CN101423906A - High elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy material and processing technique - Google Patents
High elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy material and processing technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-elasticity high-conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy material and a machining process thereof. The alloying components in weight percentage of the material are divided into two groups as follows: (1) determined components: 90 to 97 percent of Cu, 1.8 to 7.0 percent of Ni, 0.20 to 1.8 percent of Si, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Zn, and the balance being inevitable impurities, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the alloying components is 100 percent; and (2) mutually replaceable components: 0.05 to 0.30 percent of Mg or 0.05 to 0.20 percent of Al, 0.05 to 2 percent of Cr or 0.05 to 2 percent of Ti or less than or equal to 0.5 percent of B or 0.05 to 0.2 percent of P or less than or equal to 0.3 percent of one or more than one among La, Ce and Nd, and the balance being inevitable impurities, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the alloying components is 100 percent. A process flow adopts the following working procedures of proportioning, melting, casting, heating, hot-rolling, dissolving solids, milling surface, blooming, thermally treating deformation, finishing, checking and packaging. The machine process is characterized in the working procedures of proportioning, melting-casting, heating, dissolving solids and thermally treating deformation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the non-ferrous metal manufacture field, relate in particular to a kind of high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy material and complete processing.
Background technology
Berylliumbronze has high elasticity, intensity, and good thermal conductivity, electroconductibility, solidity to corrosion, wear resistance, resistance to fatigue, elastic lag, retarded elasticity and the elastic imperfection of the elastic element of being made by berylliumbronze are less, are the best important elastic copper alloy materials of over-all properties.But the needed intensity of berylliumbronze must could obtain by timeliness thermal treatment, and the ageing treatment consistence is poor, material embrittlement when dealing with improperly; The stress relief that produces during the product standing storage causes the performance perameter of elastic element to change, thereby can not satisfy the requirement of reliable contact and guideline lives; Consider that from the environmental protection factor smog of beryllium and compound thereof, steam, dust are harmful to HUMAN HEALTH; In addition, costing an arm and a leg of beryllium makes that the production cost of berylliumbronze is higher, only just will consider use at high-end product, so its production and use have been subjected to very big restriction.
Along with people to the enhancing of environmental consciousness and more and more stricter to the requirement of product performance, high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy replaces berylliumbronze to become a development trend.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned deficiency, the invention provides a kind of environmental protection, a kind of high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy material and complete processing cheaply, be in copper (Cu)-nickel (Ni)-silicon (Si) alloy, to add zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg) or aluminium (Al) or chromium (Cr) or titanium (Ti) or boron (B) or phosphorus (P) or rare earth elements RE, when utilizing ageing treatment, nickel element and element silicon form Ni
2The Si phase, and matrix is a copper, makes alloy can also keep high electroconductibility when playing strengthening effect.By adding the metallic element of energy crystal grain thinning, the strengthening effect that further improves alloy, and casting fluidity, stampability and the wear resistance of increase alloy realize no beryllium environmental protection purpose cheaply.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
Described a kind of high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy material component, by (weight percent) be: Cu:90～97, Ni:1.8～7.0, Si:0.20～1.8, Zn:0.20～0.40, in lanthanum (La) among Mg:0.05～0.30 or Al:0.05～0.20 or Cr:0.05～2 or Ti:0.05～2 or B≤0.5 or P:0.05～0.2 or the rare earth RE, cerium (Ce), the neodymium (Nd) one or more≤0.3 and surplus are that unavoidable impurities constitutes jointly, and each alloy compositions sum is absolutely.
High elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy material component of the present invention, its alloying constituent is divided into two groups by weight percentage, is constructed as follows:
(1), determine component: Cu:90～97, Ni:1.8～7.0, Si:0.20～1.8, Zn:0.20～0.40, and surplus is that unavoidable impurities constitutes jointly, each alloy compositions sum be a hundred per cent.
