CN101474718B - Stir friction composite welding stainless steel device with resistor heat and method thereof - Google Patents
Stir friction composite welding stainless steel device with resistor heat and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101474718B CN101474718B CN2008102364473A CN200810236447A CN101474718B CN 101474718 B CN101474718 B CN 101474718B CN 2008102364473 A CN2008102364473 A CN 2008102364473A CN 200810236447 A CN200810236447 A CN 200810236447A CN 101474718 B CN101474718 B CN 101474718B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for welding stainless steel by resistance heat as well as stirring and friction, comprising an electric power source, a transformer and a stirring head, wherein, two output terminals of the electric power source are connected with the input terminal of the transformer by an electric cable, one output terminal of the transformer is connected with a cushion plate by the electric cable, the cushion plate is used for placing work pieces, the other output terminal of the transformer is connected with an electric brush by the electric cable, the electric brush is contacted with a copper ring arranged in a groove at the upper end of the stirring head. When the device of the invention is adopted for welding, the transformer is adjusted to form low voltage heavy current; driven by an electric motor, a mixing needle is screwed in the space between two work pieces, a low voltage heavy current circuit is conducted and generates relatively high resistance heat on the work pieces, materials at the welding lines are plasticized under high temperature effect of the resistance heat and friction heat, and welding lines form at the rear part of the mixing needle. Stirring friction welding of stainless steel can be realized, abrasion of the stirring head can be reduced, weld length of the stirring head can be increased, service life of the stirring head can be prolonged; in addition, the device of the invention has simple structure and relatively low cost, and is easy to manufacture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the metal solder field, relate to a kind of agitating friction and weld stainless device and method, particularly a kind of resistance heat---the devices and methods therefor of stir friction composite welding stainless steel.
Background technology
Stainless steel is as a kind of important materials in the modern industry, has the characteristic of many excellences such as high strength, corrosion-resistant, easy processing, is widely used in industries such as boats and ships, vehicle, automobile and home appliance.In stainless steel processing process, be welded into requisite process technology.At present, have problems when adopting traditional welding process soldering stainless steel: for example, austenitic stainless steel easily forms the column crystal of high directivity, is beneficial to impurity segregation and produces solidification cracking; Ferritic stainless steel is under high thermal cycle effect, and ferrite crystal grain is easy to grow up, and causes the joint embrittlement; Martensitic stain less steel easily forms cold crack etc.This makes and is difficult to obtain desirable weld seam when adopting traditional fusion welding method soldering stainless steel, has limited stainless application to a certain extent.
The agitating friction solder technology is a kind of novel Solid-phase welding technology of Britain's institute of welding in exploitation in 1991.In the stir friction welding process, the plastic deformation that soldered material production is violent can realize welding point structure refinement and homogenising.Lower thermal cycle effect in the welding process has reduced the microstructure coarsening tendency, makes welding point have high intensity and toughness.The problem that the agitating friction solder technology has occurred when having overcome traditional welding process soldering stainless steel is for the stainless steel welding provides an approach that has development potentiality.
But low melting materials such as magnesium alloy, aluminium alloy because stainless steel has higher intensity and hardness, have significantly increased the difficulty of stainless steel agitating friction welding relatively.Especially in stainless steel agitating friction when welding,, stirring-head bears that bigger mechanical force is carried, frictional heat is carried and serious wearing and tearing, thereby the material of stirring-head has been proposed higher requirement.Therefore, the friction stir welding of designing and developing with low cost and long service life becomes the key issue that solves the welding of stainless steel agitating friction with stirring-head.In stainless steel when welding,, temperature is up to more than 1000 ℃, and the material that can satisfy instructions for use under so high temperature is refractory metal alloy or structural ceramics often, and the manufacturing of these materials and difficulty of processing are all bigger.At present, adopt polycrystal cubic boron nitride and tungsten-bast alloy as the stirring-head material mostly.Tungsten-bast alloy toughness is better, and be difficult in the welding process brittle break takes place, but easily wear and tear, and cost an arm and a leg (about 40,000 yuan/Kg).And the wearability of polycrystal cubic boron nitride is better, and material cost is relatively low, but its toughness is relatively poor, is easy to brittle failure, and commercial PCBN is mainly the U.S. and monopolizes.This shows that design and develop with low costly at present, the stirring-head of function admirable remains in big difficulty, causes stainless friction stir welding to receive bigger restriction.
