CN101396728B - Manufacture method of steel ingot for million multikilowatt nuclear electricity pile core component - Google Patents
Manufacture method of steel ingot for million multikilowatt nuclear electricity pile core component Download PDFInfo
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- CN101396728B CN101396728B CN2007100941113A CN200710094111A CN101396728B CN 101396728 B CN101396728 B CN 101396728B CN 2007100941113 A CN2007100941113 A CN 2007100941113A CN 200710094111 A CN200710094111 A CN 200710094111A CN 101396728 B CN101396728 B CN 101396728B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a steel ingot used for million-kilowatt nuclear power reactor core structural component, austenitic stainless steel ingot that weighs over 25 tons is manufactured by electroslag remelting process: firstly, preparation: a single-phase bipolar series connected or triphase bipolar series connected electroslag remelting furnace is adopted; a copper wall water-cooling crystallizer and a water-cooled base plate are adopted; a consumable electrode is assembled; slag charge is matched; SiGa and Al powder are adopted for deoxidation; secondly, refinement and fusion casting: a graphite electrode is picked up and replaced by the consumable electrode to remelt the fully melted slag charge after slagging and slugging. When the actual weight of the steel ingot is 2 tons less than the preset weight, the electric power is reduced and feeding operation in telophase is carried out; thirdly, the steel ingot is stripped. The steel ingot manufactured by the invention has extremely high purity, extremely fine uniformity, excellent high temperature resistance and tarnish resistance, as well as strong anti neutron radiation embrittlement sensibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacture method of steel ingot, be specifically related to a kind of manufacture method of steel ingot for million multikilowatt nuclear electricity pile core component.
Background technology
The million kilowatt nuclear power core internals is large-scale austenite stainless steel forgings, is the heart component that influences the nuclear reactor life-span.Every cover million kilowatt nuclear power reactor core comprises five members, is respectively upper support flange, upper bearing plate, hanging basket flange, core support plate and outlet ozzle, altogether over one hundred ton of delivery weight.Because of its continuous operation many decades is not replaced, thus must meet the standard of zero tolerance, identical service life under equal conditions to guarantee each forging, guarantee that the overall stack core component used 70 years.And in the nuclear power station running, the reactor core stainless steel forgings not only need be worked under high temperature, low pressure and corrosive medium condition, also will bear strong neutron irradiation, and this will cause the change of stainless steel forgings steel construction, produces neutron irradiation embrittlement phenomenon.This just requires the material of the employed steel ingot of forging must have high uniformity and degree of purity, good resistance to elevated temperatures and corrosion resisting property and strong anti-neutron irradiation embrittlement sensitiveness etc.
The capability and performance of steel ingot depends on its metallurgical quality and manufacturing technology.And the steel ingot that adopts general manufacture method to produce, its physicochemical property can't satisfy the requirement of nuclear power, thereby can't be as the large-scale austenite stainless steel forgings of million kilowatt nuclear power core internals.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of manufacture method of steel ingot for million multikilowatt nuclear electricity pile core component, the steel ingot that uses this method to manufacture can satisfy the requirement of nuclear power to the material physicochemical property, can be used as the large-scale austenite stainless steel forgings of million kilowatt nuclear power core internals and uses.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution of the manufacture method of steel ingot for million multikilowatt nuclear electricity pile core component of the present invention is:
Adopting following steps to make weight with electroslag remelting process is austenite stainless steel ingot more than 25 tons:
The first step, prepare:
A, employing single-phase bipolar series electroslag remelting stove or three-phase bipolar series electroslag remelting stove; Adopt copper wall water mold and water cooled bottom plate;
B, smelt consutrode, make the composition of consutrode satisfy the requirement of following table:
| Element | Consutrode chemical Composition Control (%) |
| C | ≤0.035 |
| Cr | 18.50～20.00 |
| Ni | 9.00～11.00 |
| Si | ≤1.00 |
| Mn | ≤2.00 |
| S | ≤0.015 |
| P | ≤0.030 |
| Cu | ≤0.50 |
| Co | ≤0.006 |
| N | 0.060～0.080 |
| B | ≤0.0015 |
C, the consutrode of 3～6 tons of Dan Zhichong is assembled, per two consutrodes match;
D, proportioning slag charge: adopt fluorite: the ratio of white fused alumina=1.5～4 is made into slag charge;
E, deoxidation: adopt SiCa and Al powder to carry out deoxidation; The addition of SiCa powder is 50～1500g/5min; The addition of Al is 50～1500g/5min;
Second step, refinement and fusion casting:
A, slag making; Slag charge that the part proportioning is good adds the crystallizer bottom, with the graphite electrode striking of switching in crystallizer;
B, change slag; Gradually slag charge is all added in the crystallizer, clear until wholeization of slag charge;
C, remelting; Treat that wholeization of slag charge hang out graphite electrode after clear, change the consutrode remelting.Hang out when waiting to be melted to, change a pair of consutrode and continue remelting, lack 2 ton hours to the steel ingot actual weight than predetermined weight, reduce electrical power and change feeding operation in latter stage over to when remelting apart from consutrode top 50 ± 5mm;
Electric standard operation during the electroslag remelting is as shown in the table:
| Operation | Voltage (V) | Electric current (kA) | |
| Slag making | 95～122 | 0～20 | |
| Change slag | 95～122 | 4～35 | |
| Remelting | Change behind the consutrode in 20 minutes | 90～120 | 20～35 |
| Change consutrode after 20 minutes | 95～126 | 20～34 | |
| The feeding phase | 93～75 | 10～18 | |
The leaving water temperature of crystallization control device and water cooled bottom plate is not more than 50 ℃ during the electroslag remelting;
In the 3rd step, take off ingot; Electroslag remelting finishes the back and took off ingot in 3～6 hours, cleans out the slag crust of surface of steel ingot behind the air cooling.
The technique effect that the present invention can reach is: the physicochemical property of the steel ingot that manufactures with the present invention is superior, can satisfy the requirement of nuclear power to material, has high degree of purity and fabulous uniformity, good resistance to elevated temperatures and corrosion resisting property and strong anti-neutron irradiation embrittlement sensitiveness etc., can guarantee each forging all under equal conditions service life identical, guarantee that the overall stack core component can use 70 years.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of making steel ingot with the present invention.
Among the figure, 1 consutrode, 2 water molds, 3 slag charges, 4 steel ingots, 5 water cooled bottom plates.
The specific embodiment
The present invention adopts electroslag remelting manufactured steel ingot for million multikilowatt nuclear electricity pile core component.According to the requirement of nuclear power correlation technique standard, the large-scale austenite stainless steel forgings of million kilowatt nuclear power core internals need reach the requirement of Z3CN18-10NS material with steel ingot, and promptly every physicochemical property should satisfy following index:
1, chemical composition should satisfy the index of table 1:
| Element | Heat analysis (%) | Check analysis value (%) |
| C | ≤0.038 | ≤0.040 |
| Cr | 18.50～20.00 | 18.50～20.00 |
| Ni | 9.00～11.00 | 9.00～11.00 |
| Si | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 |
| Mn | ≤2.00 | ≤2.00 |
| S | ≤0.015 | ≤0.020 |
| P | ≤0.030 | ≤0.035 |
| Cu | ≤1.00 | ≤1.00 |
| Co | ≤0.06 | ≤0.10 |
| N | ≤0.080 | ≤0.080 |
| B | ≤0.0018 | ≤0.0018 |
Table 1
2, mechanical performance should reach the requirement of table 2:
| Test name | Test temperature | Performance | Setting | |
| Tension test | | R | p0，2 | ≥205MPa |
| R m | ≥485MPa | |||
| A％ (5d) | ≥45 | |||
| 350 | R | t p0，2 | ≥115MPa | |
| R m | ≥368MPa | |||
| KV impacts | Room temperature | The minimum average B configuration value | ≥60J |
Table 2
3, field trash is rated: A≤0.5 grade, B≤1.0 grade, C≤0.5 grade, D≤1.0 grade;
4, grain size≤3 grade;
5, pass through the Huey test of RCCM standard.
The large-scale austenite stainless steel forgings of million kilowatt nuclear power core internals can reach 61 tons with the steel ingot maximum, needs to carry out melting in Φ 1760/ Φ 1720 * 3700 crystallizers.And the Z3CN18-10NS material belongs to high-alloy steel, and will realize controlling nitrogen.Carry out electroslag remelting in heavy in section crystallizer like this, it requires high, must solve following problem:
(1) composition of consutrode control.
