CN101307294A - Pichia yeast for rapid utilizing industrial methanol and uses thereof - Google Patents

Pichia yeast for rapid utilizing industrial methanol and uses thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN101307294A
CN101307294A CNA200810123749XA CN200810123749A CN101307294A CN 101307294 A CN101307294 A CN 101307294A CN A200810123749X A CNA200810123749X A CN A200810123749XA CN 200810123749 A CN200810123749 A CN 200810123749A CN 101307294 A CN101307294 A CN 101307294A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
methyl alcohol
scp01
pichia pastoris
thalline
protein
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA200810123749XA
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄和
胡南
冯孝庭
董永良
何星材
肖爱华
熊世平
范益春
常淑梅
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JIANGSU COAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DESIGN INSTITUTE Co Ltd
Sichuan Hongtai Biochemical Co Ltd
Nanjing Tech University
Original Assignee
JIANGSU COAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DESIGN INSTITUTE Co Ltd
Sichuan Hongtai Biochemical Co Ltd
Nanjing Tech University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JIANGSU COAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DESIGN INSTITUTE Co Ltd, Sichuan Hongtai Biochemical Co Ltd, Nanjing Tech University filed Critical JIANGSU COAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DESIGN INSTITUTE Co Ltd
Priority to CNA200810123749XA priority Critical patent/CN101307294A/en
Publication of CN101307294A publication Critical patent/CN101307294A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a Pichia pastoris capable of taking methanol for industrial use as an only carbon source and energy source. The invention has a classification designation of Pichia pastoris ME-SCP01, which has been preserved in the common microorganism center of China Committee of Culture Collection for Microorganisms with a spawn collection number of CGMCC NO.2477. The strain belonging to a quick methanol utilization type Pichia pastoris can realize high-density cell culture and can be used for producing single-cell protein. A fermentation experiment using a 1000L bottle shows that: with an inoculum size of 5 percent, the dry weight of the cell reaches 120-130g/L and the content of crude protein reaches about 50 percent after 85 hours of fermentation culture.

Description

A kind of Pichia yeast and application thereof that utilizes industrial methanol fast
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of bioengineering, be specifically related to a kind of Pichia yeast that can utilize industrial methanol fast, utilize the method for Pichia yeast manufacture order cell protein and the application of this Pichia yeast.
Background technology
(Single-Cell Protein SCP), claims tropina or microbial proteinous again to single cell protein, is meant by mass-producing to cultivate the tropina as feed or food that non-pathogenic microorganism produces.
With the industrial methanol is that the methyl alcohol albumen that raw material production is come out is called as s-generation single cell protein, compare with native protein, its crude protein content is all higher than fish meal and soybean, contain abundant indispensable amino acid, minerals and vitamins, can the part substituted fish meal, soybean, bone meal, meat and skim-milk.And the proteic raw material of methyl alcohol is easy to get, resource is abundant relatively, do not account for the arable land, do not rely on the ocean, production is not subjected to weather influence, production rate is fast.
In April, 2008; Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO claims; because the soil of many suitable plantation grains; be used for building city, commercial centre or even golf course in a large number; make the interior a lot of countries of global range all begin to face crisis in food; Asia, the more geographic disadvantaged countries in Africa stand in the breach, and the minimum level since 1980 has been reduced in present global grain reserves.And with grains such as soybean be the feedstuff industry of main raw material also natural be subjected to serious impact, therefore, be the methyl alcohol albumen of raw material with the industrial methanol, just be subjected to worldwide extensive concern as a kind of novel biological protein feed.
The relevant expert analyzes, and to 2010 and the year two thousand twenty, China's protein feed annual requirement was respectively 6,000 ten thousand tons and 7,200 ten thousand tons, and feed rate only is 2,200 ten thousand tons and 2,400 ten thousand tons, and insufficiency of supply-demand reaches 38,000,000 tons and 48,000,000 tons.Along with market to the albumen growth of requirement, and fish meal and soybean resource are limited, can't satisfy the demand in market, and be very favourable to the proteic development of methyl alcohol.According to scholarly forecast, China is about 300~5,000,000 tons at present to the proteic market requirement of methyl alcohol every year.
