CN101331013B - 刀片、刀片结构部件及制造刀片和刀片结构部件的方法 - Google Patents

刀片、刀片结构部件及制造刀片和刀片结构部件的方法 Download PDF

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CN101331013B
CN101331013B CN2006800359291A CN200680035929A CN101331013B CN 101331013 B CN101331013 B CN 101331013B CN 2006800359291 A CN2006800359291 A CN 2006800359291A CN 200680035929 A CN200680035929 A CN 200680035929A CN 101331013 B CN101331013 B CN 101331013B
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blade
foundation structure
limit
mould
limit structure
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CN101331013A (zh
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I·埃斯克利南
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Exel Oyj
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制造刀片(10)的方法，其中至少刀片(10)的复合基础结构(15)在拉挤成型工艺(20)中制成，其通过拉动纤维(11)通过至少一个浸渍阶段(12)和一个固化阶段(14)制成，基础结构(15)装备有至少一个磨损区(16.1，16.2)，所述刀片(10)从由基础结构(15)和磨损区域(16.1，16.2)构成的刀片坯料(22)上分离。刀片(10)的磨损区域由突伸出基础结构(15)的边缘之外的边结构部件(16.1，16.2)构成。此外，本发明也涉及相应的刀片及根据本发明制造刀片的组件。

Description

刀片、刀片结构部件及制造刀片和刀片结构部件的方法
[0001] 技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造刀片的方法，其中 
---至少刀片的复合基础结构在拉挤成型工艺中制成，其通过将纤维拉伸经过至少一个浸渍阶段和一个固化阶段制得。 
---基础结构装有至少一个磨损区，和 
---所述刀片从由基础结构与磨损区组成的刀片坯料上分离。 
此外，本发明也涉及一种根据该方法制造的刀片、刀片的结构组件和他们的制造方法。 
[0006] 背景技术
如今，复合刀片用于如造纸机的刮刀上。刀片的基础材料可例如是聚合物材料，如热塑性或热固性的聚合物材料。一种或多种纤维增强物可以加入聚合物结构内，该纤维增强物可以是如碳纤维、玻璃纤维、和/或硼纤维、和/或其他如金属纤维的连续纤维。这些纤维的取向能赋予拉长的刀片良好的强度和硬度。这些纤维被束缚在聚合物基质中，从而他们一起形成了一种板状的、刚性的复合结构。 
复合刀片的一个优点是其将轻质与高强度相结合，且对被刮刀刮的辊表面的作用柔和，但不会降低其刮刀力。 
芬兰专利FI-101637(PCT公开号WO-99/12726A1)公开了一种涉及复合刀片现有技术的形式。它公开了一种拉挤成型方法制造的刮刀，其中研磨颗粒与纤维增强物结合。这些用来起到在刮刀处理物上的清洁和维护作用。维护层中加入了研磨颗粒，该维护层由将研磨颗粒与碳纤维接触而形成，例如将一个碳纤维织构用基质助剂浸渍。研磨颗粒能位于刀片的至少一边，其形成磨损区，即刀片的工作边。 
