CN101363822B - Transparent parallel board device for researching fracture acidizing fluid viscous - Google Patents
Transparent parallel board device for researching fracture acidizing fluid viscous Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a transparent parallel plate device for researching the viscous fingering of fractured acidification fluid, which is utilized for the test and research for the viscous fingering of fractured acidification construction in an oil field. The transparent parallel plate is characterized in that the transparent parallel plate is composed of two transparent plates which are bonded at the four edges, and a stimulant slit with the width between 5 mm and 20 mm is formed between the two parallel plates. A pressure sensor is fixed on one side of the parallel plates. A release valve and an exhaust valve are fixed on the parallel plates, and an inlet and an outlet for testing fluid are arranged on the left end face and the right end face. The outlet of a pumping system is connected with the inlet of two intermediate containers. A piston or a diaphragm is arranged inside an intermediate container. The outlet of the intermediate container is connected with the inlet of a shunt. The outlet part of the shunt is connected with the inlet of the transparent plates. The outlet of the transparent plates is connected with a confluence device, and the outlet of the confluence device is connected with a back pressure regulator. The transparent parallel plate device has the advantages that the occasion and the degree of the appearance of the viscous fingering of the fractured acidification under the conditions of different viscosity differences, density differences and different discharge capacity can be observed and measured, so as to conduct relevant scientific research.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of indoor experimental apparatus of studying the oil gas field reservoir; Be particularly related to the device of viscous fingering phenomenon between the liquid of testing the generation of fracture acidizing fluid, specifically the viscous fingering that possibly exist between the different fluid of fracture acidizing construction in the crack that reservoir forms carried out the device of testing research.
Background technology
In the particularly hypotonic hydrocarbon zone exploratory development of oil and gas reservoir process, the fracture acidizing technology is the main measure of adopting usually of transformation reservoir stimulation augmented injection.The viscous fingering of fracture acidizing fluid is one of major technique of effectively transforming reservoir; Main process at first inject high viscosity, non-Newtonian fluid produces the crack as spearhead; The viscous adhesive lime set is made seam, in seam, injects then and hangs down glactaric acid liquid, perhaps alternately injects high sticking and thin fluid body.Low glactaric acid liquid is in high viscose glue lime set high speed fingering and flow inhomogeneous; Acid is with the mode displacement high viscosity spearhead of fingering; Therefore can penetrate and uneven etching crack wall; Cause the passage of oil gas outflow so after pressure break, when the crack internal pressure is cancelled, can in the stratum, stay the next one to have the passage of guide performance.And reach the purpose of transforming the reservoir stimulation augmented injection.Fracture acidizing fluid viscosity fingering measure The Application of Technology is confirmed it is effective by most of oilfield application in the world.
The erratic process of the viscous fingering that is caused by a kind of low viscosity fluid displacement one other fluid process has been a researchist institute question of common concern for many years.Having such as small-sized parallel plate model before, Hele-Shaw model (list of references 1-5) or hole inner model (list of references 6-9) carry out the research of two kinds of fluid displacements simulations and viscous fingering.Typical Hele-Shaw box is made up of two blocks of sheet glass of small distance very of being separated by.The improvement of hole inner model then is in two glass plates, to accompany by the sand grains dielectric layer after the weathering, in the hope of more objectively reflecting the randomness character of porous medium.Hole inner model apparent size is 137.5 * 137.5 * 40mm.Hole inner model two ends have the aperture to be about 1 millimeter injector tunnel and discharge opeing road, and the physical size of model pore media layer is 125 * 125 * 0.7mm.Relatively more classical ripe fluid displacement theoretical research all is through the Hele-Shaw model, uses the Newtonian fluid of the another kind of viscosity of Newtonian fluid displacement of less viscosity, comes the state of two kinds of fluid generations of experimental study displacement.List of references is following:
1.Benham，A.L.&Olson，R.W.，A?model?study?of?viscous?fingering.Soc.Pet.Eng.J.(June1963)，p.138.