Single cell protein can be made " synthetic meat ", and is directly edible for people, can also be as foodstuff additive, in order to replenish protein or VITAMIN, mineral substance etc.Because some single cell protein has resistance of oxidation, make food be not easy to go bad, thereby be usually used in infant powder and soup stock, the condiments.The heat content of dry yeast is low, the additive of Chang Zuowei diet food.In addition, single cell protein can also improve some physicals of food, as adding live yeast in the Italian tart, can improve the thin performance of prolonging of cake.The zymic protein concentrate has significant delicate flavour, has been widely used as the freshener of food.Single cell protein has also worldwide obtained widespread use as feedstuff protein.
World wide, the proteic production fermentation time of methyl alcohol generally reached about 160 hours, and leavening temperature does not wait at 30~38 ℃, utilized this strain fermentation time at 80~90 hours, 30 ℃ of leavening temperatures have been realized the high density fermentation that temperature is relatively low, the time is short.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to filter out the Pichi strain that a strain has industrial prospect, for the production of methyl alcohol single cell protein lays the foundation at shortcomings such as methyl alcohol protein production fermentation time are long.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method of utilizing Pichia yeast from industrial methanol manufacture order cell protein.
A further object of the invention provides the application of this bacterium aspect feed or foodstuff additive.
Purpose of the present invention can reach by following measure:
Yeast strain of the present invention is pichia pastoris (Pichia pastoris), be numbered ME-SCP01, this bacterial strain is preserved China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center (being called for short CGMCC) on April 29th, 2008, and its preserving number is CGMCC NO:2477.
Pichia pastoris ME-SCP01 belongs to Ascomycota, Hemiascomycetes, Saccharomycetes, Saccharomycetaceae, yeast belong.Cultivate the epibasal cell majority at YPD and be oval, budding; The bacterium colony quality is even, and milky white matt, surface wettability, thickness are easily provoked.
Bacterial strain ME-SCP01 can be on minimal medium normal growth, can be with glucose, glycerine, methyl alcohol etc. as the sole carbon source and the energy.When making carbon source with glucose or glycerine, have only 1 or seldom several little peroxysome in the thalline, and with methyl alcohol during as carbon source, peroxysome almost accounts for 80% of whole cell volume, alcohol oxidase increases to the 35%-40% of total protein of cell.
Bacterial strain ME-SCP01 all can grow between 20~37 ℃, and optimum growth temperature is 27~30 ℃, and is wherein the fastest 30 ℃ growth velocity.The pH value scope of substratum is between 3.0~6.0, and the best pH of thalli growth and synthetic protein is 5.0~6.0.
It is the technology of raw material production single cell protein with the industrial methanol that the present invention provides a kind of pichia spp that utilizes simultaneously.
Methyl alcohol enters the intracellular lysosome of pichia spp, induces the expression of alcohol oxidase, and alcohol oxidase is a formaldehyde with methanol oxidation then.Part formaldehyde continues to be oxidized to formic acid, finally generates CO 2Release energy, another part formaldehyde then generates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by the circulation of 5 lyxulose phosphates, enters main pathways metabolism then, synthetic thalline.