芬兰专利申请FI-981312(PCT公开号WO-99/64674A1)中公开了另一种形式的现有技术。其中，刀片也由复合材料制造，如使用拉挤成型工艺制造，而在磨损区表面形成陶瓷涂层。陶瓷通过锚定结构连接到复合材料表面上。锚定结构全部连接复合件。陶瓷涂层通过如热喷涂或其他适合的方法在复合件表面上形成。制造涂层的工艺与实际的拉挤工艺实质上分离进行。这使刀片制造复杂化。 
美国专利US-4549933公开了复合刀片的第三个例子。 
现在，在拉挤工艺中借助于例如铸进刀片基材中的玻璃纤维增强物，那些已公开的刀片结构被拉伸经过拉挤工艺。单纯为了拉伸而设置增强物会增加刀片的制造成本。此外，刀片的工作耐受性十分有限，因为研磨颗粒与刀片基础结构件连接，即碳纤维复合件，其容易磨损，或者另外因为锚定到复合件的陶瓷涂层的厚度是有限的。 
[0012] 发明内容
本发明旨在创造一种制造复合刀片的方法，根据相应方法制造的刀片，相应刀片的结构组件和制造结构组件的方法。根据本发明的刀片制造方法的特点在权利要求1中有所阐述，根据方法制造的刀片的特点在权利要求6中有所阐述，刀片的边结构部分的特点在权利要求6中有所阐述，刀片基础结构的制造方法的特点在权利要求11中有所阐述，根据方法制造的基础结构的特点在权利要求12中有所阐述。 
[0013]
本发明提供一种用于制造刀片的方法，其中，至少刀片的复合基础结构在拉挤工艺中通过拉动纤维经过至少一个浸渍阶段和一个固化阶段制成；所述基础结构配备有至少一个磨损区域；和所述刀片从由所述基础结构与磨损区域构成的刀片坯料上分离，其特征在于，所述磨损区域包括边结构部件，该边结构部件突伸出所述基础结构的边缘之外并且在形成刀片坯料时与所述基础结构同时形成。 
本发明还提供一种刀片，它包括复合基础结构，所述复合基础结构上装备有至少一个磨损区域，且至少所述刀片的所述基础结构在拉挤工艺中制造，其中将纤维拉动经过至少一个浸渍阶段和一个固化阶段，其特征在于，所述磨损区域设置为包括边结构部件，该边结构部件突伸出所述基础结构的边缘之外并且在形成刀片坯料时与所述基础结构同时形成。 
本发明还提供一种用于制造刀片的复合基础结构的方法，其中在所述刀片的基础结构上设置至少一个磨损区域，其中所述刀片的所述基础结构是通过在拉挤工艺中拉动纤维经过至少一个浸渍阶段和一个固化阶段制成的，其特征在于，在所述固化阶段中，用于突伸出所述基础结构之外的边结构部件的空间设置在所述基础结构的边缘上，所述边结构部件形成所述刀片中的所述磨损区域，并且在形成刀片坯料时与所述基础结构同时形成。 
本发明还提供一种刀片的复合基础结构，该刀片的复合基础结构在拉挤工艺中通过拉动纤维经过至少一个浸渍阶段和一个固化阶段制成，在所述复合基础结构上设置至少一个磨损区域，其特征在于，用于突伸出基础结构之外的边结构部件的空间设置在所述基础结构的边缘上，所述边结构部件设置为形成所述刀片的所述磨损区域，并且在形成刀片坯料时与所述基础结构同时形成。 
根据第一实施例，根据本发明的制造方法中，当形成刀片坯料时，边结构部件相对于基础结构组成自己独立的部分，该边结构部件连接到刀片的复合基础结构件上。相对于刀片的纵轴成直角，即以刀片的横截方向，清晰地从基础结构的边缘伸出的边结构部件能够在成品刀片中形成，所述成品刀片与刀片坯料分离，且刀片上具有至少一个磨损区域。 
根据一个优选实施例，如果在拉挤工艺自身中边结构件已经连接到基础结 构件上，通过从基础结构件伸出的边结构部件，纤维或通常刀片坯料被拉伸经过拉挤工艺。因此，伸出复合件边缘的边结构部件能被拉挤地铸入刀片基础结构中，甚至是在刀片基础结构的两边。正因为这个原因，不需要将特殊拉伸纤维铸进复合件，在一个工艺中该复合件构成的刀片坯料经过根据现有技术的拉挤工艺拉伸形成。边带拉伸也将提高纤维取向的稳定性。 
根据本发明的制造刀片的另一种方法是将边结构部件随后连接到在拉挤工艺中已形成的刀片的基础结构上。无论如何，在这两种制造方法中制造刀片，其中边结构部件铸进基础结构中，从而形成增强塑料结构。 
连接在基础结构上的双面边结构部件也可以让刀片有惊人的多种应用。同一种刀片甚至能使用两次。一旦刀片一边的磨损容限用完，刀片可以颠倒使用。另一方面，制造刀片期间，沿刀片坯料的纵轴能将刀片坯料分成两半。这可以从一片单独适合尺寸的毛坯中制造具有两个不同类型的磨损边的两个刀片。刀片的一个工作边装配上特殊的边部件结构，而另一个边由复合基础材料制成。因此一旦一个边的磨损容限消耗之后，同一刀片甚至能用于不同的刮刀位置。 