In sum, realize stainless agitating friction welding,, also need in stir friction welding process, adopt auxiliary heating process except doing the improvement to material, shape and the size of stirring-head.The high temperature action that utilizes auxiliary thermal source is softening with workpiece, makes that imposing less live load just can drive stirring-head and move, the deficiency of compensation stirring-head and workpiece frictional heat, and the plasticity that increases metal flows, the realization that assurance stainless steel agitating friction welds.Moreover, reduce to a certain extent the high performance requirement of stirring-head material, make in the stainless steel stir friction welding process, use the used stirring-head of welding low melting material to become possibility, alleviated the restrictive function of high-performance stirring-head the welding of stainless steel agitating friction.Simultaneously, auxiliary heating process effectively reduces the wearing and tearing of stirring-head, increases the effective length of weld of stirring-head, thereby prolongs its service life.From relevant report both domestic and external as seen, the form of auxiliary thermal source has laser auxiliary thermal source, plasma auxiliary thermal source, electric arc auxiliary thermal source and heating tube auxiliary thermal source.But in use all there are some problems in these auxiliary thermal sources and device thereof.For example, laser is as auxiliary thermal source, and surface of the work is more serious to the reflection of its energy, and heat loss is more; The apparatus structure complexity of plasma and electric arc auxiliary thermal source costs an arm and a leg; The efficiency of heating surface of heating tube is low, and heat time heating time is long, greatly reduces the efficient of agitating friction welding.
Summary of the invention
Defective or deficiency at the auxiliary heating technique existence of stainless steel agitating friction welding in the above-mentioned prior art, the objective of the invention is to, a kind of resistance heat is provided---the devices and methods therefor of stir friction composite welding stainless steel, utilize the characteristics of the high resistivity of stainless steel material own, effectively the soldering stainless steel material.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The device of a kind of resistance heat---stir friction composite welding stainless steel comprises power supply, transformer and stirring-head, has on the stirring-head by the motor-driven shaft shoulder and mixing needle; It is characterized in that, two outputs of described power supply link to each other with the input of transformer by cable, an output of transformer is connected with backing plate by cable, described backing plate is used to place welded part, another output of transformer is connected with brush by cable, and described brush contacts with the copper ring that is positioned at stirring-head upper end groove.
The device of above-mentioned resistance heat---stir friction composite welding stainless steel is used for the method for soldering stainless steel, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) two welded parts is placed the upper surface of backing plate, dock and compress;
2) voltage of transformer is reduced to 2V～20V, make electric current be increased to 200A～3000A, form low-voltage, high-current;
3) with the mixing needle on the stirring-head slowly screwing under the driving of motor between two welded parts, when the shaft shoulder contacted two welded parts, stirring-head applied certain pressure to welded part, and mixing needle is closely contacted with welded part; At this moment, the low-voltage, high-current conducting, because of there is high resistance in welded part self, then electric current produces higher heat at the welded part place, this heat compensation the deficiency of stirring-head and welded part frictional heat; Simultaneously, mixing needle moves with certain speed along bead direction in beginning, and the material of the commissure of welded part presents high temperature visco-plasticity state under the high temperature action of the stack generation of frictional heat and resistance heat, form weld seam at the mixing needle rear portion, welded part is welded together.