(2), one or more among displacement component: Mg:0.05～0.30 or Al:0.05～0.20 or Cr:0.05～2 or Ti:0.05～2 or B≤0.5 or P:0.05～0.2 or rare earth La, Ce, the Nd≤0.3 and surplus are that unavoidable impurities constitutes jointly mutually, each alloy compositions sum is absolutely.
Adding element mainly acts on as follows:
1, add the main effect of nickel (Ni), silicon (Si): nickel unlimited solid solution in copper forms continuous solid solution, silicon improves the processing characteristics and the cutting ability of alloy, reduces liquidus temperature, makes the foundry goods densification, improve corrosion resistance, certain desoxydatoin is arranged simultaneously.Nickel, silicon when ageing treatment with Ni
2Si disperse from matrix is separated out, in matrix, play pinning effect, improve the mechanical property of alloy, simultaneously, because separating out of nisiloy element purified matrix, improved the electric action of alloy, therefore must strict control nisiloy element wt when melting than about 4:1, so that nickel, element silicon are separated out from matrix as much as possible.
2, the main effect of interpolation zinc (Zn) is to improve the punching performance of alloy and electroplate performance.
3, adding magnesium (Mg) mainly is the effect of deoxidation, purification.
4, the main effect of interpolation aluminium (Al) is the flowability that improves alloy, improves the corrosion resisting property and the surface smoothness of foundry goods, reduces the evaporation of Zn.
5, add chromium (Cr), small additions of chromium (Cr) solid solution can be played the crystal grain of refinement copper in copper, weakens the harmful effect of meltable impurity, improves the high-temp plastic of copper.
6, add titanium (Ti), add the effect that a spot of titanium (Ti) can play degasification and crystal grain thinning.
7, adding a spot of boron (B) can the refinement alloy structure, improves the mechanical property of alloy, improves that it is anti-corrosion, anti-corrosion wear and erosion resistance ability.Boron (B) content is strict controlled in below 0.5%.
8, the effect of interpolation phosphorus (P) is deoxidation and increases metal flow, helps the raising of cutting ability simultaneously.
9, adding rare earth element (RE) on the one hand can crystal grain thinning, thereby increases the crystal boundary face, is that the diffusion of zinc increases resistance; Owing to the purification metamorphism of rare earth element, make impurity in the copper alloy, pore, the loose minimizing on the other hand, thereby improve the mechanical property of alloy; Can also improve simultaneously the high-temp plastic of alloy, reduce the hot-work tearing tendency.
The rolling processing process that a kind of high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy material of the present invention adopted is: batching, melting, casting, heating, hot rolling, solid solution, mill existing technologies such as face, breaking down, thermomechanical treatment, finishing, inspection, packing, be as characteristics of the present invention: complete processings such as batching, founding, heating, solid solution, thermomechanical treatment, its processing step division is as follows:
1, described batching:
Prepare by weight percentage: one or two or more kinds element≤0.3% among Cu:90～97%, Ni:1.8～7.0%, Si:0.20～1.8%, Zn:0.20～0.40%, Mg:0.05～0.30% or Al:0.05～0.20% or Cr:0.05～2% or Ti:0.05～2% or B≤0.5% or P:0.05～0.2% or the rare earth RE and surplus are that unavoidable impurities constitutes jointly, and each component sum of alloy is absolutely; And when batching, the weight percent of controlling nickel element and element silicon in the alloy component range of its proportioning simultaneously is 3.5～4.5:1.
2, described founding:
Adopt smelting furnace that the raw material of being joined is carried out melting,, adopt the smaller red ingot crystallizer of cooling intensity during casting because the casting stress of this alloy is bigger.
3, described heating: adopt process furnace ingot blank to be heated Heating temperature: 850～980 ℃, soaking time: 1.5～8h.
4, described solid solution: the surplus temperature of made-up belt is carried out online quick cooling after adopting the hardening device that is installed on the hot rolls roller-way to utilize hot rolling, makes nickel, element silicon with Ni
2Si separates out mutually, the surplus temperature of hot rolling 〉=600 ℃.
