CN101479447A - 在涡轮增压器前有后处理装置的增强的发动机空气通气*** - Google Patents

在涡轮增压器前有后处理装置的增强的发动机空气通气*** Download PDF

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CN101479447A
CN101479447A CNA2007800243124A CN200780024312A CN101479447A CN 101479447 A CN101479447 A CN 101479447A CN A2007800243124 A CNA2007800243124 A CN A2007800243124A CN 200780024312 A CN200780024312 A CN 200780024312A CN 101479447 A CN101479447 A CN 101479447A
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turbosupercharger
compressor
arrangement
fluid
communicated
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V·乔尔格
O·韦伯
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BorgWarner Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842Nitrogen oxides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/32Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type
    • F02B33/34Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with rotary pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F02B37/10Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/04Mechanical drives; Variable-gear-ratio drives
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/08Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/08Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
    • F02B39/10Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio electric
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/12Drives characterised by use of couplings or clutches therein
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/06Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/08EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines for engines having two or more intake charge compressors or exhaust gas turbines, e.g. a turbocharger combined with an additional compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F01N2340/06Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the arrangement of the exhaust apparatus relative to the turbine of a turbocharger
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0406Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/15Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/24Layout, e.g. schematics with two or more coolers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一个涡轮增压器安排提供了一个涡轮增压器,至少一个处理装置以及至少一个增压装置。涡轮增压器可移动地相互连接的一个涡轮机和一个压缩机。该涡轮机具有一个上游通道和一个下游通道。该压缩机具有一个上游通道和一个下游通道。该至少一个处理装置与涡轮机的上游通道流体连通。该至少一个附加的增压装置可运作地与涡轮增压器接合以协助一个气态流体的流动通过该至少一个的处理装置和涡轮增压器。