(2) control of electroslag remelting degree of purity.
(3) the inhomogeneity control of electroslag remelting.
(4) control of electroslag remelting control nitrogen.
(5) control of grain size in the esr process.
Employing electroslag remelting manufactured weight is that the concrete steps of the million multikilowatt nuclear electricity pile core component austenite stainless steel ingot more than 25 tons are as follows:
1, electroslag remelting is prepared
1.1, adopt single-phase bipolar series electroslag remelting stove or three-phase bipolar series electroslag remelting stove.
1.2, adopt copper wall water mold and water cooled bottom plate, the crystallizer specification is Φ 1760/ Φ 1720 * 3700, promptly the upper base diameter is 1760mm, the diameter of going to the bottom is 1720mm, highly is 3700mm.
1.3, smelt consutrode;
Consutrode adopts electric arc furnaces+vacuum refining furnace mode to make, promptly by the hot molten steel of arc melting, after desulfurization, dephosphorization and alloying, pour the oxygen decarburization vacuum refining furnace into, carry out decarburization, deoxidation, desulfurization, dephosphorization and reduction, trimming reaches the steel ingot that is cast into after electroslag remelting requires with the composition of consutrode as consutrode.The consutrode composition should satisfy the requirement of table 3.
| Element | Consutrode chemical Composition Control (%) |
| C | ≤0.035 |
| Cr | 18.50～20.00 |
| Ni | 9.00～11.00 |
| Si | ≤1.00 |
| Mn | ≤2.00 |
| S | ≤0.015 |
| P | ≤0.030 |
| Cu | ≤0.50 |
| Co | ≤0.006 |
| N | 0.060～0.080 |
| B | ≤0.0015 |
Table 3
Smelt the consutrode that and be of a size of diameter 850mm, length 2500mm, 3～6 tons of individual cigarette weights.
1.4, consutrode reviews and surface quality checks that errorless laggard luggage joins through chemical composition, per two consutrodes match, two consutrode length variations of pairing are not more than 5mm.
1.5, the good consutrode of pairing is before use with the coal gas baking more than 4 hours, baking temperature is not less than 600 ℃.
1.6, the proportioning slag charge: adopt fluorite: the ratio of white fused alumina=1.5～4 is made into slag charge; For example, adopt fluorite 950kg, white fused alumina 350kg is made into slag charge.
1.7, the deoxidation mode: adopt SiCa and Al powder to carry out deoxidation.The addition of SiCa powder is adding in per five minutes 50～1500 grams; The addition of Al is adding in per five minutes 50～1500 grams.
2, refinement and fusion casting;
2.1, slag making.Slag charge that the part proportioning is good adds the crystallizer bottom, with the graphite electrode striking of switching in crystallizer.
2.2, change slag.Gradually slag charge is all added in the crystallizer, clear until wholeization of slag charge.
2.3, remelting.Treat that wholeization of slag charge hang out graphite electrode after clear, change the consutrode remelting, as shown in Figure 1.Hang out when waiting to be melted to, change a pair of consutrode and continue remelting, lack 2 ton hours reduction electrical power to the steel ingot actual weight than predetermined weight when remelting and change feeding operation in latter stage over to apart from consutrode top 50 ± 5mm.
Electric standard operation during the electroslag remelting sees Table 4:
| Operation | Voltage (V) | Electric current (kA) |
| Slag making | 95～122 | 0～20 |
| Change slag | 95～122 | 4～35 | |
| Remelting | Change behind the consutrode in 20 minutes | 90～120 | 20～35 |
| Change consutrode after 20 minutes | 95～126 | 20～34 | |
| The feeding phase | 93～75 | 10～18 | |
Table 4
By the aperture of control water valve, make that the leaving water temperature of crystallization control device and water cooled bottom plate is not more than 50 ℃ during the electroslag remelting.
3, take off ingot.Electroslag remelting finishes the back and took off ingot in 3～6 hours, cleans out the slag crust of surface of steel ingot behind the air cooling.
The weight that adopts manufacturing of the present invention is the million multikilowatt nuclear electricity pile core component austenite stainless steel ingot more than 25 tons, has high degree of purity and fabulous uniformity, good resistance to elevated temperatures and corrosion resisting property and strong anti-neutron irradiation embrittlement sensitiveness etc.
