CN101395349A - 压燃式内燃机的排气净化装置 - Google Patents
压燃式内燃机的排气净化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101395349A CN101395349A CN200780007681.2A CN200780007681A CN101395349A CN 101395349 A CN101395349 A CN 101395349A CN 200780007681 A CN200780007681 A CN 200780007681A CN 101395349 A CN101395349 A CN 101395349A
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Abstract
一种内燃机,其中SOX捕集催化剂(12)和颗粒过滤器(13)被布置在内燃机排气通道中,并且其中再循环废气出口(17)形成于颗粒过滤器(13)下游的所述内燃机排气通道内。NOX存储催化剂(15)和还原剂供给阀(21)被布置在再循环废气出口(17)下游的所述内燃机排气通道内。在NOX应当从NOX存储催化剂(15)中被释放出时,还原剂从还原剂供给阀(21)被供应到所述排气通道中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及压燃式内燃机的排气净化装置。
背景技术
现有技术已知的压燃式内燃机被设计为在内燃机排气通道中布置颗粒过滤器,在所述颗粒过滤器下游的内燃机排气通道中形成再循环废气出口并且使得从再循环废气出口出来的废气再循环进入内燃机进气通道(见日本专利公开(A)第2004-150319号)。在这种压燃式内燃机中,由于已清除掉颗粒物质的废气在内燃机进气通道中被再循环,所以可以避免由于所述颗粒物质的沉积而造成的各种问题。
另一方面,现有技术已知的内燃机被设计为在内燃机进气通道中布置携带有NOX存储催化剂的颗粒过滤器,在所述颗粒过滤器上游的内燃机排气通道中布置还原剂供给阀,并且在所述NOX存储催化剂的NOX存储能力接近饱和时,从还原剂供给阀供给还原剂以使得废气的空燃比变浓,从而使所述NOX存储催化剂释放NOX。
然而,如果在这种内燃机中,在所述颗粒过滤器下游的排气通道中形成再循环废气进口来防止颗粒物质进入再循环废气,则产生了以下问题,即当还原剂从所述还原剂供给阀被供给时,通过所述颗粒过滤器的所述还原剂,即燃料,将进入再循环废气,该再循环废气将被供入燃烧室并因此导致燃烧而老化。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种压燃式内燃机的排气净化装置,所述装置被设计为防止从还原剂供给阀供应的还原剂进入所述再循环废气并且从而防止燃烧老化。
依照本发明,提供了一种压燃式内燃机的排气净化装置,在内燃机排气通道中布置颗粒过滤器,在所述颗粒过滤器下游的内燃机排气通道中形成再循环废气出口并且使得从再循环废气出口出来的废气再循环进入内燃机进气通道,其中所述排气净化装置在所述再循环废气出口下游的内燃机排气通道中布置了还原剂供给阀和NOX存储催化剂,所述NOX存储催化剂在流入的废气的空燃比稀时存储包含在废气中的NOX并且在所述流入的废气的空燃比变为理论空燃比或变得浓时释放被存储的NOX,并且在NOX应当从所述NOX存储催化剂中被释放出时,还原剂从所述还原剂供给阀被供应到排气通道中,以使得流入所述NOX存储催化剂的废气的空燃比暂时变浓。
附图说明