Description

在涡轮增压器前有后处理装置的增强的发动机空气通气***
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2006年7月11日提交的美国临时申请号60/830,048的权益。上述申请的披露内容通过引用结合在此。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种涡轮增压器安排中的空气通气***。
背景技术
在美国和外国的现有的和未来的机动车辆排放标准要求更低的排放。典型地,设计为使排放最小化的发动机组件使用尽可能接近发动机气缸而定位的大的处理装置或者过滤器。这允许涡轮增压器安排在发动机排气排出发动机后尽快地对其进行处理。
将处理装置直接放置在发动机之后或者下游可对车辆的发动机组件中的其他部件具有不良的影响。例如,将处理装置置于发动机和涡轮增压器之间可导致在涡轮增压器中不希望的瞬态流动力。因此,在排气通过涡轮机之前对其进行处理的益处将只能用牺牲到涡轮机的流动气流来实现。
因此,人们希望开发一种在发动机组件中使用的空气通气***,该***允许处理装置(如过滤器)被置于涡轮增压器的上游同时抵消这些处理装置对涡轮增压器中的瞬态流动力所具有的人们不希望的作用。
发明内容
一种涡轮增压器安排提供了一个涡轮增压器,至少一个处理装置,以及至少一个额外的增压装置。该涡轮增压器包括可移动地彼此连接的一个涡轮机和一个压缩机。涡轮机具有一个上游通道和一个下游通道。压缩机具有一个上游通道和一个下游通道。该至少一个的处理装置与涡轮机的上游通道流体连通。该额外的至少一个增压装置与涡轮增压器可运行第接合以协助一个气态流体通过该至少一个的处理装置和涡轮增压器的流动。
本发明进一步的可适用领域将从以下的详细描述中变得清楚。应当理解详细说明和具体实例虽然表明了本发明的优选实施方案,但它们意在仅仅是为了说明的目的而无意限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
从详细说明和附图中将能全面理解本发明,在附图中:
图1是一个涡轮增压器安排的示意图,它描绘了根据本发明的增压装置(用虚线示出)的位置;
图2是一个具有高压排气再循环(EGR)通道的涡轮增压器安排的示意图,它描绘了根据本发明的增压装置的位置;
图3是一个具有低压EGR通道的涡轮增压器安排的示意图,它描绘了根据本发明的增压装置(用虚线示出)的位置;和
图4是一个具有高压EGR通道(用虚线示出)和低压EGR通道(用虚线示出)的涡轮增压器安排的示意图,它描绘了增压装置(用虚线示出)的位置,其中根据本发明可以使用以上部件的预定的组合。
具体实施方式
以下对优选实施方案的说明本质上仅仅是示例性的,并且决不是旨在限制本发明,其应用或用途。
参见图1,一个涡轮增压器安排总体上表示为10。该涡轮增压器安排10具有总体上表示为12的一个发动机,它具有排气侧14和进气侧16。总体上表示为18的涡轮增压器与发动机12流体连通。该涡轮增压器18具有由一个轴24可移动地连接的一个涡轮机20和一个压缩机22。因此,当涡轮机20转动时,通过轴24连接的涡轮机20和压缩机22致使压缩机22转动。涡轮机20具有总体上表示为21a的一个上游通道和总体上表示为21b的一个下游通道。压缩机22具有总体上表示为23a的一个上游通道和总体上表示为23b的一个下游通道。
至少一个的处理装置或者过滤器26与上游通道21a流体连通。优选地,过滤器26与排气14和涡轮机20流体连通。因此,过滤器26(典型地它是用于气态流体(如,排气)的处理装置)位于涡轮机20上游通道21a之前或者之上。还有可能将多个过滤器26根据具体的应用用在涡轮增压器安排10的一处或者一处以上的位置。过滤器26清理不希望的排放化学物质或气体、烟灰,杂物等等的气态流体。过滤器26的一个实例是(但不局限于)一种柴油氧化性催化剂,一个柴油微粒过滤器,一种氮氧化物存储催化剂,SCR催化剂,或类似物。在各种类型的过滤器26的一个组合中的一个预定数目的过滤器26可以在排气14和涡轮机20之间处于流体连通。
安排10包括与涡轮增压器可运行地结合的一定数量的增压装置30a-30c以协助气态流体到进气歧管的流动,这样该气态流体的温度和/或压力不会因为穿过安排10的部件降低到一个预定值以下。这些增压装置30a-30c可以位于涡轮增压器安排10之中的几个位置中。此外,有可能将多个增压装置用在这里讨论的几个位置上使用。图1用虚线示出这些增压装置30a-30c的多个可能的位置。
参见图2和图4,当增压装置30a被放置为大致如图所示时,总体上表示为32的高压排气再循环(EGR)通道在过滤器26和进气口14之间流体连通。典型地,高压排气再循环通道32具有至少有一个高压排气再循环阀门34以及一个排气再循环冷却器36。增压装置30a与压缩机22的下游和高压排气再循环通道32以及进气口14的下游的连接处流体连通。应当认识到增压装置30可以是高压排气再循环通道32的上游。
