CN109386275B - Visual experiment device and method for simulating flow in rock crack - Google Patents
Visual experiment device and method for simulating flow in rock crack Download PDFInfo
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- CN109386275B CN109386275B CN201710665543.9A CN201710665543A CN109386275B CN 109386275 B CN109386275 B CN 109386275B CN 201710665543 A CN201710665543 A CN 201710665543A CN 109386275 B CN109386275 B CN 109386275B
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/002—Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The invention provides a visual experimental device and an experimental method for simulating the flow in a rock crack, wherein the device comprises: a transparent cavity; the first crack engraving plate is fixed in the transparent cavity; the second crack carving plate is fixed in the transparent cavity and is opposite to the first crack simulating plate to form a crack space; the fluid inlet and outlet is arranged on the side wall of the transparent cavity and communicated with the crack space; a fluid passage having a first end in communication with the fluid inlet and outlet; the switch assembly is positioned on the fluid access channel and is used for opening or closing the fluid channel; a simulated formation in communication with the second end of the fluid passageway. The method comprises the following steps: closing a fluid passage between the simulated formation and the fracture space; injecting formation fluid into the simulated formation to reach a preset pressure value; and opening a fluid channel between the simulated formation and the fracture space. The method is simple to operate and has great reference significance for drilling fracture flow related engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of indoor experimental devices for oil and gas drilling and production, in particular to a visual experimental device and an experimental method for simulating the flow in a rock crack.
Background
In oil and gas drilling and production, drilling and encountering fractures are common engineering phenomena, once the fractures are communicated with stratum fluid, the fractures around a shaft can become main channels of oil and gas seepage of an oil reservoir, and the fractures often cause the engineering problems of difficult shaft pressure control, difficult fracture proppant design and the like. Therefore, the research on the fluid flow in the fracture has great significance on the aspects of oil and gas productivity prediction, wellbore pressure control, leakage stoppage of fractured rock stratum, reasonable fracturing fluid proppant scheme design and the like.
In a simulation experiment device for flow in a crack, one method is to directly form a crack space by using two rough steel plates or rock blocks, but the method does not accurately describe the crack and can not observe the flow condition of fluid in the crack; the other method is to directly utilize real core fracture seepage to measure the permeability of the core fracture, but the specific flowing condition of fluid in a fracture space cannot be observed due to the fact that a natural core is not transparent; yet another approach is to simulate real fracture faces by adding shims or sintered particles before smoothing the plate, and although it is possible to observe the spatial flow, the fracture flow space formed in this way is significantly different from real fracture spaces containing irregular roughness and waviness.
At present, domestic documents relate to devices and methods for flowing in cracks, and research is more. But none of them can observe the fracture space flow while considering the real fracture space morphology. Therefore, the experimental device which considers the real fracture space morphology and can observe the fracture space flow has very important significance for the research of the drilling and completion fractures.
Disclosure of Invention
Features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a visual experimental device for simulating the flow in a rock fracture, which comprises:
a transparent cavity;
the first crack engraving plate is fixed in the transparent cavity;
the second crack carving plate is fixed in the transparent cavity and is opposite to the first crack simulating plate to form a crack space;
the fluid inlet and outlet is arranged on the side wall of the transparent cavity and communicated with the crack space;
a fluid passage having a first end in communication with the fluid inlet and outlet;
the switch assembly is positioned on the fluid access channel and is used for opening or closing the fluid channel;
a simulated formation in communication with the second end of the fluid passageway.
In one possible design, the switch assembly includes:
the liquid sac cavity is provided with a liquid sac cavity communicated with the fluid channel;
the liquid sac is positioned in the liquid sac cavity;
and the liquid inlet of the liquid sac is positioned outside the cavity of the liquid sac and is communicated with the liquid sac.
In one possible design, the fluid inlets and outlets are two groups, and are respectively communicated with two ends of the crack space.
In one possible design, the fluid inlet and outlet is arranged in a vertical direction.
In one possible design, at least one of the switch assemblies is provided on each of the fluid passages.
In one possible design, the transparent cavity is formed by enclosing a plurality of transparent substrates.
In one possible design, the first and second fracture-engraving plates are fixed to the two opposite transparent substrates by fixing bolts.
