CN101348296B - 凹凸棒除砷剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种凹凸棒除砷剂，其技术方案的要点是，凹凸棒除砷剂由改性凹凸棒石粘土、活性凹凸棒石粘土、氢氧化钙、氯化铁和高锰酸钾组成。凹凸棒除砷剂的生产方法是：将凹凸棒除砷剂的配料混合后，输入磨粉机中进行磨粉，包装为凹凸棒除砷剂的成品。凹凸棒除砷剂在处理含砷水体时，可以直接将凹凸棒除砷剂撒入水体进行搅拌，凹凸棒除砷剂在水体中与砷、氟和铅等重金属产生化学反应，并迅速产生絮凝，将砷、氟和铅等重金属絮凝包裹后沉淀，达到除砷的目的，凹凸棒除砷剂适用于处理饮用水和其它含砷的污水。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及除砷剂，具体涉及一种凹凸棒除砷剂。
背景技术
砷是一种具有类金属特性的元素，广泛分布于大气、水、土壤、岩石和生物体中，砷化物自被发现以来就以其毒性而闻名，近年来，随着矿冶、陶瓷、皮革、农药等行业的快速发展，地下水环境中砷的污染日益严重，地方性砷中毒引起了世界范围的广泛关注。新疆、内蒙、贵州、山西等地区都有关于地方性砷病的报道，如黑足病、角质化和色素沉积等皮肤病，因此，在废水排放和饮用水标准中对砷的浓度作了严格地规定。
硫酸亚铁是除砷工艺中常用的试剂，但是单独使用硫酸亚铁除砷时絮凝的速度较慢，往往还需要进行多级处理，处理的成本较高。
中国专利公开号CN1648064，公开日为2005年8月3日，名称为“除氟、除砷水质净化剂及其制备方法”，公开了“除氟、除砷水质净化剂及其制备方法，主要组分由凹凸棒矿石粉及活性炭组成，先将凹凸棒矿石粉进行活化处理，处理后与活性炭按配比进行混合粉至80目细度制得粉剂1，然后将聚合氯化铝粉至80目细度制得粉剂2。本发明除氟、除砷量大，在除氟、除砷的同时，可除去水中超标的无机重金属离子，同时可除去水中极性和非极性有害有机分子，还可净化处理各类地表污染水，生活污水及各种工业废水。价格低廉，使用方便，处量水量大，适合广大农村地区，特别是经济落后的边远地区地方性氟中毒，地方性砷中毒病区居民使用。”
上述专利的不足之处是该项技术中聚合氯化铝是一种净水絮凝剂，不能直接除去水中的砷，凹凸棒矿石粉进行活化处理，处理后与活性炭按配比进行混合粉至80目，其吸附能力是得到了较大的提高，但是也不能直接吸附水中的砷，而水中的砷需要经过一些化学反应过程，生成亚砷酸钙、砷酸钙或砷酸铁等新的物质并产生沉淀，这样才能有利于凹凸棒矿石粉和活性炭进行吸附，以达到提高除砷率的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中不足之处，提供一种凹凸棒除砷剂。
凹凸棒除砷剂由改性凹凸棒石粘土、活性凹凸棒石粘土、氢氧化钙、氯化铁和高锰酸钾组成。凹凸棒除砷剂的生产方法是：将凹凸棒除砷剂的配料混合后，输入磨粉机中进行磨粉，包装为凹凸棒除砷剂的成品。
凹凸棒石粘土是一种含水富镁纳米级多孔纤维状硅酸盐粘土矿物，当凹凸棒石粘土中的凹凸棒含量≥60％时，凹凸棒石粘土的粘度高达5000mPa·s以上，
改性凹凸棒石粘土是将硫酸亚铁溶液加入凹凸棒石粘土进行改性处理，使用硫酸亚铁对凹凸棒石粘土进行改性处理，不但能提高凹凸棒石粘土的活性，重要的是硫酸亚铁与凹凸棒石粘土包裹在一起，有利于加快硫酸亚铁与砷的反应，增强吸附和除砷的效果。
活性凹凸棒石粘土，是用硫酸加入凹凸棒石粘土原矿中进行酸化，再经过高温焙烧为活性凹凸棒石粘土，活性凹凸棒石粘土的吸附性能得到了较大的提高，与其它试剂配伍能吸附水体中的砷、氟、铅等重金属和加快絮凝的速度。
氢氧化钙能提高水溶液的pH值，与砷结合生成亚砷酸钙、砷酸钙和氟化钙沉淀。氯化铁在高pH值条件下，与砷结合生成砷酸铁的同时还会产生大量氢氧化铁胶体，溶液中的砷酸根与氢氧化铁还可发生吸附共沉淀，从而可以得到较高的除砷率。
本发明通过下述技术方案予以实现：