5, described thermomechanical treatment, its processing step comprises: 1) will carry out the timeliness first time at annealing furnace through the made-up belt after the breaking down, aging temp is 400～550 ℃, and aging time is 0.5～12h; 2) will adopt cold-rolling mill to be rolled once more through the made-up belt after the timeliness for the first time, rolling working modulus be 50～80%; 3) made-up belt after rolling is carried out the timeliness second time at annealing furnace, aging temp is 350～500 ℃, and aging time is 0.5～12h; 4) adopt cold-rolling mill to be rolled once more the band after the secondary ageing, rolling working modulus is 50～80%; 5) adopt annealing furnace to carry out stress relief annealing the made-up belt after rolling, annealing temperature is 150～300 ℃, and annealing time is 0.5h～8h.
Beneficial effect:
Adopt the high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy material of processing and fabricating of the present invention, reached the use properties of berylliumbronze, the expensive beryllium that utilized element substitutions such as the relatively low nickel of price, silicon has been realized the purpose of environmental protection simultaneously.
Embodiment 1:
Adopting rolling complete processing manufacturing specification is a kind of high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy band of 0.3mm * 200mm, wherein:
Batching: alloy compositions is prepared burden by weight percentage: Cu:90%, Ni:7%, Si:1.8%, Zn:0.4%, Mg:0.3%, and surplus is a unavoidable impurities, each component sum is absolutely; And when batching, the nickel element of controlling simultaneously in its alloy component range and the part by weight of element silicon are 3.9:1.
Founding: adopt smelting furnace that the raw material of being joined is carried out melting,, adopt the smaller red ingot crystallizer of cooling intensity during casting because the casting stress of this alloy is bigger.
Heating: adopt process furnace ingot blank to be heated Heating temperature: 850 ℃, soaking time: 1.5h.
Solid solution: surplus temperature is carried out online quick cooling after adopting the hardening device that is installed on the hot rolls roller-way to utilize hot rolling, makes nickel, element silicon with Ni
2Si separates out mutually, the surplus temperature of hot rolling 〉=600 ℃.
Thermomechanical treatment: 1) will carry out the timeliness first time at annealing furnace through the made-up belt after the breaking down, aging temp is 400 ℃, and aging time is 0.5h; 2) will adopt cold-rolling mill to be rolled through the made-up belt after the timeliness for the first time, rolling working modulus be 50%; 3) made-up belt after rolling is carried out the timeliness second time at annealing furnace, aging temp is 350 ℃, and aging time is 0.5h; 4) band after the secondary ageing is rolled through cold-rolling mill once more, rolling working modulus is 50%; 5) the annealed stove of the made-up belt after rolling is carried out stress relief annealing, annealing temperature is 150 ℃, and annealing time is 0.5h.
Embodiment 2:
Adopting rolling complete processing manufacturing specification is a kind of high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy band of 0.3mm * 200mm, wherein:
Batching: alloy compositions is prepared burden by weight percentage: Cu:97%, Ni:1.8%, Si:0.5%, Zn:0.20%, Al:0.05%, and surplus is a unavoidable impurities, each component sum is absolutely; During batching, the weight ratio of controlling nickel element and element silicon in the alloy component range of its proportioning simultaneously is 3.6:1.
Founding: adopt smelting furnace that the raw material of being joined is carried out melting,, adopt the smaller red ingot crystallizer of cooling intensity during casting because the casting stress of this alloy is bigger.
Heating: adopt process furnace ingot blank to be heated Heating temperature: 980 ℃, soaking time: 8h.
Solid solution: surplus temperature is carried out online quick cooling after adopting the hardening device that is installed on the hot rolls roller-way to utilize hot rolling, makes nickel, element silicon with Ni
2Si separates out mutually, the surplus temperature of hot rolling 〉=600 ℃.