图1为压燃式内燃机的总体图,图2为显示压燃式内燃机的另一个实施例的总体图,图3为NOX存储催化剂的催化剂载体的表面部分的截面图,图4为SOX捕集催化剂的催化剂载体的表面部分的截面图,图5为显示SOX捕集率的视图,图6为用于说明升温控制的视图,图7为显示喷射正时的视图,图8为显示被存储的SOX量ΣSOX和用于升温控制的被存储的SOX量SO(n)之间的关系等的视图,图9为显示被存储的SOX量ΣSOX的变化等的时间图,图10为用于执行SOX稳定化处理的第一实施例的流程图,图11为用于执行SOX稳定化处理的第二实施例的流程图,图12为显示SOX稳定化处理的时间图,图13为显示颗粒过滤器的升温控制的时间图,图14为显示被存储的NOX量NOXA的设定表(map)的视图,图15为执行关于所述颗粒过滤器和NOX存储催化剂的处理的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了压燃式内燃机的总体图。
参考图1,1表示发动机体,2表示各个气缸的燃烧室,3表示用于将燃料喷射到各个燃烧室2内的电子控制式燃料喷射器,4表示进气歧管,及5表示排气歧管。进气歧管4通过进气管6连接到废气涡轮增压器7的压缩机7a的出口,而压缩机7a的入口通过进气管8连接到空气滤清器9。进气管6具有由布置在其内的步进电动机驱动的节流阀10。此外,在进气管6周围布置了用于冷却流过进气管6内部的进气的冷却***11。在图1所示的实施例中,发动机冷却水被引入冷却***11中,在所述冷却***11中所述发动机冷却水冷却所述进气。
另一方面,排气歧管5连接到废气涡轮增压器7的废气涡轮7b的入口,而废气涡轮7b的出口连接到SOX捕集催化剂12的入口。此外,SOX捕集催化剂12的出口通过排气管14连接到颗粒过滤器13的入口。颗粒过滤器13的出口通过排气管14连接到NOX存储催化剂15的入口。在排气管14内形成了废气再循环***16的再循环废气出口(下文被称作“EGR气体出口”)17。正如可从图1中理解的,该EGR气体出口17被定位在SOX捕集催化剂12和颗粒过滤器13的下游以及NOX存储催化剂15的上游。
EGR气体出口17通过废气再循环通道(下文被称作“EGR通道”)18连接到进气管8。在EGR通道18内布置了废气再循环控制阀19。在EGR通道18周围布置了用于冷却流过EGR通道18内部的再循环废气(下文被称作“EGR气体”)的冷却***20。在图1所示的实施例中,发动机冷却水被引入冷却***20中,在所述冷却***20中所述发动机冷却水冷却所述EGR气体。在发动机运转时,从EGR气体出口17排出的EGR气体通过EGR通道18被供应到进气管8中,然后通过进气歧管4被供应到燃烧室2内。
此外,如图1所示,在位于EGR气体出口17下游和NOX存储催化剂15上游的排气管14内布置了还原剂供给阀21,还原剂供给阀21用于将包括诸如碳氢化合物的还原剂供应到流过排气管14的废气中。另一方面,各个燃料喷射器3通过燃料供给管22连接至共轨23上。共轨23被供应有来自电子控制式可变排放燃料泵24的燃料。被供应到共轨23内的燃料通过各个燃料供给管22被供应到燃料喷射器3。
电子控制模块30包括数字计算机,并且设置有通过双向总线31互相连接的ROM(只读存储器)32、RAM(随机存取存储器)33、CPU(微处理器)34、输入端口35和输出端口36。颗粒过滤器13具有连接到其上的压差传感器25,压差传感器25用来检测颗粒过滤器13之前和之后的压差。所述压差传感器25的输出信号通过相应的AD转换器37输入到输入端口35。
加速踏板40具有连接到其上的负荷传感器41,负荷传感器41产生与加速踏板40的下压量L成比例的输出电压。负荷传感器41的所述输出电压通过相应的AD转换器37输入到输入端口35。此外,每当曲轴旋转诸如15°时产生输出脉冲的曲轴转角传感器42连接到输入端口35。另一方面,输出端口36通过相应的驱动电路38连接到各个燃料喷射器3、用于驱动节流阀10的步进电动机、EGR控制阀19、还原剂供给阀21和燃料泵24。
