CN101311722B - High vacuum environment rotary part heating and cooling apparatus and method - Google Patents
High vacuum environment rotary part heating and cooling apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101311722B CN101311722B CN2007100994801A CN200710099480A CN101311722B CN 101311722 B CN101311722 B CN 101311722B CN 2007100994801 A CN2007100994801 A CN 2007100994801A CN 200710099480 A CN200710099480 A CN 200710099480A CN 101311722 B CN101311722 B CN 101311722B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heating and cooling device of rotary parts in high vacuum environments and a method thereof; wherein, the device comprises a vacuum cavity and a temperature control device which is arranged in the vacuum cavity; the temperature control device comprises an annular low temperature heat sink, a hollow heater arranged in the annular low temperature heat sink and a rotary mechanism which is positioned in the heater; the rotary mechanism is connected with a lower cover plate of the low temperature heat sink through a locating column and support made of brass. The method of the invention controls the heating current of the heater through a temperature control unit and achieves the purpose of heating and cooling the rotary parts by stopping and adding refrigeration fluids in the low temperature heat sink. The heating and cooling device and the method thereof greatly improve the cooling rate and the heating rate by combining radiation heat transfer and solid thermal conductivity and can be used for simulation experiments of lubricating materials as well as the cooling of moving parts in space machinery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to refrigeration and cryogenic technique field, particularly a kind of heating of rotary part and cooling device and method.
Background technology
In order to adapt to the Chinese Space science and technology development, require to solve a series of science of lubrications and technical matters.Lubrication technology is one of gordian technique that guarantees space delivery vehicle and aircraft security reliability service, and the space lubricant is directly related with the success or failure of aerospace engineering with technology, to having material impact in serviceable life of useful load.The lubrication problem in industrial technology field, space is usually directed to high temperature, low temperature, redox mediator, ultrahigh vacuum, height ratio load, high low speed, repeatedly start and stop, radiation special operation conditions such as (ultraviolet light, elemental oxygens etc.).
In order to carry out the simulation test research of space lubricant, lanzhou Chemicophysics Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences has set up the space lubricant material simulation test device under the conditions such as low temperature, high temperature, radiation.In simulation test device, the simulation test of space lubricant (as is better than 10 in very high vacuum
-7Pa) with under radiation, the different temperature carry out, to realize the comparatively duty of real simulated material under the space environment of universe.The simulation test temperature range wishes from the liquid helium temperature to 600K, even higher.Because the singularity of simulation test has brought difficulty for quick cooling, heating and the temperature control of friction material sample.
For realizing quick cooling, heating and temperature control, Physical Chemistry Technology Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed radiation heating and cooling device in a kind of space tribology analogue experiment installation.In this device, the heating and cooling of sample and specimen holder rely on the mode of radiant heat transfer to carry out.That is, well heater is surrounded on liquid nitrogen tank (liquid nitrogen heat sink) inner chamber (not contacting) that specimen holder (frictional disk) (does not contact), also is positioned over annular closed together on every side.Heat on the specimen holder and all need radiant heat transfer to be absorbed from the heat of room temperature by liquid nitrogen heat sink by turning axle.In test, this system has obtained comparatively ideal results: in vacuum tightness up to 10
-7In the environment of Pa, the sample maximum temperature can reach 600K during radiation heating, the sample minimum temperature can reach 130K, sample temperature-controlled precision in 130～600K temperature range and can reach ± 0.2K when radiation is cooled off.But the cooldown rate of this device is still lower, and sample is reduced to the 150K temperature from room temperature approximately needs 4 days time.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, propose a kind of temperature regulating device and the method that can in high vacuum, carry out Fast Heating and cooling rotary part.
