CN101353028A

CN101353028A - Movable bearing surface type automobile

Info

Publication number: CN101353028A
Application number: CNA2008100511919A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 方显忠
Original assignee: 方显忠
Current assignee: Jilin University
Priority date: 2008-09-19
Filing date: 2008-09-19
Publication date: 2009-01-28
Anticipated expiration: 2028-09-19
Also published as: CN101353028B

Abstract

The invention relates to a truck with a movable bearing surface, which can self-load and self-unload by relying on self outfit when transporting large objects. The truck mainly consists of a speed and direction change driving axle for a separated and vertical swing arm suspension, a movable bearing surface of a carriage and a gantry lifting device. The swing arm suspension is arranged at the ends of the two beam axes in the back of the truck frame respectively, the front beam and the back beam fix a left longitudinal beam and a right longitudinal beam together, every swing arm is provided with a wheel, a supporting spring and a vibration absorber; the movable bearing surface of the carriage comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is divided into a left bearing board and a right bearing board of the upper carriage, the two boards are arranged outside the two longitudinal beams and the position is higher than the outer diameter of the wheel, the lower layer is divided into a front bearing board and a back bearing board of the lower carriage, the two boards are arranged inside the two longitudinal beams and the position height can be lower than the radius of the wheel, wherein, the back bearing board must be movable; the gantry lifting device comprises a portal frame that is arranged above the carriage, a longitudinal beam at the top of the portal frame and a hanging hoist that is arranged on the longitudinal beams and can move along the longitudinal beams.

Description

Movable bearing surface type automobile

Technical field

The present invention relates to the autotruck that a kind of carrying surface can be movable, utilization can be moved the carrying surface of moving and be abdicated the space to the weight that is lifted by crane, and be equipped with hoist on the car, can when transporting, rely on self to be equipped with and realize self-chambering and self-unloading than big article, do not need other handling equipment outside this car, be suitable for particularly relying on the self-chambering and the self-unloading of manpower transport's difficulty object in the transportation of the occasion that does not have lifting appliance or non-batch than big article.

Background technology

Automobile transportation rely on the manual handling difficulty than big article the time, at first need weight-lifting equipments such as hoisting crane or loader to cooperate installs to object on the car in the starting position of transportation, after being transported to the final position that reaches transportation after a while, need hanging device that object is uncarted too, starting position and final position in the object transportation have all required hanging device to cooperate, therefore, make and load and unload very difficulty of this object in the occasion that does not have to be equipped with specially hanging device.

At present, the autotruck that self has crane is not to support with motor tire merely when hoisting heavy, need the accessory machinery pin to support and be used for preventing making the overturning of car generation side direction when the hoisting heavy of side, crane truck and accessory machinery feet have increased the sole mass and the manufacturing cost of automobile greatly.In addition, the loading height of autotruck all is higher than the diameter of wheel, and the carrying surface of object is in the top of wheel diameter, and the loading height of object is than higher, make the height of gravitational center of car load increase after particularly being installed on the car, for travelling of automobile brought potential safety hazard than big article.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide the automobile that a kind of part carrying surface of goods can be movable, be equipped with hoist on the car, move movable bearing surface and can abdicate the locus to the weight that is lifted by crane, weight lifting position is placed within the loaded area of car, reach the purpose that reduces object loading height, raising sling height space, do not need to be equipped with lifting accessory machinery feet simultaneously, rely on this car self to be equipped with and realize self-chambering and self-unloading.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: 1 (a), Fig. 1 (b), Fig. 1 (c), Fig. 2 are described as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

A kind of movable bearing surface type automobile, mainly form by change direction drive axle, compartment movable bearing surface and gantry lifting appliance of independent LL suspension speed change, it is characterized in that the described independent LL suspension speed change drive axle of changing direction comprises: the left-

right longeron

38,3 of vehicle body both sides, be contained in left-

right longeron

38,3 rear ends and two longerons are fixed together two before and after

transverse axis

34,31, be sleeved on before and after the

swing arm

33,5,30,24 of transverse axis about 34,31 ends, wheel, support spring, bumper are housed in each swing arm; First through diff 2 from the power of driving engine 21, vertical

conical gear

37,22 transmits backward about passing through respectively then, drives former and later two wheels of both sides more respectively through universal-joint, front propeller shaft, front drive gear case, rear propeller shaft, rear drive gear case; Said compartment movable bearing surface comprises two layers four up and down, two on upper strata be top box loading plate 43,43 ', its position is in the outside of two

longerons

38,3 respectively, lower floor is following compartment loading plate, be divided into two of front and back, the position is in the inboard of two

longerons

3,38, and a wherein back railway carriage or compartment loading plate is movable the layout; Said gantry lifting appliance comprises the portal frame that is arranged in railway carriage top, be positioned at the longitudinal beam 13 at portal frame top and be contained on the longitudinal beam and the hoist 14 that moves of beam longitudinally.