1, the steel ingot high purity of manufacturing:
The present invention controls burn-off rate by the electric current and voltage during the control electroslag remelting, and adopts suitable deoxidation mode in esr process, thereby guarantees that the steel ingot that produces has higher oxygen cleanliness and sulphur cleanliness.
2, the steel ingot good uniformity of manufacturing:
The smelting characteristic of large-scale steel ingot, long as smelting time, the oxidizing atmosphere of smelting zone is strong, the contact of gas/slag is lasting, the scaling loss of electrode surface oxidation and some active elements is many, the deoxidation task is heavy, the decomposition of some constituent elements of slag divides crystallization serious or the like these factors with the choosing of slag crust, physical-chemical reaction to fusion process all can produce significant impact, control is complicated in the smelting process in a word, thereby increased not little difficulty, the diameter of steel ingot is big again in addition, and the component segregation of control major diameter steel ingot is again the difficult problem in the metallurgy.
And the steel ingot of tens of tons of weights of electroslag remelting, need consutrode with several heat (batch) numbers, this homogeneity of ingredients control with the big method of little assembly is that its particularity is arranged, because it is in full accord that the composition of the consutrode of each heat (batch) number can not be accomplished, the difference that has is still very big, though consutrode can match use, this can't deal with problems fully.
The present invention is by formulating careful technology reliably, the electric current and voltage in strict control each stage of electroslag remelting, and the leaving water temperature of water mold and water cooled bottom plate, by orientation heating and the directed double action of cooling off of strengthening esr process, solidify on fusing of margin refining limit, promptly with a small amount of liquid metal, promote the characteristics of crystallographic orientation rapid solidification, the condition of metallurgical imperfections such as generation dissolution pore, arc draw, segregation has not been existed, and then the very high uniformity of acquisition, dense structure, remaining field trash is able to height refinement and disperse in the steel.
3, the steel ingot of manufacturing has good resistance to elevated temperatures and decay resistance:
Large-scale austenite stainless steel forgings will guarantee good resistance to elevated temperatures and decay resistance, it is again Ultra-low carbon in addition, therefore only the nitrogen element in steel just can reach after reaching certain content, and the content of nitrogen element will be controlled between 0.06%～0.08% specifically.For the remelting large-scale steel ingot, be controlled at nitrogen in the so narrow interval, be difficult.
The present invention passes through the chemical composition of control consutrode, suitable slag system, and controls remelting temperature by the electric current and voltage in control each stage of electroslag remelting, reaches the requirement of control nitrogen.
4, the steel ingot of manufacturing has strong anti-neutron irradiation embrittlement sensitiveness:
For large-scale austenite stainless steel forgings, grain size is a very important microscopic structure parameter, it is again a very thorny technical barrier, what solve is bad, and not only influence is original with regard to not rich mechanical performance index, and ultrasonic examination also is difficult to see through, have even ultrasonic echo does not all have, thereby the prosperity of austenitic stainless steel column crystal, crystal grain are thick, do not undergo phase transition again in the manufacture process, so can't change its tissue with heat treatment.
The present invention controls burn-off rate by the electric current and voltage in control each stage of electroslag remelting, and strengthen cooling off, make the molten steel rapid solidification of comsumable melt, change crystalline structure, make the pitch smaller of secondary dendrite, thereby can obtain the compact grained tissue, make steel ingot have strong anti-neutron irradiation embrittlement sensitive property.