In one possible design, the fluid channel is integrally formed with the fluid port.
In one possible design, the fluid channel is disposed in a transparent plate block, and the transparent plate block is fixedly connected with a side wall of the transparent cavity provided with the fluid inlet and outlet.
In one possible design, the first and second fracture sculpting plates include fracture faces sculpted with a transparent resin material.
According to another aspect of the invention, a visual experiment method for simulating the flow in the rock fracture is also provided, which comprises the following steps:
closing a fluid channel between the simulated formation and a fracture space, wherein the fracture space is located within the transparent cavity;
injecting formation fluid into the simulated formation to reach a preset pressure value;
and opening a fluid channel between the simulated formation and the fracture space.
The invention provides a visual experimental device and an experimental method for simulating flow in a rock fracture.
The features and content of these solutions will be better understood by those skilled in the art from reading the present description.
Drawings
The advantages and realisation of the invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description, given by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are given for the purpose of illustration only, and which are not to be construed in any way as limiting the invention, and in which:
fig. 1 is a top view of a visual experimental apparatus for simulating flow in a rock fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the visual experimental apparatus for simulating the flow in a rock fracture shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a side wall of a transparent cavity provided with a fluid inlet and outlet in the visual experimental device for simulating the flow in the rock fracture shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a fracture space according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a visualization experiment method for simulating flow in a rock fracture according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a visual experiment device for simulating the flow in a rock fracture, including: the simulation device comprises a transparent cavity 10 provided with a fluid inlet and outlet 12, a crack space 23 which is positioned in the transparent cavity and communicated with the fluid inlet and outlet, a fluid channel 40 communicated with the fluid inlet and outlet 12, a switch assembly 30 positioned on the fluid channel 40, and a simulated formation 50 communicated with the fluid channel 40.
The transparent cavity 10 may be formed by enclosing a plurality of transparent substrates, and the transparent substrates may be fixed by fixing bolts. In practice, the transparent substrate may be a glass substrate, and must be thick enough to allow the fracture space 23 to withstand the pressure of the simulated formation 50.
The crevice space 23 is formed by a first crevice engrave 21 and a second crevice engrave 22 fixed within the transparent cavity. More specifically, the first and second slit engravings 21 and 22 may be fixed on the opposite transparent substrates by the fixing bolts 15, so that the slit spaces 23 are formed between the first and second slit engravings 21 and 22. The width of the crack space 23 can be adjusted while the fixing bolt 15 is used for fixing under the pressure bearing condition;
in this embodiment, the first slit engraving plate 21 and the second slit engraving plate 22 include slit surfaces engraved with a transparent resin material. The crack surface can be obtained by guiding a model obtained according to the real crack into a professional engraving machine and engraving by adopting a transparent resin material. During specific manufacturing, the Eascan-D photoelectric core measuring system for the real cracks can be used for scanning the crack surfaces to obtain three-dimensional models of the crack surfaces, then the three-dimensional models are led into SolidWorks to be subjected to shearing, splicing and other processing to obtain models, the models are led into a professional engraving machine, and the first crack engraving plate 21 and the second crack engraving plate 22 can be obtained by engraving transparent resin materials. In order to facilitate the printing of the crack surface, thinner carved transparent resin is adopted. It should be noted that the first slit engraved plate 21 and the second slit engraved plate 22 may be two completely separated plates or may be at least partially bonded together.
The fluid inlet and outlet 12 is arranged on the side wall of the transparent cavity 10 and is communicated with the crack space 23; the fluid inlets and outlets 12 are two groups and are respectively communicated with two ends of the crack space 23. Each set of fluid ports 12 may include one, two, or more than two fluid ports 12, such as two. In this embodiment, the fluid inlet/outlet 12 may be disposed in a vertical direction, which is the same as the depth direction of the fracture space.