图2显示了压燃式内燃机的另一个实施例。在这个实施例中,在排气管17内布置了用于检测从SOX捕集催化剂12流出的废气中的SOX浓度的SOX传感器26。
首先,说明图1和图2所示的NOX存储催化剂15,NOX存储催化剂15形成了整体式(monolith shape)或颗粒状(pellet shape)的三维网状结构。所述整体式或颗粒状的基本构件携带有由诸如氧化铝制成的催化剂载体。图3说明性地显示了该催化剂载体45的表面部分的截面。如图3所示,贵金属催化剂46被分散携带在催化剂载体45的表面上。此外,在催化剂载体45的表面上形成了一层NOX吸收剂47。
在依照本发明的实施例中,铂Pt被用作贵金属催化剂46。例如,利用诸如选自钾K、钠Na、铯Cs和其它碱金属,钡Ba、钙Ca和其它碱土金属以及镧La、钇Y和其它稀土金属中的至少一种元素作为形成NOX吸收剂47的成分。
如果将供入NOX存储催化剂15上游的内燃机进气通道、燃烧室2和排气通道内的空气和燃料(碳氢化合物)的比称作“废气的空燃比”,则执行NOX吸收剂47在废气的空燃比稀时吸收NOX并且在废气中的氧气浓度降低时释放被吸收的NOX的NOX的吸收和释放动作。
以利用钡Ba作为形成NOX吸收剂47的成分的情况作为例子进行说明,就是说当所述废气的空燃比稀时,即当所述废气中的氧气浓度高时,如图3所示,所述废气中包含的NO在铂Pt 46上被氧化并且变成NO2,接着所述NO2被吸收在NOX吸收剂47中,并且与氧化钡BaO结合同时以硝酸根离子NO3 -的形式在NOX吸收剂47内扩散。这样,所述NOX在NOX吸收剂47中被吸收。只要所述废气中的氧气浓度高,就会在铂Pt 46表面上产生NO2。只要NOX吸收剂47的NOX吸收能力不饱和,所述NO2就被吸收在NOX吸收剂47中并产生硝酸根离子NO3 -。
与此相反,如果利用还原剂供给阀21供应还原剂使得废气的空燃比变浓或达到理论空燃比,则废气中的氧气浓度下降,所以反应在相反方向上进行(NO3 -→NO2),并且因此NOX吸收剂47中的硝酸根离子NO3 -以NO2的形式从NOX吸收剂47中释放出来。然后,所述被释放的NOX由包含在废气中的未燃烧的HC和CO还原。
这样,当废气的空燃比稀时,即在稀空燃比的条件下执行燃烧时,废气中的NOX在NOX吸收剂47中被吸收。然而,当在稀空燃比的条件下继续执行燃烧时,NOX吸收剂47的NOX吸收能力最终变得饱和,因此NOX吸收剂47不能再吸收NOX。因此,在依照本发明的实施例中,在NOX吸收剂47的吸收能力变得饱和之前,从还原剂供给阀21供应还原剂以使得废气的空燃比暂时变浓,从而使得NOX吸收剂47释放NOX。
这样,还原剂被从还原剂供给阀21供给,但还原剂供给阀21被布置在EGR气体出口17的下游。因此,所述还原剂绝对不会流入EGR气体出口17。因此,能够防止由于还原剂进入所述EGR气体而造成的燃烧老化。
然而,废气中包含SOX,即SO2。当该SO2流入NOX存储催化剂15中时,所述SO2会在铂Pt 46上被氧化并变为SO3。接着,该SO3被吸收到NOX吸收剂47中,并且与所述氧化钡BaO结合同时以硫酸根离子SO4 2-的形式在NOX吸收剂47中扩散,以形成稳定的硫酸盐BaSO4。然而,NOX吸收剂47表现出强碱性,因此所述硫酸盐BaSO4稳定且难以分解。通过仅仅使得所述废气的空燃比变浓,所述硫酸盐BaSO4是不会被分解的且保持原来的状态。因此,随着时间流逝,NOX吸收剂47中的硫酸盐BaSO4增加,因此随着时间流逝,NOX吸收剂47能够吸收的NOX量减少。
然而,在这种情况下,如果在将NOX存储催化剂15的温度升高到600℃或更高的SOX释放温度的情况下,使得流入到NOX存储催化剂15中的废气的空燃比变浓,则SOX将从NOX吸收剂47释放出来。然而,在这种情况下,NOX吸收剂47每次只释放一点SOX。因此,为了使得NOX吸收剂47释放所有被吸收的SOX,必须长时间的保持浓的空燃比。因此,需要大量的燃料。此外,从NOX吸收剂47释放出来的SOX被释放到大气中。这也不是更可取的。