Claims (4)
1. the manufacture method of a steel ingot for million multikilowatt nuclear electricity pile core component is characterized in that, adopting following steps to make weight with electroslag remelting process is austenite stainless steel ingot more than 25 tons:
The first step, prepare:
A, employing single-phase bipolar series electroslag remelting stove or three-phase bipolar series electroslag remelting stove; Adopt copper wall water mold and water cooled bottom plate;
B, smelting consutrode make the composition of consutrode satisfy following the requirement:
The consutrode chemical Composition Control of C element is≤0.035%,
The consutrode chemical Composition Control of Cr element is 18.50～20.00%,
The consutrode chemical Composition Control of Ni element is 9.00～11.00%,
The consutrode chemical Composition Control of Si element is≤1.00%,
The consutrode chemical Composition Control of Mn element is≤2.00%,
The consutrode chemical Composition Control of S element is≤0.015%,
The consutrode chemical Composition Control of P element is≤0.030%,
The consutrode chemical Composition Control of Cu element is≤0.50%,
The consutrode chemical Composition Control of Co element is≤0.006%,
The consutrode chemical Composition Control of N element is 0.060～0.080%,
The consutrode chemical Composition Control of B element is≤0.0015%;
C, the consutrode of 3～6 tons of Dan Zhichong is assembled, per two consutrodes match;
D, proportioning slag charge: adopt fluorite: the ratio of white fused alumina=1.5～4 is made into slag charge;
E, deoxidation: adopt SiCa and Al powder to carry out deoxidation; The addition of SiCa powder is adding in per five minutes 50～1500 grams; The addition of Al is adding in per five minutes 50～1500 grams;
Second step, refinement and fusion casting:
A, slag making; Slag charge that the part proportioning is good adds the crystallizer bottom, with the graphite electrode striking of switching in crystallizer;
B, change slag; Gradually slag charge is all added in the crystallizer, clear until wholeization of slag charge;
C, remelting; Treat that wholeization of slag charge hang out graphite electrode after clear, change the consutrode remelting; Hang out when waiting to be melted to, change a pair of consutrode and continue remelting, lack 2 ton hours to the steel ingot actual weight than predetermined weight, reduce electrical power and change feeding operation in latter stage over to when remelting apart from consutrode top 50 ± 5mm;
Electric standard operation during the electroslag remelting is as follows:
The voltage of slag making operation is 95～122V, and electric current is 0～20kA,
The voltage of changing the slag operation is 95～122V, and electric current is 4～35kA,
In the remelting operation, change that the voltage in 20 minutes is 90～120V behind the consutrode, electric current is 20～35kA, and changing the voltage of consutrode after 20 minutes is 95～126V, and electric current is 20～34kA, and the voltage of feeding phase is 93～75V, and electric current is 10～18kA;
The leaving water temperature of crystallization control device and water cooled bottom plate is not more than 50 ℃ during the electroslag remelting;
In the 3rd step, take off ingot; Electroslag remelting finishes the back and took off ingot in 3～6 hours, cleans out the slag crust of surface of steel ingot behind the air cooling.
2. the manufacture method of steel ingot for million multikilowatt nuclear electricity pile core component according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the length variation of described two consutrodes pairing is not more than 5mm.
3. the manufacture method of steel ingot for million multikilowatt nuclear electricity pile core component according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the good consutrode of described pairing is before use with the coal gas baking more than 4 hours.
4. the manufacture method of steel ingot for million multikilowatt nuclear electricity pile core component according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the consutrode baking temperature before use that described pairing is good is not less than 600 ℃.
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| CN101612661B (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2011-02-02 | 饶云福 | Heavy caliber uniform section hollow steel ingot device for electro-slag continuous stripping |
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| CN110640120B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2022-09-30 | 上海电气上重铸锻有限公司 | Manufacturing device and manufacturing method of stainless steel electroslag remelting steel ingot |
| CN110607455B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-12-10 | 上海电气上重铸锻有限公司 | Chemical composition control method for large stainless steel electroslag remelting steel ingot |
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| CN111811263A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-23 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Smelting furnace and method for preventing gas holes from being formed at bottom of electroslag remelting ingot |
| CN114250402B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-06-28 | 大冶特殊钢有限公司 | Manufacturing method of low-carbon nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel bar |
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| CN1736634A (en) * | 2004-08-17 | 2006-02-22 | 上海集思复合钢技术开发有限公司 | Production method of multiple layer metal surface composite billet using electroslag remelting |
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| CN1044500A (en) * | 1989-01-25 | 1990-08-08 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of less energy-consumption esr is produced the method for fine crystal ingot |
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| CN1354054A (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2002-06-19 | 赵士英 | Electroslag remelting feeding process |
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Effective date of registration: 20161219 Address after: 200245 Jiangchuan Road, Shanghai, No. 207, building 1800, No. Patentee after: Shanghai Electric Heavy Forging Co. Ltd. Patentee after: Shanghai Heavy-Machine Factory Co., Ltd. Address before: 200245 Jiangchuan Road, Shanghai, No. 1800, No. Patentee before: Shanghai Heavy-Machine Factory Co., Ltd. |