The fluid passage 40 has a first end in communication with the fluid port 12 and a second end in communication with a simulated formation 50. At least two fluid passages 40 are provided at both ends of the fracture space 23. Generally, the number of fluid channels 40 is the same as the number of fluid ports 12. The fluid passage 40 and the fluid inlet/outlet 12 may have the same shape and size.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the fluid channel 40 is integrally formed with the fluid inlet/outlet 12, and in this case, may be disposed on a side wall of the transparent cavity provided with the fluid inlet/outlet 12.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the fluid channel 40 is disposed in a transparent plate 41, and the transparent plate 41 is fixedly connected with the sidewall of the transparent cavity having the fluid inlet and outlet 12, and in practical implementation, the two can be connected together by a fixing bolt, or can be integrally formed. The fluid passage 40 may extend into the fluid port 12 until the fracture space is reached.
The switch assembly 30 is positioned on the fluid access channel 40 and is used for opening or closing the fluid channel 40; at least one switch assembly is arranged on each fluid channel. In this embodiment, two fluid inlets and two fluid channels 40 are respectively disposed at two ends of the crack space 23, and each fluid channel is provided with a switch component, so that there are 4 switch components in total.
The switch assembly 30 includes: the liquid sac comprises a liquid sac cavity 34, a liquid sac cavity 31 which is arranged on the liquid sac cavity 34 and communicated with a fluid channel 40, a liquid sac 32 which is positioned in the liquid sac cavity 31, and a liquid sac liquid inlet 33 which is communicated with the liquid sac 32. The sac liquid inlet 33 is located outside the sac chamber 31. In particular implementations, sac chamber 34 may be integrally formed with transparent plate 41.
By inflating the sac 32 by applying pressure to the sac inlet 33, the sac 32 will fill the sac chamber 31, blocking the fluid inlet/outlet 12 and acting to close the slit flow path. Fluid is pumped out through the liquid inlet 33 of the liquid sac, so that the liquid sac 32 is contracted and finally attached to the inner surface of the liquid sac cavity 34 to play a role in opening a crack flow channel;
a simulated formation 50 in communication with a second end of the fluid passageway 40; in this embodiment, two fluid passages 40 are provided at both ends of the fracture space 23, and thus there are two simulated formations 50. In particular implementations, a formation container may also be included for holding the simulated formation 50. The formation container may be a cylinder with a sidewall having an opening in communication with the flow channel 40. By adding fluid to the formation vessel to simulate formation pressure and formation fluids, the pressure differential created by the simulated formation on both sides may create conditions for the flow of fracture space 23.
As shown in fig. 5, the present invention further provides a visual experiment method for simulating flow in a rock fracture, which can be performed by using the visual experiment apparatus for simulating flow in a rock fracture provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and the method includes the following steps:
and S1, starting.
Preparation is performed, for example, by adjusting the opening of the crack space by adjusting the fixing bolt.
And S2, closing a fluid channel between the simulated formation and a fracture space, wherein the fracture space is positioned in the transparent cavity.
More specifically, the fluid passage is brought to a closed state by the switch assembly; liquid can be pressed into the liquid sac 32 through the liquid sac liquid inlet 33, so that the liquid sac 32 is expanded, and the corresponding fluid channel and the inlet and the outlet communicated with the fluid channel are blocked;
and S3, injecting formation fluid into the simulated formation to reach a preset pressure value.
Injecting formation fluid into the simulated formations at two ends of the fracture space, respectively, adjusting the pressure of the formation fluid, and keeping different pressures to form differential pressure; the initial conditions set in the experiment are achieved;
and S4, opening a fluid channel between the simulated formation and the fracture space.
More specifically, the fluid passage is in an open state by the switch assembly; fluid in the fluid bag 32 can be quickly extracted through the fluid bag liquid inlet 33, and the fluid bag 32 is attached to the inner surface of the fluid bag cavity 34 after being vacuumized, so that the fluid in the simulated formation is quickly communicated with the fracture space 23 through the fluid channel 40 and the fluid inlet and outlet 12.
After flowing under the initial pressure, continuously adding fluid into the simulated formations to keep the pressure in the two simulated formations constant so as to form a stable flowing condition; fluid flowing conditions in the crack space are observed through the transparent crack plate, and meanwhile, a high-definition camera can be used for recording the fluid flowing conditions, so that experimental data analysis is facilitated.
And S5, ending.
After the experiment is finished, formation fluid can be released, and the fracture space is cleaned to facilitate the next experiment.