Thermomechanical treatment: 1) will carry out the timeliness first time at annealing furnace through the made-up belt after the breaking down, aging temp is 550 ℃, and aging time is 12h; 2) will adopt cold-rolling mill to be rolled through the made-up belt after the timeliness for the first time, rolling working modulus be 80%; 3) made-up belt after rolling is carried out the timeliness second time at annealing furnace, aging temp is 500 ℃, and aging time is 12h; 4) adopt cold-rolling mill to be rolled once more the band after the secondary ageing, rolling working modulus is 80%; 5) adopt annealing furnace to carry out stress relief annealing the made-up belt after rolling, annealing temperature is 300 ℃, and annealing time is 8h.
Embodiment 3:
Adopting rolling complete processing manufacturing specification is a kind of high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy band of 0.3mm * 200mm, wherein:
Batching: alloy compositions is prepared burden by weight percentage: Cu:92%, Ni:4.5%, Si::1.0%, Zn:0.30%, Cr:1.1%, and surplus is a unavoidable impurities, each component sum is absolutely; During batching, the nickel element of controlling simultaneously in the alloy component range of its proportioning and the weight ratio of element silicon are 4.5:1.
Heating: adopt process furnace ingot blank to be heated Heating temperature: 850～980 ℃, soaking time: 1.5～8h.
Solid solution: surplus temperature is carried out online quick cooling after adopting the hardening device that is installed on the hot rolls roller-way to utilize hot rolling, makes nickel, element silicon with Ni
2Si separates out mutually, the surplus temperature of hot rolling 〉=600 ℃.
Thermomechanical treatment: 1) will carry out the timeliness first time at annealing furnace through the made-up belt after the breaking down, aging temp is 480 ℃, and aging time is 6h; 2) will adopt cold-rolling mill to be rolled through the made-up belt after the timeliness for the first time, rolling working modulus be 65%; 3) made-up belt after rolling is carried out the timeliness second time at annealing furnace, aging temp is 425 ℃, and aging time is 5.5h; 4) adopt cold-rolling mill to be rolled once more the band after the secondary ageing, rolling working modulus is 65%; 5) adopt annealing furnace to carry out stress relief annealing the made-up belt after rolling, annealing temperature is 225 ℃, and annealing time is 4h.
Embodiment 4:
Adopting rolling complete processing manufacturing specification is a kind of high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy band of 0.3mm * 200mm, wherein:
Batching: alloy compositions is prepared burden by weight percentage: Cu:94%, Ni:3.5%, Si:1%, Zn:0.30%, Ti:0.9%, and surplus is a unavoidable impurities, each component sum is absolutely; During batching, the nickel element of controlling simultaneously in the alloy component range of its proportioning and the weight ratio of element silicon are 3.5:1.
The founding of its follow-up process using, heating, solid solution, thermomechanical treatment are as mentioned above.
Embodiment 5:
Adopting rolling complete processing manufacturing specification is a kind of high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy band of 0.3mm * 200mm, wherein:
Batching: alloy compositions is prepared burden by weight percentage: Cu:92%, Ni:4.0%, Si:1.1%, Zn:0.40%, B:0.5%, and surplus is a unavoidable impurities, each component sum is absolutely; During batching, the nickel element of controlling simultaneously in the alloy component range of its Europe version and the weight ratio of element silicon are 3.6:1.
Founding in its subsequent handling, heating, solid solution, thermomechanical treatment are as mentioned above.
Embodiment 6:
Adopting rolling complete processing manufacturing specification is a kind of high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy band of 0.3mm * 200mm, wherein:
Batching: alloy compositions is prepared burden by weight percentage: Cu:91%, Ni:6%, Si:1.5%, Zn:0.40%, P:1%, and surplus is a unavoidable impurities, each component sum is absolutely; During batching, the nickel element of controlling simultaneously in the alloy component range of its proportioning and the weight ratio of element silicon are 3.5～4.5:1.
The founding of its follow-up process using, heating, solid solution, thermomechanical treatment are as mentioned above.
Embodiment 7:
Adopting rolling complete processing manufacturing specification is a kind of high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy band of 0.3mm * 200mm, wherein:
Batching: alloy compositions is prepared burden by weight percentage: Cu:91%, Ni:5%, Si:1.2%, Zn:0.40%, La:0.3%, and surplus is a unavoidable impurities, each component sum is absolutely; During batching, the nickel element of controlling simultaneously in the alloy component range of its proportioning and the weight ratio of element silicon are 4.2:1.
