CN101392812A - Centrifugal type antiknock combustion fly wheel of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a centrifugal 'detonating combustion' resistant flywheel for an internal-combustion engine. Cylindrical deep holes which are symmetrically and evenly distributed with certain depth are arranged on the circumferential surface of a solid disc of the flywheel; and a lower spring, a cylindrical weight, an upper spring and a gasket are arranged in the deep holes, and are fixed by a retainer ring. The invention is based on 'detonating combustion' which is an innovation theory provided by physical causes, and adopts practical technology of mechanical theory, thereby ensuring that explosive force and a bent axle of an engine runs synchronously with force and angular velocity of rotary inertia of the flywheel, reducing the correction of ignition advancing, improving the efficiency of output force, realizing the synchronization of oil consumption, torque and power of the engine along with rotating speed variation, and improving the effective thermal efficiency of the engine by over 30 percent. The flywheel can be applied to: (1) increase of compression ratio for the engine; and (2) improvement of the flywheel of the prior engine.

Description

Centrifugal type antiknock combustion fly wheel of internal combustion engine

The present invention relates to the structure of a kind of internal-combustion engine anti-" knocking combustion ".

The invention of internal-combustion engine and application are to be based upon on the Principles of Internal-Combustion Engine basis, Principles of Internal-Combustion Engine are to be based upon transformation of energy and conservation law, on the thermodynamic theories basis of first, second law of thermomechanics, experience following process: 18th century were set up transformation of energy and conservation law---and various energy can be changed mutually, but their total amount remains unchanged.Thomson had been set up the first law of thermodynamics in 1851, formula: △ u=△ Q+ △ A, the variation of the energy=system capacity of input system+system output energy is the concrete form of transformation of energy and conservation law in the thermal motion.18 beginnings of the century, the Kano is in depth studied the steam engine theory, when improving efficiency of heat engine how, he has bypassed various concrete structures and real process, according to the caloic conservation law, formed Carnot's cycle in a Utopian adiabatic compression, constant temperature heating, adiabatic expansion, four reversible processes of constant temperature heat release, set up the second law of thermodynamics---the maximal efficiency of any hot machine is all less than 1, and formula is as follows:

η＝1-T ₂/T ₁

In the formula: T ₁---high temperature heat source temperature, T ₂---low temperature pyrogen temperature

After dying 20 years in the Kano, Alto and Daimler are according to the Kano thermodynamic theories, having invented with gasoline and air mixing is flammable working medium, with the connecting rod is driving mechanism, the igniting type petrol engine of air inlet, compression, work done, exhaust four-journey, Descartes has invented the compression-ignited diesel engine of four-journey subsequently.They have made major contribution to the birth of internal-combustion engine.The experience people are perfect gradually to internal-combustion engine, invented from formula electronic spark advance controlling device, and vacuum firing shifts to an earlier date controlling device and octane corrector ... Deng.Since the seventies in 20th century, adopt computer control straight spray combustion control system down, make the internal-combustion engine effective thermal efficiency by the invention initial stage less than 10%, bring up to petrol engine about 40%, diesel engine about 45% has been realized energy saving and has been reduced the purpose of pollution.

Principles of Internal-Combustion Engine think that the way that improves internal combustion engine thermal efficiency is to improve the compression ratio (expansion ratio) of motor.When increasing compression ratio, petrol engine will produce " knocking combustion ", for avoiding " knocking combustion " damage to motor, anti-knock sensor is installed on engine cylinder-body, and when " knocking combustion " occurring, control system reduces fuel injection quantity automatically and revises ignition advance angle.

Principles of Internal-Combustion Engine think that it is chemical reason that motor produces " knocking combustion ", are that working medium flamjne front expansion in combustion process produces.

The Tai Leshi of masschusetts, u.s.a Polytechnics brother " Principles of Internal-Combustion Engine " book of showing pointed out that it was physical cause that internal-combustion engine produces " knocking combustion ", is not chemical reason in 1938.This aviation system of book nineteen fifty Tsing-Hua University translates, and associating publishing house in gantry printes and distribute publication.

The internal combustion engine flywheel structure, as accompanying drawing 1, present technology " internal combustion engine flywheel structural drawing ", data source are compiled when studying carefully by Jilin Industry University is teaching and research in " automobile construction " the 36th page, and People's Transportation Press published in 1978.Flywheel is by the cast iron manufacturing, itself is a solid garden dish with suitable large rotating inertia, is fixed by bolts on the crankshaft rear end flange.Wheel action is: when the energy surplus of work done stroke bent axle gained, flywheel obtains acceleration, and increases its power m ω ²/ 2, and store, when energy shortage, flywheel drives the resistance that connecting rod is crossed top dead center and overcome each inoperative stroke by the power that gathers, and lowers the rotating speed of self simultaneously.The rotary inertia of flywheel and quality are a constant, and when flywheel mass was big more, then the variation of angular velocity of crankshaft ω was more little.