Utilize the method for pichia pastoris ME-SCP01 manufacture order cell protein to be: earlier with bacterial strain ME-SCP01, under the condition of primary carbon source, breed thalline rapidly, when initial carbon source consumption will be use up, slow stream adds methyl alcohol and cultivated 70~100 hours, collect thalline, drying, pulverizing obtain single cell protein.Be specially under a small amount of glycerine or the condition of glucose as primary carbon source, breed thalline rapidly, when initial carbon source consumption will be use up, slowly stream added methyl alcohol, along with the rising of thalline to the utilization ratio of methyl alcohol, improved methyl alcohol stream rate of acceleration gradually, can reach 8-10mlh -1L -1About, through the cultivation of 80-90 hour (preferably), cell has been realized high-density culture, and dry cell weight can reach the 120-130 grams per liter, and crude protein content has reached 50%.By method results thalline such as centrifugal, through fluidised bed drying and pulverizer is simple promptly can be used as protein fodder after pulverizing; Through deep processing, separate the total protein that proposes in the thalline, can be used as feed or foodstuff additive, as protein additive etc.
Pichia pastoris (Pichia pastoris) is that a few can be one of microorganism of the sole carbon source and the energy with methyl alcohol.The described bacterial strain Pichia of this patent pastoris ME-SCP01 can utilize conventional industrial methanol to produce tropina, and GS115 compares with the pattern pichia spp, and growth velocity is faster, therefore has bigger commercial promise.
Biomaterial preservation information: Pichia yeast, its classification called after pichia pastoris (Pichiapastoris) ME-SCP01, (be called for short: CGMCC at China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center on April 29th, 2008, address: China. Beijing. Da Tun road, Chaoyang District) preservation, its preserving number is: CGMCC NO.2477.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the separation of bacterial strain ME-SCP01 and culture condition
In the aerobic activated sludge of analyzing Sichuan grand safe chemical industry company limited industrial wastewater treatment system, during primary Microbial Populations in Active, on extractum carnis-protein culture medium, isolated the microorganism that many strains are subordinated to bacillus, Rhodopseudomonas and yeast belong.Utilize ability to test to the methyl alcohol of a strain pichia spp wherein, and with pichia spp GS115 in contrast.Tentative experiment shows that this pichia spp utilizes the speed of methyl alcohol concentration faster than bacterial strain GS115, that tolerate methyl alcohol higher.Therefore, utilize this pichia spp can carry out the production of single cell protein.With this bacterial strain called after ME-SCP01.
Conventional YEPD complex medium is adopted in the cultivation of bacterial strain ME-SCP01 and preservation: yeast extract, 1%, peptone, 2%, glucose, 2%.Preparation adds 2% agar during solid medium in sterilization forward direction liquid YEPD.
The optimum culturing temperature of bacterial strain ME-SCP01 is 30 ℃.During liquid culture, dress liquid 50ml in the triangular flask of 250ml, shaking speed is 200rpm.
Embodiment 2: the seed culture of bacterial strain ME-SCP01
One-level shaking table seed: YEPD substratum (it is the same to fill a prescription) is adopted in the cultivation of level liquid seed.At first bacterial classification ME-SCP01 is seeded to the 250ml triangular flask that 100ml liquid YEPD substratum is housed from the YEPD inclined-plane of preserving, 30 ℃ of shaking tables were cultivated 24-30 hour, and rotating speed is 200rpm.
Secondary seed: first order seed is forwarded to 10 liters of fermentor tanks that 6 liters of liquid nutrient mediums are housed, culture condition according to 10% inoculum size: air flow 1-2vv/m, stirring velocity 600-800rpm, incubation time 24-30 hour, 30 ℃ of culture temperature.Substratum is selected minimal medium for use, and it is as follows specifically to fill a prescription: glycerine, 40g, CaSO 4, 0.9g, K 2SO 4, 14.3g, MgSO 47H 2O, 11.8g, KOH, 3.8g, H 3PO 4(85%), 20ml, liquid microelement 20ml is settled to 1 liter with distilled water, 121 ℃ of sterilizations 30 minutes, cooling is adjusted to the pH value between the 5.0-6.0 with the ammoniacal liquor of filtration sterilization later.Trace element liquid formula: CuSO 45H 2O, 2g, NaI, 0.05g, MnSO 4H 2O, 2g, Na 2MoO 42H 2O, 0.15g, H 3BO 3, 0.02g, CoCl 2, 0.5g, ZnCl 2, 15g, FeSO 47H 2O, 20g, vitamin H, 0.2g, H 2SO 4, 3.5ml, be settled to 1 liter with distilled water, filtration sterilization.
