CN101385511A - Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses the field of a young genuine porgy swelling particle compound feed which is fit for feeding the genuine porgy during the young fish stage, that is, the young genuine porgy with the full length less than 20mm. The young genuine porgy swelling particle compound feed is a mixture which is made from components by a processing method of swelling particle compound feed, the components and the contents comprise as follows: 50 percent to 56 percent of fishmeal, 20 percent to 25 percent of flour, 7 percent to 15 percent of bean pulp, 1 percent to 5 percent of corn albumen, 2 percent to 4 percent of fish oil, 2 percent to 5 percent of beer yeast, 1 percent to 3 percent of mineral material, 0.3 percent to 1 percent of choline chloride and 0.2 percent of marine fish multivitamin, and all the percentages are weight percentage. Compared with the small rough fish feed, the young genuine porgy swelling particle compound feed has more comprehensive nutrition, higher livability, lower breeding cost, less pollution to aquaculture water and wider raw material source and is more convenient for a user to use, and compared with the existing genuine porgy swelling particle feed, the young genuine porgy swelling particle compound feed has higher feed conversion rate, is green and causes no pollution.

Description

Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed

Technical field the present invention relates to the fish feed field, relates in particular to the Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed field.

The background technology porgy has another name called Red Snapper and seabed chicken etc., and coastal in China north and south all have a distribution, is the famous and precious fish in the ocean, is regarded as one of important famous and precious kind of sea-farming.For increasing this famous and precious fish output, all carried out artificial propagation both at home and abroad and culture and successively succeed, but fish at present or cultured output all fewer, so price is more expensive.

Porgy mainly contains two types bait: the one, and small fish; Another kind is an artifical compound feed.Small fish remains the bait of mainly throwing something and feeding that present porgy is propagated artificially, but since small fish to have nutritional labeling uncontrollable, freshness is difficult to guarantee that easily cause fish body deficiency disease, growth rate is hanged down inferior negative effect; Small fish carries pathogen easily, and propagation germinates disease, and easily causes the rising of the death rate; Small fish pollutes the water quality of breeding water body easily, is unfavorable for the healthy sustainable development of sea-farming.Expanded pellet feed because have that production cost is low, digestive utilization ratio is high, aquaculture cost is low, to breeding water body pollute less, advantage such as raw material source is extensive, demonstrate the trend that replaces small fish gradually in the fish feed field, show huge market potential.

At present, existing multiple fish feed uses expanded pellet feed, as patent of invention " a kind of swamp eel floating forage " (patent No.: CN200410026444.9) disclose a kind of expanded pellet diet that is used for culture of swamp eel.In the breed of porgy, now existing countries and regions begin to adopt expanded pellet feed, have also obtained certain culture efficiency.But because the porgy expanded pellet feed compares with small fish, it is not good enough that it cultures porgy body colour, influences its commodity value, if feed formula science not also causes aquaculture cost to be higher than and uses the small fish aquaculture cost.Therefore, adopt expanded material of porgy feed to culture porgy and be in the popularization stage at present.

Because porgy has certain difference at the nutritional requirement of different growth and development stages, therefore on culturing, porgy generally adopts according to its different breed stage, and various raw materials are carried out scientific matching form different mixed feeds.

Summary of the invention the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of production cost and is used for all lower and higher Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed that is suitable for the Crimson sea bream fish stage breeding of breed porgy quality of cost that porgy is cultured.

For achieving the above object, the present invention is suitable for feeding the porgy in postlarva stage, i.e. the porgy in the seedling stage of total length below 20mm, and it is a kind of mixture of being made by the processing method of expanded pellet feed by each component, its component and content comprise:

Fish meal 50～56%

Flour 20～25%

Dregs of beans 7～15%

Corn protamine 1～5%

Fish oil 2～4%

Brewer's yeast 2～5%

Mineral matter 1～3%

Choline Chloride 0.3～1%

Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%

All percentages are percetage by weight.

Wherein, fish meal mainly provides protein sources and energy.Because the porgy in postlarva stage is the highest to the requirement of crude protein, thus the content of the fish meal among the present invention relatively other in stage porgy content higher, be 50～56%, when its content greater than 56%, feed cost strengthens, less than 50% o'clock, feed conversion rate reduced;

Flour mainly is to be beneficial to raw mix shaping particles and tool good stable when being used for expanded granulation, when its content greater than 25% the time, the crude protein of feed is reduced, be shaped less than then particle was difficult in 20% o'clock;

Dregs of beans, corn protamine mainly provide protein sources and energy, and its addition is subjected to cost impact, but feed conversion rate descends during too high levels; The corn protamine is also more remarkable to the pigmentation of porgy body colour simultaneously.