2.Perkins，T.K.，Johnston，O.C.&Hofman，R.N.，Mechanics?of?viscous?fingering?in?miscible?systems.Soc.Pet.Eng.J.(December1965)，p.301.
3.Blackwell，R.J.，Rayne，J.R.&Terry，W.)！.，Factors?influencing?the?efficiency?of?miscible?displacement.Trans.AIME(1960)，219，264.
4.Varnon，J.E.&Greenkorn，R，A.，Unstable?two-fluid?flow?in?a?porous?medium.
Soc.Pet.Eng.J.(September1969)，p.293，
5.Gupta，S.P.，Varnon，J.E.&Greenkorn，R.A.，Viscous?finger?wavelength?degeneration?in?Hele-Shaw?models.Water?Resources?Research～，(August1973).no.4，p.1039.
6.Gupta，S.P.&Greenkorn，R.A.，An?experimental?study?of?immiscible?displacement.Water?Resources?Researchg，(April1974)，no.2，p.371.
7.Offeringa，J.&van?der?Poel，C，，Displacement?of?oil?from?porous?media?by?miscible?liquids.Trans.AIME(1954)201，p，311.
8.Koval，E.J.，A?method?for?predicting?the?performance?of?unstable?miscible?displacement?in?heterogeneous?media.Soc.Pet.Eng.J.(June1963)，p.145.
9.Perkins，T.K.&Johnston，O.C.，A?studyof?immiscible?fingering?in?linear?models，Soc.Pet.Eng.J.(March1969)，p.39.
The research of the viscous fingering of telling about is above all carried out to displacement process between two kinds of Newtonian fluids, at present also not for being applicable to that a kind of non-Newtonian fluid that occurs in the fracture acidizing process reported by the research of viscous fingering aspect in the Newtonian fluid displacement process.Yet for the fracture acidizing fluid; Its fluid is non-Newtonian fluid; The another kind of non-Newtonian fluid of involved a kind of non-Newtonian fluid displacement in its viscous fingering process; And this unstable displacement process occurs in the crack, the state that geometric configuration and liquid flow are not expanded in the crack far be not yet Hele-Shaw model and hole inner model can simulate, correlative study and research equipment thereof are few in existing document.
By above visible, study the fingering of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity, its experimental provision should be to simulate reservoir actual fracture geometry and stressed distribution; Experimental provision also should be the fracture acidizing fluid that can measure and pump into different pump speeds the non newtonian character of different viscosities; The fracture geometry of experimental provision should reflect that with the ratio relation that pumps into speed reservoir forms the situation that the fluid in the crack runs under the actual field condition; The stressed external force that do not receive in experimental provision crack particularly can not influence by equally distributed point pressure; The experimental provision structural stress asks easy, and is workable.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: a kind of transparent parallel device that is used to study the fingering of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity is provided, so that simulate the viscous fingering research that two or more non-Newtonian fluids that alternately inject of fracture acidizing engineering possibly occur in the crack.
For realizing the foregoing invention purpose; The technical scheme that the present invention takes is: be used to study the transparent parallel device of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity fingering, comprise intermediate receptacle, pipe valve, back-pressure regulator, pressure transducer, exhaust-valve and the atmospheric valve of transparent parallel, pumping system, band piston.It is characterized in that:
Transparent parallel comprises two transparent panels.The length of two transparent panels is between 1000-8000mm, and width is between 200-1000mm.Two bonding and sealings in transparent panel surrounding, the width of surrounding is between 60-100mm.Rectangle simulation slot between the 5-20mm is arranged in the middle of two transparent panels, promptly accompany the rectangle simulation slot between the 5-20mm between two transparent panels.The length of simulation fracture and the high geometric configuration that meets conventional hydraulically created fracture.The edge-on placement of transparent parallel; There are a plurality of instrument connections side and/or upper surface at transparent parallel; Instrument connection links with the simulation slot, is fixed with pressure transducer in the instrument connection respectively, and the transparent parallel upper surface is fixed with air release; Air release links with the simulation slot, and air release can make the fracture acidizing fluid all be full of whole simulation fracture.The lower surface of transparent parallel is fixed with exhaust-valve, and exhaust-valve links with the simulation slot, and exhaust-valve can make the rapid emptying of fluid in the whole simulation fracture.Transparent parallel right ends face is evenly equipped with the 3-10 connecting hole, and connecting hole links with the simulation slot, is fixed with Experimental Flowing Object inlet tube valve member and outlet valve member in the connecting hole respectively, and the quantity of inlet tube valve member and outlet valve member is respectively between 3-10.