The inventor produces query since 2000 to Principles of Internal-Combustion Engine and law of universal gravitation, when motor is developed, carry out the exploration of theoretical side, the experience theory ← → true circulation repeatedly, show into " material (energy) brief history " book, this book part content has proposed following view to Principles of Internal-Combustion Engine, thermodynamic theories:

One. the particular characteristic that the earth had

The universe and the earth do not exist gravitation and gravity field, only have electromagnetic force (Coulomb force) and static electromagnetic field.The earth is to have power source (power layer), the gap, magnetic field is 25 kms, spheroidal motor in the regular operation of the solar system, the machinery inertial cording that is " gravity state ", " hot state ", " having water " uniform motion has mechanical energy: air has pressure, gravity, and object has gravity (entad inertial force) and mechanical potential.Under above conditionality, the generation of any energy of earth scope all can not be created groundless rumors, the motion and standstill of any object (material) does not have spontaneity, so, transformation of energy and conservation law, first, second law of thermomechanics have all broken away from and had material, material produce power and motion, quality naturally is the form of expression of energy, this brass tacks of the form of expression that energy is quality equally, represents the rule that conversion process of energy should be observed qualitatively.

Two. material (energy) conversion conservation first law---various materials (energy) can be changed mutually, but their total amount remains unchanged: the mutual conversion of any form energy all is the conversion of material (energy) power (mechanical force, electromagnetic force) or heat, the while conservation, show with following formula table:

m△u＝m△q

The quality kinetic energy m △ q (momentum, heat) of mass-energy m △ u (interior energy, the heat)=mechanism of input mechanism or system's material or system's output material

Three. material (energy) conversion conservation second law---the earth is to exist heat (temperature) to have the machinery inertial system of power (pressure, gravity, mechanical potential), all there is the drag effect of air pressure, gravity in any type of motion, the mutual frictional loss of object, so, the maximal efficiency of any mechanism or system is shown with following formula table less than 1:

M △ u=p+m △ q, maximal efficiency η=1-p/m △ u＜1.

The quality kinetic energy m △ q (momentum, heat) of mass-energy m △ u (interior energy, the heat)=mechanism of input mechanism or system's material or energy P (mechanical force, electromagnetic force, the heat)+mechanism of system loss or system's output material

First, second law of above material (energy) conversion conservation has comprised existing transformation of energy and conservation law, the rule that the mutual transfer processes of field energy such as the related machinery of first, second law of thermomechanics, heat, electricity, magnetic, biology, chemistry should be followed.

Four. the neodoxy that proposes in theory according to the present invention, following analysis is done in thermal procession to internal-combustion engine:

Motor is to have the gasoline of heat energy, the diesel oil and the heat energy of not having have pressure and gravity, the air that contains oxygen is a medium, be mixed into a certain proportion of flammable working medium, with the connecting rod is driving mechanism, with gasoline, the mass-energy m △ u (heat) of diesel oil, by advancing, press, quick-fried, row's thermal procession, has narrow limitation, directivity, do not have a reversibility, in the quick-fried burning chamber and cylinder of certain stroke, disposable burning outburst, produce pressure maximum and maximum temperature simultaneously, form pressure difference and temperature difference with the air that has pressure and temperature around the motor, the transport velocity of pressure is faster than decrease of temperature speed.The transfer that the effect of temperature difference promotes heat down is existing picture, and the transfer that the effect of pressure difference (power) promotes heat down is an essence: the thermal expansion work done is existing picture, and the pressure of explosion work done is an essence.In the earth has the machinery inertial system of power and heat, air has heat (temperature) and power (pressure, gravity), the substance combustion process is seen by high temperature heat source from phenomenon and is shifted from the trend low-temperature heat source, its essence is that the power (pressure) that the substance combustion process produces must overcome power (pressure, gravity) the formation pressure difference that air has, under the effect of power (pressure), promote the transfer of heat, so, high temperature heat source shifts to low-temperature heat source does not have a spontaneity, has the form of expression of power (pressure) when being substance combustion.Power (pressure) and heat (temperature) that any hot machine working medium produces when burning are not proportional mutually, it is non-equivalence, relevant with the compression ratio of hot machine, can not shift synchronously simultaneously, be the transfer that power (pressure) effect promotes heat (temperature) down equally, comprise that the Ideal Cycle of Kano all has same nature.

Thermodynamic Process of Engine is shown with following formula table: mq=mq ₁[kilocalorie]

In the formula: m---the quality (kilogram) of working medium, the heat (kcal/kg) that q---working medium unit mass produces, q ₁---the heat (kcal/kg) that the working medium unit mass discharges, q=q ₁, mq---the total amount of heat (kilocalorie) of working medium input motor, mq ₁---the total amount of heat that motor discharges comprises motor mechanisms diabatic process, cooling system, the net quantity of heat (kilocalorie) that exhaust process discharged.