继续参见图1,另一个位置显示出增压装置30c是与上游通道23a流体连通。优选地,增压装置30c是在压缩机22和涡轮增压器安排10的进气口40之间流体连通。
参见图3和图4,增压装置30c被描绘为被用在总体上表示为42的一个低压排气再循环通道中,与涡轮机20的出气侧和压缩机22的进气口流体连通。典型地,低压排气再循环通道42具有至少一个低压排气再循环阀门44,一个节流阀46,或者低压排气再循环阀门44,节流阀46,以及排气再循环冷却器48的一个适当的组合。增压装置30c与低压排气再循环通道42的下游部分和进气口40以及压缩机22的上游部分流体连通。应当理解增压装置30c可以在低压排气再循环通道42连接处的上游。
继续参见图1到图4,在以上实施方案中这些增压装置30a-30c可以是例如(但是不局限于)驱动一个二级压缩机的一个电动力源或者液力动力源,或者一个机械增压器。这些电或者液力动力源典型地驱动一个离心压缩器,一个液力或者气动涡轮机,一个正位移压缩机,或类似物。该机械增压器可以或者与发动机12直接连接或者通过一个变速器与发动机12间接连接,比如(但是不局限于),一套传送带和滑轮,一套链条和链轮,一个完全可变比率的变速器,等等。
参见图1到图4,示出另一个替代实施方案,其中增压装置30b与轴24可运行地连接。在这个实施方案中,增压装置30b除了转动涡轮机20之外还转动轴24。增压装置30b的实例有(但是不局限于)与轴24的可运行地连接的电动机或者气动马达,与轴24可运行地连接的液力涡轮机,或迫使空气压向压缩机22叶片的气动喷嘴。
继续参见图1到图4,涡轮增压器安排10的一个替代实施方案具有发动机12中的一个阀门正时***50。因此,上述增压装置20a-30c的构型中的任何一个都可以与阀门正时***50一起使用,以便控制涡轮增压器安排10的运行条件。此外,应当理解的是,这些增压装置30a-30c构型的任何一个都可以与高压排气再循环通道32与低压排气再循环通道42的任何预定的组合一起使用。此外,多个增压装置30a-30c可以用在增压装置30a-30c的数量以及位置的任何预定组合之中。
在运行中,气态流体在排气侧14排出发动机12并通过过滤器26。然后气态流体或者通过涡轮机20或者高压排气再循环通道32(如果正在使用的话)。通过涡轮机20的气态流体或者通过排气侧38排出涡轮增压器安排10或者通过低压排气再循环通道42(如果正在使用的话)。
通过低压排气再循环通道42或者高压排气再循环通道32的气态流体与来自涡轮增压器安排10的进气口40的新鲜空气混合。如果高压排气再循环通道32或者低压排气再循环通道42没有使用,那么用来描述以下操作的气态流体和新鲜空气的混合物仅包含新鲜空气。如果低压排气再循环***正在使用,气态流体和新鲜空气的混合物于是会通过压缩机22,该压缩机正在旋转,因为压缩机22通过轴24与涡轮机20可移动地连接。气态流体和新鲜空气的混合物通过与压缩机22出气侧流体连通的一个增压空气冷却器52,以便降低气态流体和新鲜空气的混合物的温度。一个节流阀54与增压空气冷却器52的出气侧流体连通,以便控制进入进气口侧16的气态流体的流量。在节流阀54之后,来自高压排气再循环通道32(如果在使用的话)的气态流体将与来自增压空气冷却器52的气态流体和新鲜空气的混合物进行混合,并且然后进入发动机12的进气口16。
具有这些增压装置30a-30c增强了通过涡轮增压器安排10的流动并允许使用更大的过滤器26,因为这些增压装置30a-30c补偿了由于使用更大的过滤器将发生的任何流动损失。最终结果是使用更大的过滤器将提供更好的减少排放的特性而不牺牲涡轮增压器安排10的性能。
进而,由于气态流体通过过滤器26时没有温度和/或压力的下降,不要求涡轮增压器18处于发动机12附近。这样,涡轮增压器安排10的封装是非常灵活的。同时,比起如果过滤器26是在涡轮增压器18的下游的情况通过涡轮增压器18上游的过滤器26的气态流体是处于一个更高的温度,这就允许过滤器内的催化转化以一个较快的速度并且更一致地发生,这提高了过滤器26和涡轮增压器安排10的效率。这还允许减少过滤器26中使用的原材料,从而降低了过滤器26的成本。
本发明的说明本质上仅仅是示范性的,因此,不脱离本发明主旨的变化是旨在处于本发明的范围之内。此类变化不得被认为是脱离了本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (21)

1.一种涡轮增压器安排,包括:
一个涡轮增压器,该涡轮增压器具有彼此可移动地连接的一个涡轮机和一个压缩机,其中所述涡轮机具有一个上游通道和一个下游通道并且所述压缩机具有一个上游通道和一个下游通道;
至少有一个处理装置,该处理装置与所述涡轮机的所述上游通道流体连通;以及
至少一个增压装置,该增压装置与所述涡轮增压器可运作地接合以协助一个气态流体流动通过所述至少一个处理装置以及所述涡轮增压器。
2.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述至少一个增压装置是在所述压缩机与所述涡轮增压器安排的一个进气口之间流体连通。
3.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述至少一个增压装置是与所述压缩机的所述下游通道流体连通。