According to the visual experiment device and the visual experiment method for simulating the flow in the rock fracture, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fluid for simulating the stratum flow environment flows through the special fracture plate, so that the real fracture space fluid flow state can be simulated, and meanwhile, the fluid flow is visualized by the transparent fracture plate material. The device is reasonable in structure, simple to operate and high in practicability by combining the latest tools and technologies, provides a new research method for stratum fracture flow research, and overcomes the defects and shortcomings of the prior art. The method can accurately consider the real fracture space morphology and observe the space flow of the fracture, and has great significance for the research on the fracture flow in the oil-gas drilling and production field; the method is simple to operate and has great reference significance to the practical engineering related to the flowing of the drilling cracks.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a visual experimental apparatus that flows in simulation rock fracture which characterized in that includes:
a transparent cavity;
the first crack engraving plate is fixed in the transparent cavity;
the second crack carving plate is fixed in the transparent cavity and is opposite to the first crack simulating plate to form a crack space so as to simulate the real crack space appearance;
the fluid inlet and outlet is arranged on the side wall of the transparent cavity and communicated with the crack space;
a fluid passage having a first end in communication with the fluid inlet and outlet;
the switch assembly is positioned on the fluid access channel and is used for opening or closing the fluid channel;
simulating a formation in communication with the second end of the fluid passageway;
the first crack carving board and the second crack carving board are carved out according to real cracks and by adopting a transparent resin material: scanning the real crack to obtain a three-dimensional model of a crack surface, guiding the three-dimensional model into a carving machine, and carving a first crack carving plate and a second crack carving plate by adopting a transparent resin material;
the first crack engraving plate and the second crack engraving plate are fixed on the two opposite transparent substrates through fixing bolts;
the width of the crack space can be adjusted using the fixing bolt.
2. A visual testing device for simulating flow in a rock fracture as claimed in claim 1 wherein said switch assembly includes:
the liquid sac cavity is provided with a liquid sac cavity communicated with the fluid channel;
the liquid sac is positioned in the liquid sac cavity;
and the liquid inlet of the liquid sac is positioned outside the cavity of the liquid sac and is communicated with the liquid sac.
3. A visual experiment device for simulating the flow in a rock fracture as claimed in claim 1 wherein there are two sets of fluid inlets and outlets respectively communicating with two ends of the fracture space.
4. A visual experiment device for simulating the flow in a rock fracture according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the fluid inlet and outlet are arranged in a vertical direction.
5. A visual experiment device for simulating flow in a rock fracture as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least one switch assembly is provided on each fluid channel.
6. A visual experiment device for simulating the flow in a rock fracture according to claim 1, wherein the transparent cavity is formed by enclosing a plurality of transparent substrates.
7. A visual testing device for simulating flow in a rock fracture as claimed in claim 1 wherein said fluid passageway is integrally formed with said fluid port.
8. A visual experiment device for simulating flow in a rock fracture as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first and second fracture sculptures comprise fracture faces sculpted out of a transparent resin material.
9. A visual experiment method for simulating the flow in a rock fracture, which is realized by using the visual experiment device for simulating the flow in the rock fracture, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises the following steps:
closing a fluid channel between the simulated formation and a fracture space, wherein the fracture space is located within the transparent cavity;
injecting formation fluid into the simulated formation to reach a preset pressure value;
and opening a fluid channel between the simulated formation and the fracture space.
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| CN201710665543.9A CN109386275B (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2017-08-07 | Visual experiment device and method for simulating flow in rock crack |
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| CN201710665543.9A CN109386275B (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2017-08-07 | Visual experiment device and method for simulating flow in rock crack |
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| CN109386275B true CN109386275B (en) | 2022-02-11 |
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| CN113622900B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2023-09-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Stratum simulator and crack plugging instrument |
| CN112267873B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-06-28 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Single-crack profile control and flooding visualization experiment device and method for simulating formation conditions |
| CN113338920A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-09-03 | 长江大学 | Visual crack laying sand form intelligent simulation device and simulation method |
| CN114675004B (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2023-03-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Mining three-dimensional crack simulation plate preparation device and water burst and sand burst simulation method |
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| 可视化重力置换室内模拟装置的研制与应用;杨顺辉;《石油机械》;20150630;第43卷(第3期);第96-99页 * |
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