The pressure that the engine working substance burning produces is converted to outputting power, shows with following formula table:

P _i＝Pm+Ps[kw]

In the formula: P _i---the merit that the motor mean indicated pressure is had is the indicated power of motor

Pm---engine mechanical wasted power: (1) frictional loss; (2) loss of driving annex; (3) pumping loss, the merit that is consumed in the inlet and outlet; (4) merit that consumed of connecting rod transmission efficiency,

Ps---effective engine power, the mass-energy m △ u (gravity, mechanical potential) of output rotating moving parts such as connecting rod, flywheel is converted to the merit that quality kinetic energy m △ q (mechanical energy) is had, m △ u=m △ q.

Engine working process is followed first, second law of material (energy) conversion conservation:

Suppose working medium perfect combustion in thermal procession, produce power (pressure) and heat (temperature) simultaneously, do not have output mechanical energy (power) under any mechanical loss ideal condition, formula is as follows:

Energy substance mass-energy mq=quality kinetic energy=mq ₁(release heat)=indicated power P _iMass-energy m △ u (gravity, the mechanical potential)=quality kinetic energy m △ q (mechanical energy) of (merit that mean indicated pressure had)=output object bent axle and flywheel etc.

M △ q (mechanical energy)/mq (heat)=1.

Engine mechanical efficiency (effective thermal efficiency) η=1-(P _N+ P _m)/P _i=P _S/ P _i＜1

In the formula: P _N---working medium firing effect, P _N=1-mq ₁/ mq 〉=0, P when working medium perfect combustion _N=0, P when working medium is imperfect combustion _N0, P _m---mechanical loss power, P _i---indicated power, P _S---useful horsepower.

Above formula explanation: improving engine mechanical efficiency (effective thermal efficiency) is the firing effect that improves working medium, reduces mechanical loss power.The firing effect of working medium is relevant with engine compression ratio.Engine mechanical efficiency (effective thermal efficiency) is irrelevant with working medium combustion temperature change procedure.

At present, adopt motoring breakdown, the cylinder method of going out detection of engine mechanical loss power, motor detects useful horsepower when work, mutual cylinder pressure difference, differ greatly, gained goes out motor mechanical loss power, mechanical efficiency and does not have an authenticity, can not reflect the influence of connecting rod transmission efficiency to engine thermal efficiency.

Above analytical proof, internal-combustion engine is to follow the above theoretical point view of the present invention, that is: material (energy) is changed conservation first, second law, be in the process of conservation, to change, conservation in the process of conversion, because process and time is asymmetric, the total value of power (pressure) increases outputting power under the rule of conservation, the total value of heat (temperature) also increases under the rule of conservation, is released in the low-temperature heat source air, can not be with air heat (temperature) trend maximum value, can not tend to mean value yet, can only form the high temperature heat source of terrestrial space, there is not the physical energy of entropy in contaminated air simultaneously.

Above analytical proof, belong to the thermodynamic study scope before the working medium burning outburst, after the working medium burning outburst is the transmission of power (pressure), belong to the mechanics study scope, the conversion of the essence of internal combustion engine and the same power of being of mechanical transmission, so Principles of Internal-Combustion Engine should comprise thermodynamic theories, the Der Grundsatz der Maschinen theory.The popular explanation of internal combustion engine process is: a Buddhist monk (working medium) creativity, a Buddhist monk (mechanism) transmission power, adopt Buddhist monk's water lift, a Buddhist monk carries water, the relay conversion regime is mechanism's output mechanical energy outputting power that object had with the thermal power transfer of energy substance, certainly exists loss and asynchronous.Having only mechanism is straight line motion, and transmission efficiency is 1, and the hot working fluid inflation process could realize water lift (creativity) and the synchronous conversion of (transmission power) power of carrying water, and has frictional loss simultaneously.When mechanism adopts connecting rod, certainly exist mechanism driving efficient, frictional loss, creativity and the nonsynchronous influence of transmission power.Internal combustion engine thermal efficiency and mechanism driving efficient are irrelevant, are theoretic mistakes.

Above analytical proof, the change procedure of the size of internal combustion engine thermal efficiency and temperature (heat) is irrelevant, and with the power (pressure) of working medium firing effect generation, the frictional loss of mechanism, transmission efficiency is relevant.

Five. internal-combustion engine is produced the analysis of " knocking combustion " according to mechanics principle

1, the conversion relation of explosive force during the motor work done, accompanying drawing 2, motor expansion space stroke explosive force analysis chart, among the figure 1---cylinder, 2---piston, 3---wrist pin, 4---connecting rod, 5---crank pin, 6---bent axle, β---connecting rod and cylinder axis angle, α---crank angle.