因此,在本发明中,SOX捕集催化剂12被布置在NOX存储催化剂15的上游,该SOX捕集催化剂12捕集包含在废气中的SOX,从而防止SOX流入NOX存储催化剂15中。接下来将对该SOX捕集催化剂12进行说明。
该SOX捕集催化剂12由诸如蜂窝状结构的整体催化剂组成,所述整体催化剂具有大量在SOX捕集催化剂12的轴向上直线延伸的废气流动孔。当由蜂窝状结构的整体催化剂以这种方式形成SOX捕集催化剂12时,由诸如氧化铝组成的催化剂载体被携带在所述废气流动孔的内圆周壁上。图4显示了该催化剂载体50的表面部分的截面。如图4所示,催化剂载体50的表面上形成有涂层51。该涂层51的表面携带有扩散到其中的贵金属催化剂52。
在依照本发明的实施例中,铂被用作贵金属催化剂52。利用诸如选自钾K、钠Na、铯Cs或其它碱金属,钡Ba、钙Ca或其它碱土金属以及镧La、钇Y或其它稀土金属中的至少一种元素作为形成涂层51的成分。就是说,SOX捕集催化剂12的涂层51表现出强碱性。
现在,如图4所示,包含在废气中的SOX,即SO2在铂Pt 52上被氧化,然后被捕集在涂层51中。即所述SO2以硫酸根离子SO4 2-的形式在涂层51中扩散并形成硫酸盐。应当注意,正如上面说明的,涂层51表现出强碱性,因此如图4所示,包含在废气中的部分SO2直接被捕集在涂层51中。
在图4中,涂层51中的阴影表示被捕集的SOX的浓度。正如可从图4中理解的,涂层51中的SOX浓度在涂层51表面附近最高并越向内部越逐渐下降。如果涂层51的表面附近的SOX浓度变得更高,则涂层51表面的碱性变得更弱且捕集SOX的能力减弱。此时,如果将被SOX捕集催化剂12捕集的SOX与废气中包含的SOX的比称作SOX捕集率,如果涂层51的表面的碱性减弱,则所述SOX捕集率会随此下降。
图5显示了SOX捕集率随时间的变化。如图5所示,SOX捕集率首先接近100%,但随着时间流逝,SOX捕集率迅速地下降。因此,在本发明中,如图5所示,当SOX捕集率下降至预定率之下时,则在废气的稀空燃比的条件下执行升温控制来升高SOX捕集催化剂12的温度,从而恢复SOX捕集率。
就是说,如果在废气的稀空燃比条件下升高SOX捕集催化剂12的温度,则集中存在于涂层51表面附近的SOX扩散至涂层51的内部以使涂层51内的SOX浓度变得均匀。就是说,涂层51内形成的硝酸根(nitrate)从其集中在涂层51表面的不稳定状态变为均匀扩散到整个涂层51的稳定状态。如果涂层51表面附近存在的SOX朝涂层51内部扩散,则涂层51表面附近的SOX浓度降低,因此当SOX捕集催化剂12的升温控制结束时,如图6所示,SOX捕集率被恢复。
当执行SOX捕集催化剂12的升温控制时,如果使得SOX捕集催化剂12的温度为大约450℃,则能够使得涂层51表面附近的SOX扩散到涂层51内部。如果将SOX捕集催化剂12的温度升高至600℃左右,则能够使得涂层51内的SOX浓度相当地均匀。因此,在进行SOX捕集催化剂12的升温控制时,优选地,在废气的稀空燃比条件下将SOX捕集催化剂12的温度升高至600℃左右。
应当注意,如果在升高SOX捕集催化剂12的温度同时使废气的空燃比变浓,则SOX捕集催化剂12会释放SOX。因此,当升高SOX捕集催化剂12的温度时,有必要使所述废气的空燃比变浓。此外,当涂层51表面附近的SOX浓度变高时,即使不升高SOX捕集催化剂12的温度,如果使废气的空燃比变浓,则SOX捕集催化剂12也将会释放SOX。因此,当SOX捕集催化剂12的温度是能够释放SOX或更高的温度时,流入SOX捕集催化剂12的废气的空燃比不变浓。