Fish oil mainly provides energy, and play the food calling effect, add when excessive requirements such as technological requirement to product, feed storage all can increase when it, and adds when not enough, functions such as the energy of feed, food calling all descend, and fish oil also has effect to very thick body colour painted;

Brewer's yeast mainly provides protein sources, and peptic function, unfavorable finished product granulating and forming when addition is too high;

Mineral matter, Choline Chloride and seawater fish multidimensional etc. play the effect of extra-nutrition all as additive, and fish body trace elements necessary is provided, and promote the metabolism of fish body, and its addition is all not high.

Above-mentioned various raw material components all can be purchased on market.

For improving the service time of product of the present invention, can in material composition of the present invention, add mould inhibitor, its content is 0.05～0.15%.Mould inhibitor mainly plays the killing fungus effect, so its content must reach certain amount and just work, and excessively also can cause adverse effect to the porgy body but add.

For making product efficacy of the present invention better, can add calcium dihydrogen phosphate in addition in its raw material components, its content is 0.3%; Liver protectant, its content are 0.1%; Antioxidant, its content are 0.02%.Wherein, calcium dihydrogen phosphate is mainly used in additional calcium, P elements; Liver protectant is mainly used in protection porgy liver and gall, promotes digestion; Antioxidant is mainly used in and prevents raw material such as protein, fatty oxidized in the feed.Above-mentioned each raw material components is trace to be added.

Add man-hour, generally adopt bile acid as liver protectant, antioxidant then generally adopts ethoxyquinoline.

The present invention also can be added with the additive that is beneficial to pigment deposition in raw material components, make to culture the porgy body colour near natural effect, and this additive is sea-tangle and shrimp shell meal, and its addition is a sea-tangle 0.5～1.03%, shrimp shell meal 1～1.23%.

Warp under the identical management mode condition, adopts the postlarva swelling feed of following each component and content to descend at most culture efficiency the best with respect to its feed cost of small fish in same plant:

Fish meal 56%;

Flour 23.78%;

Dregs of beans 7%;

Corn protamine 1%;

Fish oil 3%;

Brewer's yeast 5%;

Mineral matter 1%;

Choline Chloride 0.5%;

Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;

Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;

Liver protectant 0.1%;

Antioxidant 0.02%;

Sea-tangle powder 1%;

Shrimp shell meal 1%;

Mould inhibitor 0.1%.

Consider the schistostoma minimum of Crimson sea bream fish, its feed should be fit to it to be swallowed, and therefore feed particle diameter of the present invention should be 2.5～3.5mm.

Below by concrete test compared with prior art, analyze its beneficial effect with the present invention:

Test one: utilize the present invention and small fish to carry out scheduling to last the porgy culture experiment of 35d, found that the present invention compares with small fish, have good stable and higher feed efficiency, can guarantee normally ingesting and growing of Crimson sea bream fish, and can improve the survival rate of Crimson sea bream fish, reduce aquaculture cost, alleviate pollution water quality.

1, experimental condition:

Test aquarium---cylindrical shape, diameter 100cm, high 80cm, totally 6 casees;

Test fish---seed size total length 9.2mm～10.3mm;

Test feed---Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed of the present invention (its raw material components comprises fish meal, flour, dregs of beans, fish oil, mineral matter, vitamin, Choline Chloride etc.) and small fish, its nutritional labeling sees Table 1;

The nutritional labeling of table 1 test feed (%)

Feed	Thick protein	Crude fat	Methionine	Lysine	Moisture
						Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed	45.6	9.1	1.5	3.2	8.0
Small fish	17.2	2.3	1.0	1.2	78

Test aquarium number---6 casees, the test aquarium number of wherein throwing in Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed of the present invention is 1 ^#～3 ^#3 of aquariums, the test aquarium number that small fish is fed in contrast is 4 ^#～6 ^#3 of aquariums; Each aquarium is put Crimson sea bream fish 200 tails of average total length 10.0mm in a suitable place to breed.