In expansion space stroke, gas pressure is to promote the power that piston moves downward.At this moment the maximum combustion pressure of explosion that produces of firing chamber acts directly on piston head, and establishing the explosive force that piston bears is P (input power), passes on the wrist pin, can be decomposed into P ₁And P ₂Component P ₂Piston is pressed to cylinder wall, form the side pressure of piston and cylinder wall.Component P ₁Pass to connecting rod by wrist pin, and along the connecting rod directive effect on crank pin.P ₁Maybe can be decomposed into two component P ₃And T.Component P along the crank direction ₃Make crankshaft main journal and main bearing produce impacting force.The component T vertical with crank produces the impacting force except making main journal and main bearing, or crank is formed moment of torsion M=TR, promotes crankshaft rotating, and T is an ouput force.

More than various power, the Changing Pattern in the process of expansion space stroke is as follows:

Explosive force P: After Top Center, burning maximal pressure force is maximum, and along with the increase of crank angle, volume of cylinder increases, and P begins rapid decline by maximum, when piston arrives before bottom dead center, is minimum when exhaust valve is opened.

Side pressure of piston P ₂: After Top Center, during burning outburst maximal pressure force, P ₂Be minimum, along with the increase P of crank angle ₂By little increase, when piston arrives before bottom dead center, before exhaust valve is opened, P ₂Be maximum,

Bent axle positive pressure P ₃: behind last ending, during burning outburst maximal pressure force, P ₃Be maximum, along with the increase of crank angle, P ₃Descending, when opening, exhaust valve is minimum.

Ouput force T: piston behind last end, T minimum during burning outburst maximal pressure force, with the increase of crank angle, T increases gradually, T is for maximum when crank angle is 90 °.

Find out from above analysis: the connecting rod motor working stroke, P by greatly-→ little, P ₂By little-→ big, P ₃By greatly-→ little, T by little-→ big.P wherein ₂, P ₃Be loss.

According to above analysis, related parameter is arranged with Santana's motor: cylinder diameter Φ 81, stroke 86.4, length of connecting rod 142, crank throw 43.2 calculates crank angle α=15 with following formula ⁰When (pressure of explosion point), P ₁, P ₂, P ₃, the T relevant data is as follows:

$P_1=\frac{P}{\cos \mathrm{\&beta;}}=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="P\; cos"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}{\cos }=1.0024P$

P ₂＝Ptgβ＝Ptg4 ⁰＝0.0669P

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="P"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_3=P\frac{\cos (\mathrm{\&beta;}+\mathrm{\&alpha;})}{\cos \mathrm{\&beta;}}=P\frac{\cos (4^0+{15}^0)}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="cos"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cos</figure-callout>}4}^0}=0.9478P$

$T=P\frac{\sin (\mathrm{\&beta;}+\mathrm{\&alpha;})}{\cos \mathrm{\&beta;}}=P\frac{\sin (4^0+{15}^0)}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="cos"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cos</figure-callout>}4}^0}=0.3263P$

Above data declaration: (1) pressure of explosion point is at crank angle 15 ⁰The time, ouput force T is for being 1/3 of explosive force P, explosive force P95% acts on bent axle and the cylinder body.(2) when breaking out the force less than crank angle 15 ⁰The time, explosive force P will all act on bent axle and the cylinder body.

2, crank and connecting rod movement track, as accompanying drawing 3, the crank and connecting rod movement trajectory diagram is among the figure: S-stroke, S ₁-last half trip, S ₂-following half trip.

As accompanying drawing 3, piston linear reciprocating motion and crankshaft rotating the motion track of motion mutually are similar to sinusoidal cam corridor line, and angular velocity more arbitrarily is not all variable, first stroke piston displacement distance S ₁Greater than following half trip S ₂, the angular velocity minimum during upper and lower stop.