1、凹凸棒除砷剂的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成：改性凹凸棒石粘土20～60％、活性凹凸棒石粘土20～60％、氢氧化钙2～25％、氯化铁0.5～15％和高锰酸钾0.01～1％；
所述改性凹凸棒石粘土的生产方法是：①硫酸亚铁水溶液的配制按重量百分比由下列组分组成：硫酸亚铁5～25％和水75～95％；②改性处理的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成：凹凸棒石粘土原矿55～65％和硫酸亚铁水溶液35～45％，将硫酸亚铁水溶液缓慢加入凹凸棒石粘土原矿中进行浸泡；③挤压：将浸泡后的凹凸棒石粘土，通过挤压机进行挤压为片状物，片状物的厚度≤3毫米；④将凹凸棒石粘土片状物输送到水泥晒场进行晾晒，晒干后凹凸棒石粘土片状物为改性凹凸棒石粘土，改性凹凸棒石粘土的含水量≤15％；
所述活性凹凸棒石粘土的生产方法是：①稀硫酸的配制按重量百分比由下列组分组成：浓度98％的硫酸3～5％和水95～97％；②酸化处理的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成：凹凸棒石粘土原矿55～65％和稀硫酸35～45％，将稀硫酸缓慢加入凹凸棒石粘土原矿中进行浸泡；③挤压：将浸泡后的凹凸棒石粘土，通过挤压机进行挤压为片状物，片状物的厚度≤3毫米；④焙烧：凹凸棒石粘土的片状物输送到焙烧炉内进行焙烧，焙烧时间为1.5～3小时，焙烧温度控制在320～450℃，焙烧后的凹凸棒石粘土片状物为活性凹凸棒石粘土。
2、凹凸棒除砷剂的生产方法是：将凹凸棒除砷剂的配料混合后，输入磨粉机中进行磨粉，磨粉后的颗粒细度小于0.074毫米，包装为凹凸棒除砷剂的成品。
凹凸棒除砷剂在处理含砷水体时，可以直接将凹凸棒除砷剂撒入水体进行搅拌，凹凸棒除砷剂在水体中与砷、氟和铅等重金属产生化学反应，并迅速产生絮凝，将砷、氟和铅等重金属絮凝包裹后沉淀，达到除砷的目的。
凹凸棒除砷剂适用于处理饮用水和其它含砷的污水。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述：
1、凹凸棒除砷剂的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成：改性凹凸棒石粘土45％、活性凹凸棒石粘土30％、氢氧化钙15％、氯化铁9.9％和高锰酸钾0.1％；
所述改性凹凸棒石粘土的生产方法是：①硫酸亚铁水溶液的配制按重量百分比由下列组分组成：硫酸亚铁20％和水80％；②改性处理的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成：凹凸棒石粘土原矿55％和硫酸亚铁水溶液45％，将硫酸亚铁水溶液缓慢加入凹凸棒石粘土原矿中进行浸泡；③挤压：将浸泡后的凹凸棒石粘土，通过挤压机进行挤压为片状物，片状物的厚度≤3毫米；④将凹凸棒石粘土片状物输送到水泥晒场进行晾晒，晒干后凹凸棒石粘土片状物为改性凹凸棒石粘土，改性凹凸棒石粘土的含水量≤15％；
所述活性凹凸棒石粘土的生产方法是：①稀硫酸的配制按重量百分比由下列组分组成：浓度98％的硫酸3％和水97％；②酸化处理的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成：凹凸棒石粘土原矿55％和稀硫酸45％，将稀硫酸缓慢加入凹凸棒石粘土原矿中进行浸泡；③挤压：将浸泡后的凹凸棒石粘土，通过挤压机进行挤压为片状物，片状物的厚度≤3毫米；④焙烧：凹凸棒石粘土的片状物输送到焙烧炉内进行焙烧，焙烧时间为2小时，焙烧温度控制在320～350℃，焙烧后的凹凸棒石粘土片状物为活性凹凸棒石粘土。
2、凹凸棒除砷剂的生产方法是：将凹凸棒除砷剂的配料混合后，输入磨粉机中进行磨粉，磨粉后的颗粒细度小于0.074毫米，包装为凹凸棒除砷剂的成品。
Claims (1)
