CN101416378A - Field emission generating set - Google Patents

Field emission generating set Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101416378A
CN101416378A CNA2006800541966A CN200680054196A CN101416378A CN 101416378 A CN101416378 A CN 101416378A CN A2006800541966 A CNA2006800541966 A CN A2006800541966A CN 200680054196 A CN200680054196 A CN 200680054196A CN 101416378 A CN101416378 A CN 101416378A
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electronics
electron
emission
electrode
field
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Chinese (zh)
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赤松则男
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J3/02—Electron guns
    • H01J3/021—Electron guns using a field emission, photo emission, or secondary emission electron source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J45/00—Discharge tubes functioning as thermionic generators

Abstract

Based on a new concept, which is different from the conventional electric-power generating method, a stable electric power generation is enabled that requires less energy, exhibits a high efficiency and cleanness, and has no fear of exhaustion. There are included an electron supplier (20) that holds free electrons; an electron emitting port (30) that is located at the electron supplier (20) in such a manner that it is electrically conductive with the electron supplier (20); an electron pulling-in/releasing electrode (40) that is opposed to the electron emitting port (30) with an electric insulation field (F) intervening therebetween and to which electric fields are applied, thereby causing the electron pulling-in/releasing electrode (40) to pull in and release electrons; an electron acceptor (50) that receives the electrons released by the electron pulling-in/releasing electrode (40); ; and an electron absorption inhibiting means that inhibits the electron pulling-in/releasing electrode (40) from absorbing the electrons emitted from the electron emitting port (30). A positive voltage is applied to the electron pulling-in/releasing electrode (40), thereby causing the electron emitting port (30) to field emit electrons, which are then received by the electron acceptor (50) for collection.

Description

Field emission generating set
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of field emission (radiation).
Background technology
In as the generating of method that obtains electric energy, except the water generating that carries out since ancient times, wind power generation, also known solar power generation, tidal power generation etc. utilize the generating of natural energy.The also known in addition thermal power generation of using fossil fuel, used atomic nuclear electric power generation.
In the above-mentioned generating of using fossil fuel, limited as the fossil fuel of raw material, can't tackle the such problem of needs of society so exist exhausted sooner or later.
In the above-mentioned generating that has utilized natural energies such as solar energy or wind energy, depend on natural conditions in addition, when people need electric power, can't ensure such shortcoming of generating electricity surely so exist as the solar energy of the natural energy that is utilized and the supply of wind energy.
In addition under the situation of nuclear electric power generation, there are problems such as the problem of fail safe and equipment.
On the other hand, the present inventor has proposed following electricity-generating method: solar irradiation is mapped on the material and is transformed into heat energy, the material heat of emission electronics from being heated utilizes this thermionic emission that heat energy is transformed into electric energy (patent documentation 1～4) thus.
In ensuing patent documentation 5, also proposed heat energy is transformed into the device of electric energy in addition.
In ensuing patent documentation 6, proposed to have used on the other hand and applied electric field and the device of the field-causing electron of emitting electrons emission.
Patent documentation 1: No. 3449623 communique of Japan's special permission
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2003-189646 communique
Patent documentation 3: TOHKEMY 2003-250285 communique
Patent documentation 4: TOHKEMY 2004-140288 communique
Patent documentation 5: TOHKEMY 2003-258326 communique
Patent documentation 6: the flat 11-510307 communique of Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication
Summary of the invention
But in the arbitrary invention in above-mentioned patent documentation 1～4, all adopted following method, applied heat energy to object, heat of emission electronics from the object of heating thus, and reclaim institute's electrons emitted and the method for generating electricity.That is, be to provide heat energy, and it is transformed into the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of the mode of electric energy,, need to drop into the big heat energy suitable with it in order to obtain big electric energy from the outside.
In the invention of above-mentioned patent documentation 5, openly gone out to utilize the element and the device of field emission in addition.But it is nothing but the converting means of electric energy and heat energy.In addition about generating, rest on the generating of the thermionic emission that utilization causes by heating.
In the invention of patent documentation 6, openly go out field electron emission materials, field-causing electron emitter in addition.But in the field-causing electron emitter, device, for example electric discharge device, electron gun, display of having utilized emitting electrons itself at the field emission of electronics etc. are shown, are not used to such technological thought that generates electricity and do not exist fully.
Problem of the present invention is to provide a kind of new Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), can be according to dropping into the fully high generating of little energy and efficient with the diverse new ideas of electricity-generating method in the past, and can clean and need not to worry exhausted stable generating.
In order to reach above-mentioned problem, the present inventor has repeated various experiments and research, its result learns following technology and has finished the present invention: by utilizing electric field to the material effect and go out the field emission phenomenon of the electronics the material from the surface emitting of material dexterously, can realize the new generating that the efficient different with the generating of being undertaken by thermionic emission is high.
If electric field for example concentrates on the narrow zone of the many materials of free electron, then to be launched into vacuum from material surface medium for electronics.This phenomenon is known as field emission.Even do not apply heat energy in this case, also can pass through electric field and emitting electrons from the outside.By collecting institute's electrons emitted dexterously, can be to the electric energy of outside taking-up based on electronics.
About the electric field that applies to material, by improving the concentration degree of above-mentioned electric field, can suppress the intensity of the positive charge that applied than the lowland.
The material that is applied in electric field in addition can be easy to carry out field emission by increasing free electron and reducing the energy barrier of the emitting area of emitting electrons.
On the other hand, for the electric field that produces electric field the source takes place, as long as only apply electric field and do not flow through electric current to material, the consumption that then can not produce electric charge in theory is energy consumption.In other words, do not arrive electric field and the source takes place and be absorbed as long as cause electrons emitted from the yard of material, then can produce power consumption in electric field generation source.
As mentioned above in the present invention,, and electric field is collected and put aside to the electronics of this field emission rightly the electronic material that is subjected to beyond the source takes place by the free electron in the field emission material efficiently, can practical generating thereby finish.Be suppressed to Min. to the energy consumption that electronic emission material applies in the electric field generation source of electric field this moment.
The 1st of field emission generating set of the present invention is characterised in that to possess: supply with body by the electronics that the material that maintains free electron constitutes; This electronics is supplied with the electron transmitting terminal mouth that body is configured to the electrically conducting state relatively; Dispose in opposite directions across the electric insulation field with this electron transmitting terminal mouth, and be used to apply electric field and attract the electronics of emitting electrons to attract emission electrode; Be used to receive the electron acceptor of the electronics that is launched owing to this electronics attraction emission electrode; And be used to prevent to be absorbed into the anti-stop element of Electron absorption that above-mentioned electronics attracts emission electrode from above-mentioned electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted, by attracting emission electrode to apply positive voltage to above-mentioned electronics from above-mentioned electron transmitting terminal mouth field emitted electron, do not make the electronics of this field emission be absorbed into above-mentioned electronics attraction emission electrode, and the above-mentioned electron acceptor that use is disposed in addition receive the electronics of this field emission and collect.
Field emission generating set of the present invention in addition is except above-mentioned the 1st feature, and it the 2nd is characterised in that the electron transmitting terminal mouth is made of little material and/or the shape of energy barrier with respect to the electronics emission.
Field emission generating set of the present invention in addition is except above-mentioned the 1st feature, and it the 3rd is characterised in that, the electron transmitting terminal mouth is constituted as to erect on the surface that electronics is supplied with body and accurate one dimension material is set so that its length direction becomes the electronics transmit direction.
Field emission generating set of the present invention in addition is except above-mentioned the 3rd feature, and it the 4th is characterised in that accurate one dimension material is a carbon nano-tube.
Field emission generating set of the present invention in addition is except above-mentioned the 1st feature, and it the 5th is characterised in that above-mentioned electric insulation field is made of insulating space or megohmite insulant.
Field emission generating set of the present invention in addition is except above-mentioned the 1st feature, it the 6th is characterised in that, the anti-stop element of above-mentioned Electron absorption is constituted as, attract the material of emission electrode to be made as accurate two-dimentional material electronics, make from electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted and run through above-mentioned electronics attraction emission electrode and do not attracted emission electrode to absorb by above-mentioned electronics according to the quantum tunneling phenomenon.
Field emission generating set of the present invention in addition is except above-mentioned the 1st feature, and it the 7th is characterised in that, the anti-stop element of Electron absorption is the electron orbit change electrode of the track of the change electronics that attracts emission electrode from the emission of electron transmitting terminal mouth towards electronics.
Field emission generating set of the present invention in addition is except above-mentioned the 1st feature, it the 8th is characterised in that, the anti-stop element of Electron absorption is constituted as, by attracting to dispose electron acceptor before the emission electrode, attract the front of emission electrode to receive the electronics that attracts emission electrode from the emission of electron transmitting terminal mouth towards electronics at electronics at electronics.
Field emission generating set of the present invention in addition is except above-mentioned the 1st feature, and it the 9th is characterised in that, is provided with the accelerating electrode that the electronics towards electron acceptor is quickened.
Field emission generating set of the present invention in addition is except above-mentioned the 1st feature, and it the 10th is characterised in that, be provided with dispersion prevent towards the track of the electronics of electron acceptor in the electron acceptor be subjected to that electronic position concentrates be subjected to the electronic position dispersal unit.
Field emission generating set of the present invention in addition is except above-mentioned the 1st feature, it the 11st is characterised in that, a plurality of electron acceptors are set the mutually insulated state, and are provided with to the electronic distribution unit of above-mentioned a plurality of electron acceptors distribution from electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted.
Field emission generating set of the present invention in addition is except above-mentioned the 1st feature, and it the 12nd is characterised in that, is provided with to be used to prevent to arrive the electronics of electron acceptor by the anti-stop element of the Secondary Emission of Secondary Emission.
Field emission generating set of the present invention in addition is except above-mentioned the 1st feature, and it the 13rd is characterised in that, constitutes to be electrically connected electron acceptor and electronics is supplied with body and disposed electrical load on the way.