Analyze according to above (1), (2), the reason that motor car engine produces " knocking combustion " is as follows: (1) is crossed when slow when engine ignition, the time (speed) of working medium burning outburst lags behind, the force and the angular velocity of explosive force P and connecting rod and Rotary Inertia of Flywheel are asynchronous, the pressure of explosion P that produces during acceleration reduces, working medium incomplete combustion, outlet pipe over-emitting black exhaust, oil consumption increases, and power character descends.(2) when advance angle of engine ignition is best, time (speed) the best of working medium burning outburst, the force and the angular velocity of explosive force P and connecting rod and Rotary Inertia of Flywheel are synchronous, the pressure of explosion maximum that working medium burning outburst produces, the working medium firing effect is best, oil consumption reduces, power character the best.Because the rotary inertia (moment of flywheel) of engine flywheel is a constant, too small or mistake mostly will influence consumption minimization, acceleration performance and the peak output of motor.Can only select a best design parameter during design, obtain the output torque (TXR) an of the best, so Rotary Inertia of Flywheel is excessive during low speed, oil consumption increases, and is too small during high speed, and when engine speed surpassed a certain speed, output torque (TXR) is very fast to descend.When engine output increases from low speed, because moment of torsion (TXR) and rotating speed increase simultaneously, output power rises rapidly, after peaking, continue raising speed again, output power rising gradual slow is if rotating speed rises again, because the reduction of moment of torsion (TXR) has surpassed the influence that rotating speed rises, output power descends on the contrary.The consumption minimization of motor is near Maximum Torque (TXR) speed.So, the consumption minimization that the engine test bench characteristic curve is reflected, Maximum Torque (TXR), peak output occur when different rotating speeds, reflect that simultaneously the rotary inertia of explosive force P and bent axle and flywheel is asynchronous.(3) when advance angle of engine ignition is too early, explosive force P is converted to ouput force T and reduces, bent axle positive pressure P3 increases, and acts directly on bent axle and the cylinder body, the conversion disorder of explosive force P occurs, the hurried increase of corresponding pressure of explosion and combustion temperature, explosive force P and temperature can not very fast transfers, vicious circle occurs, and engine temperature raises, serious mechanical knock and vibration occur, produce " knocking combustion ".(4) when automobile running, gear shift when not anxious drags shelves to travel, and motor will produce " knocking combustion ", and its reason is that explosive force P is subjected to the output resistance effect, the transmission obstacle of explosive force P occurs, has same nature with the too early time generation of igniting " knocking combustion ".(5) when motor increases compression ratio, the velocity of combustion of working medium (time) shifts to an earlier date, and explosive force P increases, and will produce " knocking combustion ", and its reason and igniting produce " knocking combustion " when too early and have same nature.

According to above analytical proof: (1) internal-combustion engine explosive force P is a variable, and when the rotary inertia of flywheel (moment of flywheel) was a constant, the maximum value of pressure of explosion point was constant (α=15 ⁰About) time, it is to be restricted that internal-combustion engine increases compression ratio, and a maximum value is arranged.(2) existing Principles of Internal-Combustion Engine adopt thermodynamic theories to the transfer process of engine flare power P, combustion process to working medium is analyzed, the reason that produces " knocking combustion " is chemical reason, it is the phenomenon of reflection " knocking combustion ", its essence is physical cause, should analyze and study the transfer process of explosive force P by Der Grundsatz der Maschinen.(3) increase engine compression ratio, the unique way of raising engine thermal efficiency is that the rotary inertia (moment of flywheel) of flywheel is a variable, realizes that the force and the angular velocity of explosive force P and bent axle and Rotary Inertia of Flywheel is synchronous.

Six. the present invention's's " centrifugal type antiknock combustion fly wheel of internal combustion engine " structure

The above theoretical point view according to the present invention, internal-combustion engine produce " knocking combustion " and belong to physical cause, have only the theory of mechanics of employing to go to deal with problems, and are starting points of the present invention.According to Der Grundsatz der Maschinen, moment of flywheel=0.5GD ²(G-weight in the formula, D-diameter) correlation when the pouring weight of same weight will produce different moment of flywheel during at the flywheel different-diameter, is by 0.5D ²Relationship change.In the flywheel solid body or the flywheel non-operative end surface a plurality of symmetries and uniform pouring weight, spring are installed, when the rotating speed of flywheel by low → during High variation, pouring weight is under centrifugal action, the effect that overcomes spring is outwards moved, pouring weight present position diameter increases, and the moment of flywheel of flywheel increases; When the rotating speed of flywheel by high → during low the variation, the centrifugal force of pouring weight reduces, and pouring weight moves inward under the effect of spring, and pouring weight present position diameter reduces, the moment of flywheel of flywheel reduces, the angular velocity and the force synchronous operation of explosive force P and bent axle and flywheel when realizing engine operation.Working principle is the same with the centrifugal electronic spark advance controlling device of available engine.

Also can adopt mercury than great in the above structure, have mobile characteristics, fill the mercury of constant weight at the cylindrical deep hole cavity of resorption of flywheel, 2 one-way valves that direction is opposite are installed, under the flywheel action of centrifugal force, change the flow direction of mercury, regulate the moment of flywheel of flywheel.

Seven. the present invention's's " centrifugal type antiknock combustion fly wheel of internal combustion engine " superiority

The present invention is that a kind of utility structure is reasoned out in theory innovation, have only through experiment, select rational design parameter, guarantee the force and the angular velocity synchronous operation of explosive force P and bent axle and Rotary Inertia of Flywheel, reduce the electronic spark advance reduction value, improve the efficient of ouput force T, realize that engine consumption, moment of torsion, power are synchronous with change in rotational speed, avoid the generation of " knocking combustion ", the effective thermal efficiency that improves motor can be applicable to more than 30%: (1) motor increases compression ratio.(2) improvement of available engine flywheel.