根据本发明的一个实施例，特殊的连接可以设置在边结构部件内。这些能用于确保浇铸到基础结构并伸出其边缘的边结构部件在刀片自身基础结构的结合力。根据本发明的一个实施例，连接可通过浸渍剂在连接相应的点上穿过边结构部件而完成。使用这样一个三维连接将确保边结构与实际基础结构稳固的结合，且提高了浇铸效果。连接也能分组，从而在各个方向产生足够的连接强度。这也有助于影响单个连接的性质，相对于连接形成的组中的其他连接。 
本发明的其他特点从在随后的权利要求中变的明显，而本发明进一步取得的其他优点将在说明书部分予以说明。 
[0024] 附图说明
本发明参考附图更详细的说明，但不限于以下所述实施例，其中 
图1说明了根据本发明制造方法的一个实例的示意性草图， 
图2a和2b说明了从不同方向看到的作为一个应用实例的根据本发明制造的刀片， 
图3说明了边带中连接的另一个例子， 
图4说明了根据本发明的用于制造一个刀片的复合基础结构的另一个例子， 
图5说明了根据本发明的用于制造一个刀片的复合基础结构的第三个例子，和 
图6a和6b说明了边带及基础结构中的连接设置的其他例子。 
具体实施方式
图1说明了根据本发明的制造复合刀片10方法的一个实施例。根据本发明的刀片10至少部分的使用拉挤方法，在已知的模拉挤工艺20中制造。同样地，对本领域技术人员来说，拉挤工艺20是传统技术，从而没有必要在上下文中进行特别详细说明。 
但是，在拉挤工艺20中，纤维/纤维席11被拉伸经过拉挤工艺特有的基础阶段，产生了刀片坯料22，其可以是直的或者卷绕在卷筒27上，刀片10可从卷筒27上分离。纤维11例如可以是碳纤维和/或玻璃纤维和/或芳族聚酰胺纤维和/或硼纤维，这绝不被本发明的基本理念限制。由碳纤维和玻璃纤维组成的复合物的比例的实例例如为40/60，甚至更常见为35/65。复合物可具有任意纤维取向。根据一个实施例，例如，玻璃纤维层可取向为平行于刀片10的纵轴，而至少一些含有碳纤维的层可偏离刀片10的纵轴方向。 
刀片坯料22由具有数个纤维层的刚性形面基础结构15构成，纤维层呈现出加强塑料结构的形式，刀片坯料22装备有至少一个磨损区域16.1，16.2。图1中，毛坯22的拉伸方向如箭头所示。工艺20中的各个阶段中，至少浸渍阶段12和固化阶段14在上下文中进行说明。 
纤维11被设置在预定组的几个卷筒21上。从那里，引导装置(未示出)用于将他们首先引入浸渍阶段12。那里，纤维11浸渍上过量的一些经过选择的基质剂23，例如，如聚合物材料。这些例子为所述的用氟化物处理的热固性树脂、热塑性树脂或(环氧)树脂。也可参考加入具有助剂的树脂，例如在树脂中填充纳米颗粒。进行过量浸渍，在浸渍阶段12中，过量浸渍物已经流走。浸渍阶段12后是实际的模拉挤工艺，即固化阶段14。 
拉挤14中，浸渍了聚合物23的纤维11被拉伸经过选定种类的模14′。设定的温度和压力作用也和拉挤14一同作用。结果，聚合物23***并获得强度，而纤维11硬化到由模14′确定的想要的形状。因而，固化阶段14是一种如本领域技术人员所知的化学反应，其在不同的温度和压力作用的区域内发生，这种设置对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。最终的固化也可采用后固化，如在后固化高压釜(未示出)。 
如卷绕在卷筒27上或是直的成品的刀片坯料22使用拉伸装置19被拉伸。拉伸装置19包括如由至少两个辊组成的夹子，刀片坯料22经过夹子到达卷筒27。例如在最窄类型的刀片的例子中，刀片坯料22的100米-150米能卷绕到卷筒27上，之后发生改变。成品刀片10能从毛坯22中分离，如在后续阶段中削切到用户所需的尺寸，或替换地代替卷绕。以上所述方法能在很多不同的方面变化。 