Field emission generating set of the present invention in addition is except above-mentioned the 1st feature, and it the 14th is characterised in that, constitutes by attracting emission electrode to apply alternating voltage to electronics, changes the amount from electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted, and carries out alternative electric generation.
Field emission generating set according to the record of the 1st aspect, owing to apply positive voltage and between the electron transmitting terminal mouth of this electronics attraction emission electrode and electronics supply body, produce electric field to electronics attraction emission electrode, the Coulomb force that the free electron that is constrained to the electron transmitting terminal mouth is applied increases, and the electronic motion energy increases.If the energy that has of electron institute surpasses the energy barrier on the surface of electron transmitting terminal mouth thus, then this electronics is launched into the electric insulation field from the electron transmitting terminal mouth.As the condition of this moment, consider that the shape of material or port becomes important with the energy barrier that reduces electron transmitting terminal mouth place as far as possible.In addition in order to increase to the required intensity of electronics emission by the Coulomb force that electronics attracts the electric field of emission electrode to produce, and, attract emission electrode to become important above-mentioned electronics as far as possible near the electron transmitting terminal mouth for the positive voltage that will be added suppresses lowlyer.
Attracting emission electrode to be attracted towards above-mentioned electronics from the electronics of electron transmitting terminal mouth field emission owing to above-mentioned electronics attracts emission electrode to apply positive voltage the electric insulation field circles in the air, but by the anti-stop element of Electron absorption, the phenomenon that arrives electronics attraction emission electrode and absorb is prevented from, and is instead received by electron acceptor.The electronics electrons emitted is collected into electron acceptor thus, and the electron number in the electron acceptor increases.That is, become generating state.
When the state of electron acceptor becomes electric neutrality and even negative state, prevent that electronics from combining with nuclear, and be suitable for generating electricity efficiently.Along with the negative electrical charge increase of electron acceptor, repulsive force increases, and is difficult to accommodate electronics but on the other hand.In order to eliminate this phenomenon, increase the speed of circling in the air of electronics and increase kinergety or the negative electrical charge of electron acceptor moved to other positions from the surface of electron acceptor and the negative electrical charge on surface is held in lessly becomes important.
The positive charge that attracts emission electrode to apply to above-mentioned electronics attracts emission electrode as long as the electronics of field emission does not arrive electronics, then can not be consumed in theory, so can fully suppress the consumption of required energy (auxiliary voltage).
As mentioned above according to the field emission apparatus of the invention of the 1st aspect record, can utilize the field emission phenomenon of electronics, suppress the consumption of energy required in the field emission less, the electron collection of field emission can be arrived electron acceptor simultaneously, and generate electricity efficiently.
In addition according to the field emission generating set of the invention of the 1st aspect record, with additional heat energy by this heat energy heat of emission electronics and supply to generating mode in the past, be about to the generating in the past that heat energy is transformed into the mode of electric energy and compare, can fully generate electricity energy-conservationly.
And, can obtain turning round control easily and can obtain the generating of stable electric power, and be not the unsettled generating when having used natural energies such as solar energy according to the field emission generating set of the invention of the 1st aspect record.
Field emission generating set according to the record of the 2nd aspect, except the action effect of the structure of above-mentioned the 1st aspect record, by the electron transmitting terminal mouth being made as little material and/or the shape of energy barrier, can easily carry out field emission with respect to the electronics emission.
Electronics and the electronics in the atom in the solid are similarly in bond, and electronics can not separate from solid in the normal state.Will be in order to make electronics emission and required minimum energy is called work function E in vacuum from solid by electric field etc. W(work function).This work function E WIt is the energy barrier of launching with respect to the electronics that above-mentioned solid has.
As the little material of energy barrier, be work function E WLittle material for example has caesium (E W=1.81ev), calcium (E W=3.2ev), thorium (E W=3.4ev), molybdenum (E W=4.3ev), tungsten (E W=4.52ev).And then, as work function E WThe example of little compound has barium monoxide (E W=1.6ev), calcium oxide (E W=1.61ev), thorium oxide (E W=1.66ev).
In addition as the little shape of energy barrier, be work function E WLittle shape (comprising crystal structure) for example has carbon nano-tube described later, carbon wall, Carbon Nanohorn, diamond, BN nanotube (whisker).
The superficial layer of the electron transmitting terminal mouth part that becomes the stepped construction that can expect the quantum tunneling phenomenon also is made as and is contained in little material of energy barrier and/or shape in addition.
In addition according to the field emission generating set of the 3rd aspect record, except the action effect of the structure of above-mentioned the 1st aspect record, the electron transmitting terminal mouth constitutes to erect by accurate one dimension material and is provided with so that the length direction of this accurate one dimension material becomes the electronics transmit direction.
As accurate one dimension material, mean about the emission of electronics play with as the material of the same in fact effect of the effect of one dimension material.As this accurate one dimension material, for example can use carbon nano-tube, but also can use by the conductive materials of (nano-scale is to micron grade) microfabrication fully meticulously.
Under the situation of accurate one dimension material, electronics only moves along the one dimension direction, from its front end by field emission.Consistent with the electronics transmit direction by the length direction that makes accurate one dimension material, it is easy that the field emission of electronics becomes.In addition with respect to the energy barrier step-down of the accurate one dimension material of the field emission of electronics.
A plurality of accurate one dimension materials can be erect and be provided with and formation electron transmitting terminal mouth.Be provided with by setting and a plurality ofly constitute, carry out the field emission of electronics respectively, as a whole a plurality of electronics of field emission efficiently.
In addition according to the field emission generating set of the 4th aspect record, except the action effect of the structure of above-mentioned the 3rd aspect record, accurate one dimension material is a carbon nano-tube, so can be so that (freedom) mobility of electronics is fully good.By being erect, carbon nano-tube is arranged to the electron transmitting terminal mouth in addition, efficiently emitting electrons so that its length direction is consistent with the electronics transmit direction.
In addition according to the field emission generating set of the 5th aspect record, except the action effect of the structure of above-mentioned the 1st aspect record, the electric insulation field is made of insulating space or megohmite insulant, so electronics is arrived insulating space by field emission under the situation of insulating space, and circles in the air in insulating space.By this insulating space being made as the vacuum space or, can constituting Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) or electricity generation module that vacuum tube forms as the space of benchmark.
By megohmite insulant being made as the electric insulation field, can easily constitute the electricity generation module of forming by solid substrate in addition.
By gathering a plurality of above-mentioned electricity generation modules, can increase generating output.
In addition according to the field emission generating set of the 6th aspect record, except the action effect of the structure of above-mentioned the 1st aspect record, the anti-stop element of Electron absorption constitutes, attract the material of emission electrode to be made as accurate two-dimentional material electronics, make from electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted and run through above-mentioned electronics attraction emission electrode and do not attracted emission electrode to absorb by above-mentioned electronics according to the quantum tunneling phenomenon, even attract emission electrode so arrive electronics from electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted, can not attract in the emission electrode by constraints such as atomic nucleus (electronics is absorbed) at this electronics yet, and run through to the behind, can be received by electron acceptor.Therefore by attract the behind configuration electron acceptor of emission electrode at electronics, need not to apply in addition the unit that certain special electronics receives, and can by electron acceptor reliably received field cause electrons emitted.Owing to need not to apply positive voltage, can't can improve generating efficiency as the phenomenon of free electron so can suppress received electronics to electron acceptor.
The two-dimentional material of above-mentioned standard mean about play running through of electronics with as the material of the same in fact effect of the effect of two-dimentional material, mean more specifically that thickness is extremely thin and can expect the material of the quantum tunneling phenomenon of electronics.In order to improve the effect of quantum tunneling phenomenon, increase the speed (kinergety) of the electronics that circles in the air and reduce the thickness of accurate two-dimentional material and the probability that reduces about beam electrons becomes important.
In addition according to the field emission generating set of the 7th aspect record, except the action effect of the structure of above-mentioned the 1st aspect record, the anti-stop element of Electron absorption is the electron orbit change electrode that changes the track of the electronics that attracts emission electrode from the emission of electron transmitting terminal mouth towards electronics, do not attract emission electrode so can not arrive electronics from electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted, and on the way its track that circles in the air is changed, and can be received by electron acceptor.Under the situation of this device, need to be provided with in addition electron orbit change electrode, but have need not to use special material, for example accurate two-dimentional material constitutes the advantage that electronics attracts emission electrode.For electron orbit change electrode, can keep positive voltage or negative voltage in addition, then need not to use special material to constitute such advantage as long as have.
In addition according to the field emission generating set of the 8th aspect record, except the action effect of the structure of above-mentioned the 1st aspect record, the anti-stop element of Electron absorption constitutes, by attracting to dispose electron acceptor before the emission electrode at electronics, attract the front of emission electrode to receive the electronics that attracts emission electrode from the emission of electron transmitting terminal mouth towards electronics at electronics, do not attract emission electrode so can not arrive electronics, and can in front of it, be received by electron acceptor from electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted.Though under the situation of this device, need guarantee to dispose the space of electron acceptor, as long as but can guarantee such space, then need not to implement the unit that other certain special electronics receives in addition, and can use the electron acceptor received field to cause electrons emitted reliably.Owing to need not to apply positive voltage to electron acceptor, suppress lessly so can received electronics can't be used as the ratio of free electron by absorption such as atomic nucleus, can improve generating efficiency.
In addition according to the field emission generating set of the 9th aspect record, except the action effect of the structure of above-mentioned the 1st aspect record, be provided with the accelerating electrode that the electronics towards electron acceptor is quickened, so can increase kinergety by the velocity of electrons that increases towards electron acceptor, even under the situation of the charged one-tenth negative voltage of electron acceptor state, electronics also can overcome the repulsive interaction of the Coulomb's law that is taken place by this negative voltage, and improves the probability that electronics arrives electron acceptor.That is, can improve generating efficiency.