Eight. the present invention improves the theoretical foundation of internal-combustion engine effective thermal efficiency more than 30%:

According to Fig. 2, during α=0-90 ° of calculation engine expansion space stroke, the connecting rod transmission efficiency is as follows:

Among the Δ ABC, get by sine

$\frac{R}{\sin \mathrm{\&beta;}}=\frac{b}{\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}}\&DoubleRightArrow;\sin \mathrm{\&beta;}=\frac{R\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}}{b}$

$\cos \mathrm{\&beta;}=\sqrt{1-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}}^2\mathrm{\&beta;}}$

$=\sqrt{1-{\left(\frac{R\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}}{b}\right)}^2}$

Among the Δ CDE, ∵ $\sin (\mathrm{\&alpha;}+\mathrm{\&beta;})=\frac{T}{P_1}$

∴ $T=P_1\sin (\mathrm{\&alpha;}+\mathrm{\&beta;})=\frac{P}{\cos \mathrm{\&beta;}}(\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}\cos \mathrm{\&beta;}+\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}\sin \mathrm{\&beta;})$

$=P\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}+P\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}\frac{\sin \mathrm{\&beta;}}{\cos \mathrm{\&beta;}}$

$=P\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}+P\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}\frac{R\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}}{\sqrt{b^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}}^2\mathrm{\&alpha;}}}$

$\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{T}={{\&Integral;}_0^{\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2}}\mathrm{Td\&alpha;}=\&Integral;}_b^{\sqrt{b^2-R^2}}(P\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}+\frac{\mathrm{RP}\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}}{\sqrt{b^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}}^2\mathrm{\&alpha;}}})\mathrm{d\&alpha;}$

Order $\sqrt{b^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}}^2\mathrm{\&alpha;}}=t$

$\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}=\sqrt{\frac{b^2-t^2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{b^2-t^2}}{R}$

$\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}=\sqrt{1-\frac{b^2-t^2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{{R^2-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}}^2+t^2}}{R}$

$\mathrm{\&alpha;}=\arcsin \frac{\sqrt{b^2-t^2}}{R}$

As α=0, t=b

$\mathrm{\&alpha;}=\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2},$ $t=\sqrt{b^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^2}$

$\mathrm{d\&alpha;}=d\left(\arcsin \frac{\sqrt{b^2-t^2}}{R}\right)=\frac{\frac{1}{2}\&CenterDot;\frac{-2t}{\sqrt{b^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^2}}\&CenterDot;\mathrm{dt}}{\sqrt{1-{\left(\frac{\sqrt{b^2-t^2}}{R}\right)}^2}}$

$={\&Integral;}_b^{\sqrt{b^2-R^2}}(P\&CenterDot;\frac{\sqrt{b^2-t^2}}{R}+P\&CenterDot;R\&CenterDot;\frac{\frac{\sqrt{b^2-t^2}}{R}\&CenterDot;\frac{\sqrt{R^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}}^2+t^2}}{R}}{t})\frac{\frac{1}{2}\&CenterDot;\frac{-2t}{\sqrt{b^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^2}}}{\sqrt{1-{\left(\frac{\sqrt{b^2-t^2}}{R}\right)}^2}}\mathrm{dt}$

$={-P\&Integral;}_b^{\sqrt{b^2-R^2}}(\frac{\sqrt{b^2-t^2}}{R}+\frac{\sqrt{b^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^2}\&CenterDot;\sqrt{R^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^2}}{\mathrm{Rt}})\frac{t}{\sqrt{R^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^2\&CenterDot;}\sqrt{b^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^2}}\mathrm{dt}$

$=-\frac{P}{R}{\&Integral;}_b^{\sqrt{b^2-R^2}}(\frac{t}{\sqrt{R^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^2}}+1)\mathrm{dt}$

$=-\frac{P}{2R}{\&Integral;}_b^{\sqrt{b^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^2}}\frac{1}{\sqrt{R^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}}^2+t^2}}d(R^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}}^2+t^2)-\frac{P}{R}\&CenterDot;t{|}_b^{\sqrt{b^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^2}}$

$=-\frac{P}{2R}\&CenterDot;2\sqrt{R^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^2}{|}_b^{\sqrt{b^2-R^2}}-\frac{P}{R}(\sqrt{b^2-R^2}-b)$

$=-\frac{P}{R}(\sqrt{R^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}}^2+b^2-R^2}-\sqrt{R^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="A200810069790E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}}^2+b^2})-\frac{P\sqrt{b^2-R^2}}{R}+\frac{\mathrm{Pb}}{R}$