2, process of the test:

Feedstuff feeding: after the grouping, test feed and small fish begin to throw something and feed.Throw something and feed every day 4 times (8:00,11:00,14:00 and 17:00), be as the criterion with the bait of in 30min, having ingested.Pick up during with unnecessary residual bait and weigh, and from daily ration, feeding quantity, deduct, as when time food ration;

Daily management: observe and write down the situations such as feeding activity of weather, water temperature, pH value and porgy every day, as the foundation of adjusting daily ration, feeding quantity, the generation of sterilization to ward off disease in good time.

3, result of the test:

End on May 31, in experimental period from 26 days to 2006 April in 2006, amounts to 35d.Duration of test water temperature, salinity are respectively: 21.3 ℃～25.5 ℃, 25～30 ‰; During off-test, pull the test fish of each aquarium out the measurement total length, calculate total length daily progression rate and survival rate.Computing formula is:

Total length daily progression rate (%)=((the clean initial total length of increment ÷)/(n-1)) * 100% (n=cultures fate);

Survival rate (%)=(the initial mantissa-mantissa of dying)/initial mantissa * 100%;

Result of the test sees Table 2.

Table 2 small fish and mixed feed are to the influence of Crimson sea bream fish growth

Group	The small fish group	The postlarva swelling particle mixed feed group
			Initial average total length (mm)	10.0	10.0
Finish average total length (mm)	36.2	37.5
			The average recruitment of total length (mm)	26.2	27.5
Total length daily progression rate (%)	7.7	8.1
			Initial mantissa's (tail)	600	600
Dead mantissa's (tail)	215	156
			Survival rate (%)	64.2	74.0

The result shows that the survival rate of the Crimson sea bream fish that mixed feed of the present invention is fed wants high than small fish:

(1), the nutritional labeling of small fish bait is uncontrollable, the nutrition dullness, unbalanced, lack some mineral elements, amino acid levels imbalance, freshness are difficult to guarantee that Thiaminase is active high, easily cause fish body deficiency disease, hypoimmunity, growth rate is hanged down inferior negative effect; Small fish carries pathogen easily, and propagation germinates disease, and causes the rising of the death rate.

(2), be added with special-purpose fish phagostimulant in the expanded pellet feed, promoted the food ration of Crimson sea bream fish to mixed feed; In addition, expanded material is in manufacture process, and raw material is through modified, slaking, puffing process, and starch is by gelatinization, and the cell membrane of destruction and softening fibre structure makes feed nutrition more help digesting and assimilating simultaneously, improves feed efficiency;

(3), the fat content of expanded material exceeds small fish material 6.8%, played the effect of saving protein;

(4), after expanded material drops into water, be dispersed in the bigger water surface, be easy to Crimson sea bream fish and ingest, and needn't spend very big strength to go to fight for, reduced the consumption of Crimson sea bream fish self-energy, this has also improved growth and survival to a certain extent.

(5), there is not the feed problem of scattering and disappearing in expanded material, and small fish drops into back in the water because inviscid, easily scatters and disappears, and waste morely, simultaneously cultivation water environment is polluted greatlyyer, is unfavorable for the sustainable development of porgy breed.

4, conclusion (of pressure testing):

Growth result: under this experimental condition, the average daily progression rate of test fish total length of the expanded material of throwing something and feeding all is higher than the average daily progression rate of test fish total length of the small fish material of throwing something and feeding, and shows the normal growth of expanded material energy guarantee test fish;

Survival rate: under this experimental condition, the survival rate of expanded material is higher than the survival rate of small fish material, shows that expanded material nutrient is comprehensive, has strengthened the immunity of Crimson sea bream fish, has improved the adaptive capacity of Crimson sea bream fish to environment;

The situation of ingesting: the bait that Crimson sea bream fish is ingested changes artitificial food into by natural bait, need a bit of transit time, after 3～4 days this on-tests, the Crimson sea bream fish expanded material of can ingesting well, and speed is very fast, basically ingesting in 30min finishes, and illustrates that expanded material can adapt to the custom of ingesting of porgy;

Economic benefit: the throw something and feed survival rate of expanded material of test fish is higher than the survival rate of the small fish of throwing something and feeding, and the cost of promptly cultivating Crimson sea bream fish reduces.

Test two: by carry out 45 days test by a definite date at nursery, obtained effect preferably, the present invention's 2006 annual value of production reach hundreds thousand of units, and customer responsiveness is good, reaches the result of use of expection.