根据本发明的制造方法20中，刀片10的至少一个磨损区域由独立的边结构部分16.1、16.2形成，在该例中，在拉挤方法20中边结构部分16.1、16.2已经连接到复合基础结构15上。工艺20产生了一个惊人的片-层状物复合刀片，其中，在同样连续的拉挤工艺20中，同时形成复合基础结构15和结合在复合结构的用于磨损的边结构部分16.1、16.2，例如通过层压形成，且该边结构部分伸出实际的基础结构15的边缘。边结构部分16.1、16.2或至少他们的点16.1′、  16.2′经过抗磨损处理或涂层，例如其可通过现有技术的方法实施。突出的特点是不需要为了获得具有特殊的耐磨损区域而进一步处理拉挤工艺20中获得的刀片坯料22，而取而代之的是其已在边带16.1和16.2自身中存在，上述边带通过浇铸连接在复合件15上。这是制造方法的一个明显优点。 
根据图1的一个实施例，在拉挤工艺20中，边带16.1、16.2连接到基础结构15的两边。边带16.1、16.2从卷16′中引入工艺生产线中。取决于边带16.1、16.2的材料，他们也能浸渍聚合物材料23。这尤其应用于复合带的实例中。在实际的固化阶段14之前，边带16.1，16.2从模14′的入口边26放到纤维11上，如此他们与纤维增强复合物15结合，形成单独完整的刀片坯料27，并在复合物15的侧面方向上，形成了伸出复合物15边缘的结构。换言之，可能与聚合物材料23一同处理的边带16.1，16.2和浸渍了聚合物材料23的纤维11一起送入模14′中，在模14′中，带16.1，16.2沿其部分宽度和全部长度被铸造到复合基础结构15上，例如在复合基础结构15的两边上。浇铸在模14′内进行，其中为边带16.1，16.2提供空间。 
将边带16.1，16.2连接到相对于实际的复合结构15的两边上，就制造方法而言取得了惊人的优点，刀片坯料22，即实际上的聚合物浸渍纤维11，能在基础结构15侧面方向上被向外伸出的边结构部分16.1，16.2拉伸而经过拉挤工艺20。使用带16.1，16.2拉伸提高了纤维取向的稳定性。带拉伸不需要实际的拉伸纤维/线。另一方面，如需要，也可拉伸与复合物15或带16.1，16.2联接为一体的纤维。拉伸线例如可以设置在带16.1、16.2的工作点16.1′、16.2′，在其上具有抗磨损涂层和处理。然后线也可保护工作点16.1′，16.2′。 
为了允许拉伸，拉伸装置19由几个设置在彼此之上的辊构成的一个夹子组成，拉伸装置19能在他们的纵轴方向设置，数个夹子可为一个挨着另一个放置，从而他们能支持在基础结构15两边的边带16.1，16.2拉伸。在此例中，根据制造的轮廓的厚度，辊在区域中定形，从而主要拉伸压力施加在带16.1，16.2上。这样设置一组辊19也是可能的，其中具有用于从基础结构15两边伸出的带16.1，16.2的两个平行的钳。拉伸装置19的实施方式也具有多种可能性。边带16.1，16.2尺寸的实例将在晚些给出。 
但是当然带16.1，16.2的可能的材料并不限于是连接形式的塑料带、金属带、复合物、陶瓷、或玻璃。复合带的纤维在纵向和横向的取向可以是任意的。  此外，纤维以一定角度偏离彼此。相比于基础结构15的复合物(操作温度，如200℃)，组成边带16.1，16.2的复合物具有极端抗热性(操作温度，如400℃)。这使形成带的复合物价格是形成基础结构15复合物的价格的许多倍，因此在磨损区域使用它切合实际。 
带16.1，16.2能处理为，其表面具有陶瓷表面、烧结表面、钻石表面、贵金属表面、铬表面、或结合使用上述表面。也可能使用不同种类的氮化、氧化、碳化表面作为热处理表面。这些处理或涂层也能应用到整个边结构部件16.1，16.2，或仅是工作点，即与刮刀处理物体接触的实际耐磨损区域16.1′，16.2′。本来边带16.1，16.2的涂层或表面处理并不旨在限制发明的基本观念，但替代地，早于拉挤工艺，能用不同种类的涂层或处理制造边带16.1，16.2，这对本领域技术人员是显而易见的。当然，如果因为一些原因、情况的需要，处理和涂层能被替代，或甚至在拉挤工艺之后与预处理一同地做出。 