For achieving the above object, the heating of rotary part and cooling device in the high vacuum environment provided by the invention, comprise vacuum chamber and be positioned at the temperature regulating device of vacuum chamber inside that described temperature regulating device comprises that ring-type low temperature is heat sink, be positioned at the well heater of the hollow of the heat sink inside of described low temperature, be positioned at the rotating mechanism of described well heater inside; Described ring-type low temperature is heat sink to have a lower cover; Described rotating mechanism is made up of stationary parts and rotary part, and described stationary parts is fixed on the described well heater by reference column, and turning axle passes the heat sink lower cover of described low temperature and is connected with described rotary part; Described well heater is by being supported and fixed on the heat sink lower cover of described low temperature; Described reference column and support all adopt brass to make.
In the technique scheme, described ring-type low temperature is heat sink to be annular liquid nitrogen tank, this liquid nitrogen tank has liquid nitrogen input pipe and gas nitrogen output tube, described liquid nitrogen input pipe is inserted by the top of described liquid nitrogen tank and extends to this trench bottom, and the port of described gas nitrogen output tube is positioned at described liquid nitrogen tank top and is communicated with this liquid nitrogen tank.
In the technique scheme, described well heater comprises the heater support and the heater strip that is wrapped on this support of hollow, and described heater support comprises a base plate, and described reference column is all fixedlyed connected with this base plate with described support; Described heater support adopts red copper to make.
In the technique scheme, described low temperature is heat sink also to have a upper cover plate, and described upper cover plate and lower cover all adopt red copper to make.
In the technique scheme, the cell wall of described liquid nitrogen tank adopts red copper or stainless steel to make.
In the technique scheme, the lower cover that described low temperature is heat sink is equipped with the needle bearing that brass is made in the junction with turning axle.
In the technique scheme, this device also has the temperature control unit, and the temperature sensor of described temperature control unit is installed on the described rotating mechanism.
The present invention also provides the heating and the cooling means of rotary part in a kind of high vacuum environment, and wherein, heating means are by the temperature control unit heating current of described well heater to be implemented control, make described rotating mechanism reach temperature required; Cooling means comprises the steps: 1) described vacuum chamber is vacuumized; 2) filling refrigeration working medium in low temperature is heat sink; 3) when described low temperature is heat sink when reaching the condensing temperature of refrigeration working medium, stop the refrigeration working medium of annotating; When described low temperature heat sink temperature surpasses 100K, the refrigeration working medium of annotating again; Constantly repeat to stop and the refrigeration working medium of annotating, reach minimum temperature up to described rotating mechanism.
In the technique scheme, described refrigeration working medium is a liquid nitrogen.
In the technique scheme, when described rotating mechanism temperature required during greater than 150K, the liquid nitrogen of not annotating during described low temperature is heat sink, control is implemented to the heating current of described well heater in the temperature control unit, makes described rotating mechanism reach temperature required; When described rotating mechanism is temperature required when being not more than 150K, then in low temperature is heat sink the filling liquid nitrogen so that described rotating mechanism reaches temperature required.
The present invention has following technique effect:
The method that the present invention combines by radiant heat transfer and solid conductive heat has increased substantially cooling and heating rate, thereby the temperature that makes the friction sample is reduced to 100K required time 4 days when originally only adopting radiant heat transfer from room temperature and is reduced to and be no more than 7 hours, for the test efficiency of sample heating in the virtual space temperature alternating friction test device and cooling device improve and reduce scientific research personnel's labour intensity created may.
The present invention not only can be used for lubricant material simulation test, also can be used for the cooling of moving component in the space flight machinery.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is radiation conduction combined heated and cooling device structural representation
Heating of Fig. 2 frictional disk and cooling device structure
The heating of Fig. 3 frictional disk is amplified with the part of cooling device structure
The drawing explanation
1--reference column 2--supports 3--well heater 4--turning axle
5--rotating mechanism 6--liquid nitrogen tank 7--lower cover 8--upper cover plate
9--needle bearing 10--liquid nitrogen input pipe 11--gas nitrogen output tube 12--vacuum chamber
The 13--heater support
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done description further.