In addition according to the field emission generating set of the 10th aspect record, except the action effect of the structure of above-mentioned the 1st aspect record, be provided with dispersion prevent towards the track of the electronics of electron acceptor in the electron acceptor be subjected to that electronic position concentrates be subjected to the electronic position dispersal unit, so be subjected to the electronic position dispersal unit by this, can prevent owing to electronics concentrates collision to cause the improper situation of electron acceptor breakage to the part of electron acceptor, and increase the durability of device.
In addition according to the field emission generating set of the 11st aspect record, except the action effect of the structure of above-mentioned the 1st aspect record, a plurality of electron acceptors are set the mutually insulated state, and be provided with to the electronic distribution unit of above-mentioned a plurality of electron acceptors distribution from electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted, so by this electronic distribution unit, be assigned to a plurality of electron acceptors and be received from electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted, so can reduce by putting aside the circle in the air repulsive interaction of electronics of duplet in the electron acceptor, can be more easily and the electronics that carries out efficiently in each electron acceptor receive.
Only using an electron acceptor to receive under the situation of whole emitting electrons, owing to receive a plurality of electronics sharp, so the savings of the negative electrical charge of electron acceptor is easy to increase sharply, therefore repels sudden electronics etc., and might produce the state of affairs of the acceptance rate deterioration of electronics.On the other hand, under the situation about receiving using a plurality of electron acceptors to distribute electronics, in each electron acceptor, the rapid increase of electronics can not appear, so, can prevent the increase of negative electrical charge rightly by making received electronics to other position transfer or supply to use.Therefore can use electron acceptor to receive sudden continuously electronics efficiently, and can not repelled by negative electrical charge.
In addition according to the field emission generating set of the 12nd aspect record, except the action effect of the structure of above-mentioned the 1st aspect record, be provided with and be used to prevent to arrive the electronics of electron acceptor by the anti-stop element of the Secondary Emission of Secondary Emission, the electronics that flies here to electron acceptor so can retrain and receive field emission reliably.Therefore can improve generating efficiency.
In addition according to the field emission generating set of the 13rd aspect record, except the action effect of the structure of above-mentioned the 1st aspect record, constitute and be electrically connected electron acceptor and electronics and supply with body and dispose electrical load on the way, carry out work so the electronics that receives by electron acceptor can be supplied to electrical load.Electronics via electrical load turns back to electronics supply body.That is, can carry out the circulation of electronics.
In addition according to the field emission generating set of the 14th aspect record, except the action effect of the structure of above-mentioned the 1st aspect record, constitute by attracting emission electrode to apply alternating voltage to electronics, change is from the amount of electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted, and carry out alternative electric generation, so attract the cycle and the amplitude of the alternating voltage that emission electrode applies to adjust by the subtend electronics, can realize the alternative electric generation of expecting.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the summary cross section structure figure that the field emission generating set of the 1st execution mode of the present invention is shown.
Fig. 2 illustrates the summary cross section structure figure that has added the example of accelerating electrode to the structure of the field emission generating set of the 1st execution mode of the present invention.
To be explanation attract electron tunneling electronics under the situation of emission electrode to attract the figure of the state of emission electrode at the electronics that constitutes by carbon nano-tube to Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 illustrates the figure of an example that electron transmitting terminal mouth and electronics attract the concrete structure of emission electrode.
Fig. 5 is that explanation uses the crosslinked phenomenon of carbon nano-tube to constitute the figure of the state in the way that electronics attracts emission electrode.
Fig. 6 is the crosslinked figure that has constituted an object lesson of electronics attraction emission electrode that illustrates by carbon nano-tube.
Fig. 7 is the figure of an example of the concrete structure of explanation electron acceptor.
Fig. 8 is explanation has added figure from the example that is subjected to the electronic position dispersal unit to the structure of the field emission generating set of the 1st execution mode of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is explanation has added figure from the example of electronic distribution unit to the structure of the field emission generating set of the 1st execution mode of the present invention.
Figure 10 electric power that to be explanation constitute accordingly with the situation of having added the electronic distribution unit to the structure of the field emission generating set of the 1st execution mode of the present invention takes out the figure of an example of the concrete structure of circuit.
Figure 11 is explanation has added figure from an example of the anti-stop element of Secondary Emission to the structure of the field emission generating set of the 1st execution mode of the present invention.
Figure 12 is explanation has added figure from another example of the anti-stop element of Secondary Emission to the structure of the field emission generating set of the 1st execution mode of the present invention.
Figure 13 is explanation has added figure from another example of the anti-stop element of Secondary Emission to the structure of the field emission generating set of the 1st execution mode of the present invention.
Figure 14 is the summary cross section structure figure of an example that the field emission generating set of the 2nd execution mode of the present invention of having used the anti-stop element of Secondary Emission shown in Figure 12 is shown.
Figure 15 is the summary cross section structure figure of another example that the field emission generating set of the 2nd execution mode of the present invention of having used the anti-stop element of Secondary Emission shown in Figure 13 is shown.
Figure 16 is the summary cross section structure figure that another example of the field emission generating set that can use AC power the direction of the electronics of field emission alternately to be altered to rightabout the 2nd execution mode of the present invention is shown.
Figure 17 is the figure that moves that explanation AC power in device shown in Figure 16 is in the field emitted electron under the state of positive half period.
Figure 18 is the figure that moves that explanation AC power in device shown in Figure 16 is in the field emitted electron under the state of negative half-cycle.
Figure 19 is the summary construction diagram of the field emission generating set of explanation the 3rd execution mode of the present invention.
Figure 20 is the cross section structure figure of an object lesson of the field emission generating set of explanation the 3rd execution mode of the present invention.
Figure 21 is the part enlarged drawing of Figure 20.
Figure 22 is the summary construction diagram of the field emission generating set of explanation the 4th execution mode of the present invention.
Figure 23 is the figure of threshold value of the voltage of explanation field emitted electron.
Label declaration
10 vacuum tanks
20 electronics are supplied with body
30 electron transmitting terminal mouths
31 accurate one dimension materials
40 electronics attract emission electrode
41 electronics attract emission power
42 accurate one dimension materials
50 electron acceptors
60 electric power take out circuit
61 electrical loads
70 insulation isolated parts
80 accelerating electrodes
90 are subjected to the electronic position dispersal unit
100 electronic distribution unit
110 Secondary Emission are prevented stop element
130 electron collection ports
140 electronic collection electrodes
151,152 the 1st electron orbits change electrode
154,155 the 2nd electron orbits change electrode
157 electron orbits change electrode
160 frameworks
F electric insulation field
The e electronics
The n atomic nucleus
S introduces the space
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, the field emission generating set of the 1st execution mode of the present invention is described.
In the 1st execution mode, attracted emission electrode 40 by the electronics e of field emission because tunnel(l)ing runs through electronics, and arrive electron acceptor 50.
Fig. 1 is the summary cross section structure figure of field emission generating set.
In vacuum tank 10, be provided with electronics and supply with body 20, electron transmitting terminal mouth 30, electronics attraction emission electrode 40, electron acceptor 50.
In addition, being outside equipped with electronics at vacuum tank 10 attracts emission power 41, electric power to take out circuit 60.
Above-mentioned vacuum tank 10 is that its inside becomes vacuum or the container of the state that fully reduced pressure, and the kind of material is not particularly limited.
Above-mentioned electronics is supplied with body 20 and is made of the material that becomes the source of supplying with electronics, is made of metal material, other materials that maintain free electron galore.
Above-mentioned electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 is brought into play the function of field emitted electron from then on, is configured to supply with above-mentioned electronics the state of body 20 electrically conductings.
Electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 preferably is made of the little material of energy barrier to the field emission of electronics.Preferably constitute in addition by the little shape of energy barrier.
It is to be used for above-mentioned electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 is applied electric field that above-mentioned electronics attracts emission electrode 40, and from the electrode of electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 field emitted electron e.This electronics attracts emission electrode 40 by insulation isolated part 70, across electric insulation field F, disposes in opposite directions with electron transmitting terminal mouth 30.
Above-mentioned insulation isolated part 70 can be made of megohmite insulant.
Under the situation of present embodiment, prevent that as being used to being arrived electronics by the electronics e of field emission attracts emission electrode 40 and the anti-stop element of absorbed Electron absorption, constitutes electronics by the two-dimentional material of standard and attracts emission electrode 40.
Above-mentioned electron acceptor 50 is used to receive the electronics by field emission, is configured in the rear that above-mentioned electronics attracts emission electrode 40 across electric insulation field F.This electron acceptor 50 can be made of by big material the hold facility of free electrons such as metal material.
Above-mentioned electronics attracts emission power 41 performances to attract emission electrode 40 to apply the function of positive voltage to above-mentioned electronics, and negative electrode is connected with above-mentioned electronics supply body 20 in the present embodiment, and positive electrode attracts emission electrode 40 to be connected with above-mentioned electronics.
It is the circuit that are used for taking out to the outside electronics e that collects above-mentioned electron acceptor 50 that above-mentioned electric power takes out circuit 60.Constitute to be electrically connected and supply with between the body 20, and in its way, dispose electrical load 61 at above-mentioned electron acceptor 50 and above-mentioned electronics.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned electric insulation field F is made of insulating space, and this insulating space is made of the vacuum or the space of fully being reduced pressure.
In the field emission generating set of above-mentioned the 1st execution mode, by applying the positive voltage that attracts emission electrode 40 based on electronics, supply with the electronics e that exists in the body 20 to the electronics that the F field emission of electric insulation field is disposed vacuum tank 10 from electron transmitting terminal mouth 30.
Run through the electronics that constitutes by the extremely thin accurate two-dimentional material of thickness to the electronics e of electric insulation field F field emission according to the quantum tunneling phenomenon and attract emission electrode 40.That is, prevent to be attracted emission electrode 40 to absorb by electronics by the electronics e of field emission.
Running through electronics attracts the electronics e arrival electron acceptor 50 and the quilt of emission electrode 40 to collide, absorb.