The founding of its follow-up process using, heating, solid solution, thermomechanical treatment are as mentioned above.
Embodiment 8:
Adopting rolling complete processing manufacturing specification is a kind of high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy band of 0.3mm * 200mm, wherein:
Batching: alloy compositions is prepared burden by weight percentage: Cu:91%, Ni:5%, Si:1.2%, Zn:0.40%, La+Ce:0.3%, and surplus is a unavoidable impurities, each component sum is absolutely; During batching, the nickel element of controlling simultaneously in the alloy component range of its proportioning and the weight ratio of element silicon are 4.2:1.
The founding of its follow-up process using, heating, solid solution, thermomechanical treatment are as mentioned above.
Claims (2)
1, high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy material and complete processing is characterized in that: its alloying constituent is divided into two groups by weight percentage, is constructed as follows:
(1), determine component: Cu:90～97%, Ni:1.8～7.0%, Si:0.20～1.8%, Zn:0.20～0.40%, and surplus is that unavoidable impurities constitutes jointly, each alloy compositions sum be a hundred per cent;
(2), mutually La, the Ce among displacement component: Mg:0.05～0.30% or Al:0.05～0.20% or Cr:0.05～2% or Ti:0.05～2% or B≤0.5% or P:0.05～0.2% or the rare earth RE, among the Nd one or more≤0.3% and surplus be that unavoidable impurities constitutes jointly, each alloy compositions sum is absolutely.
2, high elasticity and high conductivity beryllium-free copper alloy material and complete processing: batching, melting, casting, heating, hot rolling, solid solution, mill face, breaking down, thermomechanical treatment, finishing, inspection, packaging process: it is characterized in that: batching, founding, heating, solid solution, thermomechanical treatment, wherein:
The batching: alloy compositions is prepared burden by weight percentage: La, the Ce among Cu:90～97%, Ni:1.8～7.0%, Si:0.20～1.8%, Zn:0.20～0.40%, Mg:0.05～0.30% or Al:0.05～0.20% or Cr:0.05～2% or Ti:0.05～2% or B≤0.5% or P:0.05～0.2% or the rare earth RE, among the Nd one or more≤0.3% and surplus be that unavoidable impurities constitutes jointly, each component sum be a hundred per cent; During batching, the nickel element of controlling simultaneously in the alloy component range of its proportioning and the weight ratio of element silicon are: 3.5～4.5:1;
Founding: adopt smelting furnace that the raw material of being joined is carried out melting,, adopt the smaller red ingot crystallizer of cooling intensity during casting because the casting stress of this alloy is bigger;
Heating: adopt process furnace ingot blank to be heated Heating temperature: 850～980 ℃, soaking time: 1.5～8h;
Solid solution: surplus temperature is carried out online quick cooling after adopting the hardening device that is installed on the hot rolls roller-way to utilize hot rolling, makes nickel, element silicon with Ni
2Si separates out mutually, the surplus temperature of hot rolling 〉=600 ℃;
Thermomechanical treatment, its processing step comprises: 1) will carry out the timeliness first time at annealing furnace through the made-up belt after the breaking down, aging temp is 400～550 ℃, and aging time is 0.5～12h; 2) will adopt cold-rolling mill to be rolled through the made-up belt after the timeliness for the first time, rolling working modulus be 50～80%; 3) made-up belt after rolling is carried out the timeliness second time at annealing furnace, aging temp is 350～500 ℃, and aging time is 0.5～12h; 4) adopted cold-rolling mill to be rolled once more the band after the secondary ageing, rolling working modulus is 50～80%; 5) adopt annealing furnace to carry out stress relief annealing the made-up belt after rolling, annealing temperature is 150～300 ℃, and annealing time is 0.5h～8h.
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| CN101423906B (en) | 2010-09-08 |
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