Present embodiment provides the heating and the cooling system of rotary part in a kind of high vacuum environment, and this system is mainly used in the control of temperature alternating in the space environmental simulation friction test device.As shown in Figure 1, 2, this system is positioned over that (end vacuum pressure is better than 10 in the ultrahigh vacuum cavity 12
-7Pa), comprise that rotating mechanism 5 (being made up of last frictional disk and following frictional disk), well heater 3, liquid nitrogen heat sink (liquid nitrogen tank 6), ultrahigh vacuum seal turning axle 4, temperature measurement and control instrument, reference column 1 and well heater support 2.Liquid nitrogen heat sink is the liquid nitrogen tank 6 of annular closed, and this liquid nitrogen tank 6 has liquid nitrogen input pipe 10 and gas nitrogen output tube 11.Liquid nitrogen input pipe 10 and gas nitrogen output tube 11 are metal hose, and wherein liquid nitrogen input pipe 10 is introduced by vacuum chamber 12 bottoms, enters and be inserted to these liquid nitrogen tank 6 bottoms (being to be stopped up by gas nitrogen for fear of liquid nitrogen like this) then from liquid nitrogen tank 6 tops.One end of gas nitrogen output tube 11 is connected with liquid nitrogen tank 6 tops, and the other end is drawn from vacuum chamber 12 bottoms.So just guaranteed to be full of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen tank 6, the temperature that makes liquid nitrogen heat sink is uniformity as far as possible.Underproof lubricant is attached on the surface of the last frictional disk of specimen holder (being rotating mechanism 5) or following frictional disk, and friction ball is embedded in down frictional disk or goes up in the frictional disk (ball can freely rotate).Go up in the present embodiment that frictional disk is connected with reference column 1 and the post 1 that is positioned limits and can not rotate, following frictional disk is connected with described ultrahigh vacuum seal rotating shaft.When frictional disk rotates instantly, just can realize the rolling friction of ball to friction material.Because the space lubricant need be tested lubricant in high temperature range at the low temperature of 90～670K the specific (special) requirements of temperature, therefore, need carry out heating and cooling together to tested lubricant and attachment (frictional disk) thereof.
In the present embodiment, well heater 3 comprises heater strip and heater support 13.Heater support 13 is a hollow stent, and described frictional disk, following frictional disk and the reference column 1 gone up all places this heater support 13 inside.Heater strip can be shapes such as annular or spirality, is wrapped on the heater support 13, adopts the 220V single phase alternating current power supply to heat.Adopt electrically insulating material between described heater strip and the support, guarantee electrical isolation between heater support 13 and the heater strip.Heater support 13 can be an enclosed cavity and surround up and down frictional disk, can improve the temperature stability of frictional disk like this, but reduce its cooling rate slightly; Heater support 13 also can be the simple structure of not sealing, and can improve the cooling rate of frictional disk like this.
Annular liquid nitrogen tank 6 tops and bottom are fixed with upper cover plate 8 and lower cover 7 respectively, make annular liquid nitrogen tank 6 cores form a cavity.Well heater 3 places in the cavity at described annular liquid nitrogen tank 6 centers.Described reference column 1 is connected with the base plate of heater support 13, well heater supports and is connected with liquid nitrogen tank 6 lower covers 7 again.Reference column 1 and support 2 adopt brass material to make respectively, and heater support 13 (comprising support base plate, perisporium and lid) adopts red copper to make.Liquid nitrogen tank 6 cell walls preferably adopt the red copper material, but in order to improve intensity and to reduce weight, also can adopt stainless steel to make.Upper cover plate 8, lower cover 7 all adopt the red copper material.