The top box loading plate 43 of described compartment movable bearing surface, 43 ' area all are L+L1 * W1, and carrying surface is H+H1 apart from floor level, are higher than wheel diameter 2R; Described railway carriage board down is H apart from floor level, and the H of car when zero load can be higher or lower than radius of wheel R, and a wherein last area is L1 * W, and a back area is L * W.

A described back loading plate can adopt dual mode: promptly two ends be placed on respectively the

plank carriage

9,9 that is fixed in inboard,

longeron

38,3 back ' on the movable carrying of polylith plank 8 be spliced or rotate loading plate 54, the front end of described rotation loading plate 54 flexibly connects with axle 31, and the rear end can form the φ angle with ground and put and fall to the ground.

Portal frame in the lifting appliance of described gantry, longitudinal beam 13 and hoist 14 can have a plurality of, and the position of hoist 14 can replace with other lifting appliance such as electronic or hydraulic pressure.

Described

swing arm

33,5,30, functional structure is identical between 24, for example its structure is described with swing arm 30, swing arm 30 is through swing arm axle housing 50, wheel hub 49, disc 46 is supporting tire 39, gear case 28 is arranged in the swing arm 30, in the gear case 28 for intermeshing and can change the longitudinal spiral gear 51 of 90 ° of direction of transfer and horizontal helical wheel 52, longitudinal spiral gear 51 and laterally helical wheel 52 be contained in respectively on the semiaxis 47 in transmission shaft 29 and the swing arm axle housing 50, transmission shaft 29 is through longitudinal spiral gear 51, laterally helical wheel 52 and semiaxis 47 rotate transmission of power to flange 48 drive hubs 49.Does

swing arm

33,5,30,24 have same structure?

This car adopts two back axles, single wheel, both sides to drive, and is the independent LL suspension speed change drive axle structure of changing direction, and can realize suspension, vehicle bridge, speed change degree simultaneously in swing arm 30, become five functions of direction of transfer, driving.1. the axis hole end of swing arm 30 is enclosed within on the axle 31, can only rotate around axle 31, other all degree of freedom have been limited, make the position of swing arm axle housing 50 can bear longitudinal force, transverse force, twist moment, bumper 40 can be installed in the swing arm 30, swing arm spring 41 can bear the bearing force up and down around axle 31 swaying directions, has suspension function; 2. swing arm 30 has axle housing 50, in establish jack shaft 47, through wheel hub 49, disc 46, supporting the function that tire 39 has vehicle bridge; 3. swing arm 30 has gear case 28, and the inside gear 51,52 can realize changing speed function; 4. laterally helical wheel 52 and longitudinal spiral gear 51 change 90 ° of direction of transfer; 5. transmission shaft 29 rotates wheel hub 49 to flange 48 through gear 51,52, semiaxis 47, has the driving function.

In the rear end of left-

right longeron

38,3 with two

transverse axis

34,31 as crossbeam, two

longerons

38,3 are fixed together, simultaneously also as the S. A. of four

swing arms

33,5,30,24,

swing arm

33,5 and

swing arm

30,24 be enclosed within respectively two

transverse axis

34,31 about the end, wheel, support spring, bumper all are installed in each swing arm; First from the power of driving engine 21 through diff 2, vertical

conical gear

37,22 transmits backward about passing through respectively then, drive former and later two wheels in left side more respectively through universal-joint 36, front propeller shaft 35, front drive gear case 32, rear propeller shaft 29, rear drive gear case 28 in the left side, two wheels in same right side drive through longitudinal drive shaft 4.