在本发明中,基本上考虑到从车辆的购买到废弃过程中不会替换SOX捕集催化剂12的现状。特别是近些年来,燃料中的硫含量被减少了。因此,如果使得SOX捕集催化剂12的能力大到一定程度,则SOX捕集催化剂12能够使用到车辆废弃而不用替换。例如,如果车辆的耐用行驶距离是500,000km,则使得SOX捕集催化剂12的能力成为如下的能力:不用执行升温控制而使SOX能够持续以高的SOX捕集率被捕集直到行驶距离达到约为250,000km。在这种情况下,当行驶距离达到约为250,000km时执行初始升温控制。
接下来将参考图7说明升高SOX捕集催化剂12的温度的方法。
升高SOX捕集催化剂12的温度的有效方法之一是延迟燃料喷射正时直到压缩上止点或更晚的方法。就是说,通常地,主燃料Qm在如图7中(I)所示的压缩上止点附近被喷射。在这种情况下,如图7中(II)所示,如果主燃料Qm的喷射正时被延迟,后燃期会变得更长,因此废气温度会升高。如果废气温度升高,则SOX捕集催化剂12的温度会随此升高。
此外,为了升高SOX捕集催化剂12的温度,如图7中(III)所示,除了主燃料Qm之外,也可能在进气上止点附近喷射辅助燃料Qv。这样,如果额外地喷射辅助燃料Qv,则被燃烧的燃料正好增加了辅助燃料Qv的量,所以废气温度升高而且因此SOX捕集催化剂12的温度升高。
另一方面,如果以此在进气上止点附近喷射辅助燃料Qv,则在压缩冲程期间,压缩热量会导致从这种辅助燃料Qv中产生醛、酮、过氧化物、一氧化碳或其它中间产物。这些中间产物导致主燃料Qm的反应被加速。因此,在这种情况下,如图7中(III)所示,即使很大程度上延迟主燃料Qm的喷射正时,也可以获得良好的燃烧而不会引起不着火(misfire)。即,能以这种方式很大程度地延迟主燃料Qm的喷射正时,所以废气温度变得相当高,因此SOX捕集催化剂12的温度会很快升高。
此外,如图7中(IV)所示,除了主燃料Qm外,通过在膨胀冲程或排气冲程期间喷射辅助燃料Qp来升高SOX捕集催化剂12的温度。即,在这种情况下,辅助燃料Qp的主要部分没有燃烧就以未燃的HC的形式被排入到所述排气通道中。未燃的HC在SOX捕集催化剂12上被多余的氧氧化。此时的氧化反应的热量导致SOX捕集催化剂12的温度升高。应当注意,无论使用哪种方法来升高温度,流入SOX捕集催化剂12的废气的空燃比被保持为稀的而一直不会变浓。
接下来,将参考图8至图10说明SOX捕集催化剂12中的SOX稳定化处理的第一实施例。
在此第一实施例中,估算被SOX捕集催化剂12捕集的SOX量。当被SOX捕集催化剂12捕集的SOX量超过预定量时,则判断为SOX捕集率已经降到预定捕集率之下。这时,为了恢复SOX捕集率,在废气的稀空燃比的条件下执行升高SOX捕集催化剂12的温度的升温控制。
即,燃料中包含确定比例的硫。因此,包含在废气中的SOX量,也就是由SOX捕集催化剂12捕集到的SOX量与所述燃料喷射量成比例。所述燃料喷射量是所需扭矩和发动机转速的函数,因此被SOX捕集催化剂12捕集到的SOX量也成为所述所需扭矩和发动机转速的函数。在依照本发明的实施例中,每单位时间内SOX捕集催化剂12中捕集到的SOX捕集量SOXA作为所需扭矩TQ和发动机转速N的函数以如图8(A)所示的设定表的形式被预先存储在ROM 32中。
此外,润滑油也包含确定比例的硫。在燃烧室2中燃烧的润滑油的量,即废气中包含的被捕集到的SOX量和在SOX捕集催化剂12中被捕集到的SOX量也成为所需扭矩和发动机转速的函数。在依照本发明的实施例中,包含在所述润滑油中的且每单位时间内在SOX捕集催化剂12中被捕集的SOX量SOXB作为所需扭矩TQ和发动机转速N的函数以如图8(B)所示的设定表的形式被预先存储在ROM 32中。通过将SOX捕集量SOXA和SOX捕集量SOXB累加,计算出在SOX捕集催化剂12中被捕集的SOX捕集量ΣSOX。