Supply with between the body 20 at electron acceptor 50 that has absorbed electronics e and above-mentioned electronics, be connected with electric power and take out circuit 60, electronics e is fed back to electronics from the electron acceptor 50 that has absorbed electronics e and supplies with body 20.At this moment, electronics e moves in electrical load 61, thereby flows through current i.That is, the electricity that is generated electricity is fed into electrical load 61 as electric energy, utilizes energy and carries out work.
Fig. 2 illustrates the field emission generating set that has added accelerating electrode 80 to structure shown in Figure 1.
Accelerating electrode 80 is the electrodes that are used to make towards the field emitted electron acceleration of electron acceptor 50.Accelerating electrode 80 is arranged on the rear that above-mentioned electronics attracts emission electrode 40 by insulation isolated part 71 across electric insulation field F.
Accelerating electrode 80 is provided with the accelerating power source 81 that applies positive voltage.This accelerating power source 81 attracts emission power 41 series combination with above-mentioned electronics in this example, accelerating electrode 80 is applied than electronics attract the also high positive voltage of emission electrode 40.
Accelerating power source 81 is made of the two-dimentional material of standard.
Other structures of Fig. 2, function and the described structure of Fig. 1, function are identical, thus the additional same numeral of parts, key element to having same structure, function, and omit explanation.
In the device of this 2nd execution mode, the electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 of supplying with body 20 from electronics by field emission and the Coulomb force of running through the electric charge that electronics e that the electronics that is made of the two-dimentional material of standard attracts emission electrode 40 had by the accelerating electrode 80 that has been applied in positive voltage further quickened.Can run through as the electronics of accurate two-dimentional material according to the quantum tunneling phenomenon then and attract emission electrode 40, have higher kinergety and arrive electron acceptor 50.In this case, if the kinergety height that electronics e is had, then can overcome the possibility that arrives electron acceptor 50 according to the repulsive force of coulomb rule that is caused by the negative electrical charge of savings in electron acceptor 50 and uprise, the collection efficiency of the electronics e in the electron acceptor 50 uprises.That is, generating efficiency uprises.
Fig. 3 illustrates when arranging and during the accurate two-dimentional material that constitutes that electronics attracts to use in the emission electrode 40, attracted the situation of emission electrode 40 near electronics by the electronics e of field emission as the carbon nano-tube almost parallel ground of accurate one dimension material.
Carbon nano-tube is that 6 Yuans rings of carbon wait combination and formation.Attract under the situation of emission electrode 40 near the electronics that two-dimentional material constitutes by standard along electron orbit orb at electronics e, electronics e is owing to having kinergety, so penetrate extremely thin material according to tunnel(l)ing.Promptly, even electronics e is near the atomic nucleus n in the accurate two-dimentional material, because the electronics e that circles in the air has speed, so the probability of being caught by atomic nucleus n is low, so the possibility height of most penetration of electrons is the probability height that is continued to circle in the air by the two-dimentional material absorbing of standard hardly according to tunnel(l)ing electronics e.
Fig. 4 is the figure that the configuration example of electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 and electronics attraction emission electrode 40 is shown.
In this example, constitute electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 by accurate one dimension material 31, and erect the Surface Vertical (becoming the electronics transmit direction) that the relative electronics of the length direction of being arranged to accurate one dimension material 31 is supplied with body 20.Accurate one dimension material 31 can erect be provided with a plurality of.A plurality of by being provided with, can promptly launch a plurality of field emitted electron e.
In addition in this example, by across a plurality of accurate one dimension materials 42 of certain intervals almost parallel ground configuration, and the end constituted accurate two-dimentional material by substrate 43 is integrated, be made as electronics and attract emission electrode 40.Between substrate 43 and electronics supply body 20, be connected with electronics and attract emission power 41, attract emission electrode 40 to apply positive voltage to electronics.
Attract emission electrode 40 to circle in the air to the electronics e of electric insulation field F field emission towards electronics from the electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 that constitutes by accurate one dimension material 31, but push through the gap that electronics attracts the accurate one dimension material 42 of emission electrode 40 according to tunnel(l)ing.Can almost completely prevent the phenomenon that field emitted electron e is attracted emission electrode 40 to absorb by electronics thus.
Also can dispose accurate one dimension material in mesh-shape ground in addition, and replace almost parallel ground configuration the above-mentioned the 1st accurate one dimension material 42, thereby constitute accurate two-dimentional material.
As accurate one dimension material 31,42, can use carbon nano-tube.
With reference to Fig. 5, Fig. 6, the crosslinked example that constitutes electronics attraction emission electrode 40 by carbon nano-tube is described.
Attract emission electrode 40 as supplying with body 20 across the electronics of insulation isolated part 70 configurations, with the configuration in opposite directions mutually of its a pair of matrix 44 with electronics.This matrix 44 particularly is made as catalytic species such as iron, cobalt, nickel, by being laminated on insulation isolated part 70 to supplying with body 20 electric nonconducting states with electronics.
By atmosphere being set near 650 ℃, suitably supply with carbon class gases such as methane, acetylene simultaneously as gas, and maintenance condition suitably, thereby on above-mentioned matrix 44 carbon nano-tube or with it similar accurate one dimension material, the crosslinked body 45 of growth between matrix 44,44.Each carbon nano-tube is accurate one dimension material, but constitutes crosslinked body 45 by a plurality of carbon nano-tube between a pair of matrix 44, attracts emission electrode 40 and constitute the electronics of being made up of the two-dimentional material of standard.
Between electronics supply body 20 and above-mentioned matrix 44, be connected with electronics and attract emission power 41, and attract emission power 41 to apply positive voltage, thereby under the effect of Coulomb force, be attracted and by field emission from the interior electronics e of electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 (erect to be provided with constitute a plurality of accurate one dimension materials) by the positive charge in the crosslinked body 45 to matrix 44 by electronics.
The electronics e of field emission attracts emission electrode 40 to circle in the air towards electronics, but pushes through the crosslinked body 45 of accurate two-dimentional material according to tunnel(l)ing, towards electron acceptor 50.
With reference to Fig. 7, an example of the concrete structure of electron acceptor 50 is described.
In this example, electron acceptor 50 is made of positive charge parts 51, insulating element 52, conductive component 53 and electric component 54.
Be laminated with the layer of conductive component 53 in the front of the positive charge parts 51 that are applied in positive charge by not shown power supply across the layer of insulating element 52, on this conductive component 53, be equipped with electric component 54 to arrange a plurality of states.Above-mentioned conductive component 53 can be made as conductive clear film (ITO).
Supply with electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 field emission of body 20 and run through the electronics e of the electronics attraction emission electrode 40 that constitutes by the two-dimentional material of standard by positive charge parts 51 attractions of electron acceptor 50 from electronics according to tunnel(l)ing, and near electric component 54, be absorbed.Unabsorbed electronics e is absorbed by conductive component 53.At this moment, stop electronics between positive charge parts 51 and conductive component 53, to move by insulating element 52.Thus, finally move to electric component 54.Its result, electronics e are put aside electric component 54 as negative electrical charge.Make the electronics e of this savings take out the electrical load 61 of circuit 60 (with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2), and can be used as electric energy by electric power.
With reference to Fig. 8, the structure of the field emission generating set of subtend the 1st execution mode has been added and described by the example of electronic position dispersal unit 90.
Be subjected to electric position dispersal unit 90 by collecting field being caused the electron acceptor 50 of electrons emitted e, disperse track orb, and in electron acceptor 50, prevent the phenomenon that concentrated by electronic position towards the electronics e of electron acceptor 50.
Be subjected to electronic position dispersal unit 90 to be configured in the front of electron acceptor 50, and cycle or change track towards the electronics e of electron acceptor 50 randomly.
In Fig. 8, electron acceptor 50 revolved from state illustrated in figures 1 and 2 turn 90 degrees and illustrate.But this only to rotate in order being easy to its structure is described and to illustrate.
Constituted by 2 deflector 92,92 of horizontal direction, 2 deflector 94,94 of vertical direction, the scanning electron circuit 91 of horizontal direction and the scanning electron circuit 93 of vertical direction by electronic position dispersal unit 90, the scanning electron circuit 91 of 2 deflector 92,92 of horizontal direction by horizontal direction is applied in along the signal of telecommunication of horizontal direction scanning, and the scanning electron circuit 93 of 2 deflector 94,94 of vertical direction by vertical direction is applied in the signal of telecommunication along vertical scan direction.The electric field change of the horizontal direction that takes place according to the sweep signal by horizontal direction, the track orb of electronics e is crooked in the horizontal direction.The electric field change of the vertical direction that takes place according to the sweep signal by vertical direction in addition, the track orb of electronics e is crooked in vertical direction.By the combination of horizontal direction scanning and vertical scan direction, the track orb of electronics e is by cycle or change randomly, its as a result electronics e in the wide region of electron acceptor 50, disperse and quilt is subjected to.Thus, owing to preventing that electronics e from concentrating breakage, the destruction be subjected to the electron acceptor 50 that electricity produces in the close limit of electron acceptor 50, can increase durability.
With reference to Fig. 9, the example that the structure of the field emission generating set of subtend the 1st execution mode has been added electronic distribution unit 100 describes.
The electric charge of investigating the electronics e circle in the air in a vacuum is-q coulomb, its speed are v, the electronics e situations near electron acceptor 50.Be-the Q coulomb then to cause the long-pending proportional coulomb repulsion power of q * Q if put aside the electric charge of electron acceptor 50 with two electric charges.Under the big situation of the speed v of electronics e, electronics e might overcome coulomb repulsion power and collide to electron acceptor 50.But under the little situation of speed v, because the effect of Coulomb force repulsive force, electronics e can't arrive electron acceptor 50.Therefore the amount to the negative electrical charge of electron acceptor 50 savings is defined, because the electronics that coulomb repulsion power is not collided is by the positive pole absorption of the power supply that is applied etc., thereby the luminous efficiency of electric energy reduces.Therefore make electron acceptor 50 absorb all electronics e that circle in the air in a vacuum and become important.