Three grades and subsequent seed: successively the previous stage seed is pressed 10 times of fermentor tanks that amplify step by step according to 10% inoculum size access volume.Substratum, culture condition are described consistent with secondary seed.
Embodiment 3: 7 liters of jar high density fermentation tests of bacterial strain ME-SCP01
The massfraction of methyl alcohol in substratum can only remain on 1% at most, and too high methanol concentration can suppress the growth of thalline ME-SCP01 even poison its cell with poison.Therefore, for the fermentation of methyl alcohol as carbon source
Experiment, the mode that has adopted Continuous Flow to add.
Bacterial strain ME-SCP01 has been carried out the fermenting experiment of 7 liters of jars (NBS reequip jar), and liquid amount is 3.5 liters, and fermentative medium formula is consistent with secondary seed medium prescription among the embodiment 2, employing inorganic salt prescription, and primary carbon source is glycerine.Add proper quantity of defoaming agent in the fermentor tank.
Seed is prepared: the first order seed of preparing 300ml according to embodiment 2 described methods;
High density fermentation is cultivated: seed is all inserted fermentor tank, and 30 ℃ of stir culture, mixing speed is 800-1000rpm.Air flow is 1.5vvm.PH is set at 5.4, and the method that adopts stream to add ammoniacal liquor is stablized the pH value.Exhaust back (after general about 20 hours), dissolved oxygen (DO at glycerine 2) sharply rising of beginning, begin slow stream and add methyl alcohol this moment, all the time dissolved oxygen level is controlled at about 25% of maximum dissolved oxygen level.DO 2Be lower than 25%, slow down the methyl alcohol flow acceleration, be higher than 25%, suitably increase the methyl alcohol flow acceleration, the highest flow acceleration of methyl alcohol can reach 8mlh -1L -1After fermentation proceeded to 85 hours, methyl alcohol utilized speed obviously to slow down, and the cell growth progressively enters decline phase.
The collection of thalline and protein content detect: collect fermentation broth sample, centrifugal anhydrating, recentrifuge desalts behind the distilled water wash, with the wet thallus of centrifugal acquisition 105 ℃ of oven for drying to constant weight, take by weighing its quality, through estimation, can make the dry cell weight of fermented liquid reach 124 grams per liters by the described fermentation process of this example, realized high-density culture.
With bacterial cell disruption, measured the crude protein content of ME-SCP01 thalline with ultrasonic wave by the Xylene Brilliant Cyanine G method, through with the estimation of typical curve, the total protein content among the bacterial strain ME-SCP01 is about 50%.
Embodiment 4: 1000 liters of jar fermentation industry flow processs of bacterial strain ME-SCP01 manufacture order cell protein
Seed is prepared: according to embodiment 3 described methods, prepare 60 liters of three grades of liquid seeds.
Fermentation culture: fermentative medium formula is consistent with fermentative medium formula among the embodiment 3.
The seeding tank seed is all inserted 1000 liters of fermentor tanks, and liquid amount is 600 liters, 30 ℃ of stir culture, and mixing speed is 300-400rpm.Air flow is 1-2vvm.PH is set at 5.4, and the method that adopts stream to add ammoniacal liquor is stablized the pH value.Exhaust back stream at glycerine and add methyl alcohol, the highest flow acceleration of methyl alcohol can reach 8-10mlh -1L -1After fermentation proceeded to about 80-90 hour, fermentation stopped.
The methyl alcohol protein Preparation: fermented liquid is through continuous centrifuge is centrifugal concentrated automatically, with tap water washing back recentrifuge; Wet thallus dewaters through fluidised bed drying, and moisture is remained on below 10%, pulverizes moulding through pulverizer then, and packing promptly obtains feed grade methyl alcohol albumen finished product.