此外,在本发明的实施例中,如图8(C)所示,当执行升高SOX捕集催化剂12的温度的处理时SOX量ΣSOX和预定SOX量SO(n)之间的关系被预先存储。当SOX量ΣSOX超过预定SO(n)(n=1,2,3,...)时,执行SOX捕集催化剂12的升温处理。应当注意在图8(C)中,n表示升温处理的次数。正如可从图8(C)中理解的,随着用于恢复SOX捕集率的升温处理次数n的增大,预定量SO(n)增大。处理次数n越大,则此预定量SO(n)的增大率变得越小。即,SO(3)相对于SO(2)的增大率比SO(2)相对于SO(1)的增大率减少。
即,如图9的时间图所示,被SOX捕集催化剂12捕集到的SOX量ΣSOX随着时间流逝继续增加直到容许值MAX。应当注意在图9中,ΣSOX=MAX的时刻是行驶距离为大约500,000km时的时刻。
另一方面,在图9中,所述SOX浓度表示在SOX捕集催化剂12表面附近的SOX浓度。正如从图9中理解的,当在SOX捕集催化剂12的表面附近的SOX浓度超过容许值SOZ时,在废气的稀空燃比A/F的条件下执行升温控制以升高SOX捕集催化剂12的温度T。当执行升温控制时,SOX捕集催化剂12表面附近的SOX浓度下降,但每当执述升温控制时,SOX浓度的减少量变得更小。因此每当执行升温控制时,从执行一个升温控制到执行下一个升温控制的时间变得更短。
应当注意如图12所示,被捕集的SOX量ΣSOX达到SO(1)、SO(2)...意味着在SOX捕集催化剂12的表面附近的SOX浓度已经达到容许值SOZ。
图10显示了用于执行SOX稳定化处理的第一实施例的程序。
参考图10,首先,在步骤100,从图8(A)和(B)读出每单位时间内被捕集到的SOX量SOXA和SOXB。接着,在步骤101,上述SOXA和SOXB的总和被加到SOX量ΣSOX上。然后,在步骤102,判断SOX量ΣSOX是否达到图8(C)中所示的预定量SO(n)(n=1,2,3...)。当SOX量ΣSOX已经达到预定量SO(n)时,程序进入执行升温控制的步骤103。
图11和图12显示了SOX稳定化处理的第二实施例。在该实施例中,如图2所示,SOX传感器26被布置在SOX捕集催化剂12的下游。SOX传感器26检测从SOX捕集催化剂12中流出的废气中的SOX浓度。即,在第二实施例中,如图12所示,当由SOX传感器26检测到的废气中的SOX浓度超过预定浓度SOY时,则判断为SOX捕集率已经下降到预定比率之下。这时,为了恢复SOX捕集率,在废气的稀空燃比A/F的条件下执行升温控制以升高SOX捕集催化剂12的温度T。
图11显示了用于执行此第二实施例的程序。
参考图11,首先,在步骤110,读出SOX传感器26的诸如输出电压V的输出信号。接着,在步骤111,判断传感器26的输出电压V是否超过设定值VX,即废气中的SOX浓度是否超过预定浓度SOY。当V>VX时,即当废气中的SOX浓度超过预定浓度SOY时,程序进入执行升温控制的步骤112。
接下来,将参考图13对关于NOX存储催化剂15的处理进行说明。
在依照本发明的实施例中,每单位时间存储在NOX存储催化剂15中的NOX量NOXA作为所需扭矩TQ和发动机转速N的函数以如图14所示的设定表的形式被预先存储在ROM 32中。该NOX量NOXA被积分以计算存储在NOX存储催化剂15中的NOX量ΣNOX。在本发明的实施例中,如图13所示,每当该NOX量ΣNOX达到容许值NX时,使得流入到NOX存储催化剂15中的废气的空燃比A/F暂时变浓,从而NOX存储催化剂15释放NOX。
应当注意当使得流入NOX存储催化剂15中的废气的空燃比A/F变浓时,流入SOX捕集催化剂12中的废气的空燃比必须保持为稀。因此,在本发明的实施例中,还原剂供给阀21被布置在SOX捕集催化剂12和NOX存储催化剂15之间的排气通道中,并且当NOX应当从NOX存储催化剂15中被释放出时,该还原剂供给阀21将还原剂供应到所述排气通道中,从而使得流入NOX存储催化剂15中的废气的空燃比暂时变浓。