图2a和2b说明了根据本发明的复合刀片10的一个实例，其由从刀片坯料22分离制得。图2a显示了刀片10的一个截面图，而图2b显示了一个刀片10的侧面图。刀片10由作为复合结构的含有几个纤维层的基础结构15组成。基础结构15装有至少一个磨损区域16.1、16.2，其层压在基础结构上。此种刀片10能根据本发明的拉挤工艺20制造，其中纤维11被拉伸通过具有工艺特性的阶段，例如，至少一个浸渍阶段12和固化阶段14。 
例如根据本发明的拉挤工艺20中，刀片10的至少一个磨损区域由独立边结构部分16.1、16.2形成，其连接在基础结构15上。边结构部分16.1、16.2连接到基础结构15的两边，其允许在没有实际的拉伸纤维的情况下，纤维11拉伸经过拉伸工艺20。本实施例中，边带16.1、16.2和基础结构15组成一个完全的片状形状，从而在纵轴和宽度方向上是平坦的。当然边带16.1、16.2可以相对于基础结构15成小的角度。 
一个根据本发明的刀片10的总宽度实例为60-350mm，例如，150-250mm。该例中，边带16.1、16.2宽度可以为2-100mm，例如，5-60mm。刀片10的基础结构15的材料的厚度可以为0.5-10mm，例如，1-5mm。本例中，边带16.1-16.2的材料的厚度可以为0.1-6mm，例如，0.2-4mm。边带16.1、16.2穿透基础结构的贯穿度例如可以为基础结构15宽度的1-90％。从该贯穿区，在至少一面(不对称连接)或甚至两面，边带16.1、16.2被基础结构15的  纤维层围绕，而从其他区域，它从基础结构15的边沿处伸出且清晰地从实际基础结构15本身中分离。当刮除时，由于摩擦产生的热量被有效的传递，例如，从金属边带16.1、16.2到纤维复合物15，其有效的将热量从刀片10的工作点16.1′、16.2′传导到刀片10的其他部分。 
根据本发明的一个实施例，连接(或结合或者结合部)17.1-17.8，或至少一些锚定的形式，能布置在根据本发明的刀片的边带16.1、16.2内。这些是为了确保边带16.1、16.2和基础结构15之间的浇铸接合。图2b插图显示了连接17.1-17.8的设置方式的第一实施例。 
例如当制造时，或仅是边带16.1、16.2供入拉挤工艺20时，连接17.1-17.8与在线圈16′上的边带线圈一起分布。如果在边带16.1、16.2内的连接17.1-17.8的尺寸/形状/分布发生变化，例如以制造时的刀片坯料22为基础发生变化，在该例中如果尺寸和性质允许，很可能在制造几种类型的刀片过程中使用固定尺寸的边带16.1、16.2。在带16.1、16.2供入拉挤工艺20之前，锚点17.1-17.8本身先制造，其中边带毛坯16′已经可以呈现最后形状。为了产生连续的不受干扰的拉挤工艺，很明显，预先制造边带16.1、16.2使其成为最终的形状，即装配了连接17.1-17.8的边带，是最有利的实施方式。应该获知，本发明也涉及装有连接17.1-17.8的边带毛坯16′，为制造根据本发明的刀片10，通过边带毛坯16′将边带16.1、16.2引入连续的拉挤工艺中。 
连接(或结合或者结合部)17.1-17.8除了确保边带16.1、16.2与基础结构15结合，他们也可为浸渍剂23形成一个三维空间，在引入拉挤模14′之前，供入工艺的边带16.1、16.2也可与复合物11共同浸渍。一个产生连接17.1-17.8的实例是冲压。在冲压附近或冲压点处，粗糙化也能给连接带来问题，但是冲压给予边带16.1、16.2的清晰的3D结构产生了边带16.1、16.2内的浸渍剂23的更好的穿透/滞留，而同时也形成了确保边结构16.1、16.2和基础结构15浇铸连接的真正的机械锚。使用粗糙化本身可不必为浸渍剂/纤维取得足够的锚定/穿透空间，因为复合件15的热膨胀与如金属边带16.1、16.2的热膨胀十分不同。因此热膨胀会引起结合变弱，其会引起如在使用中刀片断裂。如果在带16.1、16.2导入拉挤工艺20之前，冲压立即进行，冲压装置(未示出)将组成拉挤工艺20的一部分。 
如果带16.1、16.2是复合的，将可能用聚合物材料23将其浸渍。如果在  阶段12，边带16.1、16.2浸入浸渍剂23中，其表面将在所需区域上浸渍。例如浸渍区域可以是在阶段14与复合基础结构15一同浇铸的准确面积.。连同浸泡，大量的浸渍剂23也将粘到连接17.1-17.8上，在此处，借助于它的表面张力和连接17.1-17.8有利的形状，它将在其他物体中保持粘性。 