For easy to make, two transparent panels when making, wherein between the thickness 30-80mm of a thick transparent panel, the thin transparent panel thickness of another piece is between 10-60mm.It is the rectangular recess between the 5-20mm that the degree of depth is arranged in a side of thick transparent panel.The surrounding of groove to the length of the surrounding of thick transparent panel between 60-100mm.Bonding around two transparent panels.
Pumping system comprises volume pump and pipe valve, and pumping system outlet valve member connects the inlet of two intermediate receptacles at least.Volume pump is the volume pump of discharge capacity in the stepless adjustment of 0.01-100l/min, conveying discharge capacity error≤1% of volume pump.
The container that intermediate receptacle is processed for the stainless steel inner lining polytetrafluoroethylplastic plastic; Piston or barrier film are arranged in the intermediate receptacle; Its piston or barrier film are used to guarantee power fluid and the Experimental Flowing Object isolation with volume pump output, so that give different experimental liquid transmitting powers with same volume pump.The outlet of intermediate receptacle has pipe valve to connect splitter inlet.The outlet of shunt has pipe valve to connect the inlet tube valve member of transparent parallel.
Transparent parallel outlet valve member is connected with convergence device, and the Experimental Flowing Object that transparent parallel outlet valve member is flowed out merges together.The outlet of convergence device is connected with back-pressure regulator.
The a plurality of connecting holes in transparent parallel side evenly distribute, and the density of connecting hole is every meter 13 hole.The aperture of connecting hole is 8mm.
In the experimentation, importantly make the physical dimension of simulation fracture and the proportional relation of discharge capacity of pumping system.Confirming of this proportionate relationship mainly is the discharge capacity adaptation simulation fracture size through the adjustment pumping system; Reach linear velocity or the simulation fracture that the simulation fracture inner fluid flows the mobile shear rate of liquid is compared with actual linear velocity or shear rate that the fracture acidizing fluid of mining site runs into, have and meet similar being as the criterion.
Said pipe valve is a stainless steel material, the common product of market circulation, and the pipe valve that meets withstand voltage regulation all can use; Said back-pressure regulator is the common product of market circulation, can make total system remain on the research required pressure and get final product; Said pressure transducer is the common product of market circulation, can gather the intrasystem pressure value in crack and get final product; Pipe valve like air release, exhaust method, access is the common product of market circulation, need itself and transparent thin board be reserved the instrument connection bonding, keeps sealing to get final product.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention can accomplish the viscous fingering research that two or more non-Newtonian fluids that alternately inject of simulation oil field fracture acidizing work progress possibly occur in the crack.Simulate, study the viscous fingering situation of fracture acidizing fluid in the stratum through the transparent parallel device, not only can the Direct observation process fluid flow, more can gather experimental data be correlated with match and calculating.Existed test results shows that fluid viscosity ratio, fluid rate of injection, simulation fracture width are the significant variable parameter of control viscous fingering process by identification; The fingering process is also relevant with factors such as fluid density difference, temperature profile, the distributions of seam internal pressure.Experimentation can quantitatively be analyzed, and for the situation of viscous fingering in the acid fracturing measure certain directive significance is arranged.Can observe and measure that the fracture acidizing fluid is poor at different viscosities, occur the opportunity and the degree of viscous fingering under density difference and the different displacements situation, carry out related science research.The present invention also has simple in structure, is convenient to the characteristics of experimental implementation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the transparent parallel device synoptic diagram that is used to study the fingering of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity of the present invention.