1, experimental condition:

Test place---Sha Cheng aquatic product sprout base, Fujian

Test feed---Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed of the present invention

Test period---in April, 2006～2006 year May

2, process of the test: to have carried out be that 45 days Crimson sea bream fish is grown seedlings to used Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed of the present invention at above-mentioned test site.

3, check and accept: newly-increased Crimson sea bream fish output reaches 1,000,000 tails, and the test porgy ingests in order, stablizes, and culture experiment water quality is good, the porgy physical health, and the body colour nature is cultured easy to use.

4, analysis of experiments: in qualified fingerling specification fish price 2.8 thousand yuan/ten thousand tails,

Ten thousand yuan of new output values=newly-increased porgy output * fry price=100 * 0.28=28.

Culture ten thousand tail costs and need 1.5 thousand yuan/ten thousand tails approximately, it is 1.3 thousand yuan/ten thousand tails that ten thousand tails are cultured profit.

The new profit=ten thousand tails is cultured ten thousand yuan of the newly-increased porgy output of profit *=0.13 * 100=13.

5, conclusion (of pressure testing): use the present invention to be used for Crimson sea bream fish and culture, compare with traditional small fish material, the new profit has reduced the pollution to water environment simultaneously effectively effectively, can obtain good social benefit and economic benefit.

In sum, the present invention has the following advantages:

Compare with the small fish material:

1, comprehensive nutrition: product is rich in various essential amino acids, trace element, special-purpose minerals and vitamins etc., satisfies the demand of each different growth phases of porgy to various nutritional labelings, and the feed conversion rate height is easier to be digested, absorb and utilize.

2, survival rate height: small fish nutrition is comprehensive inadequately, and the part nutrient lacks, and Crimson sea bream fish easily produces deficiency disease, poor growth, even occur dead; In addition, itself has pathogenic bacteria small fish, the postlarva hypoimmunity, and the back easy infection morbidity of ingesting is final dead.This product comprehensive nutrition has effectively been killed pathogenic bacteria in the process, reduced the morbidity risk rate of postlarva.

3, aquaculture cost is low: the feed cost that uses the present invention to culture Crimson sea bream fish is about 1.5 thousand yuan/ten thousand tails, and uses the breeding feed cost of small fish material to be about 1.8 thousand yuan/ten thousand tails, cultures ton porgy feed cost and can descend 300 yuan.

4, few to the breeding water body pollution: compare with the small fish material, expanded pellet diet nutrient in water body does not run off, and is few to the pollution of breeding water body, protects water resource effectively, helps the healthy sustainable development of porgy aquaculture.

5, raw material source is extensive: under the pressure that be becoming tight stock of fish day in the world at present, have the external competitiveness that wide raw material source will strengthen enterprise.

6, the user is easy to use: after small fish will being worn into the fish slurry before the small fish material uses, just can throw something and feed, workload causes nutrition leak and water pollution greatly and easily; And expanded pellet feed only needs feed poured in the feed frame and gets final product, and promptly makes things convenient for to be easy to grasp daily ration, feeding quantity again.

Compare with existing porgy expanded pellet feed:

1, feed conversion rate height: the present invention has further improved the proteopepsis rate of feedstuff, the ANFs of having degraded to greatest extent, and fully satisfy Crimson sea bream fish to demands such as essential amino acid, unrighted acid and trace elements.

2, green non-pollution: it is natural that the porgy of this product of ingesting has body colour, and fish body health, medication are few, and characteristics such as it is fast to grow can have been brought higher economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits for this enterprise and raiser.

Description of drawings Fig. 1 is a technological process of production schematic diagram of the present invention.

The specific embodiment is following, and the present invention is described in further detail by specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.

Less than 20mm, feed particle diameter of the present invention is generally 2.5～3.5mm at the total length of the Crimson sea bream fish that the present invention cultured.

Embodiment 1: component and content that the present invention is the most basic comprise:

Fish meal 56%;

Flour 23.78%;

Dregs of beans 7%;

Corn protamine 1%;

Fish oil 3%;

Brewer's yeast 5%;

Mineral matter 1%;

Choline Chloride 0.5%;

Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;

Mould inhibitor 0.1%.

Embodiment 2: component and content that the present invention adds behind an amount of additive comprise:

Fish meal 56%;

Flour 23.78%;

Dregs of beans 7%;

Corn protamine 1%;

Fish oil 3%;

Brewer's yeast 5%;

Mineral matter 1%;

Choline Chloride 0.5%;

Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;

Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;

Liver protectant 0.1%;

Antioxidant 0.02%;

Sea-tangle powder 1%;

Shrimp shell meal 1%;

Mould inhibitor 0.1%.