The cooling of tested lubricant and attachment thereof (frictional disk) realizes by three approach: the one, by the approach of radiant heat transfer; The 2nd, by the approach of possible solid conductive heat; The 3rd, the blocking-up room temperature is to the leakage heat of frictional disk.Radiant heat transfer is to rely on well heater 3 surfaces 3 heat radiations realize to well heater again to low-temperature surface heat radiation, the frictional disk of liquid nitrogen heat sink.Solid conductive heat is to rely on the reference column 1 of the support 2 of well heater and frictional disk to do heat bridge to realize.Blocking-up leakage heat is that the needle bearing 9 that adopts the disconnected heat radiation from room temperature of upper and lower covers plate resistance of liquid nitrogen heat sink, adopts brass to make is blocked in turning axle 4 along the leakage heat of axle from room temperature, and turning axle 4 adopts thin-wall stainless steels to make.Like this, strengthened frictional disk to the heat sink heat transfer of low temperature, reduced the leakage heat of outer bound pair frictional disk, thereby reduced the minimum chilling temperature in frictional disk ground effectively and improved the cooling rate of frictional disk.
The heating of tested lubricant and attachment thereof (frictional disk) realizes by heater heats and by two heat transfer paths: the one, and well heater is to the radiant heat transfer of frictional disk; The 2nd, well heater is the heat conduction of heat bridge to frictional disk with frictional disk reference column 1.
The temperature control of tested lubricant and attachment thereof (frictional disk) is refrigerating capacity that suitable heat offsets liquid nitrogen heat sink is provided and is controlled target with the temperature of frictional disk by well heater, adopts automatic temperature control instrument to realize.Automatic temperature control instrument is the standard meter that can buy on the market, only needs at last frictional disk one temperature sensor is being installed, and its lead-in wire is connected on the device temperature controller in addition.Before the heating, at first vacuum chamber is vacuumized, reach 10 in vacuum tightness
-7After the Pa, the well heater energising, temperature controller is implemented control according to the required temperature of frictional disk to the heating current of well heater, finally reaches the purpose of control temperature.
When frictional disk is implemented cooling, at first vacuum chamber is vacuumized, reach 10 in vacuum tightness
-7After the Pa, give the liquid nitrogen of annotating in the liquid nitrogen tank, observe variation of temperature,, illustrate that liquid nitrogen tank has been full of liquid nitrogen, at this moment just can stop the liquid nitrogen filling when reaching liquid nitrogen temperature by the thermometer that is installed in the liquid nitrogen tank top.Meanwhile can see that its temperature is in continuous decline by the thermometer that is installed in frictional disk; up to cooling to minimum temperature (as 90K); temperature no longer descends or lowers the temperature very slow; at this moment can start shaft rotating motor; driving down, frictional disk rotates; begin the friction test under this temperature; be adjusted to if desired under another higher temperature and test; new temperature spot can be set on temperature controller; at this moment; the temperature controller control heater is started working, and is stabilized on this new temperature up to last frictional disk, just can test.So, can test, thereby the frictional behaviour that obtains friction material is with the variation of temperature curve from any temperature spot in the temperature range of 90K～670K.In the process of testing, to observe the variation of liquid nitrogen tank head temperature constantly, just need be when temperature is higher than 100K to the liquid nitrogen tank liquid nitrogen of annotating, at this moment because the liquid nitrogen filling is manual mode, if adopt automatic control mode can save this program, but a motor-operated control valve need be set on the liquid nitrogen charging line, is that controlled target is controlled automatically to the switch of valve with the liquid nitrogen tank head temperature.In addition, when the temperature of last frictional disk need be when 150K be above, liquid nitrogen tank just no longer needs the liquid nitrogen of annotating, and only relies on automatic temperature control instrument can finish the test that arrives the 670K temperature.
The device of present embodiment adopts the method that combines with radiant heat transfer and solid thermal conduction to solve the frictional disk problem slowly of lowering the temperature.Test findings shows: radiant heat transfer only can be reduced to below the 100K with the temperature of 7 hours frictional disks in conjunction with solid conductive heat.Thereby for the development of frictional disk heating and cooling system in the space tribology analogue experiment installation provides new technology.