另一方面,包含在废气中的颗粒物质在颗粒过滤器13上被捕集并相继被氧化。然而,当被捕集的颗粒物质的量变得大于被氧化的颗粒物质的量时,颗粒物质逐渐沉积在颗粒过滤器13上。在这种情况下,如果颗粒物质的沉积量增加,则引起发动机输出的下降。因此,当颗粒物质的沉积量增加时,必须除掉所沉积的颗粒物质。在这种情况下,如果在过量空气的条件下使得颗粒过滤器13的温度上升至约600℃,则所沉积的颗粒物质被氧化且被除掉。
因此,在本发明的实施例中,当沉积在颗粒过滤器13上的颗粒物质的量超过容许量时,颗粒过滤器13的温度在废气的稀空燃比的条件下被升高,从而通过氧化来除掉所沉积的颗粒物质。特别地讲,在本发明的实施例中,如图13所示,当由压差传感器25检测到的颗粒过滤器13之前和之后的压差ΔP超过容许值PX时,判断为所沉积的颗粒物质的量已经超过容许量。这时,执行图7中的(II)、(III)或(IV)所示的喷射控制,以在保持流入到颗粒过滤器13中的废气的空燃比稀的同时来升高颗粒过滤器13的温度T。应当注意如果颗粒过滤器13的温度T升高,则由于NOX存储催化剂15释放NOX,被捕集的NOX量ΣNOX减少。
图15显示了关于颗粒过滤器13和NOX存储催化剂15的处理程序。
参考图15,首先,在步骤120,从图14中所示的设定表来计算每单位时间内被存储的NOX量NOXA。接着,在步骤121,所述NOXA被加到存储在NOX存储催化剂15中的NOX量ΣNOX上。接下来,在步骤122,判断被存储的NOX量ΣNOX是否超过容许值NX。当ΣNOX>NX时,程序进入利用从还原剂供给阀21供应的还原剂执行浓化处理以暂时使流入NOX存储催化剂15的废气的空燃比从稀变为浓并将ΣNOX清零的步骤123。
接下来,在步骤124,由压差传感器25检测颗粒过滤器13之前和之后的压差ΔP。接下来,在步骤125,判断压差ΔP是否超过容许值PX。当ΔP>PX时,所述程序进入执行颗粒过滤器13的升温控制的步骤126。
Claims (8)
1、一种压燃式内燃机的排气净化装置,在内燃机排气通道中布置颗粒过滤器,在所述颗粒过滤器下游的所述内燃机排气通道中形成再循环废气出口并且从所述再循环废气出口排出的废气再循环进入内燃机进气通道,其中所述排气净化装置在所述再循环废气出口下游的所述内燃机排气通道中布置了还原剂供给阀和NOX存储催化剂,所述NOX存储催化剂在流入的废气的空燃比稀时存储包含在所述废气中的NOX并且在所述流入的废气的所述空燃比变为理论空燃比或变浓时释放被存储的NOX,并且在NOX应当从所述NOX存储催化剂中被释放出时,还原剂从所述还原剂供给阀被供应到所述排气通道中以使得流入所述NOX存储催化剂的所述废气的所述空燃比暂时变浓。
2、如权利要求1所述的压燃式内燃机的排气净化装置,其中能够捕集包含在所述废气中的SOX的SOX捕集催化剂被布置在所述再循环废气出口上游的所述内燃机排气通道中。
3、如权利要求2所述的压燃式内燃机的排气净化装置,其中所述SOX捕集催化剂包括形成在催化剂载体上的涂层和携带在所述涂层上的贵金属催化剂,并且其中碱金属、碱土金属或稀土金属被包含并且散布在所述涂层中。
4、如权利要求2所述的压燃式内燃机的排气净化装置,其中所述SOX捕集催化剂具有当流入所述SOX捕集催化剂的所述废气的所述空燃比稀时捕集包含在所述废气中的SOX并且当所述SOX捕集催化剂的温度在所述废气的稀空燃比条件下升高时使得被捕集的SOX在所述NOX捕集催化剂中逐渐扩散的特性,并且具有当流入所述SOX捕集催化剂的所述废气的所述空燃比变浓时如果所述SOX捕集催化剂的温度是SOX释放温度或更高则释放被捕集的SOX的特性,并且所述排气净化装置包括空燃比控制器件和估算器件,所述空燃比控制器件用于在内燃机运转期间维持流入所述SOX捕集催化剂的所述废气的所述空燃比为稀而不允许其变浓,所述估算器件用于估算表示所述SOX捕集催化剂处捕集到的SOX与所述废气中包含的所述SOX的比的SOX捕集率,当所述SOX捕集率降到预定比率之下时,所述SOX捕集催化剂的所述温度在所述废气的稀空燃比的条件下被升高,以恢复所述SOX捕集率。