1.一种凹凸棒除砷剂，其特征在于，凹凸棒除砷剂的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成：改性凹凸棒石粘土20～60％、活性凹凸棒石粘土20～60％、氢氧化钙2～25％、氯化铁0.5～15％和高锰酸钾0.01～1％；
所述改性凹凸棒石粘土的生产方法是：①硫酸亚铁水溶液的配制按重量百分比由下列组分组成：硫酸亚铁5～25％和水75～95％；②改性处理的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成：凹凸棒石粘土原矿55～65％和硫酸亚铁水溶液35～45％，将硫酸亚铁水溶液缓慢加入凹凸棒石粘土原矿中进行浸泡；③挤压：将浸泡后的凹凸棒石粘土，通过挤压机进行挤压为片状物，片状物的厚度≤3毫米；④将凹凸棒石粘土片状物输送到水泥晒场进行晾晒，晒干后凹凸棒石粘土片状物为改性凹凸棒石粘土，改性凹凸棒石粘土的含水量≤15％；
所述活性凹凸棒石粘土的生产方法是：①稀硫酸的配制按重量百分比由下列组分组成：浓度98％的硫酸3～5％和水95～97％；②酸化处理的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成：凹凸棒石粘土原矿55～65％和稀硫酸35～45％，将稀硫酸缓慢加入凹凸棒石粘土原矿中进行浸泡；③挤压：将浸泡后的凹凸棒石粘土，通过挤压机进行挤压为片状物，片状物的厚度≤3毫米；④焙烧：凹凸棒石粘土的片状物输送到焙烧炉内进行焙烧，焙烧时间为1.5～3小时，焙烧温度控制在320～450℃，焙烧后的凹凸棒石粘土片状物为活性凹凸棒石粘土；
将凹凸棒除砷剂的配料混合后，输入磨粉机中进行磨粉，磨粉后的颗粒细度小于0.074毫米，包装为凹凸棒除砷剂的成品。
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| CN102531083B (zh) * | 2010-12-10 | 2014-04-30 | 北京师范大学 | 一种铁改性凹凸棒石吸附剂处理金霉素废水的方法 |
| CN102531087B (zh) * | 2010-12-10 | 2014-04-30 | 北京师范大学 | 一种铝改性凹凸棒石吸附剂处理多西环素废水的方法 |
| CN102531084B (zh) * | 2010-12-10 | 2014-04-30 | 北京师范大学 | 一种铁改性凹凸棒石吸附剂处理四环素废水的方法 |
| CN102531086B (zh) * | 2010-12-10 | 2014-04-30 | 北京师范大学 | 一种铝改性凹凸棒石吸附剂处理四环素废水的方法 |
| CN102327763B (zh) * | 2011-07-26 | 2012-12-26 | 许盛英 | 球形醇基杀菌保鲜液脱水剂 |
| CN102327765B (zh) * | 2011-07-26 | 2012-12-26 | 许盛英 | 颗粒状醇基杀菌保鲜液脱水剂 |
| CN102424395B (zh) * | 2011-09-06 | 2013-04-17 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所盱眙凹土应用技术研发中心 | 一种含氟阴离子表面活性剂改性凹凸棒黏土的制备方法 |
| CN104774071A (zh) * | 2014-01-14 | 2015-07-15 | 兰州交通大学 | 一种凹凸棒用于肥料增效剂的用途 |
| CN107473416A (zh) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-15 | 张德荣 | 一种微藻养殖液中重金属离子脱除的方法 |
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