In addition, the liquid nitrogen among the present invention can also use other refrigeration working medium to substitute.As when needing to obtain lower cryogenic temperature, can use the liquid helium refrigeration.
Claims (10)
1. the heating and the cooling device of rotary part in the high vacuum environment, comprise vacuum chamber and be positioned at the temperature regulating device of vacuum chamber inside that described temperature regulating device comprises that ring-type low temperature is heat sink, be positioned at the well heater of the hollow of the heat sink inside of described low temperature, be positioned at the rotating mechanism of described well heater inside; Described ring-type low temperature is heat sink to have a lower cover; Described rotating mechanism is made up of stationary parts and rotary part, and described stationary parts is fixed on the described well heater by reference column, and turning axle passes the heat sink lower cover of described low temperature and is connected with described rotary part; Described well heater is by being supported and fixed on the heat sink lower cover of described low temperature; Described reference column and support all adopt brass to make.
2. by described heating of claim 1 and cooling device, it is characterized in that, described ring-type low temperature is heat sink to be annular liquid nitrogen tank, this liquid nitrogen tank has liquid nitrogen input pipe and gas nitrogen output tube, described liquid nitrogen input pipe is inserted by the top of described liquid nitrogen tank and extends to this trench bottom, and the port of described gas nitrogen output tube is positioned at described liquid nitrogen tank top and is communicated with this liquid nitrogen tank.
3. by described heating of claim 1 and cooling device, it is characterized in that, described well heater comprises the heater support and the heater strip that is wrapped on this support of hollow, and described heater support comprises a base plate, and described reference column is all fixedlyed connected with this base plate with described support; Described heater support adopts red copper to make.
4. by described heating of claim 1 and cooling device, it is characterized in that described low temperature is heat sink also to have a upper cover plate, described upper cover plate and lower cover all adopt red copper to make.
5. by described heating of claim 2 and cooling device, it is characterized in that the cell wall of described liquid nitrogen tank adopts red copper or stainless steel to make.
6. by described heating of claim 1 and cooling device, it is characterized in that the lower cover that described low temperature is heat sink is equipped with the needle bearing that brass is made in the junction with turning axle.
7. by described heating of claim 1 and cooling device, it is characterized in that this device also has the temperature control unit, the temperature sensor of described temperature control unit is installed on the described rotating mechanism.
8. the heating and the cooling means of rotary part in the high vacuum environment of heating that utilizes rotary part in the described high vacuum environment of claim 1 and cooling device, wherein, heating means are by the temperature control unit heating current of described well heater to be implemented control, make described rotating mechanism reach temperature required;
Cooling means comprises the steps: 1) described vacuum chamber is vacuumized; 2) filling refrigeration working medium in low temperature is heat sink; 3) when described low temperature is heat sink when reaching the condensing temperature of refrigeration working medium, stop the refrigeration working medium of annotating; When described low temperature heat sink temperature surpasses 100K, the refrigeration working medium of annotating again; Constantly repeat to stop and the refrigeration working medium of annotating, reach minimum temperature up to described rotating mechanism.
9. by described heating of claim 8 and cooling means, it is characterized in that described refrigeration working medium is a liquid nitrogen.
10. by described heating of claim 9 and cooling means, it is characterized in that, when described rotating mechanism temperature required during greater than 150K, the liquid nitrogen of not annotating during described low temperature is heat sink, control is implemented to the heating current of described well heater in the temperature control unit, makes described rotating mechanism reach temperature required; When described rotating mechanism is temperature required when being not more than 150K, then in low temperature is heat sink the filling liquid nitrogen so that described rotating mechanism reaches temperature required.
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| CN2007100994801A CN101311722B (en) | 2007-05-22 | 2007-05-22 | High vacuum environment rotary part heating and cooling apparatus and method |
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| CN101311722B true CN101311722B (en) | 2011-05-11 |
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