Embodiment 3: component and content that the present invention adds behind an amount of additive comprise:

Fish meal 50%;

Flour 25%;

Dregs of beans 7%;

Corn protamine 5%;

Fish oil 4%;

Brewer's yeast 2%;

Mineral matter 3%;

Choline Chloride 1%;

Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;

Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;

Liver protectant 0.1%;

Antioxidant 0.02%;

Sea-tangle powder 1%;

Shrimp shell meal 1.23%;

Mould inhibitor 0.15%.

Embodiment 4: component and content that the present invention adds behind an amount of additive comprise:

Fish meal 55.5%;

Flour 22.78%;

Dregs of beans 7%;

Corn protamine 2%;

Fish oil 4%;

Brewer's yeast 5%;

Mineral matter 1%;

Choline Chloride 0.5%;

Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;

Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;

Liver protectant 0.1%;

Antioxidant 0.02%;

Sea-tangle powder 0.5%;

Shrimp shell meal 1%;

Mould inhibitor 0.1%.

Embodiment 5: the component and the content of culture efficiency the best of the present invention comprise:

Fish meal 56%;

Flour 23.78%;

Dregs of beans 7%;

Corn protamine 1%;

Fish oil 3%;

Brewer's yeast 5%;

Mineral matter 1%;

Choline Chloride 0.5%;

Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;

Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;

Liver protectant 0.1%;

Antioxidant 0.02%;

Sea-tangle powder 1%;

Shrimp shell meal 1%;

Mould inhibitor 0.1%.

The present invention is a kind of mixture of being made by the processing method of expanded pellet feed by each component, and above-mentioned various raw material components all can be purchased on market, and all the other components except that fish meal are general raw material.Fish meal mainly relies on the fish meal or the domestic fish meal of state's imports such as Chile, Peru.Adding man-hour, generally adopting bile acid as liver protectant, antioxidant then generally adopts ethoxyquinoline.

As shown in Figure 1, the production technology of product processing of the present invention is: 1-removal of impurities cleaning, the 2-mixed once that feeds intake, 3-ultramicro grinding, 4-secondary mixes 5-screening 6-modified 7-extrusion granulation, 8-oven dry, 9-dedusting, 10-oil spout, 11-cooling, 12-13-packing of weighing of sieving.

Claims (8)

1, Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed, be suitable for feeding the porgy in postlarva stage, be total length the porgy in the following seedling of 20mm stage, it is a kind of mixture of being made by the processing method of expanded pellet feed by each component, it is characterized in that: its component and content comprise:

Fish meal 50～56%

Flour 20～25%

Dregs of beans 7～15%

Corn protamine 1～5%

Fish oil 2～4%

Brewer's yeast 2～5%

Mineral matter 1～3%

Choline Chloride 0.3～1%

Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%

All percentages are percetage by weight.

2, Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: it is 0.05～0.15% that mould inhibitor, its content are arranged in its component in addition.

3, Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: it is 0.3% that calcium dihydrogen phosphate, its content are arranged in its raw material components in addition; Liver protectant, its content are 0.1%; Antioxidant, its content are 0.02%.

4, Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: this liver protectant is a bile acid, and antioxidant is an ethoxyquinoline.

5, as the described Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed of one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: the additive that helps pigment deposition in its raw material components, make and culture the porgy body colour near natural effect, this additive is sea-tangle and shrimp shell meal, its addition is a sea-tangle 0.5～1.03%, shrimp shell meal 1～1.23%.

6, Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: its component and content are:

Fish meal 56%;

Flour 23.78%;

Dregs of beans 7%;

Corn protamine 1%;

Fish oil 3%;

Brewer's yeast 5%;

Mineral matter 1%;

Choline Chloride 0.5%;

Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;

Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;

Liver protectant 0.1%;

Antioxidant 0.02%;

Sea-tangle powder 1%;

Shrimp shell meal 1%;

Mould inhibitor 0.1%.

7, as claim 1,2,3, one of 4 or 6 described Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feeds, it is characterized in that: its feed particle diameter is 2.5～3.5mm.

8, Crimson sea bream fish puffing granule compound feed as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: its feed particle diameter is 2.5～3.5mm.

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