The railway carriage loaded area of this car is divided into two layers four altogether up and down, two on upper strata be called top box loading plate 43,43 ', the position of these two blocks of plates is in the outside of two

longerons

38,3 respectively, area all is: L+L1 * W1, the position apart from floor level is: H+H1, be called the top box loaded area, the H+H1 of last railway carriage carrying surface is higher than wheel diameter 2R; The 3rd area is: L * W highly is: H; The characteristics of this area are: be spliced with the movable carrying of polylith plank 8, being called down, the railway carriage movable bearing surface amasss, its plank 8 two ends be placed on respectively the

plank carriage

9,9 that is fixed in inboard,

longeron

38,3 back ' on, can conveniently be moved and move, its purpose of moving is to abdicate the locus to being prepared the lifting weight 10 of getting on the bus; The 4th area is: L1 * W highly also is: H, and this area constitutes with loading plate 23; By changing the relative position up and down of

transverse axis

34,31 axis and

longeron

38,3 center lines, the height H that can make the case carrying surface of getting off is higher or lower than radius of wheel R when car unloaded; Above the railway carriage carrying surface, be furnished with

portal frame

12,16,19, longitudinal beam 13, hoist 14.Move removable plank 8, by reversing back hoist 14 is aimed at weight 10 at above-below direction, connect weight 10 and hoist 14 with triangular

form suspension bracket

45,14 pairs of weights 10 of starting hoist load and unload.

Structure of the present invention has following characteristics

1, the railway carriage loaded area some be movable, this movable carrying surface can change its position, whole loaded area is divided into two layers four altogether up and down, two areas about the upper strata is divided into, be called top box loading plate 43,43 ', its position is in the outside of two

longerons

38,3 respectively, area all is: L+L1 * W1, the position of carrying surface apart from floor level is: H+H1, and the H+H1 of last railway carriage carrying surface is higher than wheel diameter 2R; Lower floor is divided into two of front and back, and the position is in the inboard of two

longerons

3,38, and the position of following railway carriage carrying surface apart from floor level is: H; The H of car when zero load can be higher or lower than radius of wheel R, wherein the area in front is L1 * W, constitute with loading plate 23, the area in back is L * W, be spliced with the movable carrying of polylith plank 8, purpose is conveniently to be moved to move, and abdicates the weight 10 that the locus is loaded and unloaded for preparation, is convenient to the lifting of hoist 14 above-below directions; Active area is that the loading plate of L * W also can replace with rotating loading plate 54, its front end hangs on the axle 31, and can rotate around axle 31, and ground can be arrived by let-down in the rear end, form the angle of φ with ground, utilize this bevelled plate face that weight 10 is dragged and get on the bus or push car.

2, adopt the independent LL suspension speed change drive axle structure of changing direction, in swing arm 30, can realize suspension, vehicle bridge, change transmission speed simultaneously, become five functions of direction of transfer, driving.1. the axis hole end of swing arm 30 is enclosed within on the axle 31, can only rotate around axle 31, other all degree of freedom have been limited, make the position of swing arm axle housing 50 can bear longitudinal force, transverse force, twist moment, but mounting shock absorber 40, swing arm spring 41 can bear the bearing force up and down around axle 31 swaying directions in the swing arm 30, have suspension function; 2. swing arm 30 has axle housing 50, in establish jack shaft 47, through wheel hub 49, disc 46, supporting the function that tire 39 has vehicle bridge; 3. 28 li functions that have gear 51,52 can realize changing transmission speed of swing arm 30 gears case; 4. laterally helical wheel 52 and longitudinal spiral gear 51 change 90 ° of direction of transfer; 5. transmission shaft 29 rotates wheel hub 49 to flange 48 through gear 51,52, semiaxis 47, has the driving function.

3, the top of railway carriage is furnished with

portal frame

12,16,19, longitudinal beam 13, hoist 14, wherein

portal frame

12,16,19 not necessarily is three, longitudinal beam 13 can have a plurality of, hoist 14 also can have a plurality of, and the position of hoist 14 can replace with other lifting appliance such as electronic or hydraulic pressure.

4, movable bearing surface type automobile can transform into to pulling bogie.

Technique effect of the present invention: do not need special weight-lifting equipment in the initial point and the final position of transportation when transporting the weight greatly that relies on the manual handling difficulty, the accessory equipment that weight is transported initial point and terminal point occasion does not require, convenient transportation; The lifting position of this car is within the cargo carrying area, and the lifting process only needs automobile self tire to support, and does not need other lifting accessory machinery feet, and complete vehicle weight is lighter relatively; The weight sling height is low, and conveniently assemble and disassemble at the bottom of the weight " loaded " position, at the bottom of the centre of gravity of vehicle, improves running car stability, reduces potential safety hazard.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 a movable bearing surface type automobile structural front view.