$=\frac{P}{R}(R+b-\sqrt{b^2-R^2})$

Transmission efficiency $\mathrm{\&eta;}=\frac{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{T}}{P}=\frac{\frac{\&Integral;\mathrm{Td\&alpha;}}{\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2}}}{P}=\frac{2}{\mathrm{\&pi;}}\&CenterDot;\frac{R+b-\sqrt{b^2-R^2}}{R}$

With the relevant calculation of parameter of Santana's motor:

Transmission efficiency $\mathrm{\&eta;}=\frac{2}{\mathrm{\&pi;}}\&CenterDot;\frac{43.2+142-\sqrt{{\left(142\right)}^2-{\left(43.2\right)}^2}}{43.2}=0.7363$

At present, well behaved motor adopts and goes out cylinder method, mechanical loss power that motoring breakdown is surveyed in the 0.1-0.2 scope.Suppose working medium perfect combustion, input engine power=Pi (indicated power)/mq (heat)=1, engine mechanical efficiency (effective thermal efficiency)=transmission efficiency-mechanical loss power,---0.74-0.1=0.54---0.64 as follows: 0.74-0.2

The transfer process of available engine material (energy) power is as follows: rotating speed is by low → height---oil inlet quantity by few → many---gasoline, the mass-energy m △ u (heat) of diesel oil by little → big---the pressure of explosion that produces in the firing chamber of same compression ratio by little → big, be converted to---the mass-energy m △ u (gravity of rotating parts such as bent axle and flywheel, mechanical potential, moment of flywheel is a constant)=quality kinetic energy m △ q (mechanical energy) is ascending---adopt the electronic spark advance reduction value to guarantee that the force and the angular velocity of explosive force P and quality kinetic energy m △ q (mechanical energy) rotary inertia are synchronous, produce simultaneously---oil consumption, moment of torsion, power is asynchronous with rotation speed change---and the motor effective thermal efficiency is about 40%.

The transfer process of motor material of the present invention (energy) power is as follows: rotating speed is by low → height---oil inlet quantity by few → many---gasoline, the mass-energy m △ u (heat) of diesel oil by little → big---the pressure of explosion that produces in the firing chamber of same compression ratio by little → big, being converted to---(gravity is constant to the mass-energy m △ u of rotating parts such as bent axle and flywheel, mechanical potential and moment of flywheel are variable)=quality kinetic energy m △ q (mechanical energy) by little → big---reduce the electronic spark advance amount, improve the efficient of ouput force T, the force and the angular velocity that guarantee explosive force P and quality kinetic energy m △ q (mechanical energy) rotary inertia are synchronous---realize oil consumption, moment of torsion, power is synchronous with change in rotational speed---and the motor effective thermal efficiency is 54-64%, improves more than 30% than available engine effective thermal efficiency.

Accompanying drawing 1-5

Fig. 1. be by prior art " internal combustion engine flywheel structural drawing ".

Fig. 2. internal-combustion engine expansion space stroke explosive force analysis chart.

Fig. 3. the crank and connecting rod movement trajectory diagram.

Fig. 4. be the first embodiment of the present invention, " centrifugal type antiknock combustion fly wheel of internal combustion engine ", A type structure diagram.

Fig. 5. be the second embodiment of the present invention, " centrifugal type antiknock combustion fly wheel of internal combustion engine ", Type B structure diagram.

Fig. 6. be the third embodiment of the present invention, " centrifugal type antiknock combustion fly wheel of internal combustion engine ", C type structure diagram.

Below with reference to accompanying drawing concrete structure of the present invention is further described:

Fig. 4, showed the first embodiment of the present invention, in A type embodiment, be processed with certain depth at engine flywheel 7 circumferential surfaces, the cylindrical deep hole that a plurality of symmetries are uniform is equipped with cylindrical pouring weight 8 in deep hole, in the lower end of cylindrical pouring weight 8 lower spring 9 is installed, the upper end is equipped with upper spring 10, and with packing ring 11, back-up ring 12 is fixing.When flywheel 7 during by low speed → high-speed motion, cylindrical pouring weight overcomes the effect of upper spring 10 under centrifugal action, outwards move a certain distance, and the moment of flywheel of flywheel 7 increases; When flywheel 7 during by high speed → low-speed motion, cylindrical pouring weight centrifugal force reduces, and under the effect of upper spring 10, moves inward certain distance, and the moment of flywheel of flywheel 7 reduces; When flywheel 7 stop motions, cylindrical pouring weight 8 returns to original state under spring 9,10 effects.

The quantity of cylindrical pouring weight 8, weight, proportion are selected according to engine performance in the above structure, and flywheel 7 should carry out dynamic balance calibration.