The device of resistance heat of the present invention---stir friction composite welding stainless steel, for stainless agitating friction welding provides a kind of effective jig, adopt device of the present invention to carry out stainless welding, can effectively reduce the difficulty of stainless steel agitating friction welding.Simultaneously, reduce the wearing and tearing of stirring-head, increase the weld length of stirring-head, prolong the service life of stirring-head, and the device that should invent is simple, be easy to realize that cost is lower.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.Label is wherein represented respectively: 1, power supply, 2, cable, 3, cable, 4, transformer, 5, cable, 6, cable, 7, brush, 8, copper ring, 9, stirring-head, 10, the shaft shoulder, 11, mixing needle, 12, welded part (left side), 13, welded part (right side), 14, backing plate, K
1, power output end, K
2, power output end, K
3, the transformer input, K
4, the transformer input, K
5, the transformer output, K
6, the transformer output.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the device of resistance heat of the present invention---stir friction composite welding stainless steel comprises power supply 1, transformer 4 and stirring-head 9, has on the stirring-head 9 by the motor-driven shaft shoulder 10 and mixing needle 11; Two output (K of power supply 1
1, K
2) respectively with two input (K of transformer 4
3, K
4) link to each other an output K of transformer 4 by cable (2,3)
6Be connected with backing plate 14 by cable 6, backing plate 14 is used to place welded part, another output K
5Be connected with brush 7 by cable 5.Brush 7 contacts with the copper ring 8 that is positioned at stirring-head 9 upper end grooves, guaranteeing brush 7 in the rotation moving process of stirring-head 9, and the reliable transmission of electric current between the stirring-head 9.
Adopting above-mentioned resistance heat---the device of stir friction composite welding stainless steel is used for the method for soldering stainless steel, comprises the following steps:
Two welded parts are placed the upper surface of backing plate, dock and compress; Power supply 1 is reduced to 2V～20V through transformer 4 with voltage, make electric current be increased to 200A～3000A, form low-voltage, high-current, the upper surface that output K5 process cable 5, brush 7, copper ring 8 and the stirring-head 9 of transformer 4 and mixing needle 11 thereof are delivered to welded part 12 (left side), welded part 13 (right side), another output K6 of transformer delivers to the lower surface of welded part 12 (left side) and welded part 13 (right side) through cable 6 and backing plate 14.
During the agitating friction welding, welded part 12 (left side), after welded part 13 (right side) butt joint is also compacted, mixing needle 11 is slowly screwing under the driving of motor between welded part 12 (left side) and the welded part 13 (right side), mixing needle 11 contact welded parts 12 (left side) on stirring-head 9, during welded part 13 (right side) upper surface, 9 pairs of welded parts 12 of stirring-head (left side), welded part 13 (right side) applies certain pressure, at this moment, low-voltage, high-current is switched on, because of welded part 12 (left side), self there is high resistance in welded part 13 (right side), then electric current is on welded part 12 (left side), welded part 13 can produce higher heat on (right side), big large compensation stirring-head 9 and welded part 12 (left side), the deficiency of welded part 13 (right side) frictional heat.Simultaneously, stirring-head 9 drives mixing needle 11 beginnings and moves with certain speed along bead direction, the material of commissure is under the high temperature superposition of mixing needle 11 frictional heats and resistance heat, present high temperature visco-plasticity state, form weld seam at mixing needle 11 rear portions, welded part 12 (left side), welded part 13 (right side) are welded together.Because the relative motion between mixing needle 11 and welded part 12 (left side), the welded part 13 (right side), the high temperature visco-plasticity state of the material production of commissure also produces relative motion in weld seam inside, under heat activation, this layer presents the material generation dynamic recrystallization of high temperature visco-plasticity state, make welded part 12 (left side), welded part 13 (right side) by phase counterdiffusion and crystallization again, thereby weld together, after the weld seam for the treatment of welded part 12 (left side), welded part 13 (right side) was all finished, whole welding process was finished.
Below be the specific embodiment that the inventor provides, the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.
Specific embodiment 1:
316 thick stainless steels of welding 3mm, stirring-head is the tungsten alloy steel, and shaft shoulder diameter is 16mm, and the mixing needle diameter is 5mm, and length is 2.9mm.Adopting resistance heat of the present invention---agitating friction composite welding process, the rotary speed of stirring-head are 950r/min, and speed of welding is 60mm/min, and auxiliary current is 1000A.Weld length is 150mm, and the tensile strength of the stainless steel welded joint after welding reaches 86% of mother metal, and the stirring-head wearing and tearing are lighter.