Fig. 1 b movable bearing surface type automobile structure birds-eye view.

Fig. 1 c movable bearing surface type automobile structure side view.

Fig. 2 LL suspension speed change drive axle scheme drawing of changing direction.

Fig. 3 rotates loading plate and drags dress weight scheme drawing.

Fig. 4 has the movable bearing surface type towed vehicle scheme drawing of power capstan.

1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6-7- 8- 9- 10- 11- 12- 13- 14- 15- 16- 17- 18- 19- 20- 21- 22- 23- 24- 25- 26- 27- 28- 29- 30- 31- 32-33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 38- 39- 40- 41- 42- 43- 44- 45- 46- 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60- 61- 62- 63- 64- 65- 66- 67-

The specific embodiment 1

Lifting method loads and unloads weight up and down.In conjunction with Fig. 1 (a), Fig. 1 (b), Fig. 1 (c) present embodiment is described:

For the weight 10 that is in a certain ground location is loaded onto car, at first open left and right

sides tail gate

11,26, then polylith carrying plank 8 is moved and move, get out of the way hoist 14 belows until behind the ground-surface locus, start the automobile reversing back, the position of weight 10 is entered within the zone of being moved plank 8, be weight 10 be in hoist 14 under, connect weight 10 and hoist 14 with triangular form suspension bracket 45, and startup hoist 14 hangs ground to weight 10, in the process of slinging, longitudinal beam 13 is subjected to the downward application force of weight 10, through

portal frame

12,16,19 pass to

transverse axis

34,31, make

swing arm

5,33,24,30 overcome spring force, the resistance of bumper sways,

transverse axis

34,31 positions can descend, be that sling height H can reduce, when the baseplane of weight 10 is higher than H, start hoist 14 and move forward and weight 10 is fallen on the loading plate 23, refill second weight then.If have only a weight, when lifting by crane when being higher than the H position, also can be directly carrying plank 8 be put into

earlier carriage

9,9 backmost ' on, back into the home position then forward, again weight is directly fallen on the carrying plank 8, be convenient to unload, not necessarily move forward hoist 14, weight 10 is fallen on the loading plate 23, and the process of unloading is opposite with front entrucking process.

The specific embodiment 2

Inclined-plane push-pull fashion loading and unloading weight.Describe in conjunction with-3 pairs of present embodiments of figure:

sides tail gate

11,26, aim at the position reversing back of weight 10, make the rear end of rotating loading plate 54 as far as possible near weight 10, utilize hoist cable 58 then, suspension ring 56 are connected with hoist 14, loading plate 54 rear ends of slinging earlier make it clockwise rotate around transverse axis 31, when loading plate support pin 57 is left in the rear end of plate 54, extract pin 57, start hoist 14 the rear end of plate 54 to transferring, it is rotated counterclockwise around transverse axis 31, after the rear end is fallen to the ground, plate 54 and ground form the angle of φ, weight 10 is aimed on the inclined-plane, utilize hoist 14, steel rope 60, pulley 61 is moved weight 10 on the loading plate 23 to, is moved the position when tiltedly drawing for preventing hoist 14, selects fixedly hoist 14 positions of certain suitable location hole 15 usefulness pin 59.If have only a weight, after weight 10 is pulled on the inclined-plane, need not further move weight 10 on the loading plate 23 to again, but the rear end that utilizes hoist 14, hoist cable 58 and suspension ring 56 directly to sling loading plate 54, insert pin 57 then and put down hoist cable 58, the rear end of loading plate 54 is fallen on the support pin 57, with the purpose of pin 57 support bearing plates 54 is the stress that alleviates during transportation hoist cable 58, weight 10 is rested on the loading plate 54, can be convenient to like this unload, shut

tail gate

11,26 at last, the entrucking process finishes.Process weight 10 is wanted earlier weight 10 to be hung onto on the loading plate 54 in plate 23 positions if unload, and plate 54 is transferred to be the inclined-plane then, can directly push the inclined-plane to weight 10, also can slowly start automobile forward and gradually weight 10 is slipped to ground.When utilizing inclined-plane push-and-pull weight 10, the loading plate suspension ring 56 that may upwards erect are pushed in suspension ring groove 55, make it not influence sliding up and down of weight 10.