连接17.1-17.8能形成彼此一定距离的对称连接组18.1-18.3。一个这些组间距离的实例是3-1000mm，例如5-300mm。根据一个实施例，当从带16.1、16.2的一侧观看，属于组18.1-18.3的连接17.1-17.8能组成不对称分布，其中相对的连接对(例如17.1，17.5)在带16.1相反侧。这样一种分布能用于提高带16.1、16.2与基础结构15的连接强度。为了将彼此有固定距离的连接17.1-17.8分组，冲压机被设置成分开制造它们，并考虑带16.1、16.2在冲压机械/拉挤中的位移速度。 
根据一个实施例，连接17.1-17.8的连接组18.1-18.3能形成星形模式。也可以考虑其他模式。在星形模式18.1-18.3中，也具有相应于罗盘(compass)罗经象限方位点的冲压连接翼17.1、17.3、17.5、17.7，其在相应于罗盘(compass)罗经方位基点的四个连接翼17.2、17.4、17.6、17.8之间。冲压是双面的，从而可替代地可在带16.1、16.2的两个板面实施。结果，每个第二压印能在带16.1、16.2的一侧上形成凹杯，其他冲压凸帽。每个杯/帽的直径一个例子为1-15mm，如2-10mm。因为在冲压中边结构冲压杯和帽的边缘的一部分，这就为浸渍剂23提供了更好的粘性/贯穿孔。 
冲压的结果，带16.1、16.2的一面的浸渍剂23与带16.1、16.2另一面的浸渍剂23通过冲压点接触。这进一步增强了结合，因为从这个通过冲压戳穿的点上，浸渍剂23形成了穿过带16.1、16.2的“钉”(spike)。一旦对已在阶段12粘附在实际粘性杯17.1-17.8的浸渍剂23进行硬化，其中实际粘性杯17.1-17.8形成一个在其位置处的夹持带16.1、16.2的突起，这就也额外增强了在带16.1、16.2和复合件15之间连接。 
图3显示了连接25实施方式的第二个实例。图3中，作为轴图观察，带16.1如图所示。为浇铸到复合件15上，连接25现在是由待浇铸到复合件15上的带16.1边缘处生成的弯曲25形成。 
弯曲25在带16.1的纵轴方向上彼此具有一定距离，他们能在带16.1相反面上交替定位。带16.1的纵轴方向弯曲25的长度例如可以是10-100mm，并且  弯曲间的距离是10-100mm。如图3所示的实例，弯曲25能彼此紧随，或在他们之间具有一个不弯曲保护区域。 
相对于具有平板基础特性的带16.1，弯曲25的角度可以是90度，或甚至更大。在该例中，弯曲能使用锐利的转弯，当其形成钩形扣，该扣可将带16.1和复合基础结构15牢固的连接。 
此外不同的波状(例如，正弦波、锯齿形、或方波形)也是一些连接的实例。一般而言，有可能涉及波状的形成，其导致与带16.1、16.2平特性或板形基础特点的偏离。 
使用将带结构16.1、16.2定位到复合件15的连接布置，在所有方向都能得到超高强度，从而边带16.1、16.2可靠的保持在复合体基础结构15内。这尤其表现在图2a和2b中显示的实施例中。这对刀片10的耐久性非常重要，因为当处理和在其使用点加上负荷时，在纵轴方向弯曲的刀片非常长。因此应力在刀片10的各个方向出现。借助于复合结构15和粘附在其上的带16.1、16.2，在纵轴方向上刀片10是非常柔韧的，并在刀片宽度方向上得到所需的硬度，二者在保持刮刀接触被刮的辊的整个长度方面非常重要。 
为制造根据本发明的刀片10，图4说明了第二实施例。在该例中，带16.1、16.2不连接在与连续拉挤工艺20有关的基础结构15上，改为在后操作过程中进行连接。现在在拉挤工艺20中，仅制造连续的复合形面基础结构15，本发明也涉及一个刀片10的基础结构及相应的方法。现在在模14′中具有多个形状，通过上述多个形状，在基础结构15的两边的内部，形成凹槽24或更广义的容纳边结构部件16.1、16.2的空间。在拉挤工艺20之后，带16.1、16.2能连接到凹槽24上。 