5、如权利要求4所述的压燃式内燃机的排气净化装置,其中被所述SOX捕集催化剂捕集的SOX量被估算,当被所述SOX捕集催化剂捕集到的SOX量超过预定量时判断为所述SOX捕集率降到预定比率之下,这时,所述SOX捕集催化剂的所述温度在所述废气的稀空燃比条件下被升高以恢复所述SOX捕集率。
6、如权利要求5所述的压燃式内燃机的排气净化装置,其中所述预定量随着用于恢复所述SOX捕集率的处理次数的增加而增加,并且所述处理次数越多,该预定量的增长率降低。
7、如权利要求4所述的压燃式内燃机的排气净化装置,其中能够检测所述废气中的SOX浓度的SOX传感器被布置在所述SOX捕集催化剂下游的所述排气通道中,并且从所述SOX传感器的输出信号计算SOX捕集率。
8、如权利要求7所述的压燃式内燃机的排气净化装置,当被所述SOX传感器检测到的所述废气中的SOX浓度超过预定浓度时,判断为所述SOX捕集率降到预定比率之下,这时,所述SOX捕集催化剂的所述温度在所述废气的稀空燃比条件下被升高以恢复所述SOX捕集率。
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DE102008041530A1 (de) * | 2008-08-25 | 2010-03-04 | Dirk Dombrowski | Verfahren und Abgasanlage zur Reinigung SOx-haltiger Abgase, insbesondere von Schiffsbrennkraftmaschinen |
US9003792B2 (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2015-04-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Exhaust aftertreatment and exhaust gas recirculation systems |
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JP3118393B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-21 | 2000-12-18 | シャープ株式会社 | 差動増幅回路 |
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JP4000987B2 (ja) | 2002-10-29 | 2007-10-31 | 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 | 圧縮着火式内燃機関 |
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JP2004301127A (ja) * | 2004-05-31 | 2004-10-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US7107764B1 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2006-09-19 | Caterpillar Inc. | Exhaust treatment system |
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