Electronic distribution unit 100 is configured in the front of electron acceptor 50, distributes towards the electronics e of electron acceptor 50 running through electronics to attract emission electrode 40.That is, constitute the electric insulation field F (with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2) between electronics attraction emission electrode 40 and electron acceptor 50, dispose a pair of distribution electrode 101,102 in opposite directions, make electronics e by between this electrode 101,102.Above-mentioned a pair of distribution electrode 101,102 is connected AC power 103, distributing electrode to one, 101 (102) apply under the situation of positive voltage, distribute electrode 102 (101) to apply negative voltage to another.
Under the situation that above-mentioned electronic distribution unit 100 is set,, a plurality of electron acceptors 50 that are used to receive the electronics that is distributed are set as the structure of above-mentioned electron acceptor 50.Promptly in Fig. 9, electron acceptor 50 is set as the state by insulating element 55 mutually insulateds, and disposes the 1st electron acceptor 56 and the 2nd electron acceptor 57.
In above such structure,, then apply positive potential and negative potential to a pair of distribution electrode 101,102 with certain cycle if connect above-mentioned AC power 103.
Current, in the drawings, apply positive potential to the left distribution electrode 101, and distribution electrode 102 to the right apply negative potential during, the track of the electronics e that circles in the air is to direction (left) bending of positive potential, the 1st electron acceptor 56 collisions to the left, absorbs.In addition, apply positive potential to the right distribution electrode 102, and distribution electrode 101 to the left apply negative potential during, the track of the electronics e that circles in the air is crooked to the right, the 2nd electron acceptor 57 collisions to the right, absorbs.Like this, electronics distributes and is collected with the 1st electron acceptor 56 and the 2nd electron acceptor 57 to the left and right of certain cycle.
By alternately collecting electronics e by a pair of electron acceptor 56,57, in the 1st electron acceptor 56 and the 2nd electron acceptor 57, respectively do not accommodate electronics e during, the electronics e that is detained flows out and supply capability to the outside, and reduces the electronics e amount in the electron acceptor 56,57 and the electronics that can prepare in the ensuing cycle receives.
With reference to Figure 10, put aside electronics e to taking out to above-mentioned the 1st electron acceptor 56 and 57 distribution of the 2nd electron acceptor by allocation units 100, thereby taking out a concrete example of circuit 60, the electric power of supply capability describes.
In electric power takes out circuit 60, transformer 62 is set, an end 63a of its winding 63 is connected to the 1st electron acceptor 56, the other end 63b of a winding 63 is connected to the 2nd electron acceptor 57.In addition, the central portion that constitutes at a winding 63 is provided with intermediate terminal 63c, this intermediate terminal 63c is connected to electronics supplies with body 20.Output voltage between two ends 64a, the 64b of the secondary winding 64 of transformer 62.By between these two ends 64a, 64b, connecting electrical load 65, can work thus to the electrical load supply capability.
Apply by above-mentioned electronic distribution unit 100 distribution electrode 101 to the left positive potential during, electronics is accommodated and is put aside by the 1st electron acceptor 56.The electronics e that puts aside the 1st electron acceptor 56 flows to the winding 63 that electric power takes out circuit 60 from one end 63a, supplies with body 20 by intermediate terminal 63c to electronics and moves (circulation).At this moment, in the secondary winding 64 of transformer 62 magnetic flux takes place, and voltage takes place.Usually be connected with electrical load 65 in secondary winding 64 sides, so current direction electrical load 65 and back electromotive force takes place, because this back electromotive force, the amount of supplying with the electronics that body 20 moves by winding 63 to electronics from the 1st electron acceptor 56 is limited.Therefore fully needed the time till the discharge up to the electronics e that puts aside the 1st electron acceptor 56.
On the other hand, if because the voltage of above-mentioned AC power 103 is with the cycle variation of regulation, and the distribution electrode 101 in the left side of above-mentioned electronic distribution unit 100 becomes negative potential, and the distribution electrode 102 on right side becomes positive potential, and the electronics e that then circles in the air is accommodated and put aside by the 2nd electron acceptor 57.The electronics e that puts aside the 2nd electron acceptor 57 flows to the winding 63 that electric power takes out circuit 60 from its other end 63b, supplies with body 20 by intermediate terminal 63c to electronics and moves (circulation).At this moment, the magnetic flux opposite with last time takes place in the secondary winding 64 of transformer 62, and the voltage of positive and negative contrary takes place.That is it is opposite with last time, to flow through the sense of current of electrical load 65.The electrical load 65 of current direction secondary coil 64 and back electromotive force takes place because this back electromotive force, is limited to the amount that electronics is supplied with the electronics that body 20 moves by winding 63 from the 2nd electron acceptor 57.Therefore fully needed the time till the discharge up to the electronics e that puts aside the 2nd electron acceptor 57.
On the other hand, during this period,, feed back to electronics supply body 20 via a winding 63 of transformer 62 so put aside almost whole electronics e of the 1st electron acceptor 56 owing to there is not the electronics e that arrives above-mentioned the 1st electron acceptor 56.That is, almost all discharged at the electronics e that puts aside during this period the 1st electron acceptor 56.The 1st electron acceptor 56 is at the state of accommodating of adjusting during this period the electronics e in the next cycle thus.
Under the situation of the 2nd electron acceptor 57 also via same process, accommodating and discharge and adjust the state of accommodating by electronics.
Take out the secondary winding 64 side generation alternating voltages of circuit 60 in addition at above-mentioned electric power.
As mentioned above, by electronic distribution unit 100, to two electron acceptors, i.e. the 1st electron acceptor 56 and the 2nd electron acceptor 57 alternate allocation and accept field emitted electron e, thereby can prevent that a large amount of electronics e from putting aside electron acceptor, can avoid thus hindering and further accept the so unreasonable situation of electronics e, can be well and accommodate field emitted electron e efficiently, and electronics e is fed back to electronics supply with body 20.
Therefore can prevent to reduce, high efficiency Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) can be provided owing to the electric energy luminous efficiency that the electric charge savings phenomenon as the greatest problem point in the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of the present invention causes.
With reference to Figure 11, the structure of the field emission generating set of subtend the 1st execution mode has been added and has been used to prevent that the electronics that arrives electron acceptor from being described by an example of the anti-stop element 110 of the Secondary Emission of Secondary Emission.
In this example, surround the front 50a of electron acceptor 50, promptly receive the electronics e that circles in the air face 50a around and the insulation perisporium 111 that is made of insulating element is set, at the peristome configuration door part 112 of insulation perisporium 111.Near the central authorities of door part 112, be provided with electronics input port 113.The front 50a of electron acceptor 50 becomes the high and low inclined plane of central portion on every side in addition.
And power supply 114 is set, and apply negative voltage to the above-mentioned door part 112 that is insulated perisporium 111 isolation, apply positive voltage to above-mentioned electron acceptor 50.
The electronics e that has passed through the electronics input port 113 of door part 112 collides to the surperficial 50a of electron acceptor 50.The electronics e that electronics e that is collided or secondary fly out enters crooked electron orbit ord, is finally absorbed by electron acceptor 50.The electric field that takes place between door part 112 and electron acceptor 50 becomes makes the electronics e that circles in the air move to electron acceptor 50 close power, so all electronics e of the electronics input port 113 by door part 112 are absorbed into electron acceptor 50.
The electronics e that is absorbed into electron acceptor 50 takes out circuit 60 via electric power and feeds back to electronics supply body 20, and is utilized by the electrical load in the way 61.
Make positive voltage step-down that above-mentioned electron acceptor 50 is applied or near zero the time, the utilization ratio of collected electronics uprises in addition.
With reference to Figure 12, the structure of the field emission generating set of subtend the 1st execution mode has been added and has been used to prevent that the electronics that arrives electron acceptor 50 from being described by another example of the anti-stop element 110 of the Secondary Emission of Secondary Emission.
In this example, in the front of electron acceptor 50 across the two-dimentional conductive materials 116 of the two-dimentional megohmite insulant 115 stacked standards of standard.And, constitute power supply 117a is set, apply negative voltage to the two-dimentional conductive materials 116 of above-mentioned standard of isolating by the two-dimentional megohmite insulant 115 of standard, apply positive voltage to above-mentioned electron acceptor 50.
If the electronics e that circles in the air towards electron acceptor 50 collides to the two-dimentional conductive materials 116 of standard, then penetrate accurate two-dimentional conductive materials 116, and then also penetrate accurate two-dimentional megohmite insulant 115 according to tunnel(l)ing according to tunnel(l)ing, collide and be absorbed to electron acceptor 50.
Speed to the electronics e of electron acceptor 50 collision reduces, and be subjected to the Coulomb force that causes owing to the negative electrical charge of putting aside in the two-dimentional conductive materials 116 of standard, so can prevent the phenomenon that flies out to the outside by two-dimentional megohmite insulant 115 of standard or accurate two-dimentional conductive materials 116 once more from electron acceptor 50.That is, prevent to arrive the electronics e of electron acceptor 50 by the phenomenon of Secondary Emission.
With reference to Figure 13, the structure of the field emission generating set of subtend the 1st execution mode has been added and has been used to prevent that the electronics that arrives electron acceptor 50 from being described by another example of the anti-stop element 110 of the Secondary Emission of Secondary Emission.
In this example, constitute at the back side of electron acceptor 50 across insulating element 118 configuration conductive materials 119, apply positive voltage to this conductive materials 119 from power supply 117b.
Owing to put aside the positive charge of conductive materials 119, induce negative electrical charge on the surface (back side) of above-mentioned conductive materials 119 sides of electron acceptor 50, induce positive charge in the front of electron acceptor 50 (receiving the face of electronics e).
Because at the positive charge that induces previously of above-mentioned electron acceptor 50, the electronics e that circles in the air is attracted, and arrives the front of electron acceptor 50 reliably.The electronics e that arrives electron acceptor 50 and be collected takes out circuit 60 via electric power, and can be used as electric energy.
With reference to Figure 14, prevent that to having used Secondary Emission shown in Figure 12 the field emission generating set of the 2nd execution mode of the present invention of stop element describes.