Fig. 5, showed the second embodiment of the present invention, in Type B embodiment, it is uniform to be processed with a plurality of symmetries in engine flywheel 7 non-operative end surface, the special impression that certain depth is arranged, special-shaped pouring weight 13 is installed in flywheel 7 grooves, special-shaped pouring weight 13 left ends link to each other with pin 14, with packing ring 15, lock pin 16 is fixing, and pin 14 lower ends are fixed on flywheel 7 relevant positions, special-shaped pouring weight 13 left ends link to each other with left spring 17, left spring 17 lower ends are connected with flywheel 7 relevant positions, and special-shaped pouring weight 13 right-hand members link to each other with right spring 18, and right spring 18 lower ends are connected with flywheel 7 relevant positions.When flywheel 7 during by low speed → high-speed motion, special-shaped pouring weight is under centrifugal action, the effect that overcomes spring 17,18 outwards moves a certain distance, the moment of flywheel of flywheel 7 increases: when flywheel 7 during by high speed → low-speed motion, special-shaped pouring weight centrifugal force reduces, under spring 17,18 effects, move inward certain distance, the moment of flywheel of flywheel 7 reduces; When flywheel 7 stop motions, special-shaped pouring weight returns to original state under spring 17,18 effects.

The quantity of special-shaped pouring weight 13, weight, proportion are selected according to engine performance in the above structure, and flywheel 7 should carry out dynamic balance calibration.

Fig. 6, showed the third embodiment of the present invention, in C type embodiment, be added with certain depth at engine flywheel 7 circumferential surfaces, the cylinder circle deep hole that a plurality of symmetries are uniform, at the deep hole cavity of resorption constant weight and mobile mercury 19 are housed, with dividing plate 20 sealings, fixing with back-up ring 21 simultaneously, left one-way valve 22 (going out), right one-way valve 23 (advancing) are installed on dividing plate 20, leave certain space at dividing plate 20 epicoeles, sealed cover 24 is equipped with on the top, and is fixing with back-up ring 25.When flywheel during by low speed → high-speed motion, upwards cavity space is mobile by left one-way valve 22 under centrifugal action for mercury 19, the moment of flywheel of flywheel 7 increases: when flywheel during by high speed → low-speed motion, the centrifugal force of mercury 19 reduces, mercury 19 is under the self gravitation effect, flow back to cavity of resorption by right one-way valve, the moment of flywheel of flywheel 7 reduces; When flywheel 7 stop motions, mercury 19 all flows back to cavity of resorption by right one-way valve 23 under the self gravitation effect, return to original state.

The quantity and weight of mercury 19 is selected according to engine performance in the above structure, and flywheel 7 should carry out dynamic balance calibration.

Claims (3)

1. one kind " centrifugal type antiknock combustion fly wheel of internal combustion engine ", A type structure comprises flywheel, cylindrical pouring weight, upper spring, lower spring, packing ring, back-up ring, it is characterized in that: it is uniform to be processed with a plurality of symmetries at the solid disk circumferential surface of flywheel (7), and the cylindrical deep hole of certain depth is arranged, and at the cylindrical deep hole of flywheel (7) lower spring (9) is installed, cylindrical pouring weight (8), upper spring (10), packing ring (11), fixing with back-up ring (12).

2. according to claim 1 described " centrifugal type antiknock combustion fly wheel of internal combustion engine ", the Type B structure comprises flywheel, the abnormity pouring weight, left spring, right spring, pin, packing ring, lock pin, it is characterized in that: it is uniform to be processed with a plurality of symmetries in flywheel (7) non-operative end surface, the profiled slot that certain depth is arranged, in flywheel (7) profiled slot, special-shaped pouring weight (13) is installed, abnormity pouring weight (13) is connected with the pin that is fixed on flywheel (7) (14), with packing ring (15), lock pin (16) is fixing, abnormity pouring weight (13) left end is connected with the left spring that is fixed on flywheel (7) (17), and special-shaped pouring weight (13) right-hand member is connected with the right spring (18) that is fixed on flywheel (7).

3. according to claim 1 described " centrifugal type antiknock combustion fly wheel of internal combustion engine ", C type structure comprises flywheel, mercury, dividing plate, back-up ring, left side one-way valve, right one-way valve, sealed cover, it is characterized in that: it is uniform to be processed with a plurality of symmetries at flywheel 7 circumferential surfaces, the cylindrical deep hole that certain depth is arranged, at the cylindrical deep hole cavity of resorption of flywheel (7) constant weight is housed and has mobile mercury (19), seal with dividing plate (20), use back-up ring (21) fixing simultaneously, left one-way valve (22) is installed on dividing plate (20), right one-way valve (23), dividing plate (20) epicoele leaves certain space, the top is equipped with sealed cover (24), and is fixing with back-up ring (25).

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