状态。对于候选输入转矩,优化算法(440,440′)计算动力***输出,该动力***输出响应于包括上述输出转矩指令并在来自第一和第二电机56和72的最大和最小电动机转矩输出和可用电池功率之内,并且在来自变速器10的当前工作范围状态使用的离合器的离合器作用转矩范围内的***输入,并且考虑了***惯性,阻尼,离合器滑动以及电/机械功率转化效率。优选地,动力系输出包括优选的输出转矩(′To Opt′),来自第一和第二电机56和72的可实现转矩输出(′Ta Opt′,′Tb Opt′)以及与可实现转矩输出相关联的优选电池功率(′Pbat Opt′)。
包括最大和最小未滤波输出转矩的输出转矩请求上的约束(440)基于输入确定,所述输入包括输入速度,输出速度,电动机转矩约束,对所使用离合器的离合器作用转矩约束,以及输入和输出加速度。优选的输出转矩受到输出转矩约束的限制并基于可允许输出转矩的范围确定,其能够变化,并且可以包括实时加速输出转矩请求。优选的输出转矩可以包括对应于最小电池放电功率的输出转矩或者对应于最大电池充电功率的输出转矩。优选的输出转矩基于动力系用于传递电功率并通过第一和第二电机56和72将电功率转化为机械转矩的能力,和实时或当前转矩,速度,和离合器作用转矩约束,以及对它的电功率输入而确定。在进行运行期间,通过使用前馈控制确定和调节来自发动机14的输入转矩和发动机状态,控制***使用控制方案控制本文所述的动力***。监控操作者对加速踏板和制动踏板的输入以确定输出转矩请求或操作者转矩请求。
图4参照图1和2的混合动力***和图3的控制***结构来详细描述了用于发动机14的控制操作的战术控制方案(‘Tactical Control and Operation’)330。战术控制方案330包括优选同时执行的战术优化控制路径350和***约束控制路径360。战术优化控制路径350的输出被输入到发动机状态控制方案370中。发动机状态控制方案370和***约束控制路径360的输出被输入到发动机响应类型确定方案(‘Engine Response Type Determination’)380中以用于控制发动机状态、实时发动机转矩请求和预计发动机转矩请求。
当发动机14包括点燃式发动机时,通过应用电子节气门控制装置(未示出)来控制发动机节气门(未示出)的位置以控制发动机14的进气空气质量能够获得被描述为输入转矩和输入速度的发动机14的工作点。这包括打开节气门来增大发动机输入速度和输出转矩,和关闭节流阀来减小发动机输入速度和转矩。可以通过调整点火定时来获得发动机的工作点,通常将点火定时延迟到最佳的平均转矩的点火定时以减小发动机转矩。
当发动机14包括压燃式发动机时,可以通过控制喷射燃料的质量来获得发动机14的工作点,并且通过将喷油定时延迟为最佳的平均转矩的喷油定时来减小发动机转矩。
可以通过在发动机停用和发动机工作状态之间改变发动机状态来获得发动机工作点。可以通过在全缸状态和气缸停用状态之间控制发动机状态来获得发动机工作点,在所述气缸停用状态中,未向发动机气缸的一部分供应燃料并且停用发动机阀门。发动机状态可以包括停供燃料状态,在所述停供燃料状态中,发动机旋转并且未被供应燃料以实施发动机制动。
输入和输出转矩偏移量TICL和TOCL是战术控制方案330的低通滤波器335的输入,产生被输入至战术优化控制路径350和***约束控制路径360的滤波输入和输出转矩偏移量TICL Filt和TOCL Filt。
战术优化控制路径350作用于大致稳态的输入上以选择优选发动机状态,并且确定从发动机14到变速器10的优选输入转矩。战术优化控制路径350包括优化方案(‘Tactical Optimization’)354以确定以全缸状态(‘Input Torque Full’)、气缸停用状态(‘Input Torque Deac’)、停供燃料的全缸状态(‘Input Torque FullFCO’)、停供燃料的气缸停用状态(‘Input Torque Deac FCO’)和优选发动机状态(‘Engine State’)中运行发动机14的优选输入转矩。
优化方案354的输入包括滤波输入和输出转矩偏移量TICL Filt和TOCL Filt、变速器10的超前工作范围状态(‘Lead Hybrid Range State’)、预计超前输入加速度曲线(‘Lead Input Acceleration Profile Predicted’)、在超前工作范围状态中覆盖每个应用的离合器的预计离合器作用转矩范围(‘Predicted Clutch Reactive TorqueMin/Max’)、预计电池功率限制(‘Predicted Battery Power Limits’)。