In the field emission generating set of this 2nd execution mode, the electronics e of field emission is absorbed into the anti-stop element of Electron absorption that electronics attracts emission electrode 40 as preventing, attract emission electrode 40 to be made as accurate two-dimentional material electronics, attract by electronics on the point of emission electrode 40 according to tunnel(l)ing at electronics thus, identical with above-mentioned the 1st execution mode.
On the other hand, in the 1st execution mode, the electric insulation field F that electronics is supplied with between body 20 and the electronics attraction emission electrode 40 is made as insulating space, with respect to this, in this 2nd execution mode, constitute electronics at layer and supply with on the point of the electric insulation field F between body 20 and the electronics attraction emission electrode 40 different by megohmite insulant.In fact constitute electric insulation field F by the two-dimentional insulant layer of standard, the electronics e that supplies with body 20 field emission from electronics runs through the electric insulation field F that is made of accurate two-dimentional megohmite insulant according to tunnel(l)ing.
By constituting electric insulation field F by megohmite insulant rather than space, can easily constitute Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) or its module of forming by solid substrate.By gathering a plurality of electricity generation modules, can increase generating output.
Supply with body 20 at electronics with the opposed surface of above-mentioned electric insulation field F on, though not shown, constitute the electron transmitting terminal mouth of forming by accurate one dimension material 30, electronics e is easy to by field emission.In this case, can constitute middle section on electronics is supplied with body 20 by material resources on or chemical method erect and accurate one dimension material is set constitutes electron transmitting terminal mouth 30, the peripheral electric insulation field F on electronics is supplied with body 20 is layered in directly that electronics is supplied with on the body 20 and by integrated.
Attract emission electrode 40 and electronics to supply with the additional voltage that attracts emission power 41 to cause by electronics between the body 20 to above-mentioned electronics.
Attract the behind of emission electrode 40 at electronics, constitute electric insulation field F with as vacuum space (pressure reduction space) by insulation such as silicon dioxide isolated part 72 stacked, across this electric insulation field F and insulation isolated part 72, be provided with the anti-stop element 110 of Secondary Emission (115,116,117a), and then dispose electron acceptor 50 behind at it.
The anti-stop element 110 of above-mentioned two dimension emission is as constituting illustrated in fig. 12, and accurate two-dimentional megohmite insulant 115 is layered on the electron acceptor 50, and then the two-dimentional conductive materials 116 of stacked thereon standard.And by power supply 117a, accurate two-dimentional conductive materials 116 becomes negative voltage, and electron acceptor 50 becomes positive voltage.
Attract the electric insulation field F of the vacuum that emission electrode 40 and accurate two-dimentional conductive materials 116 surround to become the space that isolates fully from the outside by above-mentioned insulation isolated part 72, electronics.Promptly this device shown in Figure 14 can constitute and need not to surround solid unit on every side by vacuum tank 10.
By the electric field that attracts emission electrode 41 to form by electronics, electronics e from electronics supply body 20 via electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 by field emission.By the electronics e of field emission according to tunnel(l)ing and electric insulation field F by constituting by the two-dimentional material of standard, also attract emission electrode 40 according to tunnel(l)ing, enter into the electric insulation field F of the vacuum that surrounds by insulation isolated part 72 by the electronics that constitutes by the two-dimentional material of standard.And then in the F of electric insulation field, circle in the air and arrive accurate two-dimentional conductive materials 116, but because the thickness of accurate two-dimentional conductive materials 116 is extremely thin, so pass through the two-dimentional conductive materials of this standard according to tunnel(l)ing.And then according to tunnel(l)ing also by accurate two-dimentional megohmite insulant 115, arrive electron acceptor 50 and be absorbed.The interim electronics e that arrives electron acceptor 50 passes through the negative potential of accurate two-dimentional conductive materials 116, prevents once more the phenomenon of Secondary Emission.
In being absorbed into the electronics e of electron acceptor 50, still there is electric charge,, is used as electric energy via electrical load 61 so can take out circuit 60 to outside taking-up electronics e by electrification.
With reference to Figure 15, another example of the field emission generating set of the 2nd execution mode of the present invention of having used the anti-stop element of two dimension shown in Figure 13 emission is described.
This device shown in Figure 15 is to replace two-dimentional transmitter unit 110 shown in Figure 14 (115,116,117a) and the device that obtains with appropriate section shown in Figure 13.
In this device, with the situation of device shown in Figure 14 similarly, constitute electronics by the layer of megohmite insulant and supply with electric insulation field F between body 20 and the electronics attraction emission electrode 40.The structure that electronics supply body 20, electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 (not shown), layer electric insulation field F that constitutes by the two-dimentional megohmite insulant of standard, electronics attraction emission electrode 40, electronics attraction emission power 41 promptly are set is identical with structure shown in Figure 14.
In the behind of electronics attraction emission electrode 40, constitute electric insulation field F with as vacuum space (pressure reduction space) by the stacked of insulation isolated parts 73 such as silicon dioxide, be provided with electron acceptor 50 across this electric insulation field F and insulation isolated part 73.And then be provided with the anti-stop element 110 of Secondary Emission (118,119,117b) in the behind of electron acceptor 50.
The anti-stop element 110 of above-mentioned two dimension emission is as constituting illustrated in fig. 13, the electric insulation field F of the vacuum that surrounds across megohmite insulant 118 and by this megohmite insulant 118 at the back side of electron acceptor 50 disposes conductive materials 119, and applies the positive voltage that is caused by power supply 117b to this conductive materials 119.The negative electrode of power supply 117b attracts the positive electrode of emission power 41 to be connected with electronics, attracts emission electrode 40 to be connected in the centre position with electronics.
By the positive charge of savings in conductive materials 119, induce negative electrical charge on the surface (back side) of above-mentioned conductive materials 119 sides of electron acceptor 50, induce positive charge in the front of electron acceptor 50 (receiving the face of electronics e).Because at the positive charge that induces previously of this electron acceptor 50, the electronics e that circles in the air at electric insulation field F is attracted, and arrives the front of electron acceptor 50 reliably.The electronics e that arrives electron acceptor 50 and be collected takes out circuit 60 via electric power, and can be used as electric energy.
By above-mentioned insulation isolated part 73, electronics attract the electric insulation field F of the vacuum that emission electrode 40 and electron acceptor 50 surround, the electric insulation field F of the vacuum that surrounded by above-mentioned megohmite insulant 118, electron acceptor 50, conductive materials 119 becomes the space that isolates fully from the outside.Promptly under the situation of this device shown in Figure 15, also with above-mentioned device shown in Figure 14 similarly, can constitute the solid units around need not to surround by vacuum tank 10.
With reference to Figure 16, another example that the direction of the electronics e of field emission alternately is altered to the field emission generating set of opposite reverse the 2nd execution mode of the present invention is described using AC power.
Possess the electric attraction emission electrode 40 that electronics is supplied with body 20 and is made of the two-dimentional material of standard, supply with between body 20 and the electric attraction emission electrode 40 at this electronics and be laminated with the electric insulation field F that constitutes by the two-dimentional megohmite insulant of standard.Supply with body 20 at above-mentioned electronics with the opposed surface of above-mentioned electric insulation field F on, though not shown, constitute a plurality of accurate one dimension materials are erect along the electronics transmit direction electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 that forms be set, make electronics e be easy to field emission.The structure that electronics is supplied with body 20, electron transmitting terminal mouth 30, electric attraction emission electrode 40 and Figure 14, device shown in Figure 15 are identical.
Front at electron acceptor 50 is laminated with the electronic collection electrode 140 that is made of the two-dimentional material of standard across the electric insulation field F that is made of the two-dimentional megohmite insulant of standard.Above-mentioned electron acceptor 50 with the opposed surface of above-mentioned electric insulation field F on, though not shown, constitute the electron collection port one of forming by accurate one dimension material 30, make electronics e be easy to reception.
Can make the generation or the structure of this electron collection port one 30 identical with the generation or the structure of the electron transmitting terminal mouth of having narrated 30.
Above-mentioned electronics attracts emission electrode 40 and electronic collection electrode 140 to mutually combine across insulation isolated part 74, the electric insulation field F that exists the vacuum that surrounded by insulation isolated part 74 or pressure reduction space to constitute between it.
Supply with body 20 at above-mentioned electronics and attract to be connected with between the emission electrode 40 with electronics and be used for the AC power 121 that electronics attracts emission and electron collection, between above-mentioned electron acceptor 50 and electronic collection electrode 140, also be connected with and be used for that electronics attracts to launch and the AC power 122 of collection.
AC power 121 and AC power 122 constitute cycle synchronisation, during electronics attracts emission electrode 40 positive potentials, electronic collection electrode 140 becomes negative potential, and during electronics attracted emission electrode 40 negative potentials, electronic collection electrode 140 became positive potential.
In the device of above structure, electric insulation field F between electronics supply body 20 and the electronics attraction emission electrode 40 and the electric insulation field F between electron acceptor 50 and the electronic collection electrode 140 are made of megohmite insulant, and the electric insulation field F that is made of the insulation vacuum that surrounded of isolated part 74 or pressure reduction space also can constitute in solid, its result, need not to be provided with vacuum tank 10 casings such as grade, and can constitute Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), the electricity generation module of solid, the generating element of solid.
Below, describe with reference to Figure 17, Figure 18 situation when alternately having applied generating positive and negative voltage with pulse type waveform as AC power 121,122.
At first in AC power 121,122 in the positive semiduation, attract emission electrode 40 and electron acceptor 50 to apply positive voltage and supply with body 20 and electronic collection electrode 140 applies under the situation of negative voltage to electronics to electronics, become state shown in Figure 17.