例如，连接可设置为，装有连接17.1-17.8的带16.1、16.2放入基础结构15为其形成的槽24中，之后带16.1、16.2能设置成起电阻的作用。导入带16.1、16.2的电流将带的温度升高到基质剂的操作温度。这引起带16.1、16.2在复合基础结构15上融化，而同时在它们之间形成强浇铸连接，连接17.1-17.8更增强了该连接。在热塑性的实例中这被称作熔融，而在热固性的实例中这被叫做树脂贯穿/粘附到带16.1、16.2的形面上。在任何情况下，复合物的基质剂23熔融并在带16.1、16.2上成型可能的连接形状。当电熔融终止时，基质剂硬化，结果是带16.1、16.2牢固的浇铸在实际基础结构15上。例如，如果基础结构15  与带16.1、16.2都是复合材料，带16.1、16.2与基础结构15的后连接带来的优点是，在其他情况中，消除了基础结构15与带16.1、16.2热膨胀的可能的差别。根据实施例，将至少一个磨损区域安装到基础结构件15上的操作可以发生在拉挤工艺20中(在线)，或仅在其后(离线)。将带16.1、16.2胶合到基础结构15也是可能的。 
在以上说明的实施例中，刀片10的基础结构15已经是板形的成形轮廓，即实质上没有拐角。在发明的上下文中，术语“成形轮廓”有非常广义的理解，从而基础结构15也能完全偏离平板形状。图5说明了包括成形轮廓复合基础结构15应用的第二个例子。其中，边带16.1、16.2在基础结构15的边伸出，基础结构15该边相对于基础结构15的平板中央部分成选择的角度。例如角度α可以是0-90°。该角度α可以位于基础结构15的一边，或两边。在其他实例中，使用这种成形轮廓结构的优点在于控制网面的移动。 
图6a和6b还说明了连接实施的另一个实施例。在图6a中，在边结构16.1和基础结构15内具有相反的爪28.1、28.2，一旦边结构16.1推入基础结构15的深槽24中，爪28.1、28.2保证了边结构16.1牢固地保持在基础结构15中。图6a中，基础结构15的爪28.2面对槽24。图6b中，在槽24内具有内部形状28.3，在边结构上也具有相对应的外部形状。如图3所示边结构类型能运用于此种基础结构中。 
可能的是，为几个不同的操作位置制造根据本发明方式的刀片坯料22。刀片10除了可以用作造纸机或纸板机内的刮刀和清洁刀片之外，它也可用在涂覆机器/装置内、浆机内、印刷机内、纸巾造纸机内、或一般涉及网面制造、造纸、或相近相关领域的应用中和完成/加工点，其中出于一种或多种目的使用刮刀。在上述机械中，刀片10可进一步用在上述机械中，作为保持纸质量和流动性的清洁刀片，和/或为了保持或获得辊的初始状态刀片10可作为维护刀片，其中通过该刀片维护被刮表面(例如，摩擦/抛光)。在清洁刀片的例子中，粘附在辊表面上的有害物质从其上除去。另外，根据本发明的装有边结构16.1、16.2的纤维增强的增强塑料复合刀片10也适合用作纸幅转移刮刀。 
例如，在涂覆机械应用中，设置带16.1、16.2的抗磨损点16.1′、16.2′非常重要。甚至在点16.1′、16.2′上的少量磨损，将改变刀片10与刮刀处理表面之间接触角度，并会立即影响保持在表面的涂敷量。取决于涂覆的方式，该表面可  以是如涂覆辊、或涂覆的网面。反过来，这将直接影响涂覆纸的质量。根据现有技术，每隔一段时间，甚至是每隔几个小时，必须更换涂覆机械中的刀片。因此，永久制造在带16.1、16.2的磨损区域内的磨损表面将增加刀片10的使用操作时间，因为通过使用它，在辊或网面上的涂覆量在长时间内可以尽可能的保持稳定。 
简而言之，通过从辊27上切下固定长度，刀片10能从刀片坯料22分离。在刀片10的边带结构16.1、16.2将包含两个磨损边16.1′、16.2′，其允许颠倒使用刀片。当刀片10的一边16.1′完全磨损时，倒转刀片10并使用另一边16.2′。一旦两边16.1′、16.2′都磨损完时，在刀片10的中间仍能沿着其纵轴(图2a中的虚线)惊人地将其劈开。这将提供两个相同的刀片，其劈开面即刀片10的基础结构15，形成了用作磨损刀片部分的工作区。这样的刀片可以用作正常刮刀使用，如在一些“软”辊位置，其中一般希望使用准确复合刀片。 
使用伸出复合物15边缘的边结构16.1、16.2，反过来减少了复合基础结构15的磨损。通常边结构16.1、16.2比复合结构15更耐磨损。 