Do not having under the condition of auxiliary thermal source, carrying out the agitating friction welding, can't form effective connection, and the stirring-head serious wear.
Specific embodiment 2:
304 thick stainless steels of welding 3mm, stirring-head is the tungsten alloy steel, and shaft shoulder diameter is 16mm, and the mixing needle diameter is 5mm, and length is 2.9mm.Adopting resistance heat of the present invention---the device of stir friction composite welding stainless steel welds, and the rotary speed of stirring-head is 950r/min, and speed of welding is 60mm/min, and auxiliary current is 1000A, and weld length is 142mm.The tensile strength of the stainless steel welded joint after welding reaches 85% of mother metal, and the stirring-head wearing and tearing are lighter.
Do not having under the condition of auxiliary thermal source, carrying out the agitating friction welding, can't form effective connection, and the stirring-head serious wear.
The foregoing description adopts device of the present invention to carry out stainless welding as can be seen, can effectively reduce the difficulty of stainless steel agitating friction welding.Simultaneously, reduce the wearing and tearing of stirring-head, increase the weld length of stirring-head, prolong the service life of stirring-head.
Claims (2)
1. a resistance heat---the device of stir friction composite welding stainless steel comprises power supply (1), transformer (4) and stirring-head (9), has on the stirring-head (9) by the motor-driven shaft shoulder (10) and mixing needle (11); It is characterized in that, two outputs of described power supply (1) link to each other by the input of cable with transformer (4), an output of transformer (4) is connected with backing plate (14) by cable, the voltage of transformer is 2V～20V, electric current is 1000A, described backing plate (14) is used to place welded part, and another output of transformer (4) is connected with brush (7) by cable, and described brush (7) contacts with the copper ring (8) that is positioned at stirring-head (9) upper end groove.
2. the described resistance heat of claim 1---the device of stir friction composite welding stainless steel is used for the method for soldering stainless steel, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) two welded parts is placed the upper surface of backing plate, dock and compress;
2) voltage of transformer is reduced to 2V～20V, make electric current be increased to 1000A, form low-voltage, high-current;
3) with the mixing needle on the stirring-head slowly screwing under the driving of motor between two welded parts, when the shaft shoulder contacted two welded parts, stirring-head applied certain pressure to welded part, and mixing needle is closely contacted with welded part; At this moment, the low-voltage, high-current conducting, because of there is high resistance in welded part self, then electric current produces higher heat at the welded part place, this heat compensation the deficiency of stirring-head and welded part frictional heat; Simultaneously, mixing needle moves with certain speed along bead direction in beginning, and the material of the commissure of welded part presents high temperature visco-plasticity state under the high temperature action of the stack generation of frictional heat and resistance heat, form weld seam at the mixing needle rear portion, welded part is welded together.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008102364473A CN101474718B (en) | 2008-12-25 | 2008-12-25 | Stir friction composite welding stainless steel device with resistor heat and method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008102364473A CN101474718B (en) | 2008-12-25 | 2008-12-25 | Stir friction composite welding stainless steel device with resistor heat and method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101474718A CN101474718A (en) | 2009-07-08 |
| CN101474718B true CN101474718B (en) | 2011-09-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2008102364473A Expired - Fee Related CN101474718B (en) | 2008-12-25 | 2008-12-25 | Stir friction composite welding stainless steel device with resistor heat and method thereof |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101850475B (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2012-09-19 | 重庆大学 | Current loading method for current-carrying friction stir welding and equipment thereof |
| CN101966621B (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-06-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Electric arc preheating repair welding method for stir friction plug |
| CN103212781A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-07-24 | 江苏科技大学 | High frequency contact-stirring friction hybrid welding device and welding method |
| CN106825908A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-06-13 | 东北大学 | A kind of device and method without keyhole agitating friction weldering slab |
| CN107876963A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-04-06 | 重庆派馨特机电有限公司 | Agitating friction mounted welder with heating function |
| CN111421224B (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2023-11-24 | 铜陵学院 | Friction stir butt welding device for high-resistivity alloy and processing method thereof |
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Granted publication date: 20110907 Termination date: 20111225 |