Among the figure, 1. pumping system, the 2. intermediate receptacle of band piston, 3. pipe valve, 4. pressure transducer, 5. transparent parallel crack, 6. atmospheric valve, 7. exhaust-valve, 8. back-pressure regulator, 9. convergence device, 10. shunt.
Embodiment
To further illustrate the structure that the present invention is used to study the transparent parallel device of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity fingering with instance below.
Embodiment 1: consult accompanying drawing 1.Be used to study the transparent parallel device of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity fingering, comprise intermediate receptacle 2, pipe valve 3, back-pressure regulator 8, pressure transducer 4, exhaust-valve 7 and the atmospheric valve 6 of transparent parallel 5, pumping system 1, band piston.
Transparent parallel 5 adopts that two transparent panels are bonding to form.Two transparent panels are that polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) material is processed the molecular formula of polymethylmethacrylate :-[CH
3CH
2COOCH
3]-n.The length of two transparent panels is 2m, and width is 0.45m.Wherein the thickness of a thick transparent panel is 40mm, and another piece approaches transparent panel thickness 20mm.At the medial surface of thick transparent panel the degree of depth being arranged is the rectangular recess of 8mm, the long 1.9m of groove, wide 0.25m.Bonding and sealing around two transparent panels, the simulation slot of formation 8mm between two transparent panels.Bonding agent adopts common product of market circulation such as methenyl choloride.
Transparent parallel 5 edge-on placements are fixed by i shaped steel.I shaped steel is stressed evenly to the point of fixity of transparent parallel 5 sides.Clamp to prevent transparent parallel 5 crack occurrences with i shaped steel, the folder power of i shaped steel should be stressed uniformly.
On the top, side of transparent parallel 53 instrument connections are arranged, 1 instrument connection is arranged at the bottom, side, and promptly instrument connection is distributed near near the end face of the left and right sides.Instrument connection links with the simulation slot.Be fixed with pressure transducer 4 in the instrument connection respectively.Promptly be coated on the threaded rod of pressure transducer 4 and screw, play fixing and sealing function with the methenyl choloride bonding agent.Transparent parallel 5 upper sides are fixed with air release 6, and the following survey face of transparent parallel 5 is fixed with exhaust-valve 7.Transparent parallel 5 right ends faces respectively are evenly distributed with 3 connecting holes, and the density of connecting hole meets every meter 13 hole.The aperture of connecting hole is 8mm.Be fixed with Experimental Flowing Object inlet tube valve member and outlet valve member in the connecting hole respectively.
The container that intermediate receptacle 2 is processed for the stainless steel inner lining polytetrafluoroethylplastic plastic has piston in the intermediate receptacle 2.The outlet of intermediate receptacle 2 has pipe valve to connect shunt 10 inlets.The outlet of shunt 10 has 3.The outlet of shunt 10 has pipe valve to connect the inlet tube valve member of transparent parallel 5.
Transparent parallel 5 has 3 outlet valve members 3 to be connected with convergence device 9, and the outlet of convergence device 9 is connected with back-pressure regulator 8.The model of back-pressure regulator 8 is that the common metallic membrane back-pressure regulator in market gets final product.The highest setting value of back-pressure regulator 8 is specified output pressures of volume pump 1; This moment, liquid kept static; Only if but generally in the future utilizing the research project of this equipment that special demands are arranged, it is atmospheric pressure that the setting of back-pressure regulator 8 in most cases can be set back pressure.
The summary experimentation helps to understand the present invention.
Preliminary work comprises: in model, be full of clear water; In the intermediate receptacle 2 of band piston, install the different liquids that to test in advance so that use volume pump to exert pressure and these different liquid are injected in the parallel-plate in the different periods of needs and go afterwards to intermediate receptacle 2.