Because being continuously a small amount of stream, methyl alcohol adds, so in product, detect residual less than methyl alcohol.By the described fermentation process of this example the dry cell weight of fermented liquid is reached about the 120-130 grams per liter, the total protein content among the bacterial strain ME-SCP01 is about 50%.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of Pichia yeast that utilizes industrial methanol fast, its classification called after pichia pastoris (Pichia pastoris) ME-SCP01, preserve at China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center, its preserving number is: CGMCC NO.2477.
2, utilize the method for the described Pichia yeast manufacture order of claim 1 cell protein, it is characterized in that earlier bacterial strain ME-SCP01, under the condition of primary carbon source, breed thalline rapidly, when initial carbon source consumption will be use up, slow stream adds methyl alcohol and cultivated 70~100 hours, collect thalline, dry, pulverizing.
3, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that when stream adds methyl alcohol along with the rising of thalline to the utilization ratio of methyl alcohol, improves methyl alcohol stream rate of acceleration gradually, is up to 8-10mlh -1L -1
4, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that incubation time is 80~90 hours.
5, the application of the described Pichia yeast of claim 1 aspect feed or foodstuff additive.
CNA200810123749XA 2008-06-02 2008-06-02 Pichia yeast for rapid utilizing industrial methanol and uses thereof Pending CN101307294A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNA200810123749XA CN101307294A (en) 2008-06-02 2008-06-02 Pichia yeast for rapid utilizing industrial methanol and uses thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNA200810123749XA CN101307294A (en) 2008-06-02 2008-06-02 Pichia yeast for rapid utilizing industrial methanol and uses thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101307294A true CN101307294A (en) 2008-11-19

Family

ID=40123982

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA200810123749XA Pending CN101307294A (en) 2008-06-02 2008-06-02 Pichia yeast for rapid utilizing industrial methanol and uses thereof

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN101307294A (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102154406A (en) * 2011-01-18 2011-08-17 东华大学 Method for producing bacterial cellulose by taking high-concentration methanol-containing waste water as raw material
CN103045494A (en) * 2013-01-05 2013-04-17 义马煤业集团煤生化高科技工程有限公司 Pichia pastoris for efficiently converting methanol to produce single cell protein and application of pichia pastoris
CN103045703A (en) * 2013-01-05 2013-04-17 义马煤业集团煤生化高科技工程有限公司 Recycling method of methanol protein fermentation filtrate
CN103060212A (en) * 2013-01-05 2013-04-24 义马煤业集团煤生化高科技工程有限公司 Industrial production method for single-cell methanol protein
CN103060211A (en) * 2013-01-05 2013-04-24 义马煤业集团煤生化高科技工程有限公司 Fermentation culture medium for producing methanol protein
CN105176853A (en) * 2015-10-16 2015-12-23 义马煤业集团煤生化高科技工程有限公司 Pichia pastoris for simultaneously producing methanol protein and xylanase and application of pichia pastoris
CN107177517A (en) * 2016-03-09 2017-09-19 中国科学院微生物研究所 Efficiently tolerance and the yeast strain using methanol and application
CN111359425A (en) * 2019-09-05 2020-07-03 朱启常 Biological material for degrading formaldehyde and preparation and use methods thereof
CN112646740A (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-04-13 中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所 Formate single-cell protein strain MA5 and application thereof

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102154406A (en) * 2011-01-18 2011-08-17 东华大学 Method for producing bacterial cellulose by taking high-concentration methanol-containing waste water as raw material
CN103045494A (en) * 2013-01-05 2013-04-17 义马煤业集团煤生化高科技工程有限公司 Pichia pastoris for efficiently converting methanol to produce single cell protein and application of pichia pastoris
CN103045703A (en) * 2013-01-05 2013-04-17 义马煤业集团煤生化高科技工程有限公司 Recycling method of methanol protein fermentation filtrate