The specific embodiment 3

The movable bearing surface type towed vehicle.In conjunction with Fig. 4 present embodiment is described:

This movable bearing surface type automobile can transform the towed vehicle into as shown in Figure 4 into, remove front vehicle wheel 1, driving engine 21, diff 2, left and right sides

circular cone tooth

37,22, about before

longitudinal drive shaft

35,4 grades drive part, four

original swing arms

5,33,24,30 make two swing arms 24 into, 30, and become the non-powered axle structure, limit, left and

right sides longeron

38,3 front end makes the shape of draw beam 65 into, newly be equipped with pulley 62 again, small diesel engine 63, capstan winch 64, support 66, eye hitch 67, just can supply with various self-propelled vehiclees and pull use, realize self-chambering and self-unloading than big article with towability.

Claims

1, a kind of movable bearing surface type automobile, mainly by the independent LL suspension speed change drive axle of changing direction, compartment movable bearing surface and gantry lifting appliance are formed, it is characterized in that the described independent LL suspension speed change drive axle of changing direction comprises: have suspension, vehicle bridge, the speed change degree, become direction of transfer, the independent LL (33 of five functions that drive, 5,30,24), simultaneously, two transverse axis (34 before and after swing arm is installed in respectively, 31) end about, transverse axis (34,31) left-right longeron (38,3) rear end is fixed together, and in each swing arm wheel is housed, support spring, bumper; First from the power of driving engine (21) through diff (2), vertical conical gear (37,22) transmits backward about passing through respectively then, drives former and later two wheels of both sides more respectively through universal-joint, front propeller shaft, front drive gear case, rear propeller shaft, rear drive gear case; Said compartment movable bearing surface comprises two layers up and down, two top box loading plates (43,43 ') about the upper strata is divided into, its position is in the outside of two longerons (38,3) respectively, position height is higher than the wheel external diameter, two following compartment loading plates before and after lower floor can be divided into, its position is in the inboard of two longerons (3,38), and position height can be lower than radius of wheel, and a wherein back loading plate is necessary for movable the layout; Said gantry lifting appliance comprises the portal frame that is arranged in railway carriage top, be positioned at the longitudinal beam (13) at portal frame top and be contained on the longitudinal beam also the hoist (14) that beam longitudinally moves.

2, a kind of movable bearing surface type automobile according to claim 1 is characterized in that top box loading plate (43, the 43 ') area of described compartment movable bearing surface all is (L+L1) * W1, and carrying surface is H+H1 apart from floor level, is higher than wheel diameter 2R; Described railway carriage board down is H apart from floor level, and the H of car when zero load can be higher or lower than radius of wheel R, and a wherein last area is L1 * W, and a back area is L * W.

3, a kind of movable bearing surface type automobile according to claim 2, it is characterized in that a described back loading plate can adopt dual mode: the one, available polylith movable carrying plank (8) is spliced, and (L * W), its two ends are placed on respectively on the plank carriage (9,9 ') that is fixed in longeron (38,3) inboard, back area; The 2nd, (L * W) constitutes with the end loading plate (54) that sways this area, and the front end of described rotation loading plate (54) flexibly connects with axle (31), and the rear end can form the φ angle with ground and put and fall to the ground; The two also available active area W of following compartment loading plate * (L1+L) replacements before and after the lower floor, whole compartment loading plate down all is movable.

4, a kind of movable bearing surface type automobile according to claim 1, it is characterized in that portal frame, longitudinal beam (13) and hoist (14) in the lifting appliance of described gantry can have a plurality of, and the position of hoist (14) can replace with lifting appliances such as electronic or hydraulic pressure, and the lifting propulsion source can also can be equipped with other minitype motivation equipment specially from this automotive engine.

5, a kind of movable bearing surface type automobile according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described swing arm (30) is through swing arm axle housing (50), wheel hub (49), disc (46) is supporting tire (39), gear case (28) is arranged in the swing arm (30), the longitudinal spiral gear (51) and the horizontal helical wheel (52) that are meshing with each other and can change 90 ° of direction of transfer are arranged in the gear case (28), longitudinal spiral gear (51) and laterally helical wheel (52) be contained in respectively on the interior semiaxis (47) of transmission shaft (29) and swing arm axle housing (50), transmission shaft (29) is through longitudinal spiral gear (51), laterally helical wheel (52) and semiaxis (47) rotate transmission of power to flange (48) drive hub (49).