In this case promptly because electronics attracts the positive charge of emission electrode 40, electronics e from electronics supply with body 20 via electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 to electric insulation field F by field emission.Electric insulation field F is made of the two-dimentional material of standard, so electronics e passes through electric insulation field F according to tunnel(l)ing.And then also attract emission electrode 40 by the electronics that constitutes by the two-dimentional material of standard according to tunnel(l)ing, enter into the electric insulation field F that vacuum that the insulation isolated part 74 that is made of silicon dioxide surrounded or pressure reduction space constitute.At this moment, apply positive potential, apply negative potential to electronic collection electrode 140 to electron acceptor 50.The electronics e that enters into above-mentioned electric insulation field F and circle in the air arrives electronic collection electrode 140, but owing to electronic collection electrode 140 is made of the two-dimentional material of standard, so pass through according to tunnel(l)ing.And then, arrive electron acceptor 50 via electron collection port one 30 also according to the electric insulation field F of tunnel(l)ing by constituting by the two-dimentional material of standard.The electronic collection electrode of wanting to be in negative potential from the electronics e of electron acceptor 50 Secondary Emission 140 suppresses.
The electronics e that is collected into electron acceptor 150 moves by taking out circuit 60 to electric power, is used as electric energy by electrical load 61.
Next in AC power 121,122 in the negative semiduation, supply with body 20 to electronic collection electrode 140 and electronics and apply positive voltage and attract emission electrode 40 to apply under the situation of negative voltage to electron acceptor 50 and electronics, become state shown in Figure 180.
Promptly in this semiduation, above-mentioned electron acceptor 50 becomes electronics and supplies with body, and above-mentioned electronic collection electrode 140 becomes electronics and attracts emission electrode.The electron collection port one 30 that constitutes on the surface of above-mentioned electron acceptor 50 becomes the electron transmitting terminal mouth in addition.And above-mentioned electronics supplies with body 20 and becomes electron acceptor, and above-mentioned electronics attracts emission electrode 40 to become electronic collection electrode.The electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 that constitutes on the surface of above-mentioned electronics supply body 20 becomes the electron collection port in addition.
By the positive voltage that electronic collection electrode 140 is applied, electronics e from electron acceptor 50 via electron collection port one 30 to electric insulation field F by field emission.Electric insulation field F is made of the two-dimentional material of standard, so electronics e passes through electric insulation field F according to tunnel(l)ing.And then, enter into the electric insulation field F that vacuum that the insulation isolated part 74 that is made of silicon dioxide surrounded or pressure reduction space constitute also according to tunnel(l)ing and electronic collection electrode 140 by constituting by the two-dimentional material of standard.At this moment, supply with body 20 to electronics and apply positive potential, attract emission electrode 40 to apply negative potential to electronics.The electronics e that enters into above-mentioned electric insulation field F and circle in the air arrives electronics and attracts emission electrode 40, but because electronics attracts emission electrode 40 to be made of the two-dimentional material of standard, so pass through according to tunnel(l)ing.And then, arrive electronics via electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 and supply with body 20 also according to the electric insulation field F of tunnel(l)ing by constituting by the two-dimentional material of standard.The electronics of wanting to be in negative potential from the electronics e of electronics supply body 20 Secondary Emission attracts emission electrode 40 to suppress.
The electronics e that is collected into electronics supply body 20 moves by taking out circuit 60 to electric power, and is used as electric energy by electrical load 61.
As mentioned above, in the positive half period of AC power 121,122, electronics is supplied with electronics e in the body 20 by field emission, and arrives electron acceptor 50, takes out in the circuit 60 current i at electric power and (supplies with body 20 side direction electron acceptors 50 sides from electronics) from bottom to top and flow through.In addition in the negative half period of AC power 121,122, electronics e in the electron acceptor 50 is by field emission, supply with body 20 and arrive electronics, take out in the circuit 60 current i at electric power and (supply with body 20 sides) from the top down and flow through from electron acceptor 50 side direction electronics.That is, alternating current i flows into the electrical load 61 that electric power takes out circuit 60.
Use transformer etc. as above-mentioned electrical load 61, adjust voltage and current, and can be used as domestic power supply or workshop power supply.
In above-mentioned the present invention, different with the situation of utilizing solar energy etc., even utilize no matter when can generate electricity at rainy day, night.In addition owing to also need not thermal source etc., so also can be owing to thermal cycle causes deterioration.Certainly, be stationary apparatus.Therefore device of the present invention also has the good one side that Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) does not in the past have on durability, practicality, convenience.
Use Figure 19, the field emission generating set of the 3rd execution mode of the present invention is described.
This 3rd execution mode is characterised in that, as preventing that the electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 of supplying with body 20 from electronics from attracting emission electrode 40 to be absorbed into the anti-stop element of Electron absorption that electronics attracts emission electrode 40 by the electronics e of field emission by electronics, it is characterized in that, change attracts the track of the electronics e that emission electrode 40 circles in the air towards electronics electron orbit change electrode is set.
Promptly, in the 1st, the 2nd above-mentioned execution mode, attract emission electrode 40 for the electronics e that prevents field emission is absorbed into electronics, constitute electronics by the two-dimentional material of standard and attract emission electrode 40, make electronics e attract emission electrode 40 by electronics thus according to tunnel(l)ing.But in these 3 execution modes, use electron orbit change electrode as the anti-stop element of Electron absorption.
In this 3rd execution mode, owing to need not to make the electronics e that circles in the air to run through, so need not to attract emission electrode 40 to be made as accurate two-dimentional material electronics.
In the electric insulation field F that constitutes by vacuum or the space that is depressurized, dispose electronics and supply with body 20.This electronics is supplied with body 20 and is disposed electronics attraction emission electrode 40 in opposite directions relatively.Electronics attracts emission power 41 to apply voltage to electronics extraction electrode 40 and electronics supply body 20, makes electronics attract emission electrode 40 to become positive voltage, and electronics is supplied with body 20 becomes negative voltage.
The rectangular lateral location in gap at above-mentioned relatively electronics supply body 20 and electronics attraction emission electrode 40 disposes the 1st electron orbit change electrode 151,152 with power supply 153.Dispose the 2nd electron orbit change electrode 154,155 with power supply 156 in addition, make to guide the electronics e that circles in the air to electron acceptor 50.
Field emitted electron e arrives electron acceptor 50 via illustrated electron orbit orb.
As illustrating in the execution mode of having narrated, above-mentioned electronics is supplied with body 20 and is made of metal material or other materials that maintains free electron galore.
Supply with body 20 at above-mentioned electronics with 40 opposed of electric attraction emission electrodes on, though not shown in Figure 19, be provided with electron transmitting terminal mouth 30.Electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 performance is configured to supply with above-mentioned electronics the state of body 20 electrically conductings with the electronics function of field emission from here in addition.Electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 preferably is made of the little material of energy barrier at the field emission of electronics.Preferably constitute in addition by the little shape of energy barrier.Can erect accurate one dimension materials such as a plurality of carbon nano-tube are set and constitute electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 on the surface that electronics is supplied with body 20.
It is to be used for above-mentioned electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 is applied electric field that above-mentioned electronics attracts emission electrode 40, and from the electrode of electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 field emitted electron e.
Under the situation of present embodiment, need not to constitute electronics and attract emission electrode 40 by the two-dimentional material of standard.Therefore can easily provide electronics to attract the equipment of emission electrode 40.
Above-mentioned electron acceptor 50 is used for received field and causes electrons emitted, can be made of by big material the hold facility of free electrons such as metal material.As the structure of electron acceptor 50, can be made as the structure that constitutes by at above-mentioned label 51～54 illustrated in fig. 7.In addition in electron acceptor 50, also can set up illustrated in fig. 8ly be subjected to electronic position dispersal unit 90, in electronic distribution illustrated in fig. 9 unit 100, at the anti-stop element 110 of Figure 11～Secondary Emission illustrated in fig. 13.
By attracting emission electrode 40 to apply positive voltage, supply with body 20 via electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 field emitted electron e from electronics, and attract emission electrode 40 towards electronics to electronics.At this moment, when electronics e circles in the air in the gap of electronics supply body 20 and electronics attraction emission electrode 40, be subjected to the Coulomb force from the 1st electron orbit change electrode 151,152, the track of electronics e is towards the 1st electron orbit change electrode 151 changes that applied positive voltage.Prevent that thus field emitted electron e is absorbed into the phenomenon that electronics attracts emission electrode 40.
Dispose the 2nd electron orbit change electrode 154,155 in the both sides of changing the track of electrode 151 towards above-mentioned the 1st electron orbit that has applied positive voltage.By the 2nd electron orbit change electrode 154,155, the track of the electronics e that circles in the air is further changed, be absorbed to electron acceptor 50 collisions, and not to 151 collisions of electron orbit change electrode.
For above-mentioned the 1st electron orbit change electrode 151,152 and the 2nd electron orbit change electrode 154,155, not necessarily be provided with two pairs in addition.As required, as attracting the track of the electronics e of emission electrode 40 to attract emission electrode 40 to be altered to the unit of electron acceptor 50, extremely a plurality of electron orbits change electrodes are set get final product towards electronics from electronics.
Because it is electronegative to collect the electron acceptor 50 of electronics e, takes out to the outside so take out circuit 60, and can be used as electric energy by electric power.
With reference to this Figure 20, Figure 21, the concrete example of the field emission generating set of the 3rd execution mode is described.
In vacuum tank 10, dispose the framework 160 that constitutes by the electric insulation material, electronics is installed on this framework 160 supplies with body 20.Supply with body 20 with this electronics in addition electronics attraction emission electrode 40 is installed on framework 160 opposed to each other.Attract 41 pairs of electronics of emission power to attract emission electrode 40 to apply positive voltage by electronics, electronics is supplied with body 20 apply negative voltage.Though not shown, on above-mentioned electronics supply body 20, constitute the electron transmitting terminal mouth of forming by accurate one dimension material 30.
Attract emission electrode 40 by electronics, supply with body 20 via electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 field emitted electron e from electronics.
Supplying with body 20 with above-mentioned electronics attracts the side in the gap of emission electrode 40 that electron orbit change electrode 157 is installed on framework 160 opposed to each other with electronics.Supply with body 20 by 158 pairs of electron orbit change electrodes 157 of power supply and electronics and apply voltage,, electronics is supplied with body 20 apply negative voltage so that electron orbit change electrode 157 is applied positive voltage.