结合用于加速和制动的预计输出转矩请求并且通过预计输出转矩的整形滤波器352来与轴转矩响应类型一起整形以产生预计净输出转矩请求(‘To NetPrdtd’)和预计加速器输出转矩请求(‘To Accel Prdtd’),它们是优化方案354的输入,并以滤波输出转矩偏移量TOCL Filt调节。变速器10的超前工作范围状态包括变速器10的工作范围状态的超前时间移位以适应在工作范围状态中所指令的变化和工作范围状态中所测得的变化之间的响应时间滞后。因此变速器10的超前工作范围状态是指令的工作范围状态。所述预计超前输入加速度曲线包括输入部件12的预计输入加速度曲线的超前时间移位以适应在预计输入加速度曲线中所指令的变化和预计输入加速度曲线中所测得的变化之间的响应时间滞后。
因此预计超前输入加速度曲线是换挡时间后发生的输入元件12的预计输入加速度曲线。注以“超前”的参数被用于适应利用具有可变响应时间的装置通过动力系汇集在公共输入元件64处的同时发生的转矩传递。具体地,发动机14能够具有数量级为300-600ms的响应时间,而每个转矩传递离合器C1 70,C262,C3 73和C4 75都可以具有数量级为150-300ms的响应时间,并且第一和第二电机56和72可以具有数量级为10ms的响应时间。
优化方案354确定用于运行处于发动机状态中的发动机14的成本,其包括运行供给燃料并处于全缸状态中的发动机(‘PCOSTFULL FUEL’)、运行未供燃料并处于全缸状态中的发动机(‘PCOSTFULL FCO’)、运行供给燃料并处于气缸停用状态中的发动机(‘PCOST DEAC FUEL’)和运行未供燃料并处于气缸停用状态中的发动机(‘PCOSTDEAC FCO’)。将用于运行发动机14的上述成本和实际发动机状态(‘ActualEngine State’)与许可或容许发动机状态(‘Engine State Allowed’)一起输入到稳定性分析方案(‘Stabilization and Arbitration’)356中来选择一个发动机状态作为优选发动机状态(‘Optimal Engine State’)。
将在有和没有停供燃料的全缸状态和气缸停用状态中运行发动机14的优选输入转矩输入到一发动机转矩转换计算器355中,并且通过考虑发动机14和变速器10之间引入的寄生及其他负荷来将所述优选输入转矩分别换算为全缸状态和气缸停用状态(‘Engine Torque Full’)和(‘Engine Torque Deac’)及停供燃料的全缸状态和气缸停用状态(‘Engine Torque Full FCO’)和(‘Engine TorqueDeac FCO’)中的优选发动机转矩。优选发动机转矩和优选发动机状态包括发动机状态控制方案370中的输入。
用于运行发动机14的成本包括操作成本,其为基于包括车辆驾驶性能、燃料经济性、排放物和电池利用率的因素来确定的。成本被分配与燃料及电力消耗相关,并且与混合动力系的具体的工作点相关。低生产成本与高转换效率下的低油耗、低电池功率利用率和每个发动机转速/负载工作点处的低排放有关,并且考虑到发动机14的当前工作状态。
优选发动机状态和优选发动机转矩输入到发动机状态控制方案370中,所述控制方案370包括发动机状态机(‘Engine State Machine’)372。发动机状态机372基于优选发动机转矩和优选发动机状态来确定目标发动机转矩(‘TargetEngine Torque’)和目标发动机状态(‘State’)。所述目标发动机转矩和目标发动机状态被输入到转换滤波器374中,所述转换滤波器监控发动机状态中的任何指令转换并且滤波目标发动机转矩以提供滤波过的目标发动机转矩(‘FilteredTarget Engine Torque’)。发动机状态机372输出指令,该指令指示选择气缸停用状态和全缸状态中的一种状态(‘DEAC Selected’),并且指示选择发动机运行状态和停供燃料的减速状态中的一种状态(‘FCO Selected’)。将气缸停用状态与全缸状态中的一种状态的选择和发动机运行状态与停供燃料的减速状态中的一种状态的选择及滤波过的目标发动机转矩、最小和最大发动机转矩输入到发动机响应类型确定方案380中。
***约束控制路径360确定了输入转矩上的约束,所述约束包括由变速器10作用的最小和最大输入转矩(‘Input Torque Hybrid Minimum’和‘Input TorqueHybrid Maximum’)。基于对变速器10和第一与第二电机56与72的约束来确定最小和最大输入转矩,其包括离合器转矩和电池功率限制,该限制影响在当前循环期间变速器10反抗输入转矩的容量。***约束控制路径360的输入包括由加速踏板113测量的实时输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Accel Immed’)和由制动踏板112来测量的实时输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request BrakeImmed’),所述转矩请求结合在一起并且通过实时输出转矩整形滤波器362来与轴转矩响应类型整形以产生实时净输出转矩(‘To Net Immed’)和实时加速器输出转矩(‘To Accel Immed’)。