CN103060212A (en) * 2013-01-05 2013-04-24 义马煤业集团煤生化高科技工程有限公司 Industrial production method for single-cell methanol protein
CN103060211A (en) * 2013-01-05 2013-04-24 义马煤业集团煤生化高科技工程有限公司 Fermentation culture medium for producing methanol protein
CN103045703B (en) * 2013-01-05 2014-03-12 义马煤业集团煤生化高科技工程有限公司 Recycling method of methanol protein fermentation filtrate
CN105176853A (en) * 2015-10-16 2015-12-23 义马煤业集团煤生化高科技工程有限公司 Pichia pastoris for simultaneously producing methanol protein and xylanase and application of pichia pastoris
CN105176853B (en) * 2015-10-16 2018-06-29 义马煤业集团煤生化高科技工程有限公司 One plant of Pichia pastoris and its application for producing Methanol Protein and zytase simultaneously
CN107177517A (en) * 2016-03-09 2017-09-19 中国科学院微生物研究所 Efficiently tolerance and the yeast strain using methanol and application
CN111359425A (en) * 2019-09-05 2020-07-03 朱启常 Biological material for degrading formaldehyde and preparation and use methods thereof
CN112646740A (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-04-13 中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所 Formate single-cell protein strain MA5 and application thereof
CN112646740B (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-11-30 中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所 Formate single-cell protein strain MA5 and application thereof

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101307294A (en) Pichia yeast for rapid utilizing industrial methanol and uses thereof
CN101109015B (en) Method of preparing arachidonic acid oil and fat
CN102613518B (en) Jerusalem artichoke pickle produced by direct-vat-set lactobacillus brevis leavening agent, and process of same
CN106222098B (en) One plant of monascus strain and its application
CN102796673B (en) Feruloyl esterase production strain and method for producing feruloyl esterase by using same
CN103045494B (en) Pichia pastoris for efficiently converting methanol to produce single cell protein and application of pichia pastoris
CN114107077B (en) Ester-producing yeast strain and application thereof
CN108220175A (en) Saccharomyces cerevisiae high-density cultivation method and its pH regulation and control methods
CN103265362B (en) Compatibility and production method of pholiota nameko cultivation material
CN105580975A (en) Technology for extracting seaweed protein by means of microbial fermentation method
CN107287127A (en) The production ester Pichia pastoris of one plant of resistance to lactic acid
CN103421642B (en) Method for processing cider wine containing more ester
CN109370933A (en) A kind of co-culture method improving saccharomycete acid-fast ability
CN109022227A (en) A kind of method of ethyl acetate content in raising white spirit original wine
CN102987063B (en) Organic acid animal growth regulator and preparation method thereof
CN103451247B (en) A kind of arachidonic preparation method
CN105368736A (en) Bacillus aceticus and application of bacillus aceticus in coffee cherry peel and pulp fermentation vinegar
CN1935980A (en) Method for separating and purifying wine-brewing microzyme from black tea fungus
CN105368887B (en) A kind of fermentation manufacturing technique of epsilon-poly-L-lysine
CN108165501A (en) One plant of beer S. cervisiae and its cultural method and application
CN101812491A (en) Method for producing pleurotus ferulae polysaccharide and oral liquid thereof through fermentation
CN104928199B (en) The copper-rich ocean rhodotorula and its fermentation culture method of one plant of High Yield of Carotenoid
Yao et al. Relationship between saccharifying capacity and isolation sources for strains of the Rhizopus arrhizus complex
CN105647837A (en) Complex microbial inoculant for pickled vegetable fermentation and application of complex microbial inoculant
CN102863549A (en) Method of using by-product fermentation broth generated in production of posaverptidum to produce extracellular posaverptidum

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C02 Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001)
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Open date: 20081119