Different liquids described in the preliminary work comprises: the fracture acidizing working fluid of different viscosities, density or the working fluid of simulation, will design the composition of liquid and the precedence that pumps into voluntarily according to the needs of research work.Different operating liquid generally can inject respectively; Liquid so that the displacement of injecting is in the back injected is in advance accomplished displacement test, comprises that base fluid, frozen glue, acid solution and the gelled acid, emulsified acid, cross-linked acid and the salt solution that use aqueous fracturing fluid carry out related experiment.Adopt different displacements to compare experiment.And with video camera observe through transparent parallel 5 and the record different liquids between state of interface, whether viscous fingering takes place, begin to take place the time of viscous fingering, parameter or phenomenon that shape that the steady state (SS) time that viscous fingering takes place, viscous fingering phenomenon, the back different liquids took place or the like is used to study.
One of research example is simple viscosity ratio, low sticking displacement high-viscous liquid experiment.Having used clear water displacement concentration respectively is that 0.3% hydroxypropyl guar glue solution and concentration are 0.6% hydroxypropyl guar glue solution.Under 300ml/min, do not find the viscous fingering phenomenon; Bring up to more than the 500ml/min; What discovery was occurred by 0.3% hydroxypropyl guar glue solution of displacement is the ligule viscous fingering; What occurred by 0.3% hydroxypropyl guar glue solution of displacement is elongated flower-shaped viscous fingering, and the pump pressure of this moment is approximately about 0.2MPa.
At first one section unstable state in the fingering process; The development of this stage fingering all has growth in length with above the width, gets into pseudosteady state then, and the height of this stage fingering has reached Metacentre Height; Therefore highly can not increase so far, only be on length, constantly to increase.And along with the increase of viscosity ratio, the height of fingering main part reduces.Under very high viscosity ratio condition (600: 1 and 900: 1), the development of fingering will be propped up shape with the dendroid edge and increased.What the increase of fingering height relied on is to increase rate of injection, and lower rate of injection has limited the development of contiguous perf fingering vertical height, has also reduced the possibility that this regional finger-like merges thus.
Having carried out liquid in the experiment can be by single eyelet or two even three different situations that eyelet gets into.The single fingering height that is formed by two entry portals in the experiment mainly is after certain distance than highly little by single fingering of going into interruption-forming, and merging has taken place in two other fingering of branch.Do not consider the difference of inlet quantity, other conditions of experiment are carried out under simulated condition like two liquid viscosities ratio, rate of injection and fracture width, and experiment is illustrated in already present fingering highly has a self-stabilization tendency.Prevent that two adjacent eyelet fingering from merging, need the distance in enough wide perf space.
Carried out the viscous fingering test of fluid density difference in the experiment.The use of density difference of gel rubber system and acid is the measure commonly used at the scene in order to prevent in the acid fracturing process that acid gets in the waters.Yet usually the density difference between two kinds of liquid (gel and low-viscosity (mobile) liquid) can be ignored the influence of viscous fingering in the experiment, and this mainly is that the influence of gravity factor (vertical direction) is less than viscosity factor (horizontal direction).But under extreme case, as use density to be 1.1g/cm
3Above salt solution (low sticking) comes displacement density only to be 1.01g/cm
3About liquid the time, its viscous fingering phenomenon obviously is different from the situation of the approaching thin fluid body displacement high-viscous liquid of density, receives gravity effect to make that the trend of viscous fingering is significantly downward.