实时净输出转矩优选包括由加速踏板113来测量的实时输出转矩请求和由制动踏板112来测量的实时输出转矩请求的算术和。将所述实时净输出转矩和实时加速器输出转矩输入到约束方案(‘Output and InputTorque Constraints’)中。约束方案364的其他输入包括变速器10的当前工作范围状态、实时超前输入加速度的分布(‘Lead Input Acceleration Profile Immed’)、当前所应用的各离合器的超前实时离合器作用转矩范围(‘Lead Immediate ClutchReactive Torque Min/Max’)和包括范围PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX的可用电池功率(‘Battery Power Limits’)。滤波输入和输出转矩偏移量TICL Filt和TOCL Filt也是输入。
目标超前输入加速度曲线包括输入部件12的实时输入加速度曲线的超前时间移位以适应在实时输入加速度分布中所指令的变化和实时输入加速度分布中所测得的变化之间的响应时间滞后。超前实时离合器作用转矩的范围包括离合器的实时离合器作用转矩范围的超前时间移位以适应实时离合器转矩范围中所指令的变化和实时离合器转矩范围中所测得的变化之间的响应时间滞后。约束方案364确定用于变速器10的输出转矩范围,包括基于所述***运行限制的约束(包括输出转矩偏移量TICL Filt和TOCL Filt)可用的最大和最小输出转矩。约束方案364然后基于上述变速器10的输入和输出转矩范围(包括最大和最小可用输出转矩)确定可以被变速器10作用的最小和最大输入转矩。
最小和最大容许输入转矩被输入到发动机转矩转换计算器355中,并且在考虑在发动机14和变速器10之间所引入的寄生及其他负载后被转换为最小和最大发动机转矩(分别为‘Engine Torque Hybrid Minimum’和‘Engine TorqueHybrid Maximum’)。
滤波过的目标发动机转矩、发动机状态机372的输出被和发动机的最小与最大发动机转矩被输入到发动机响应类型确定方案380中,所述确定方案380将发动机指令输入到ECM 23中,用于控制发动机状态、实时发动机转矩请求和预计发动机转矩请求。所述发动机指令包括可以基于滤波过的目标发动机转矩来确定的实时发动机转矩请求(‘Engine Torque Request Immed’)和预计发动机转矩请求(‘Engine Torque Request Prdtd’)。其他指令将发动机状态控制为发动机供给燃料状态和停供燃料的减速状态中的一种(‘FCO Request’),和气缸停用状态和全缸状态中的一种(‘DEAC Request’)。另外的输出包括发动机响应类型(‘Engine Response Type’)。当滤波过的目标发动机转矩处于最小和最大发动机转矩之间的范围内时,发动机响应类型是被动的。当滤波过的目标发动机转矩超出最小和最大发动机转矩(‘Engine Torque Hybrid Minimum’)和(‘Engine TorqueHybrid Maximum’)的约束之外时,发动机响应类型为主动的,表示发动机转矩需要实时变化,例如,通过发动机火花控制并延迟来改变发动机转矩和输入转矩以使其落入最小和最大发动机转矩的约束范围内。
所述的操作***指令控制来自发动机的输入转矩与来自第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩以实现优选的输出转矩来响应操作者的转矩请求。当从发动机14到混合动力变速器10的输入转矩内存在误差时,执行输出和电动机转矩确定方案340,包括调节第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩指令,以达到优选输出转矩,这有可能导致ESD 74的过度充电或放电。来自发动机14的输入转矩内的误差可能是基于误差的发动机输入转矩估计和机械旋转损失中的误差。因此,所述***能够被用于确定来自发动机的输入中的误差,例如通过输入速度内的误差或离合器滑动速度中的误差所表明的误差,并且能够调节发动机14的操作以最小化和消除ESD 74的过度充电或放电。调节发动机14的操作包括改变发动机运行以改变从发动机14到变速器10的输入转矩,改变发动机状态以改变发动机运行效率,和改变发动机操作上的约束以实现发动机状态和发动机工作点的改变并防止ESD 74的过度充电或放电。
应当理解在本公开的范围内允许进行修改。本公开已经具体参考优选实施例和其修改进行了描述。基于阅读和理解本说明书可做出进一步的修改和替换。其旨在包括进入本公开范围内的所有此类修改和替换。

Claims (8)