4.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述至少一个增压装置连接到所述涡轮增压器上。
5.如权利要求4所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述至少一个增压装置是一项至少一项:一个电动机,一个气动马达,一个与所述涡轮增压器可运行地连接的液动涡轮机。
6.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器安排,进一步包括在所述涡轮机的所述上游通道和所述压缩机的所述下游通道之间流体连通的一个高压排气再循环通道。
7.如权利要求6所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述至少一个增压装置是在所述高压排气再循环通道和所述压缩机的所述下游通道之间流体连通。
8.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器安排,进一步包括在所述涡轮机的一个下游通道和所述压缩机的一个上游通道之间流体连通的一个低压排气再循环通道。
9.如权利要求8所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述至少一个增压装置是在所述低压排气再循环通道和所述压缩机之间流体连通。
10.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述至少一个的增压装置是以下至少一项:驱动一个二级压缩机的一个电动力源,驱动所述二级压缩机的一个液力动力源,迫使空气到达所述压缩机的至少一个叶片上的至少一个气动喷嘴,以及一个机械增压器。
11.如权利要求10所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述机械增压器与一个发动机可运行地连接。
12.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述排气后处理装置是以下至少一项:一种柴油氧化催化剂,一个柴油微粒过滤器,一种氮氧化物存储催化剂,或一种SCR催化剂。
13.一种涡轮增压器安排,包括:
一个涡轮增压器,该涡轮增压器具有可移动地相互连接的一个涡轮机和一个压缩机,其中所述涡轮机具有一个上游通道和一个下游通道,并且所述压缩机具有一个上游通道和一个下游通道;
至少一个处理装置,该处理装置与所述涡轮机的所述上游通道流体连通;以及
至少一个增压装置,该增压装置与所述压缩机的所述上游通道或者所述压缩机的所述下游通道中的至少一个流体连通,其中所述至少一个增压装置增加通过所述至少一个处理装置的一个气态流体的流动并对抗所述涡轮增压器中的瞬态流动力。
14.如权利要求13所述的涡轮增压器安排,进一步包括在所述涡轮机的所述上游通道与所述压缩机的所述下游通道之间流体连通的一个高压排气再循环(EFR)通道。
15.如权利要求14所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述增压装置是在所述高压排气再循环通道和所述压缩机的所述下游通道之间流体连通。
16.如权利要求13所述的涡轮增压器安排,进一步包括在所述涡轮机的一个出气口和所述压缩机的一个进气口之间流体连通的一个低压排气再循环通道。
17.如权利要求16所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述增压装置是在所述低压排气再循环通道和所述压缩机之间流体连通。
18.如权利要求13所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述至少一个的增压装置是以下至少一项:驱动一个二级压缩机的一个电动力源,驱动所述二级压缩机的一个液力动力源,迫使空气到达所述压缩机的至少一个叶片上的至少一个气动喷嘴,以及一个机械增压器。
19.一种涡轮增压器安排,包括:
一个涡轮增压器,该涡轮增压器具有可移动地相互连接的一个涡轮机和一个压缩机,其中所述涡轮机具有一个上游通道和一个下游通道,并且所述压缩机具有一个上游通道和一个下游通道;
至少一个处理装置,该处理装置与所述涡轮机的所述上游通道流体连通;
一个高压排气再循环通道,该高压排气再循环通道在所述至少一个处理装置和所述压缩机的所述下游通道之间流体连通;
一个低压排气再循环通道,该低压排气再循环通道连通在所述涡轮机的所述下游通道和所述压缩机的所述上游通道的一个进气口之间;以及
在所述低压排气再循环通道和所述发动机之间的一个或多个增压装置。
20.如权利要求19所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述低压排气再循环通道进一步包括用于控制通过该低压排气再循环通道的流动的一个低压排气再循环阀门。
21.如权利要求19所述的涡轮增压器安排,其中所述一个或多个增压装置是以下至少一项:驱动一个二级压缩机的一个电动力源,驱动所述二级压缩机的一个液力动力源,迫使空气到达所述压缩机的至少一个叶片上的至少一个气动喷嘴,以及一个机械增压器。
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