Claims (5)
1. transparent parallel device of studying the fingering of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity; Comprise intermediate receptacle (2), pipe valve (3), back-pressure regulator (8), pressure transducer (4), exhaust-valve (7) and the atmospheric valve (6) of transparent parallel (5), pumping system (1), band piston, it is characterized in that:
Transparent parallel (5) comprises two transparent panels, and between 1000-8000mm, width is between 200-1000mm respectively for the length of two transparent panels; Two bonding and sealings in transparent panel surrounding, the width of surrounding have the rectangle simulation slot between the 5-20mm in the middle of two transparent panels between 60-100mm; Promptly accompanying the degree of depth between two transparent panels is the rectangle slot between the 5-20mm; The edge-on placement of transparent parallel (5) has a plurality of instrument connections in the side and/or the upper surface of transparent parallel (5), and instrument connection links with the simulation slot; Be fixed with pressure transducer (4) in the instrument connection respectively; Transparent parallel (5) upper surface is fixed with atmospheric valve (6), and the lower surface of transparent parallel (5) is fixed with exhaust-valve (7), and atmospheric valve (6) and exhaust-valve (7) link with the simulation slot; Transparent parallel (5) right ends face is evenly equipped with the 3-10 connecting hole; Connecting hole links with the simulation slot, is fixed with Experimental Flowing Object inlet tube valve member and outlet valve member in the connecting hole respectively, and the quantity of inlet tube valve member (3) and outlet valve member (3) is respectively between 3-10;
Pumping system (1) comprises volume pump and pipe valve (3), and pumping system (1) outlet valve member (3) connects the inlet of two intermediate receptacles (2) at least, and volume pump is the volume pump of discharge capacity in the stepless adjustment of 0.01-100l/min, conveying discharge capacity error≤1% of volume pump;
The container that intermediate receptacle (2) is processed for the stainless steel inner lining polytetrafluoroethylplastic plastic; Intermediate receptacle has piston or barrier film in (2); The outlet of intermediate receptacle (2) has pipe valve to connect shunt (10) inlet, and the outlet of shunt (10) has pipe valve to connect the inlet tube valve member of transparent parallel (5);
Transparent parallel (5) outlet valve member is connected with convergence device (9), and the outlet of convergence device (9) is connected with back-pressure regulator (8).
2. the transparent parallel device of research fracture acidizing fluid viscosity according to claim 1 fingering; It is characterized in that: described two transparent panels are wherein between the thickness 30-80mm of a thick transparent panel; The thin transparent panel thickness of another piece is between 10-60mm; At the medial surface of thick transparent panel the degree of depth being arranged is the rectangular recess between the 5-20mm, the surrounding of groove to the length of the surrounding of thick transparent panel between 60-100mm.
3. the transparent parallel device of research fracture acidizing fluid viscosity according to claim 1 fingering is characterized in that: transparent parallel (5) side connecting hole evenly distributes, and the density of connecting hole is every meter 13 hole, and the aperture of connecting hole is 8mm.
4. the transparent parallel device of research fracture acidizing fluid viscosity according to claim 1 fingering is characterized in that: two transparent panels are that polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) material is processed.
5. the transparent parallel device of research fracture acidizing fluid viscosity according to claim 1 fingering is characterized in that: transparent parallel (5) is fixed by i shaped steel, and i shaped steel is stressed evenly to the point of fixity of transparent parallel (5) side.
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| CN102590043B (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-10-30 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Device and method for measuring axial dispersion coefficient of methylene blue in polymer solution |
| CN103226086B (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2015-12-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | The online High Temperature High Pressure viscosity rapid measurement device of rock core displacement test |
| CN105445424B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-05-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of hydraulic fracture network analog device |
| CN105571988B (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2018-09-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of polymer thermostable detection device and detection method |
| CN109386275B (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2022-02-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Visual experiment device and method for simulating flow in rock crack |
| CN109779593B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2020-05-01 | 西南石油大学 | Visual flat plate crack device capable of realizing three-dimensional flow field test |
| CN110879287A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-13 | 天津大学 | Hull-Shore sheet testing apparatus with adjustable plate spacing |
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| CN2293073Y (en) * | 1996-08-21 | 1998-09-30 | 齐瑗晶 | Device for testing transdermal release of medicine |
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| CN2293073Y (en) * | 1996-08-21 | 1998-09-30 | 齐瑗晶 | Device for testing transdermal release of medicine |
| CN1873411A (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2006-12-06 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Device for testing deflagrability of condensed fire detonator under condition of high termerature and high pressure |
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