Supply with body 20 causes track from electrons emitted e to the vacuum midfield by electron orbit change electrode 157 and changed from electronics, the direction flight along arrow enters into the introducing space S from the opening 173 that is made of a pair of door part 171,172.Inside introducing space S is equipped with electron acceptor 50 on framework 160.
Above-mentioned door part 171,172 is installed on the framework 160, and applies negative voltage by power supply 174,175.Apply positive voltage by power supply 174,175 to above-mentioned electron acceptor 50 in addition.
The electronics e that enters into above-mentioned introducing space S is attracted and arrives the electron acceptor 50 with positive charge, on the other hand by door part 171,172 repulsions, and can't go out from opening 173.
The electronics e that collects in the electron acceptor 50 is taken out circuit 60 (with reference to the 1st, the 2nd execution mode) taking-up by electric power, and flows through electrical load 61, thereby is used as electric energy.
With reference to Figure 22, Figure 23, the field emission generating set of the 4th execution mode of the present invention is described.
This 4th execution mode is characterised in that, as preventing that the electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 of supplying with body 20 from electronics from attracting the electronics e of emission electrode 40 field emission to be prevented stop element by the Electron absorption that electronics attracts emission electrode 40 to absorb by electronics, attract the front configuration electron acceptor 50 of emission electrode 40 at electronics, thereby attract the front of emission electrode 40 to receive the electronics e that attracts emission electrode 40 to circle in the air towards electronics at electronics.
That is, in the 1st, the 2nd above-mentioned execution mode,, constitute electronics by the two-dimentional material of standard and attract emission electrode 40, and in the 3rd execution mode, used electron orbit change electrode for the electronics e that prevents field emission is attracted emission electrode 40 to absorb by electronics.But in this 4th execution mode, as the anti-stop element of Electron absorption configuration electron acceptor 50 before electronics attracts emission electrode 40.
In this 4th execution mode,, attract emission electrode 40 so need not to constitute electronics by the two-dimentional material of standard owing to need not to make the electronics e that circles in the air to run through.
In Figure 22, electronics disposes electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 with supplying with body 20 electrically conducting states relatively.Electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 disposes electron acceptor 50 in opposite directions relatively, and disposes electronics attraction emission electrode 40 in the behind of this electron acceptor 50.Above-mentioned electronics is supplied with body 20, electron transmitting terminal mouth 30, electronics and is attracted emission electrode 40 and electron acceptor 50 to be set in the not shown vacuum tank (with reference to the vacuum tank 10 of Fig. 1), and atmosphere becomes the electric insulation field F that the space by vacuum or decompression state constitutes.
Attract emission electrode 40 and electronics to supply with between the body 20 at above-mentioned electronics, attract emission power 41, attract emission electrode 40 to apply positive voltage electronics by electronics.Between above-mentioned electron acceptor 50 and electronics supply body 20, be equipped with electric power in addition and take out circuit 60, and be provided with electrical load 61 on the way.
Described in the explanation of device shown in Figure 1, above-mentioned electronics is supplied with body 20 and is made of the material that becomes the source of supplying with electronics, is made of metal material or other materials that maintains free electron galore as.In addition, 30 performances of above-mentioned electron transmitting terminal mouth are configured to supply with above-mentioned electronics the state of body 20 electrically conductings with the electronics function of field emission from here.Electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 preferably is made of the little material of energy barrier at the field emission of electronics.Preferably constitute in addition by the little shape of energy barrier.Accurate one dimension materials such as superficial growth carbon nano-tube by supplying with body 20 at electronics etc. are provided with a plurality of accurate one dimension materials and erect on the surface that electronics is supplied with body 20, thereby constitute this electron transmitting terminal mouth 30.
It is to be used for above-mentioned electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 is applied electric field that above-mentioned electronics attracts emission electrode 40, and from the electrode of electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 field emitted electron e.
Above-mentioned electron acceptor 50 is made as cone shape, and the front of this cone shape is configured in electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 sides, the back side of the rear end side of cone shape is configured in above-mentioned electronics attracts emission electrode 40 sides.This electron acceptor 50 can be made of by big material the hold facility of free electrons such as metal material.
Attract emission electrode 40 by the electronics that is applied in positive voltage, supply with body 20 via electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 from electronics, field emitted electron e.This field emitted electron e is absorbed to electron acceptor 50 collisions.Electronics e is put aside as negative electrical charge in the electron acceptor 50 that absorbs electronics e.The electronics e that is put aside takes out circuit 60, electrical load 61 via electric power and feeds back to electronics and supply with body 20, thereby can be used as electric energy.
Electronics shown in Figure 23 during by field emission voltage and the relation of electric current.Record 2 kinds of field emission characteristicses in the figure.The voltage that electronics is begun radiation (field emission) is called threshold voltage.When being applied in the voltage that is higher than threshold voltage Va, begin to flow through under the situation based on the electric current I of field emission, be referred to as low threshold voltage Va.When being applied in the voltage that is higher than threshold voltage Vb, begin to flow through under the situation based on the electric current I of field emission, be referred to as high threshold voltage Vb.In Figure 22, the electron acceptor 50 of cone shape attracts between emission electrode 40 and the electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 at electronics.Because being applied to electronics, electric field attract emission electrode 40 and electronics to supply with body 20, so attract to have electric field between emission electrode 40 and the electron acceptor 50 at electronics.And then also be present between electron acceptor 50 and the electron transmitting terminal mouth 30.
Under the situation of present embodiment, it almost is the plane that electronics attracts emission electrode 40 and electron acceptor 50 mutual opposed faces, thus the concentration phenomenon of electric field can not take place, so be difficult for causing the field emission of electronics e.That is, the field emission characteristics of the electronics in this zone becomes high threshold voltage Vb in Figure 23, and electronics e can attract emission electrode 40 to move to electronics from electron acceptor 50 hardly.But electron acceptor 50 is opposed in the mode of more carefully giving prominence to mutually with electron transmitting terminal mouth 30.Because both distances are also shorter, thus the concentration phenomenon of electric field takes place, in this case by low threshold voltage Va, from electron transmitting terminal mouth 30 field emitted electron e.Therefore, field emitted electron e is put aside electron acceptor 50.
Utilizability on the industry
Utilized the device of the present invention of the field emission of electronics can replace firepower in the past to send out Electricity, water generating, nuclear electric power generation, used the generating of the natural energies such as solar energy, perhaps As the generator unit that should newly add, can provide at low cost and drop into little energy, cleaning, steady Fixed electric energy, the utilizability on the industry is very big.

Claims (14)

1. field emission generating set is characterized in that possessing:
Supply with body by the electronics that the material that maintains free electron constitutes;
This electronics is supplied with the electron transmitting terminal mouth that body is configured to the electrically conducting state relatively;
Dispose in opposite directions across the electric insulation field with this electron transmitting terminal mouth, and be used to apply electric field and attract the electronics of emitting electrons to attract emission electrode;
Be used to receive the electron acceptor of the electronics that is launched owing to this electronics attraction emission electrode; And
Be used to prevent to be absorbed into the anti-stop element of Electron absorption that above-mentioned electronics attracts emission electrode from above-mentioned electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted,
By attracting emission electrode to apply positive voltage to above-mentioned electronics from above-mentioned electron transmitting terminal mouth field emitted electron, do not make the electronics of this field emission be absorbed into above-mentioned electronics attraction emission electrode, and the above-mentioned electron acceptor that use is disposed in addition receive the electronics of this field emission and collect.
2. field emission generating set according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the electron transmitting terminal mouth is made of little material and/or the shape of energy barrier with respect to the electronics emission.
3. field emission generating set according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the surface setting that the electron transmitting terminal mouth is constituted as at electronics supply body is provided with accurate one dimension material so that its length direction becomes the electronics transmit direction.
4. field emission generating set according to claim 3 is characterized in that, accurate one dimension material is a carbon nano-tube.
5. field emission generating set according to claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned electric insulation field is made of insulating space or megohmite insulant.
6. field emission generating set according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the anti-stop element of Electron absorption is constituted as, attract the material of emission electrode to be made as accurate two-dimentional material electronics, make from electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted and run through above-mentioned electronics attraction emission electrode and do not attracted emission electrode to absorb by above-mentioned electronics according to the quantum tunneling phenomenon.
7. field emission generating set according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the anti-stop element of Electron absorption is the electron orbit change electrode that changes the track of the electronics that attracts emission electrode from the emission of electron transmitting terminal mouth towards electronics.
8. field emission generating set according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the anti-stop element of Electron absorption is constituted as, by attracting to dispose electron acceptor before the emission electrode, attract the front of emission electrode to receive the electronics that attracts emission electrode from the emission of electron transmitting terminal mouth towards electronics at electronics at electronics.
9. field emission generating set according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with the accelerating electrode that the electronics towards electron acceptor is quickened.
10. field emission generating set according to claim 1 is characterized in that, be provided with dispersion prevent towards the track of the electronics of electron acceptor in the electron acceptor be subjected to that electronic position concentrates be subjected to the electronic position dispersal unit.
11. field emission generating set according to claim 1 is characterized in that, a plurality of electron acceptors is set the mutually insulated state, and is provided with to the electronic distribution unit of above-mentioned a plurality of electron acceptors distribution from electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted.
12. field emission generating set according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with to be used to prevent to arrive the electronics of electron acceptor by the anti-stop element of the Secondary Emission of Secondary Emission.
13. field emission generating set according to claim 1 is characterized in that, constitutes to be electrically connected electron acceptor and electronics supply body and to dispose electrical load on the way.
14. field emission generating set according to claim 1 is characterized in that, constitutes by attracting emission electrode to apply alternating voltage to electronics, changes the amount from electron transmitting terminal mouth electrons emitted, and carries out alternative electric generation.
CNA2006800541966A 2006-04-11 2006-04-11 Field emission generating set Pending CN101416378A (en)

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