1.一种动力系的控制方法,所述动力系包括连接到混合动力变速器的输入元件的发动机,所述混合动力变速器可操作用于在输入元件和多个转矩装置以及输出元件之间传递功率,所述方法包括:
监控所述混合动力变速器的运行;
确定所述转矩装置的电动机转矩偏移量,所述转矩装置的电动机转矩偏移量包括基于所述输入元件的输入速度误差和离合器滑动速度误差实现闭循环校正转矩的闭循环电动机转矩偏移量、实现操作地连接到所述输出元件的传动系的主动阻尼的电动机转矩偏移量和用于实现发动机脉冲对消的电动机转矩偏移量,所述输入速度误差包括在由发动机提供的所述输入元件的测量的输入速度和包括即将来临的输入速度的估计的输入速度曲线之间的差;
将所述转矩装置的所述电动机转矩偏移量转换为所述混合动力变速器的输入转矩偏移量和输出转矩偏移量,所述转换包括当所述混合动力变速器处于固定档位的工作范围状态时基于所述发动机提供的所述输入元件的输入速度的时间率变化的线性变换;以及
基于所述混合动力变速器的所述输入转矩偏移量和所述输出转矩偏移量调节所述发动机的运行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,其还包括当在连续可变的工作范围状态下运行所述混合动力变速器时,基于所述输入元件的输入速度误差来确定所述转矩装置的所述电动机转矩偏移量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,其还包括当在空档模式下运行所述混合动力变速器时,基于输入元件的输入速度误差和离合器滑动速度误差来确定所述转矩装置的所述电动机转矩偏移量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,其还包括基于所述混合动力变速器的所述输入转矩偏移量和所述输出转矩偏移量调节从所述发动机到所述输入元件的优选输入转矩。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,其还包括基于所述混合动力变速器的所述输入转矩偏移量和所述输出转矩偏移量调节优选的发动机状态。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,其还包括根据所述混合动力变速器的所述输入转矩偏移量和所述输出转矩偏移量调节对所述混合动力变速器的输入转矩约束。
7.一种动力***的控制方法,所述动力***包括连接到变速器的输入元件的发动机和多个连接至能量存储装置的转矩装置,所述变速器可操作用于在所述发动机和所述转矩装置以及连接至传动系的输出元件之间通过多个转矩传递离合器的选择性致动来传递功率,所述方法包括:
监控操作者对加速踏板和制动踏板的输入;
基于操作者对所述加速踏板和所述制动踏板的所述输入确定输出转矩请求;
监控变速器的所述输入元件的输入速度;
确定所述转矩传递离合器其中一个的离合器滑动速度;
确定目标输入速度和目标离合器滑动速度;
确定所述转矩装置的电动机转矩偏移量,该电动机转矩偏移量包括基于由发动机提供的所述输入速度和所述目标输入速度之间的差异以及所述离合器滑动速度和所述目标离合器滑动速度之间的差异的实现闭循环校正转矩的闭循环电动机转矩偏移量、实现操作地连接到所述输入元件的传动系的主动阻尼的电动机转矩偏移量和用于实现发动机脉冲对消的电动机转矩偏移量;
将转矩装置的所述电动机转矩偏移量转换为所述变速器的输入转矩偏移量和输出转矩偏移量,所述转换包括当所述变速器处于固定档位的工作范围状态时基于所述发动机提供的所述输入元件的输入速度的时间率变化的线性变换;以及
基于所述变速器的所述输入转矩偏移量和所述输出转矩偏移量调节从所述发动机到所述变速器的输入转矩并选择优选的发动机状态。
8.一种动力***的控制方法,所述动力***包括可操作用于在发动机,转矩装置,能量存储装置和输出元件之间传递功率的混合动力变速器,所述方法包括:
确定输出转矩指令;
监控从所述发动机到所述变速器的输入参数;
确定来自所述发动机的所述输入参数的目标状态;
基于所述发动机提供的所述输入参数的监控状态和所述输入参数的目标状态之间的差异确定所述转矩装置的电动机转矩偏移量,所述转矩装置的电动机转矩偏移量包括实现操作地连接到所述输出元件的传动系的主动阻尼的电动机转矩偏移量、实现闭循环电动机校正的闭循环电动机转矩偏移量和用于实现发动机脉冲对消的电动机转矩偏移量;
将所述转矩装置的所述电动机转矩偏移量转换为所述变速器的输入和输出转矩偏移量,所述转换包括当所述混合动力变速器处于固定档位的工作范围状态时基于所述发动机提供的输入元件的输入速度的时间率变化的线性变换;
基于所述变速器的所述输入和输出转矩偏移量调节所述发动机运行;以及
基于已调节的所述发动机运行,控制所述发动机,所述转矩装置,所述能量存储装置和所述输出元件之间的功率流以达到所述输出转矩指令。
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