根据本发明的第二实施例，刀片10已经沿图2a和2b中的虚线直接劈开，且连同的从刀片坯料22分离。实施劈开的方式是为了产生一个希望类型的工作点。因此，立即最初获得装有两个不同的工作区域的相同的刀片。一个工作区具有带，而另一工作区位于基础结构15。刀片10的可能的应用惊人地广泛。 
保持在刀片架的间隙内并防止刀片10从架上掉下的保持的部件和/或形状(未示出)能以下列方式排列，如已知的，在任何时候位于刀片10的工作边16.1′、16.2′的相反的边，或者在基础结构15内和/或在边部件16.1、16.2。 
必须理解，上述说明和相关图仅旨在描述本发明。因而，发明绝不仅限于公开的实施例或叙述的权利要求，本发明的不同的变形和应用，其可能在随之的权利要求限定的发明理念范围内，对本领域技术人员是显而易见的。 

Claims (5)

1.一种用于制造刀片坯料(22)的方法，其中，
至少刀片坯料(22)的复合基础结构(15)在拉挤工艺(20)中通过拉动纤维(11)经过至少一个浸渍阶段(12)和一个固化阶段(14)制成；
所述基础结构(15)配备有至少一个磨损区域；和
所述刀片坯料(22)由所述基础结构(15)与磨损区域构成，
其特征在于，所述磨损区域包括边结构部件(16.1，16.2)，该边结构部件(16.1，16.2)和浸渍了聚合物材料的纤维(11)一起送入模中，在该模中，边结构部件(16.1，16.2)沿其部分宽度和全部长度被铸造到所述复合基础结构(15)上，浇铸在所述模内进行，在该模中为边结构部件(16.1，16.2)提供空间，从而所述边结构部件(16.1，16.2)突伸出所述基础结构(15)的边缘之外并且在形成刀片坯料(22)时与所述基础结构(15)同时形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述边结构部件(16.1，16.2)和浸渍了聚合物材料的纤维(11)一起送入模中，在该模中，边结构部件(16.1，16.2)沿其部分宽度和全部长度被铸造到所述复合基础结构(15)的两边上，浇铸在所述模内进行，在该模中为边结构部件(16.1，16.2)提供空间，从而所述边结构部件(16.1，16.2)连接到所述基础结构(15)的两边，并从所述边结构部件(16.1，16.2)拉伸纤维(11)经过拉挤工艺(20)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述基础结构(15)的两边的内部设置用于边结构部件(16.1，16.2)的凹槽(24)。
4.一种刀片坯料(22)，它包括复合基础结构(15)，所述复合基础结构上装备有至少一个磨损区域，且至少所述刀片坯料(22)的所述基础结构(15)在拉挤工艺(20)中制造，其中将纤维(11)拉动经过至少一个浸渍阶段(12)和一个固化阶段(14)，其特征在于，所述磨损区域设置为包括边结构部件(16.1，16.2)，该边结构部件(16.1，16.2)和浸渍了聚合物材料的纤维(11)一起送入模中，在该模中，边结构部件(16.1，16.2)沿其部分宽度和全部长度被铸造到所述复合基础结构(15)上，浇铸在所述模内进行，在该模中为边结构部件(16.1，16.2)提供空间，从而所述边结构部件(16.1，16.2)突伸出所述基础结构(15)的边缘之外并且在形成刀片坯料(22)时与所述基础结构(15)同时形成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的刀片坯料(22)，其特征在于，所述边结构部件(16.1，16.2)安装在所述基础结构(15)的两边。
CN2006800359291A 2005-09-28 2006-09-26 刀片、刀片结构部件及制造刀片和刀片结构部件的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101331013B (zh)

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